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Department of Atmospheric Science Volume 4, December 2008

Greetings, Alumni New Faculty Join Department and Friends! Sue van den Heever “I would describe my research areas elcome to our 2008 as convective , mesoscale annual newsletter. We modeling, and aerosol impacts,” Whave witnessed major says Sue van den Heever. Her changes in the Department in primary research interest is the the past few years, highlighted investigation of convective storms. by the arrival of five new faculty: She uses numerical models in order Takamitsu Ito in 2007 and Colette to better understand such systems. Heald, Eric Maloney, Sue van den She is also researching the impact Heever, and Thomas Birner in 2008. of aerosols on the microphysical This exceptional group of new and properties of faculty brings to the Department a these storms, as well as on the broad range of expertise in both the dynamics, including the severity of oceanic and atmospheric sciences. a storm and the strength of the updraft. Their research activities are featured in both this and last year’s Van den Heever’s research goals include simulating systems editions of the newsletter. like storms, squall lines, and mesoscale convective Foremost among the milestones of the past year have been systems in order to further understand the relationships between continued, significant research advances in our field associated storm dynamics and microphysics and the role of the cold pool with the completion of 18 master’s and 14 doctoral degrees in in such systems. A related research focus is to enhance our 2008. Exciting data continue to pour in from CloudSat, now into understanding of the impact of dust and aerosols on severe its third year of operation. The Center for Multiscale Modeling convective storms and their feedbacks using -resolving of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) is making major strides models. in representing the effects of in global models. Van den Heever flew as a flight scientist in the P3 into storms Ground was broken in 2008 on a new building to house over Florida. The field program she participated in was called CMMAP scientists and staff. The NSF CHILL National “CRYSTAL FACE” and was sponsored by NASA. Van den Heever facility in Greeley upgraded its antenna to allow improved participated in the program over a period of several weeks. “We detection of storms and precipitation. The , aerosol, were bounced around, it was very interesting and exciting,” says and cloud groups are making headway on difficult Van den Heever. While they were making flights into storms, problems through field campaigns, there was a Saharan dust event in Florida. “We were fortunate, laboratory work, and numerical modeling. Finally, 2008 has seen we had and dust. Not only did we get to examine the the Community Collaborative , , and Network characteristics of tropical convective storms, we also got to look (CoCoRaHS) grow to 36 states and more than 10,000 observers. at the impact of Saharan dust on those storms,” says Van den Atmospheric Science students, staff, and faculty continue to Heever. advance the frontiers in many areas of our field. Our graduates Van den Heever earned her M.S. at the University of the continue to find challenging leadership positions around the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. She came to country and world. I invite all graduates and friends to attend the Colorado State initially because of the work Bill Cotton was Atmospheric Science Reception at the AMS Annual Meeting on doing in the area of severe storms and cloud resolving models. Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2009, 5:30-8:00 p.m., in . Van den Heever earned her Ph.D. at CSU in 2001. She admits to a lifelong interest in weather, beginning at age three when she asked her mother, “Why do the clouds stay up in the sky, why don’t they fall down?” Richard Johnson continued on Page 2

Alumni Reception Join us for the Atmospheric Science Alumni Reception in Phoenix, Ariz., Jan. 13, 2009, during the AMS Annual Meeting. See old friends, catch up with faculty members, and have a great time during an evening of hors d’oeuvres and drinks from 5:30-8:00 p.m. at the Hyatt Regency Phoenix, in the Cowboy Artist Room. New Faculty Join Department continued from Page 1

