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ERDC TR-07-1, Characterization and Fate of Gun and Rocket Propellant

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ERDC TR-07-1, Characterization and Fate of Gun and Rocket Propellant ERDC TR-07-1 ERDC TR-07-1 Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Characterization and Fate of Gun and Rocket Propellant Residues on Testing and Training Ranges: Interim Report 1 Thomas F. Jenkins, Judith C. Pennington, Guy Ampleman, January 2007 Sonia Thiboutot, Michael R. Walsh, Emmanuela Diaz, Katerina M. Dontsova, Alan D. Hewitt, Marianne E. Walsh, Susan R. Bigl, Susan Taylor, Denise K. MacMillan, Jay L. Clausen, Dennis Lambert, Nancy M. Perron, Marie Claude Lapointe, Sylvie Brochu, Marc Brassard, Rob Stowe, Roccio Farinaccio, Annie Gagnon, Andre Marois, Denis Gilbert, Dominic Faucher, Sally Yost, Charlotte Hayes, Charles A. Ramsey, Richard J. Rachow, Jon E. Zufelt, Charles M. Collins, Arthur B. Gelvin, and Stephanie P. Saari Engineer Research Engineer Research Center and Development Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Strategic Environmental Research and ERDC TR-07-1 Development Program January 2007 Characterization and Fate of Gun and Rocket Propellant Residues on Testing and Training Ranges: Interim Report 1 Thomas F. Jenkins, Michael R. Walsh, Alan D. Hewitt, Marianne E. Walsh, Susan R. Bigl, Susan Taylor, Jay L. Clausen, Dennis Lambert, Nancy M. Perron, Richard J. Rachow, Jon E. Zufelt, Charles M. Collins, Arthur B. Gelvin, and Stephanie P. Saari Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 72 Lyme Road Hanover, NH 03755-1290 Judith C. Pennington, Katerina M Dontsova, Sally Yost, Charlotte Hayes, and Denise K. MacMillan Environmental Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Guy Ampleman, Sonia Thiboutot, Emmanuela Diaz, Marie Claude Lapointe, Sylvie Brochu, Marc Brassard, Rob Stowe, Roccio Farinaccio, Annie Gagnon, Andre Marois, Denis Gilbert, and Dominic Faucher Defence R&D Canada–Valcartier 2459 Pie-XI Blvd North Québec, Quebec G3J 1X5 CANADA Charles A. Ramsey EnviroStat, Inc. PO Box 636 Fort Collins, CO 80522 Interim Report 1 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Arlington, Virginia 22203 ii ERDC TR-07-1 Abstract: The objectives of the research described in this report are to characterize the deposition and accumulation of propellant residues at the various types of firing points at military firing ranges, develop process descriptors to allow estimation of environ- mental transport rates of individual energetic chemicals from these residues, and collect lysimeter and groundwater monitoring well samples to experimentally assess off-site transport of residues. Estimates of residue deposition are presented for the firing of 60- and 81-mm mortars and 105-mm howitzers. Experimental results are provided for propellant residue accumulation at antitank rocket, mortar, artillery, and small arms ranges at several installations. Results from soil column experiments on the transport of nitro- glycerin, nitroguanidine, and diphenylamine also are presented with resulting transport property estimates. Also, an experiment to assess the deposition of ammonium perchlorate from Mk58 rocket motors is described. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC TR-07-1 iii Contents Figures and Tables.................................................................................................................................vi Preface....................................................................................................................................................xi 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................1-1 Background ...........................................................................................................................1-1 Gun and small rocket propellant formulations ............................................................1-1 Larger rocket propellants ..............................................................................................1-6 Previous research on propellant residues at military ranges .............................................1-6 Scope of project ....................................................................................................................1-8 Objectives ..............................................................................................................................1-9 References...........................................................................................................................1-11 2 Energetic Residues Deposition from 60-mm and 81-mm Mortars .......................................2-1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................2-1 Background ...........................................................................................................................2-1 Field tests ..............................................................................................................................2-2 Field site .........................................................................................................................2-2 Munitions........................................................................................................................2-4 Tests................................................................................................................................2-7 Sampling method.........................................................................................................2-10 Sample processing and analysis.................................................................................2-14 Results .................................................................................................................................2-17 Background samples ...................................................................................................2-17 Firing points..................................................................................................................2-17 Burn points...................................................................................................................2-23 Impact points................................................................................................................2-25 Discussion ...........................................................................................................................2-29 Conclusions .........................................................................................................................2-33 References...........................................................................................................................2-35 Appendix 2-A: Munitions data.............................................................................................2-38 Appendix 2-B: Firing point data ..........................................................................................2-39 Appendix 2-C: Burn point data............................................................................................2-41 Appendix 2-D: Impact point sample data...........................................................................2-42 3 Sampling of Various Types of Firing Point Areas for Propellant Residues at Several Army Installations .......................................................................................................................3-1 Abstract..................................................................................................................................3-1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................3-1 Objectives ..............................................................................................................................3-3 Methods.................................................................................................................................3-3 Soil sample collection at Yakima Training Center ........................................................3-3 iv ERDC TR-07-1 Sample collection at Fort Lewis (FL), Washington .....................................................3-11 Sample collection at Fort Benning (FB), Georgia.......................................................3-21 Soil sample processing................................................................................................3-21 Results and discussion .......................................................................................................3-24 QA/QC...........................................................................................................................3-24 Antitank rocket ranges.................................................................................................3-31 40-mm grenade firing areas .......................................................................................3-42
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