DOCSLIB.ORG

Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XI

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XI Records of tile Western Australian MusCllm Supplement No. 52: 159-164 (1995). Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XI. A new genus of Astieae from Western Australia Marek Zabka Zaklad Zoologii WSRP, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland Abstract - Megaloastia mainae gen. et sp. nov., an unusuallong-Ieged spider from Western Australia is described and figured. Remarks on morphology, behaviour and evolution of Salticidae are presented. INTRODUCTION Diagnosis In comparison to some other spider families, the A web-building spider. Legs very long, in males representatives of Salticidae are well defined and up to 4.5 centimeters, thin. Genitalia similar to easy to recognize. They have compact body form, some representatives of Astieae, fovea deep and unique eye pattern, short and stout legs, rather wide, chelicerae of plurident pattern. simple genitalia and complex mating behaviour. They are cursorial long-sighted jumpers, hunting Description actively during the day. Salticids may Medium to large salticid. Cephalothorax robust. communicate by stridulation, substrate and web Cephalic part distinctly elevated, posterior eyes set vibration, visual and chemical signals (Jackson on tubercles. Thorax with gentle posterior slope, 1982, 1986a 1987; Maddison and Stratton 1988). oval, fovea deep. Abdomen elongate. Clypeus low, They live solitary, communal and (perhaps) even about 15% of anterior median eyes diameter. social existence (Jackson 1986c; Maddison 1987). Chelicerae robust, inclined anteriorly, with Salticidae may be found on vegetation, open plurident dentition. Maxillae and labium elongate, ground, on/under rocks and stones, on tree trunks, the first twice as long as wide. Sternum wide, with under bark, in leaf litter. Many salticid genera small marginal indentations, its anterior border mimic other arthropods (Elgar 1993), mostly ants, little wider than base of labium. Legs extremely but also flies (Morrison 1981), wasps (Reiskind long, slender, spread laterally, armed with 1976; Zabka 1992), beetles and pseudoscorpions numerous spines (especially tibiae and metatarsi). (Platnick 1984). The spider described here is Male palpal organ with single tibial apophysis, certainly one of the most spectacular jumping embolus short and wide. Tegulum without spiders and seems an interesting model for apophyses, distal cymbium elongate, tapering. behavioural and evolutionary research. Epigyne with caudal lobe, internal genitalia simple in structure, spermathecae one-chambered. MATERIAL AND METHODS The paper is based on the specimens collected in Relationships, Biology and Distribution the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia The last fifteen years showed the importance of and deposited in Western Australian Museum, behavioural research for phylogenetic consid­ Perth (WAM). Methods of specimen examination, erations. Despite their cursorial way of life, many terminology and measurement taken were salticids spin retreats, nests and even webs described earlier (Zabka 1990). (Jackson 1988, 1989) and it seems very likely that Abbreviations used: AEW - anterior eyes width, early ancestral salticids were web-builders and ag - accessory gland, AL - abdomen length, CL web-invaders that evolved acute vision and cephalothorax length, CW - cephalothorax width, became cursorial hunters (Jackson and Blest 1982; EFL eye field length, fd - fertilization duct, m ­ Jackson 1986b; Jackson and Hallas 1986). In most metatarsus, p - prolateral spines, PEW - posterior cases, the web-building Salticidae represent eyes width, r - retrolateral spines, t - tibia. Pluridentati division. Only a few belong to Fissidentati and Unidentati, the latter being the most derived. The field observations of Megaloastia Megaloastia gen. novo are very fragmentary but they prove its web­ Type species building behaviour, the character being very Megaloastia mainae sp. novo important, but difficult to comment without further 160 M. Zabka Figures 1-5 Megaloastia mainae sp. nov., 0 holotype: 1, dorsal aspect; 2, frontal view; 3, cheliceraI dentition; 4, general appearance; 5, first leg, retrolateral view. New genus of Astieae 161 research. The genus has very distinctive morpho­ Pa ra types logical similarities to the Australasian Astieae Australia: Western Australia: 10, CALM site (Wanless 1988). The caudal lobe of epigyne, simple 28/3, 4 km W. of King Cascade, 15°36'5, 125°15'E, internal genitalia and plurident cheliceral dentition 12-16 June 1988, T.A. Weir (WAM 93/1690); 3CiJ, are found in Astia, Arasia and SOlldra. The structure N. of Larryoo, 14°51'5, 126°49'E, underside of large of male palps is similar to that in