Colette Heald “One of my overarching research goals is a better Colette Heald’s research focus understanding of what controls tropical precipitation, why is bringing together models and precipitation occurs in one area and not in another. Our climate observations to better understand models don’t do particularly well in simulating some aspects atmospheric composition as it of tropical precipitation. Improving our model simulations is relates to climate and air quality. one of my goals, and this includes a strong interest in / “As an atmospheric chemist, I atmospheric interactions,” says Maloney. am interested in how gases and Maloney earned his Ph.D. at the University of Washington, particles get into the atmosphere, Seattle. “I was attracted to Colorado State’s Department of how they are transformed and Atmospheric Science by the overall quality of the faculty and lost, and their ultimate impact on graduate students here,” says Maloney. Maloney was also air quality and the global climate attracted to CSU by the CMMAP Project. One of CMMAP’s system. This involves understanding goals is to improve the parameterization of clouds in climate both the natural atmosphere and models. how human activities have perturbed this system. To learn about Maloney said he became fascinated with weather growing the composition of the atmosphere, I use observations from up as a kid. “I grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, a place of , aircraft, and ground stations to try to understand what interesting weather extremes. It has , hail, – processes are missing from our state-of-the-art models,” says I once videotaped a from my own front yard,” says Heald. Maloney. Heald’s research goals are to advance our understanding of the global composition of the atmosphere and to investigate Thomas Birner the interactions between the and atmospheric Thomas Birner’s main research composition. interest is in the global tropopause Heald is from Canada, and her undergraduate work was in region. This is the area of engineering at Queen’s University. She earned her Ph.D. intersection between the turbulent in and from Harvard in 2005, and she was troposphere and the stably stratified a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellow at the stratosphere. University of California at Berkeley. “This is a very delicate region Heald says she came to CSU because, “the Department of that is only a few kilometers thick Atmospheric Science has a very strong graduate program. There and has distinctive chemical and are a large number of talented people here at one location. It dynamical characteristics. For makes for an exciting environment in which to do research.” example, the tropical tropopause Heald credits her sister’s work in aerospace engineering with determines how much water inspiring her to pursue a career in the engineering sciences. It vapor gets into the stratosphere and this water vapor is a very was a internship, working for an atmospheric scientist important greenhouse gas,” says Birner. at the University of Toronto, that prompted her interest in “My approach is to look at the tropical tropopause, from the atmospheric science. top down. I want to understand what’s happening lower down to “We have so much to learn about the processes controlling see how it affects what’s higher up. I’d like to understand why we the composition of the atmosphere, and there are so many have such a layer and what the dynamics of that layer are,” says exciting problems to work on. In addition, atmospheric science Birner. impacts people and their lives, and there is a real need for people Birner is from Germany, completed his Ph.D. at the University to understand how the atmosphere works. This is what energizes of Munich and did research at the German Aerospace Center. He me about coming to work in the morning,” says Heald. did postdoctoral work at the University of Toronto in Canada where he worked on cloud resolving simulations, among other Eric Maloney research topics. “I would call myself a tropical Birner said he was attracted to Colorado State by the meteorologist. Much of my focus prominent strength of the Department, in particular Dave has been on a subseasonal time Thompson’s work. “I also had a chance to meet Wayne Schubert. scale variability, hurricanes, and El Like many other faculty members, Thompson and Schubert are Nino.” Eric Maloney worked on the both widely known and outstanding at what they are doing. I tropical subseasonal variability of think the Department of Atmospheric Science is a great place, winds and precipitation that occur and I thought I should give it a try,” says Birner. on 30- to 60-day time scales, when Birner is in the process of relocating his family from he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Germany. He and his wife, Katrin, have a two-year-old daughter, National Center for Atmospheric and seven months ago, they became the proud parents of triplets, Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo., two boys and one girl. “We won the lottery, but not the lottery from 2000 to 2002. one expects,” says Birner.

