DOCSLIB.ORG

2011.08.12 Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Practices of Ecological Citizenship: Global Dreams for a Chinese Village by Shannon Kathleen May A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Liu Xin, Chair Professor Harrison Fraker Professor Martin Jay Professor Aihwa Ong Professor Paul Rabinow Fall 2011 Copyright by Shannon Kathleen May 2011 Abstract Practices of Ecological Citizenship: Global Dreams for a Chinese Village by Shannon Kathleen May Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Liu Xin, Chair In a small rural village in the mountains of Northeastern China, a transnational assemblage is building an internationally lauded eco-city. Examining the global dreams for a green “sustainable community” in Huangbaiyu Village opens up a window on to the science of global warming and the ecological rationality to which it gives rise. Taking the site of Huangbaiyu not as a bounded physical location, but a nodal point through which multiple logics, values, and persons converge, I ask: What type of self and society do the structures of the eco-city shape through its spaces of inhabitance and systems of survival? The construction of an eco-city is itself more than a built environment; it is a physical manifestation of a system of values and a record of power. In the name of a shared community of fate, new assemblages of authority and practices of governance are emerging. As scientific models ground political discourse, the name through which authority to act upon a population is invoked is no longer only the state, but also the planet, in which every person has a vested interest and for which every person is responsible. Under these terms, everyday practices of living become subject to judgment, transformation and discipline by persons never met in the name of protecting the planet. In China, the uncertainties of global climate change align with national anxieties over the “three rural problems”: agriculture, farmers, and the countryside. In the name of sustainable development, the villagers of Huangbaiyu are again becoming the object of alien ends. This time it is market consolidation, not Communist collectivization that is re-ordering value in the countryside. In the name of protecting a “planet in peril,” the villagers of Huangbaiyu would be dispossessed of their access to the natural resources of their valleys. In the name of improving their quality of life, they would be forced into either wage labor or abject poverty. What is at stake in Huangbaiyu is not only of consequence to the persons who have inhabited its spaces, but to all those who are encountering the ethical claims operationalized by ecological citizenship, or are thinking of making such claims on others. Unless attention is focused on what – and who – a new hierarchy of ecological value devalues, an ecological age may prove to be little different from the present industrial age. 1 To 这 for challenging me to consider that happiness might be at least as important as thought i Table of Contents Dedication i List of Figures and Tables iii Acknowledgements v 1. Introduction: Green Dreams and Schemes 1 Part I Locating Ecological Citizenship 21 2. Ecological Citizenship 22 3. Opening Ceremonies 41 Part II Discourse, Interests, Designs, Development 57 4. Global Uncertainty, National Anxiety 58 5. Assembling a “Sustainable Community” 79 6. Ecological Modernism 111 7. An Experience of Universal Progress 145 8. Conclusion 171 Bibliography 174 ii List of Figures FIGURES 1.1 Huangbaiyu’s Central Valley seen from the eastern mountains 4 1.2 Construction of Phase One of the China-US Sustainable Development Demonstration Village 5 1.3 Derelict houses in the “sustainable community,” Huangbaiyu. 6 3.1 “Huangbaiyu Sustainable Village” Master Plan. Drawn by William McDonough + Partners for the China-US Center for Sustainable Development 44 3.2 “China Benxi Huangbaiyu Sustainable Development Model Village Residence.” Drawn by Benxi Architectural Design Institute for the China-US Center for Sustainable Development 45 3.3 “China Benxi Huangbaiyu Sustainable Development Model Village Residences of Phase One [of the Project]” 45 3.4 Staff and affiliates of the China-US Center for Sustainable Development arrive at the China Benxi Huangbaiyu Sustainable Development Model Village Opening Ceremonies 47 3.5 Newsweek Reporter Sarah Schaffer takes notes 48 3.6 The construction team for the model house in the model village watch the Opening Ceremonies from the roof 48 3.7 William McDonough addresses the crowd in Huangbaiyu 51 3.8 Residents listen to McDonough 52 3.9 Benxi Mayor Li Bo examines the “sustainable” and “ecological” materials used to construct the first model house in the sustainable development model village 54 4.1 Entrance to the model sustainable development project in Huangbaiyu 60 4.2 The perceived threat of China’s newly consumptive population 64 4.3 “Awaiting Xiaokang.” Performance art and photography by Han Bing, 2000 69 6.1 The Master Plan diagram for Huangbaiyu 128 6.2 The Hamlets of Huangbaiyu 129 6.3 Excrement-Nutrient Cycles in Systems of Household and Community/Market Circulation 135 7.1 Map of China 147 7.2 Map of Liaoning Province 147 7.3 Map of Huangbaiyu village, Sishanling Township, Nanfen District, Benxi City, Liaoning Province. 