Astia and He/pis. boulder, creek bed, 13 June 1992, MS Harvey, J. The legs, however, are much longer than in any M. Waldock (WAM 93/1691-3). known salticids and make the genus so distinctive. Megaloastia has been recorded on webs constructed Diagnosis under large boulders from a few localities in The species can be distinguished by male palpal Kimberleys, Western Australia. organ (Figs 6-8) and female genitalia (Figs 10-14). Etymology Description The generic name is a combination of words "megas" = large, and Astia, a possible relative, and Male IlOlotype (Figs 1-2, 4) it is feminine in gender. Cephalothorax wide and robust, cephalic part distinctly elevated, posterior eyes on tubercles. Eye field chestnut-coloured, eye surrounds black with Megaloastia mainae sp. novo scarce white hairs. Thorax with gentle posterior Figures 1-16 slope, oval and wide, brown, with central yellow stripe. Fovea deep and vast. Abdomen elongate, Material Examined grey-brown with dirty-yellow central pattern. Dark and light surfaces covered with brown and white Holotype hairs respectively. Clypeus and chelicerae dark­ 0, Mt Trafalgar, Western Australia, Australia, brown, the latter with plurident dentition (Fig. 3). 15°17'5, 125°04'E, 12 June 1988, BY Main (WAM Maxillae and labium long, dark-brown with lighter 93/10). tips. Sternum wide, grey-brown, marginally darker, venter anteriorly dirty-brown, further Allotype dirty-beige, darker centrally. Legs (Fig. 5) CiJ, same data as holotype (WAM 93/11). extremely long and slender, spread laterally, armed Figures 6-8 Megaloastia malllae sp. nov, 0 holotype: palpal organ. 162 M. Zabka 10 Figures 9-16 Megaloastia mainae sp. novo 9-12, '? allotype: 9, dorsal aspect; 10, 11, epigyne and internal genitalia; 12, cheliceral dentition. 13-16, '? paratype: 13, 14, epigyne and internal genitalia; 15, dorsal aspect; 16, first leg. New genus of Astieae 163 with long spines. First legs proximally dark-brown, Etymology distally gradually lighter, their index (CL -:- leg The specific name is proposed in honour of Or length) to 8.7. Other legs lighter, from brown to Barbara York Main, an Australian arachnologist, yellow. Dorsal coxae, trochanters and proximal one of the collectors of the material studied. femora yellow, patellae yellow medially. Palpal organ clothed with long light and brown hairs, its structure showed in Figs 6-8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Tibial and metatarsal spination: tI-II: pl-l-l-1-1, Dr Mark Harvey and Ms Julianne Waldock sent rl-l-1-1-1; mI-II: pl-l-1-1, rl-l-l-l; tIll-IV: pl-0-0­ specimens for study and Mark Harvey provided 0-1, rl-0-0-0-l; mIll-IV: pl-0-0-l, rl-0-0-1. information on habitat and biology. Dr David Dimensions (mm). Legs: (from femur to tarsus): Richman and an anonymous referee provided I: 12.76 + 4.40 + 15.80 + 9.88 + 1.84 = 44.68, useful comments on the typescript. II: 8.66 + 3.04 + 9.42 + 6.84 + 1.52 = 29.48, Ill: 8.20 + 2.58 + 8.66 + 7.75 + 1.67 = 28.86, IV: 7.90 + 2.43 + 8.66 + 8.96 + 1.52 =29.47. REFERENCES CL 5.01, CW 4.56, AEW 3.49, PEW 2.81, EFL 2.28, Elgar, M. (1993). Inter-specific associations involving AL 6.08. spiders: kleptoparasitism, mimicry and mutualism. Memoirs ofthe Queensland Museum 33: 411-430. Female allotype (Fig. 9) Jackson, RR (1982). The behavior of communicating in Eye field orange, eye surrounds dark-brown with jumping spiders (Salticidae). In Witt, P.N. and whitish, yellow and longer brown hairs. Thorax Rovner, J.s. (eds), Spider Communication: Mechanisms and Ecological Significance: 213-247. Princeton yellow-orange with brownish pattern, covered University Press, Princeton, New York. with sparse white and brown hairs. Abdomen Jackson, RR. (1986a). Use of pheromones by males of covered with sparse brown hairs, centrally yellow, Phidippus jolmsoni (Araneae, Salticidae) to detect laterally grey-brown with light spots. Spinnerets subadult females that are about to molt. Joumal of dirty-yellow. Clypeus dark-orange with whitish Araclmology 14: 137-139. and yellow hairs. Chelicerae (Fig. 12) and maxillae Jackson, R.R. (1986b). Web building, predatory brown with light tips, sternum yellow with slightly versatility, and the evolution of the Salticidae. In darker margin. Venter grey with central beige Shear W.A. (ed.), Spiders: Webs, Behavior and stripes. Pedipalps proximally and ventrally yellow, Evolution: 232-268. Stanford University Press, distally and dorsally dark-brown, fringed with Stanford. numerous light-grey, white and brown hairs, tarsi Jackson, RR (1986c). Communal jumping spiders with 2 retrolateral spines. Legs long and slender, (Araneae: Salticidae) from Kenya: interspecific nest proximally yellow, distally and dorsally darker, complexes, cohabitation with web-building spiders, metatarsi light-brown. First leg index below 