2 Department of Atmospheric Science Student Fellowships Thank You to the Following and Awards 2008-2009 2007-2008 Benefactors Alumni Award: Eric Hendricks Robert F. and Katherine J. Adler Dr. David A. Matthews Brian T. and Evgenyia P. Alworth Carl A. McElroy Ball Aerospace Fellowship: Bonne Ford Alan C. and Marilyn Anderson Thomas B. and Lee H. McKee CEAS Fellowship: Nick Guy William R. Barchet Brian A. Moore Nick Parazoo Charles F. and Doris M. Chappell Montie M. and Carol N. Orgill Kelley Wells Harold L. and Florence E. Cole Dr. Ronald L. and EPA Fellowship: Amy Butler Christopher C. Collimore Katherine K. Petersen Ronald W. and Connie L. Phelps Herbert Riehl Award: Nick Parazoo Cynthia L. Combs Angela Rowe Donald A. Dazlich, Jr. David S. Renne and Ceri B. Dean Paulette Middleton NASA Fellowship: Matt Lebsock Richard W. Dellenbach J. Owen Rhea Joe Munchak Peter C. and Mary H. Sinclair Erica McGrath-Spangler Paul W. Dillon Roger T. Edson and Tracy L. Smith NCAR Fellowship: Michelle Harrold Chung Suk Kim Derek J. and Katherine H. Straub Shrake Culler Scholarship: Kevin Grise Daniel C. and Jodie A. Edwards Thomas E. Taylor Kelley Wells Dr. Russell L. and Linda L. Kaye C. Thackerson Daniel Ward Elsberry Bruce W. and Jane Thompson David Lerach Jason C. Furtado Stanley B. Trier Alliance for Graduate Education and Isaac Medina Lewis O. Grant Susan C. Van Den Heever the Professoriate (AGEP) Fellowship: Thomas J. Greenwald John C. and Terry A. Vimont Dr. Robert L. Grossman Joseph S. Wakefield Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Mandy Holden Education (ORISE) Fellowship: Benjamin C. Hablutzel Douglas A. Wesley and George R. Heuer Sandra J. Schneider Glen C. and Kay Jensen Thomas G. and Pamela J. Wills Dr. Richard H. and Paul G. Wolyn LaVonne J. Johnson Sam and Marge Woodruff CoCoRaHS Update Christopher W. Landsea, Ph.D., William M. and Jeanne Worthy and Donna M. Bahr-Landsea Raymond M. Zehr The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Peter F. Lester Network (CoCoRaHS; http://www.cocorahs.org) is an Merle L. and Shirley R. Lord American International Group, informal science education project in which volunteers John R., Sr. and Inc. work together to measure, map, and track patterns of Barbara J. Lunsford Hewlett-Packard Company rainfall, hail and snow. As of September 2008, 35 states Roland A. and Mary A. Madden MAC Foundation and the District of Columbia have joined the CoCoRaHS network with more than 10,000 active volunteers trained in the collection of precipitation measurements. These measurements help to fill the huge gaps between weather observing sites. CoCoRaHS precipitation data are used In Memoriam by a variety of local, state, and federal agencies for applications ranging from flood forecasting (National Odie Bliss passed away on Sunday, Aug. 24, 2008. Odie was Weather Service) to drought monitoring (USDA). an integral part of the Colorado Climate Center and is missed greatly by her co-workers, family, and friends. She came to the University in 1974 and started working in the Department of Atmospheric Science in 1978. Colorado Climate Center’s New Web Site The Colorado Climate Center, in cooperation with the National Weather Service, is unveiling a new web site, http://climatetrends. colostate.edu. This site includes historic observations from www.atmos.colostate.edu stations in Colorado as far back as the 1880s. It also includes current monthly climate charts and summaries for specific Editors: Jamie Schmidt and Allecia Von der Embse weather station locations.

WINTER 2008-2009 3 CSU Boasts One of World’s Most Advanced

By Pat Kennedy and Steven Rutledge. Photos courtesy of Pat Kennedy and John Eisele, CSU Photography.