148 7.4 Hamlets of Huangbaiyu Village 157 iii List of Tables TABLES 5.1 Leadership of the US-China Forum on Environment and Development during the Second Forum held on April 9, 1999 in Washington, DC 82 5.2 Participants in US-China Forum on Environment and Development Business Roundtable, co-chaired by US Vice President Al Gore and China Premier Zhu Rongji, April 9, 1999, Washington, DC. 83 6.1 Available Sources of Household Income in Existing Hamlets and Under the Master Plan 138 7.1 Huangbaiyu Hamlet and Production Team names 158 iv Acknowledgements A dissertation in anthropology is difficult because while it is a research and writing project, it is also a very personal process of self-discovery and maturity. The anthropologist lives her material, and that living means that it is an emotional, complicated, and long process through which many personal and professional debts are acquired. Every day I worked with my data, I was reminded of the courage of the people who spoke with me and let me live their lives with them: the courage to tell me personal thoughts, the courage to speak about their aspirations to design a new city, the courage to openly discuss government plans, the courage to reflect on corporate missions, and the courage to reflect on work that did not go as planned. It is not an easy thing to allow someone in to your life and work as an observer and questioner, and yet dozens of people did. Funding for the research of this dissertation came from the National Science Foundation, UC Berkeley Dean’s Office, and Intel Corporation. This dissertation would not have been possible if Intel Corporation’s People and Practices Research Group had not offered me a research internship, and informed the China-US Center for Sustainable Development (the Center) that I would be conducting my dissertation research under their auspices, and requested my full inclusion in the organization. As a member of the Center’s Board of Councilors, Intel was in a position to make such a request and have it honored. I do not think that such extensive and open access to all the elements of the Center’s work would have been possible without Intel’s support. John Sherry, Tony Salvador, Richard Beckwith, Scott Mainwaring, and Ken Anderson were particularly supportive and helpful. The China-US Center for Sustainable Development was also remarkably open, and showed great generosity in their making materials available and including me in many of their project deliberations. Rick Schulberg, Rory Schmick, Joe Marcotte, and Zhong Ping were incredibly inclusive of me, and always demonstrated dedication and personal commitment to their work. Bradley Zenger, Joe Miller, Mary Andringa and Jason Pearson were also open with their time and their thoughts when our work brought us together. Professor Peng Zhenwei of Tongji University was always generous with his time for my insistent questions, whether we were in Huangbaiyu, Beijing, or Shanghai. Unlike many anthropologists working in China I never had my research or living directly curtailed by government or party officials. It is still not allowed for a foreigner to live in a village in China, and it took the active engagement and the opening of “back doors” by many government officials for my visas to be granted. The welcome that I received from the municipal government is a testament to their support of and hopes for the Huangbaiyu project. Professor and Benxi Assistant Mayor Dai Limin was a close colleague during my stay in Huangbaiyu, someone with whom I could speak about anything. He is a respected forestry ecology scholar, and a thoughtful policy advisor and management official for his city’s government. Sishanling’s Party Secretary Zhang Shuyuan was a close confidante who never bit his tongue, and made me feel at home. I must give a special thanks to William McDonough who, despite his fame and renown, made himself available for my questions in person and over the phone, in Huangbaiyu, Beijing, and Maui. He is a man with a kind heart, guided by a strong vision. Dai Xiaolong also generously opened v up his home to me when I first arrived in Huangbaiyu, and included me in every aspect of his daily life. If the perspectives from which I could observe, participate and raise questions about Huangbaiyu only came from the people working with the design firms, government offices, corporations, and institutions working to redefine it as a “sustainable community,” this would be a very different dissertation.
Recommended publications
  • Global Political Ecology