5. and intraspecific interactions. New Zealand Joumal of Spines long, numerous on tibiae and metatarsi I Zoology 13: 13-26. and II. Jackson, R.R (1987). Comparative study of releaser Epigyne and internal genitalia presented in Figs pheromones associated with the silk of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). New Zealand Joumal of 10-11, similar to the genus Astia. Zoology 14: 1-10. Tibial and metatarsal spination: tI-II: pl-l-l-l-l­ Jackson, R.R. (1988). The biology of Jacksonoides (1), rl-l-l-l-l-(I); mI-II: pl-l-1-1, r1-1-1-1; tIll-IV: queenslandica, a jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) pO-0-0-0-1, rO-0-0-0-1; mIll-IV: pO-1-0-2, rO-1-0-2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report
    Geography Monograph Series No. 13 Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. Brisbane, 2009 The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. is a non-profit organization that promotes the study of Geography within educational, scientific, professional, commercial and broader general communities. Since its establishment in 1885, the Society has taken the lead in geo- graphical education, exploration and research in Queensland. Published by: The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. 237 Milton Road, Milton QLD 4064, Australia Phone: (07) 3368 2066; Fax: (07) 33671011 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rgsq.org.au ISBN 978 0 949286 16 8 ISSN 1037 7158 © 2009 Desktop Publishing: Kevin Long, Page People Pty Ltd (www.pagepeople.com.au) Printing: Snap Printing Milton (www.milton.snapprinting.com.au) Cover: Pemberton Design (www.pembertondesign.com.au) Cover photo: Cravens Peak. Photographer: Nick Rains 2007 State map and Topographic Map provided by: Richard MacNeill, Spatial Information Coordinator, Bush Heritage Australia (www.bushheritage.org.au) Other Titles in the Geography Monograph Series: No 1. Technology Education and Geography in Australia Higher Education No 2. Geography in Society: a Case for Geography in Australian Society No 3. Cape York Peninsula Scientific Study Report No 4. Musselbrook Reserve Scientific Study Report No 5. A Continent for a Nation; and, Dividing Societies No 6. Herald Cays Scientific Study Report No 7. Braving the Bull of Heaven; and, Societal Benefits from Seasonal Climate Forecasting No 8. Antarctica: a Conducted Tour from Ancient to Modern; and, Undara: the Longest Known Young Lava Flow No 9. White Mountains Scientific Study Report No 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Salticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) of Islands Off Australia
    1999. The Journal of Arachnology 27:229±235 SALTICIDAE (ARACHNIDA, ARANEAE) OF ISLANDS OFF AUSTRALIA Barbara Patoleta and Marek ZÇ abka: Zaklad Zoologii WSRP, 08±110 Siedlce, Poland ABSTRACT. Thirty nine species of Salticidae from 33 Australian islands are analyzed with respect to their total distribution, dispersal possibilities and relations with the continental fauna. The possibility of the Torres Strait islands as a dispersal route for salticids is discussed. The studies of island faunas have been the ocean level ¯uctuations over the last 50,000 subject of zoogeographical and evolutionary years, at least some islands have been sub- research for over 150 years and have resulted merged or formed land bridges with the con- in hundreds of papers, with the syntheses by tinent (e.g., Torres Strait islands). All these Carlquist (1965, 1974) and MacArthur & Wil- circumstances and the human occupation son (1967) being the best known. make it rather unlikely for the majority of Modern zoogeographical analyses, based islands to have developed their own endemic on island spider faunas, began some 60 years salticid faunas. ago (Berland 1934) and have continued ever When one of us (MZ) began research on since by, e.g., Forster (1975), Lehtinen (1980, the Australian and New Guinean Salticidae 1996), Baert et al. (1989), ZÇ abka (1988, 1990, over ten years ago, close relationships be- 1991, 1993), Baert & Jocque (1993), Gillespie tween the faunas of these two regions were (1993), Gillespie et al. (1994), ProÂszynÂski expected. Consequently, it was hypothesized (1992, 1996) and Berry et al. (1996, 1997), that the Cape York Peninsula and Torres Strait but only a few papers were based on veri®ed islands were the natural passage for dispersal/ and suf®cient taxonomic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XVI