new, custom-designed The larger inertial moments of the offset feed antenna dual offset Gregorian required modifications to the pedestal’s motion control system. Aantenna was installed Satisfactory control of the elevation axis motion was still being on the CSU-CHILL radar refined when developed in the late-morning during the late 2007 to hours of May 22, 2008. On this date, a major tornado struck early 2008 time period. In the town of Windsor, Colo., and subsequently continued on an general, offset feed type unusual northwestward track toward the foothills of the Rocky antenna designs remove the Mountains north of Fort Collins. As the magnitude of the event microwave feed horn and its became apparent, the new antenna was mechanically braked at a associated structural support fixed elevation angle, and the radar was brought online for data members from the main collection in single-sweep, PPI-scan mode. lobe of the radiation pattern. Data were collected on the later stages of the supercell This significantly reduces that had produced the Windsor tornado the undesired redirection (Photo 4). By June 2008, the CSU-CHILL radar had become fully of some of the transmitted Photo 1 operational with the new antenna. The collection of test data power into off-axis directions. with the new antenna is continuing (Photo 5). Such “sidelobe” radiation promotes data contamination when Additional information on recent activities at the CSU-CHILL the radar is viewing areas with high-reflectivity gradients in the National Radar Facility is available via an online newsletter cross-beam direction (i.e., near-surface scans adjacent to strong at http://chill.colostate.edu/w/CHILL_Newsletter_2007. ground clutter targets; observations immediately above intense thunderstorm echo tops, etc.). The new CSU-CHILL antenna is the first implementation of offset feed antenna technology to an S-Band, dual-polarization meteorological radar anywhere in the ‘Virtual Chill’ Brings CHILL world. to the Classroom The new antenna was initially assembled at the Greeley, Colo., radar site in December 2007 (following design and “Virtual Chill” (VCHILL) is a system that makes CHILL radar manufacturing at Radiation Systems, Inc., in Kilgore, Texas). data available over the Internet. Both archived data files from Photo 1 was taken during the antenna assembly process; the past events and the real time data stream can be displayed to offsetting of the trusswork feed support boom below the beam remotely located VCHILL users. The significance of this is that axis of the main reflector is apparent. users no longer need to physically be at the radar site in order The physical size of the new antenna required the installation to easily interact with the data. In recent years, an increasing of a new concrete base and larger protective radome. The new number of educational users at other institutions – North radome was installed on Feb. 19, 2008, when suitably light Carolina State University, Texas A&M, and the University surface winds prevailed (Photo 2). of Illinois, for example – have used VCHILL in their radar One of the final steps, the installation of an FAA obstruction and remote sensing courses. Through the VCHILL light at the top of the 63-foot-high dome, is pictured in Photo 3. connection, pictures of the CHILL radar’s various components The dome provides a protected operating environment for the can be brought into the classroom. More information about new antenna. VCHILL can be found at www.chill.colostate.edu/w/VCHILL.

Photo 2 Photo 3 Photo 4 Photo 5

4 Department of Atmospheric Science CIRA CHANGES LEADERSHIP Vonder Haar Steps Graeme Stephens: Down as CIRA Head CIRA’s New Director Thomas Vonder Haar, “CIRA is entering a new era,” professor and director of Graeme Stephens says. “I see the Cooperative Institute for CIRA building on its strong Research in the Atmosphere foundation rooted in (CIRA) for 28 years, has meteorology and moving handed the reins of CIRA over into new areas of discovery. to Professor Graeme Stephens. There will be new activities Vonder Haar was the founding in support of the NOAA director of CIRA in 1980 mission and new, exciting during the period of his service opportunities for expanding as head of the Department of the understanding of how Atmospheric Science for 10 our environment is changing years, 1974-1984. around us.” CIRA was established with One of Stephens’ first tasks the realization that complex as director is to accomplish questions in weather, climate, and related disciplines require a a “re-competition” process. “CIRA is a cooperative institute multidisciplinary team approach. Vonder Haar and a number serving NOAA science,” he says. NOAA now requires all existing of atmospheric science faculty had worked with the National cooperative institutes to compete in order to continue their Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in earlier cooperative institute status. years. These affiliations influenced the purpose of CIRA, which Looking into the future, Stephens says, “CIRA will move into is to increase the interaction and effectiveness in atmospheric more compelling areas where water issues and climate intersect.” research between NOAA and Colorado State University. CIRA’s CIRA is also building a strong effort to monitor the ’s carbon research products have helped scientists around the globe cycle and plays a lead role in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory understand atmospheric changes that affect . (OCO), a satellite to be launched in early 2009. “We seek to strike a Vonder Haar also served as project scientist on the Earth partnership that brings together the advanced observing capabilities Radiation Budget Satellite, which was the first NASA science of CIRA with the Earth System Modeling efforts that are taking satellite launched from the Challenger shuttle. He was place within NOAA and elsewhere,” says Stephens. elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2003 for his The next generation of CloudSat, called Aerosol Cloud work on fundamental analysis of the earth’s radiation balance (ACE), is already on the drawing board and is planned for 2020. A and its impact on climate. Vonder Haar used satellites European mission, EarthCare, which is to bridge the gap between to make and publish the first global observations of earth’s CloudSat and ACE, is to be launched in 2013. The ACE project is thermal engine, a phenomenon that drives all the winds and the much larger in scope than CloudSat. It’s too large for a university ocean currents – a breakthrough measurement for understanding to lead the entire effort, so it’s being developed by NASA. “ACE earth’s climate. grew out of a proposal I submitted to the National Academy of Reviewing CIRA’s many achievements over the years, Vonder Sciences, which is in charge of defining future missions for NOAA Haar says, “The one thing I’m happiest about – and this may and NASA. ACE was adopted and is now in the planning stages sound a little corny – is creating opportunity for other scientists, at NASA. CIRA and the Department of Atmospheric Science faculty, and students. I believe in creating the opportunities for will remain very much involved and will provide the scientific them and then giving them free rein to explore.” leadership for this future project,” says Stephens. One of 12 Colorado State University Distinguished Professors, Vonder Haar’s numerous awards include the American Meteorological Society Second Half Century (Charney) Award. He is the current chairman of the Interdisciplinary Engineering CloudSat Update Section of the National Academy of Engineering. As CloudSat reached its second anniversary, “scientific discoveries Under Vonder Haar’s leadership, the CIRA team has won from the CloudSat data are coming in faster than typical Earth multiple awards for service to such agencies as NOAA, NASA, missions at such an early stage. There have been 120 peer-reviewed the National Park Service, and the U.S. Department of Defense. scientific papers published that principally use CloudSat data. The Most recently, NASA honored CIRA with a Public Service Group data are also being used operationally by the U.S. Coast Guard and Achievement Award for processing data that is critical to getting other agencies that require detailed cloud information. The data CloudSat’s information on the characteristics of clouds to the are being distributed to more than 40 countries worldwide and are international science community. being sought by major science governing bodies like the WCRP and IPCC. This is a clear indication of the high value placed on these measurements by scientific institutions,” said Stephens.

