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PRODUCTION ORIENTED SURVEY 2019 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice

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PRODUCTION ORIENTED SURVEY 2019 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice PRODUCTION ORIENTED SURVEY 2019 In collaboration with AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES and STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme (AICRIP) ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, TS, India Correct citation: ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, 2020 Production Oriented Survey 2019 All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, TS, India Compiled by: Drs. G. S. Laha, M. Srinivas Prasad, D. Krishnaveni, C. Kannan, D. Ladhalakshmi, V. Prakasam, K. Basavaraj and G. S. Jasudasu; Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, TS, India Production Oriented Survey-2019 Contents Sl. No States Pages Summary 1 Introduction 19 1 Andhra Pradesh 20 2 Bihar-1 29 3 Bihar-2 32 4 Chhattishgarh 36 5 Gujarat 42 6 Haryana 60 7 Himachal Pradesh 63 8 Jammu and Kashmir 67 9 Karnataka 72 10 Kerala 82 11 Maharashtra 86 12 Odisha 99 13 Punjab 103 14 Tamil Nadu 110 15 Telangana 116 16 Uttar Pradesh 149 17 West Bengal 159 18 Uttar Pradesh (Ghaghraghat-2018) 169 Acknowledgement 173 Production Oriented Survey-2019 Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IIRR Production Oriented Survey-2019 SUMMARY Production oriented survey is conducted by a team of subject matter experts (from different state agricutltural universities and ICAR Insstitutes) along with officials from state department of agriculture with an objective to collect information on different aspects of rice cultivation from different rice growing states of India. The survey is based on both eye-ball survey and questionnaire based survey. The different aspects that are covered in the survey are prevailing climatic conditions for rice cultivation, varietal profile in a particular region, extent of use of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers, occurrence of different biotic and abiotic problems and their management and various needs of the farmers and problems faced by the farmers. During 2019, the survey was conducted in 16 states of India viz., Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattishgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal by 17 AICRIP centres. Scientific staffs from the different cooperating centres and officials from state department of agriculture surveyed 116 districts in 16 states. The seasonal (June-September) rainfall over the country as a whole was 110% of its long period average (LPA). Seasonal rainfall over northwest India, central India, south Peninsula and northeast (NE) India were 98%, 129%, 116% and 88% of respective LPA. Out of the total 36 meteorological subdivisions, 19 subdivisions constituting 54% of the total area of the country received normal seasonal rainfall, 10 subdivisions received excess rainfall (22% of the total area), 5 divisions (15% of the total area) received deficient seasonal rainfall and 2 subdivisions (8% of the total area) received large excess rainfall. Monthly rainfall over the country as a whole was 67% of LPA in June, 105% of LPA in July, 115% of LPA in August and 152% of LPA in September. During the season, 2 cyclonic storms viz., ‘Vayu’ (during June, 2019) and ‘Hikka’ (during August, 2019) formed over the Arabian sea. Predominant rice varieties cultivated by the farmers in different states are presented in Table 2. The prevalence of different diseases and insect pests in different rice growing regions of India is presented in Table 3 and Table 4. Hybrid rice varieties occupied a significant area in states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Chhattishgarh, Gujarat and Bihar and its area is increasing in states like Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and West Bengal. The major problems faced by the farmers were shortage of agricultural labours and their high wages and irrigation water. Many farmers from different states also expressed problem of timely availability of seeds of different hybrids, availability of different inputs in time, farm mechanization (on hire basis/custom hiring), market facility and farm loan. Diseases like blast, neck blast, sheath blight, brown spot, sheath rot, false smut, grain discoloration and bacterial blight were very widespread almost throughout India. High incidence of bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak were observed in some areas of Karnataka. Severe blast was reported from many districts of Telangana during Rabi season, 2020. The insect pests like stem borer, leaf folder and BPH were widespread throughout India. High incidence of BPH was recorded in parts of Kerala. 