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2002 Records of the Australian Museum (2002) Vol. 54: 269–274. ISSN 0067-1975 Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XVI. New Species of Grayenulla and Afraflacilla MAREK Z˙ ABKA1* AND MICHAEL R. GRAY2 1 Katedra Zoologii AP, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland [email protected] 2 Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. Four new species, Grayenulla spinimana, G. wilganea, Afraflacilla gunbar and A. milledgei, are described from New South Wales and Western Australia. Remarks on relationships, biology and distribution of both genera are provided together with distributional maps. Z ˙ ABKA, MAREK, & MICHAEL R. GRAY, 2002. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions, XVI. New species of Grayenulla and Afraflacilla. Records of the Australian Museum 54(3): 269–274. In comparison to coastal parts of the Australian continent, whole is very widespread, ranging from west Africa through Salticidae from inland Australia are still poorly studied. the Middle East, southern Asia, New Guinea and Australia Preliminary data indicate that the inland dry areas have their to western and middle Pacific islands. There are about 50 own, endemic fauns, genera Grayenulla and Afraflacilla species known worldwide, most of them are described in being good examples (Z˙abka, 1992, 1993, unpubl.). Pseudicius (e.g., Prószynski,´ 1992; Berry et al., 1998). At present, seven species of Grayenulla are known from Festucula, Marchena and Pseudicius are the closest relatives scattered localities in Western Australia. Even if found in of Afraflacilla and they form a monophyletic group. coastal areas, they are limited in occurrence to savannah and semidesert habitats, being either ground or vegetation dwellers.
    [Show full text]
  • From Buenos Aires 1
    Peckhamia 170.1 Helvetia cf. cancrimana from Buenos Aires 1 PECKHAMIA 170.1, 3 September 2018, 1―4 ISSN 2161―8526 (print) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DD77773C-5016-4140-9230-95343B5AF36F (registered 22 AUG 2018) ISSN 1944―8120 (online) Helvetia cf. cancrimana (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) from Buenos Aires David E. Hill 1 and Javier Chiavone 2 1 213 Wild Horse Creek Drive, Simpsonville, South Carolina, 29680 USA, email [email protected] 2 email [email protected], Instagram jchiavo, Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/104031939@N08/ One of the authors (JC) recently photographed a female salticid that resembles the description by Galiano (1963: 363, as H. zonata) of Helvetia cancrimana (Taczanowski 1872). It may be that species, but in the absence of a specimen we refer to this as Helvetia cf. cancrimana (Figure 1). 1 2 3 4 5 6 Figure 1. Female Helvetia cf. cancrimana on a tree in the Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur in the city of Buenos Aires, 20 March 2018.. Body length of this spider was 3.13 mm. 2, Note the glabrous, rugose anterolateral carapace below the lateral eyes, part of a stridulatory apparatus that opposes setal sockets inside of the ipsilateral femur (Ruiz & Brescovit 2008). Peckhamia 170.1 Helvetia cf. cancrimana from Buenos Aires 2 Although the genus Helvetia Peckham & Peckham 1894 is widely distributed in South America (Figure 2), these spiders are not commonly found (Ruiz & Brescovit 2008). 2 3 1 10 2 9 7 2 2 9 9 1 albovittata 2 2 cancrimana 2 11 12 22 3 cf. cancrimana 1 2 7 2 4 galianoae 1 5 humillima 6 labiata 1 10 5 5 7 rinaldiae 2 114 8 6 8 riojanensis 6 10 222 9 roeweri 1 10 santarema 11 semialba 2 3 12 stridulans 1000 km Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, IV
    AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Zabka, Marek, 1990. Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, IV. Genus Ocrisiona Simon, 1901. Records of the Australian Museum 42(1): 27–43. [23 March 1990]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.42.1990.105 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia Records of the Australian Museum (1990) Vol. 42: 27-43. ISSN 0067 1975 27 Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, IV. Genus Ocrisiona Simon, 1901 MA..REK ZABKA * Visiting Fellow, Australian Museum P.O. Box A285, Sydney South, NSW 2000, Australia *Present Address: Zaklad Zoologii, WSR-P 08-110 Siedlce, P91and ABSTRACT. The spider genus Ocrisiona Simon is revised. Eight species are diagnosed, described and illustrated, five new ones are established: O. eucalypti, O. koahi, O. parmeliae, O. victoriae and O. yakatunyae. Four species, O. aerata (L. Koch), O. elegans (L. Koch), O. Jrenata Simon and O. parallelistriata (L. Koch), are excluded as not related, three additional ones, O. complanata (L. Koch), O.fusca (Karasch) and O. invenusta (L. Koch), are transferred to Holoplatys. The genus is redefined and its relationships are discussed. Remarks on biology are presented, maps of distribution and key to the species are given. Geographical distribution of Ocrisiona is limited to Australia and adjacent areas; O. leucocomis (L. Koch) and O. melanopyga Simon are mainland species also recorded from Tasmania, and O.