WINTER 2008-2009 5 Faculty and Staff Milestone Years of Service as of 2008 5 years of service 15 years of service Joon-Hee Jung Ross Heikes Celal Konor Natalie Tourville Mark Ringerud 20 years of service Wendy Ryan Don Dazlich Thomas Taylor David Randall Julian Turner Steve Rutledge 10 years of service 25 years of service William Cheng Nan McClurg Tom Cram Scott Denning 30 years of service Taehyoung Lee Judy Gueswel Hurricane Katrina Brian McNoldy Hewlett-Packard Gives Support Graduates of Atmospheric Science Hewlett-Packard has donated high-end workstations to enhance efforts in the Department of Atmospheric Spring 2008 Graduates Science. The eight workstations will benefit Professor Wayne Name Adviser Degree Schubert’s hurricane research group. They will allow the group Rebecca Adams R. Johnson M.S. to run the complex hurricane models needed for their research. Brant Dodson T. Vonder Haar M.S. Katherine Thayer-Calder D. Randall M.S. The HP xw8600 computers each feature two Intel Xeon quad- Maike Ahlgrimm D. Randall Ph.D. core processors, 16 gigabytes of memory, 3 terabytes of hard disk John Haynes G. Stephens Ph.D. storage, exceptional graphics capabilities, and 24-inch monitors. Kirsten Koehler S. Kreidenweis Ph.D. Russ Schumacher R. Johnson Ph.D.

Summer 2008 Graduates L’Ecuyer Cited for Contributions Name Adviser Degree Melissa Burt D. Randall M.S Tristan L’Ecuyer, research Janice Bytheway K. Kummerow M.S. scientist, was cited by the Chelsea Corr S. Kreidenweis M.S. American Geophysical Union “for Richard Cullin S. Rutledge M.S. consistently providing constructive Kristen George S. Rutledge M.S. Taryn Haladay G. Stephens M.S. and thoughtful reviews.” The Erica McGrath-Spangler S. Denning M.S. reviewing or refereeing process is Gabriela Mora Rojas W. Schubert M.S. an essential part of cutting-edge Aaron Schwartz T. Vonder Haar M.S. scientific discovery. Peer review Laura Ciasto D. Thompson Ph.D. is the measure of relevance and Katherine Corbin S. Denning Ph.D. significance in the work of scientific Todd Ellis G. Stephens Ph.D. advancement. Eric Hendricks W. Schubert Ph.D. Daniel Lindsey R. Johnson Ph.D. L’Ecuyer received his Ph.D. Matthew Rogers G. Stephens Ph.D. at CSU in 2001 and is now a Michael Toy D. Randall Ph.D. Colorado State University research scientist. L’Ecuyer’s area of specialization is using satellite measurements to understand the Fall 2008 Graduates role of clouds and precipitation in . “Modeling Name Adviser Degree changes in clouds and precipitation represents a particularly Katie Beem J. Collett M.S. important issue in predicting the impact of human activity on Anna Harper S. Denning M.S. Amanda Holden J. Collett M.S. our environment,” says L’Ecuyer. Eric James R. Johnson M.S. L’Ecuyer uses global data collected by several NASA satellites Ezra Levin S. Kreidenweis M.S. to evaluate model simulations of the earth’s climate. The data Laurie Mack S. Kreidenweis M.S. area then used to improve our ability to forecast climate change. Gavin McMeeking S. Kreidenweis Ph.D. “Accurate predictions of the environmental consequences of Gustavo Pereira S. Rutledge Ph.D. our actions are essential for policy makers whose decisions have Anita Rapp C. Kummerow Ph.D. social, economic, and environmental implications,” says L’Ecuyer.