1 Production Oriented Survey-2019 Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IIRR Andhra Pradesh: Production oriented survey was conducted in West Godavari and Krishna districts of Andhra Pradesh during milk to maturity stage of the crop. All mandals of West Godavari and Krishna has canal irrigation system from river Godavari and Krishna. General climatic conditions were normal for rice cultivation. Swarna was the leading variety in West Godavari district. The other varieties cultivated were MTU 1064, MTU 1061, PLA 1100, MTU 1010, MTU 1121, MTU 1229, MTU 1001, MTU 1071, MTU 1075, BPT 5204, Sampath, MTU 1156, MTU 1153 and MTU 3626 in West Godavari district. While MTU 1061 and BPT 5204 were the leading varieties in Krishna district. The other varieties were BPT 2231, MTU 7029, MTU 1075, Sampada, NLR 4001, MTU 1121, MTU 1224, MTU 1156, MTU 1239, NP 9558, MTU 1010, MTU 1153, MTU 1229, MTU 1064, BPT 1032, MCM -103, NLR 34449, IRR 93R, JGL, RNR 15028 and MTU 1226. Rice-rice and rice-pulses were the major cropping sequences observed in the region. Majority of the farmers have gone for manual random planting. In some areas, direct sowing and machine planting was observed. Most of the farmers are applying fertilizers as per the recommended dose in West Godavari district, However, few farmers are applying more than the recommended dose. Weed infestation is Low to High in many mandals of West Godavari and Krishna districts. Average seed rate for normal planting was 50-80 kg/ha and very less farmers adopted seed treatment. Commonly observed weeds were Echinocloa colonum, Marsilia quadrifolia, E. crusgalli, Cyprus rotundus, C.iria, Cyanodon dactylon, Monochoria vaginalis, Pistia, Eclipta alba, E. prostrata, Eichhornia crassipes and Alternanthra sessalis, Commelina bengalensis, Ammamia baccifera, Bergia maanioides, Phyla nodulosa and Mullugo spp. Farmers used different weedicides in addition to hand weeding. Intensity of most of the diseases and insect pests was low to moderate. Some of the common needs of the farmers were subsidy on small implements, timely availability of inputs, minimum support price and irrigation facilities. Farmers expressed the need of non-lodging varieties for better performance in submerged conditions. Bihar-1: Production oriented survey was conducted in Rohtas district of Bihar when the crops were in grain filling to maturity stage. The fields surveyed were under irrigated ecosystem. The commonly grown varieties were high yielding varieties like Swarna (MTU 70290, Samba Mahsuri (BPT 5204), Rajendra Sweta, Rajendra Mahsuri and others and hybrids like Arize 6444. Some farmers cultivated local rice variety Sonachur for its taste. Common crop rotations followed by the farmers were rice-wheat, rice-potato and other vegetables, rice pulse and rice- toria. Most of the planting was done during the month of July. Average seed rate was 25-30 kg/ha and the cooperator reported that farmers followed seed treatment with carbendazim (2 g/kg). Most of the farmers applied FYM both in the nursery and in the main field (up to 5 t/ha). In the main fields, fertilizers were applied @ 100 kg N/ha, 50 kg P2O5/ha and 40 kg K2O/ha. Some farmers also applied zinc sulphate @ 20 kg/ha. The intensity of common weeds like Cyperus rotundus and Echinochloa colona was medium. Hand weeding was common practice among the farmers though some farmers applied herbicides like butachlor or pretilachlor. Incidences of Oryzae sativa var. fatua was recorded in some fields. Some of the common needs of the farmers were proper irrigation facility and regular supply of electricity. Farmers used implements like tractor, power tiller, rotavator and combined harvester mainly on hire basis. Canal and shallow tube wells were the main source of irrigation and diesel was main source of power for different agricultural operations. Intensity of most of the pests and diseases was low except false smut and bacterial blight were recorded in higher intensity in some of the fields. 2 Production Oriented Survey-2019 Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IIRR Bihar-2: Production oriented survey was conducted in three districts of Bihar viz., Samastipur, Muzaffarpur and Vaishali during the cropping season. In the early part of the season, rainfall was less. Commonly cultivated varieties were HYVs like Rajendra Bhagwati, Rajendra Sweta, Rajendra Mansuri, Sugandha, Swarna, Rajendra Nilam, Rajendra Kasturi, Rajshree, BPT 5204, MTU 7029, Rajendra Subhasini and Dhanalaxmi and hybrids like Hybrid-644, Hybrid-6201, Hybrid-27P37, Hybrid-2731, PHB-71, 27P-31, Arize-6444, Pusa RH-10, Arize-6129, JK-401, AZ-6453, AZ-8433DT and NK-147221. Common crop rotations followed by the farmers were rice-wheat, rice-mustard, rice-rabi maize, rice-potato etc. Average rice yield ranged from 3500- 6000 kg/ha in case of hybrids and HYVs and about 3000 kg/ha in case of local varieties. Farmers are showing increasing interest on hybrid rice cultivation. Planting was mostly done during July. Average seed rate was 25-30 kg/ha. Most of the farmers applied FYM, vermicompost and other organic manure both in the nursery and in the main field in addition to chemical fertilizers. Planting was random and many farmers are showing interest in direct sowing due to drought or less rainfall during early part of the season. Intensity of common weeds like Ipomoea spp., Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon was low to medium. Hand weeding was common practice among the farmers and some progressive farmers applied weedicides like butachlor, 2,4- D, pendemethylene, Nominee Gold, Adora and others.
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