    [Show full text]
  • Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacifrc Regions
    Recordsof the AustralianMuseum (1990) Vol. 42: 2743. ISSN 0067 1975 27 Salticidae(Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and PacifrcRegions, IV. Genus Ocrisiona Simon, L90L Mlnnr Znnxl* Visiting Fellow, Australian Museum P.O. Box 4285, SydneySouth, NSW 2000, Australia xPresentAddress: Zaklad Zooloel| WSR-P 08-110 Siedlce,Polani AssrRAcr. The spider genus Ocrisiona Simon is revised. Eight speciesare diagnosed,described and illustrated, five new ones are established: O. eucalypti, O. koahi, O. parmeliae, O. victoriae and O. yakatunyae. Four species, O. aerata (L. Koch), O. elegans (L. Koch), O. frenata Simon and O. parallelistriata (L. Koch), are excluded asnot related,three additional ones,O. complanata (L. Koch), O .fusca (Karasch) and O . invenu.slc(L. Koch), are transferred to Holoplatys. The genusis redefined and its relationships are discussed.Remarks on biology are presented,maps of distribution and key to the species are given. Geographical distribution of Ocrisiona is limited to Australia and adjacent areas; O. leucocomis(L. Koch) and O. melanopygaSimon are mainland speciesalso recorded from Tasmania, andO. melancholica (L. Koch) is also known from Lord Howe Island. Zxnrce' M., 1990. Salticidae(Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions,IV. GenusOcrisiona Simon, 1901.Records of the AustralianMuseum 42(1\: 2743. Sinceitsoriginaldescriptionthetaxonomy of Ocrisiona of O. cinerea and O. liturata cannot be found but their has not been studied. One species was illustrated by original descriptions suggest that both should be Pr6szynski (1984) but without any further comments.The transferredtoHoloplatys,aswellasO. complanata,O.fusca synonymisation of the genus with Holoplatys (Pr6szynski, and O. invenusta. 1987)was premature. Simon (1901a) providedthefirstclear diagnosis of the genus based upon morphological criteria, but even his taxonomic decisionswere partly wrong.