6 Department of Atmospheric Science Faculty Awards Graeme Stephens Wins Awards Dave Thompson Wins American University Distinguished Meteorological Society Award Professor Graeme Stephens has won the NASA Exceptional Public Service Medal. This award was presented in recognition of his exceptional scientific leadership for the CloudSat mission and for his visionary promotion of combined active and passive measurements for atmospheric research. Also this year, Stephens has won the International Radiation Commission Gold Medal, presented by the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, for his contributions to the radiation science community. Dave Thompson received the Meisinger Award from Walter Dabberdt, president of the American Meteorological Society. Jeff Collett Wins 2008 The Meisinger Award was given in recognition of Thompson’s Professor of the Year Award “insightful analysis of the variability of importance to climate and weather.” Jeff Collett is the recipient of the Professor of the Year Award for 2008. Each year, the graduate students in the Department select the ATS-WEST Under faculty member they feel best Construction exemplifies the ideal professor both inside and outside the classroom. The award was presented to Collett at the annual new student picnic at City Park in Fort Collins on Sept. 5.

Sonia Kreidenweis Wins Outstanding Faculty Award Professor Sonia Kreidenweis won the College of Engineering George T. Abell Outstanding Colorado State has begun construction on the new Teaching and Service Faculty 13,000-square-foot building that will host approximately 50 Award. This award was CMMAP team members. presented to Kreidenweis at The Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric a ceremony at the University Processes (CMMAP) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for the Arts on Science and Technology Center (STC) in the Department of April 10. Kreidenweis was Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University. The center, honored for exceptional, directed by Professor David Randall, is focused on improving the sustained contributions to the representation of cloud processes in climate models. Department of Atmospheric The project involves the participation of many other Science in the areas of teaching, investigators and educators around the country and in Canada, advising, and service. Japan, England, and Australia.

WINTER 2008-2009 7 NONPROFIT Department of Atmospheric Science ORGANIZATION 117 Atmospheric Science Building U.S. POSTAGE 1371 Campus Delivery PAID Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1371 Permit Number 19

Incoming Graduate Students Fall 2008 Name Adviser (M.S./Ph.D.) Undergraduate University Beth Stuckmeyer Rutledge (M.S.) Valparaiso University Nick Guy Rutledge (Ph.D.) San Jose State University Geoff Krall Cotton (M.S.) Baylor University Kathryn Boyd Kummerow (M.S.) University of Washington Veljko Petkovic Kummerow (M.S.) University of Belgrade Bonne Ford Heald (M.S.) Valparaiso University Gena Renninger Heald (M.S.) Pennsylvania State University Kelly Howell Vonder Haar (M.S.) Davidson College Jessica Ram Vonder Haar (M.S.) Pennsylvania State University Eric Guillot Vonder Haar (M.S.) Lyndon State College Yohei Takano Ito (M.S.) Tokai University Gus Alaka Maloney (M.S.) University of Michigan – Ann Arbor Gabriel Williams Schubert (Ph.D.) Morehouse College Jesse Steinweg-Woods Johnson (M.S.) Pennsylvania State University Matt Christensen Stephens (Ph.D.) Oregon State University David Henderson Stephens (M.S.) Pennsylvania State University Parker Kraus Denning (M.S.) Colorado College Isaac Medina Denning (M.S.) Texas Tech University Jeremiah Sjoberg Birner (M.S.) University of Nebraska Steve Brown Collett (Ph.D.) University of California, San Diego

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