    [Show full text]
  • Australasian Arachnology 76 Features a Comprehensive Update on the Taxonomy Change of Address and Systematics of Jumping Spiders of Australia by Marek Zabka
    AAususttrraalaassiianan AArracachhnnoollogyogy Price$3 Number7376 ISSN0811-3696 January200607 Newsletterof NewsletteroftheAustralasianArachnologicalSociety Australasian Arachnology No. 76 Page 2 THE AUSTRALASIAN ARTICLES ARACHNOLOGICAL The newsletter depends on your SOCIETY contributions! We encourage articles on a We aim to promote interest in the range of topics including current research ecology, behaviour and taxonomy of activities, student projects, upcoming arachnids of the Australasian region. events or behavioural observations. MEMBERSHIP Please send articles to the editor: Membership is open to amateurs, Volker Framenau students and professionals and is managed Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates by our administrator: Western Australian Museum Locked Bag 49 Richard J. Faulder Welshpool, W.A. 6986, Australia. Agricultural Institute [email protected] Yanco, New South Wales 2703. Australia Format: i) typed or legibly printed on A4 [email protected] paper or ii) as text or MS Word file on CD, Membership fees in Australian dollars 3½ floppy disk, or via email. (per 4 issues): LIBRARY *discount personal institutional Australia $8 $10 $12 The AAS has a large number of NZ / Asia $10 $12 $14 reference books, scientific journals and elsewhere $12 $14 $16 papers available for loan or as photocopies, for those members who do There is no agency discount. not have access to a scientific library. All postage is by airmail. Professional members are encouraged to *Discount rates apply to unemployed, pensioners and students (please provide proof of status). send in their arachnological reprints. Cheques are payable in Australian Contact our librarian: dollars to “Australasian Arachnological Society”. Any number of issues can be paid Jean-Claude Herremans PO Box 291 for in advance.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocrisiona Simon, 1901
    Ocrisiona Simon, 1901 Taxonomy Ocrisiona has nine Australian species, Ocrisiona aerata, O. eucalypti, O. koahi, O. leucocomis, O. melancholica, O. melanopyga, O. parmeliae, O. victoriae and O. yakatunya. A further species, Ocrisiona parallelestriata, is considered misplaced. The genus is part of an Australasian clade (Maddison et al 2008) related to Abracadabrella, Apricia, Clynotis, Holoplatys, Huntiglennia, Examples of live Ocrisiona leucocomis Opisthoncus, Paraphilaeus, Paraplatoides, Pungalina, Tara, Trite and Zebraplatys (Maddison Illustrators (and ©) R. Whyte, G. Anderson 2015). Several very poorly known genera from New Caledonia (e.g. Corambis, Lystrocteisa and (BL) Penionomus), may also be part of this group. Further information on the genus and described species can be found in Richardson and Żabka (2017) and Whyte and Anderson (2017). Description Ocrisiona includes large spiders, ranging in body lengths from 10 to 15 mm. The head, viewed from above, is pear-shaped, widest well behind the posterior lateral eyes. The cephalothorax is low and flat, the abdomen elongate-ovate. Chelicerae have a single (unident) retromarginal tooth and two promarginal teeth. The first and fourth legs are longest, the second pair of legs next longest. The third pair of legs is much shorter. The spines on the first and second tibia are Aspects of the general morphology of vestigial, otherwise spines are absent. Superficially, Ocrisiona spp. can be almost Ocrisiona leucocomis Illustrators (and ©) B.J. Richardson (CSIRO), indistinguishable from some Holoplatys spp. The palp morphology differs, but for those M. Zabka (diag,) (QMB) without access to genitalia, there is another useful difference; the absence of a small pit on the medial side of each of the posterior lateral eyes in Ocrisiona but present in Holoplatys.
    [Show full text]
  • The Deep Phylogeny of Jumping Spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 440: 57–87 (2014)The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders( Araneae, Salticidae) 57 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.440.7891 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) Wayne P. Maddison1,2, Daiqin Li3,4, Melissa Bodner2, Junxia Zhang2, Xin Xu3, Qingqing Liu3, Fengxiang Liu3 1 Beaty Biodiversity Museum and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada 2 Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada 3 Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singa- pore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 Corresponding author: Wayne P. Maddison ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jeremy Miller | Received 13 May 2014 | Accepted 6 July 2014 | Published 15 September 2014 http://zoobank.org/AFDC1D46-D9DD-4513-A074-1C9F1A3FC625 Citation: Maddison WP, Li D, Bodner M, Zhang J, Xu X, Liu Q, Liu F (2014) The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 440: 57–87. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.440.7891 Abstract In order to resolve better the deep relationships among salticid spiders, we compiled and analyzed a mo- lecular dataset of 169 salticid taxa (and 7 outgroups) and 8 gene regions. This dataset adds many new taxa to previous analyses, especially among the non-salticoid salticids, as well as two new genes – wingless and myosin heavy chain. Both of these genes, and especially the better sampled wingless, confirm many of the relationships indicated by other genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Brockman Resources Limited Rail Corridor Short Range Endemic Invertebrate Survey
    OCTOBER 2011 BROCKMAN RESOURCES LIMITED RAIL CORRIDOR SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY This page has been left blank intentionally BROCKMAN RESOURCES LIMITED RAIL CORRIDOR SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY Brockman Resources Limited Rail Corridor SRE Survey Document Status Approved for Issue Rev Author Reviewer/s Date Name Distributed To Date A N. Dight L. Roque‐Albelo 15/12/10 L.Roque‐Albelo J. Greive 1 N. Dight M. Davis 20/11/11 L. Roque‐Albelo G. Firth 21/10/11 ecologia Environment (2011). Reproduction of this report in whole or in part by electronic, mechanical or chemical means including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, in any language, is strictly prohibited without the express approval of Brockman Resources Limited and/or ecologia Environment. Restrictions on Use This report has been prepared specifically for Brockman Resources Limited. Neither the report nor its contents may be referred to or quoted in any statement, study, report, application, prospectus, loan, or other agreement document, without the express approval of Brockman Resources and/or ecologia Environment. ecologia Environment 1025 Wellington Street WEST PERTH WA 6005 Phone: 08 9322 1944 Fax: 08 9322 1599 Email: [email protected] October 2011 iii Brockman Resources Limited Rail Corridor SRE Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................VIII 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae: Salticidae)
    Doctoral Thesis Taxonomic revision of Vietnamese species of the genus Phintella Strand (Araneae: Salticidae) Phung Thi Hong Luong Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami–Osawa 1–1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0397, Japan September in 2017 1 首都大学東京 博士（理学）学位論文（課程博士） 論 文 名 ベトナム産ヤマトハエトリグモ属（クモ目：ハエトリグモ科） の分類学的再検討 （英文） 著 者 フオン テイ ホン ロン 審査担当者 主 査 委 員 委 員 委 員 上記の論文を合格と判定する 平成 年 月 日 首都大学東京大学院理工学研究科教授会 研究科長 DISSERTATION FOR A DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN SCIENCE TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY TITLE：Taxonomic revision of Vietnamese species of the genus Phintella Strand (Araneae: Salticidae) AUTHOR：Phung Thi Hong Luong EXAMINED BY Examiner in chief Examiner Examiner Examiner QUALIFIED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Dean Date 0 Summary Spiders (the order Araneae) are dominant predatory arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems. The family Salticidae (jumping spiders) is the largest family of spiders; it is known throughout the world, and consists of nearly 6,000 described species belonging to 625 genera, holding 13% of all species of spiders (Foelix, 1996; Jackson et al., 2001). Salticids usually show distinct sexual dimorphism in morphology of the adults. As a result, the male-female complementarity remains unclear for many nominal species in this family. This means that more than a few synonymies are likely hidden in the current classification of the family. Furthermore, due to insufficient sampling efforts in tropical and subtropical zones, it is likely that many species are yet to be discovered. The genus Phintella Strand in Bösenberg and Strand (1906) is one of the most speciose genera in the family Salticidae, and is thought to have diversified in the Oriental and Palearctic regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Iguanas Are Threatened with Extinction - How Can Revealing a Revised Taxonomy Help to Focus Conservation Efforts of These Endemic Island Reptiles?
    Marine iguanas are threatened with extinction - How can revealing a revised taxonomy help to focus conservation efforts of these endemic island reptiles? A GCSE case study from the Galapagos Conservation Trust Marine iguanas clearly offer important insights into evolutionary processes, but environmental changes mean that their long-term survival could be in jeopardy. Genetic studies have shown us that marine iguana populations on different islands are distinct from one another and there is evidence that there are several subspecies. We also know that some of these populations are already extremely small and face significant threats from marine pollution and predation by introduced species. Loss of these distinct populations could damage the marine iguana’s chances of survival in the long-term. The situation is of great concern because marine iguanas occur on the Galápagos archipelago and nowhere else on earth – they have never been successfully kept outside of the islands. It is therefore vital that we monitor and manage these populations, because if they disappear from Galapagos, they are lost forever. - Dr Amy MacLeod Keywords: biodiversity, classification, Carl Linnaeus, taxonomy, phylogenetic classification, variation, environmental, genotype, phenotype, diversity, population, speciation, species, sub-species A RESOURCE BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE GALAPAGOS CONSERVATION TRUST (REGISTERED CHARITY NO. 1043470) GALAPAGOSCONSERVATION.ORG.UK Discovering Galapagos | Genetics, Taxonomy and Marine Iguanas (GCSE) Back to basics: A revision of classification Taxonomy is the science of classification, involving naming and categorising organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences. Carl Linnaeus first formulated the idea of the classification system, making it easier for scientists to study species, understand how they are related and to recognise biodiversity.
    [Show full text]