    Global Political Ecology

    Global Political Ecology The world is caught in the mesh of a series of environmental crises. So far attempts at resolving the deep basis of these have been superficial and disorganized. Global Political Ecology links the political economy of global capitalism with the political ecology of a series of environmental disasters and failed attempts at environmental policies. This critical volume draws together contributions from 25 leading intellectuals in the field. It begins with an introductory chapter that introduces the readers to political ecology and summarises the book’s main findings. The following seven sections cover topics on the political ecology of war and the disaster state; fuelling capitalism: energy scarcity and abundance; global governance of health, bodies, and genomics; the contradictions of global food; capital’s marginal product: effluents, waste, and garbage; water as a commodity, human right, and power; the functions and dysfunctions of the global green economy; political ecology of the global climate; and carbon emissions. This book contains accounts of the main currents of thought in each area that bring the topics completely up-to-date. The individual chapters contain a theoretical introduction linking in with the main themes of political ecology, as well as empirical information and case material. Global Political Ecology serves as a valuable reference for students interested in political ecology, environmental justice, and geography. Richard Peet holds degrees from the London School of Economics (BSc (Econ)), the University of British Columbia (MA), and the University of California, Berkeley (PhD). He is currently Professor of Geography at Clark University, Worcester, MA. His interests are development, global policy regimes, power, theory and philosophy, political ecology, and the causes of financial crises.
  • Beck's Risk Society and Giddens' Search for Ontological Security: a Comparative Analysis Between the Anthroposophical Society and the Assemblies of God

    Beck's Risk Society and Giddens' Search for Ontological Security: a Comparative Analysis Between the Anthroposophical Society and the Assemblies of God

    Volume 15, Number 1 27 Beck's Risk Society and Giddens' Search for Ontological Security: A Comparative Analysis Between the Anthroposophical Society and the Assemblies of God Alphia Possamai-Inesedy University of Western Sydney There is a contention by social theorists such as Beck, Giddens, Bauman and Lash that contemporary Western society is in a transitional period in which risks have proliferated as an outcome of modernisation. In accordance with these changes individuals' sense ofselfhood have moved toward being more sensitive as to what they define as risks, such as threats to their health, as economic security or emotional wellbeing than they were in previous eras. Living in such a world can lead individuals to what Giddens would term ontological insecurity. Obsessive exaggeration of risks to personal existence, extreme introspection and moral vacuity are characteristics of the ontologically insecure individual. The opposite condition, ontological security, when achieved, leaves the individual with a sense of continuity and stability, which enables him or her to cope effectively with risk situations, personal tensions and anxiety. This emergent field of study in sociology has nevertheless poorly addressed religious issues; as if these social researchers have omitted parts of the religious aspects ofcontemporary society. This article attempts to fill this lacuna and explores the notion of risk society and ontological security with that of postmodern religion/spiritualities. Two case studies of the Anthroposophical society and Pentecostalism aid in this task. UlrichBeck(1992; 1994; 1995; 1996)andAnthonyGiddens(1990; 1991; 1994; 1999) while differing in their approaches, share similar concerns, foci and epistemological underpinnings in their work.
  • Capitalism and Risk: Concepts, Consequences, and Ideologies Edward A

    Capitalism and Risk: Concepts, Consequences, and Ideologies Edward A

    digitalcommons.nyls.edu Faculty Scholarship Articles & Chapters 2016 Capitalism and Risk: Concepts, Consequences, and Ideologies Edward A. Purcell New York Law School Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_articles_chapters Part of the Consumer Protection Law Commons, and the Law and Economics Commons Recommended Citation 64 Buff. L. Rev. 23 (2016) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles & Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@NYLS. Capitalism and Risk: Concepts, Consequences, and Ideologies EDWARD A. PURCELL, JR.t INTRODUCTION Politically charged claims about both "capitalism" and "risk" became increasingly insistent in the late twentieth century. The end of the post-World War II boom in the 1970s and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union inspired fervent new commitments to capitalist ideas and institutions. At the same time structural changes in the American economy and expanded industrial development across the globe generated sharpening anxieties about the risks that those changes entailed. One result was an outpouring of roseate claims about capitalism and its ability to control those risks, including the use of new techniques of "risk management" to tame financial uncertainties and guarantee stability and prosperity. Despite assurances, however, recent decades have shown many of those claims to be overblown, if not misleading or entirely ill-founded. Thus, the time seems ripe to review some of our most basic economic ideas and, in doing so, reflect on what we might learn from past centuries about the nature of both "capitalism" and "risk," the relationship between the two, and their interactions and consequences in contemporary America.
  • Scheherazade ISSUE 6 2016

    Scheherazade ISSUE 6 2016

    Scheherazade ISSUE 6 2016 Managing Editor Ivan Garcia Readers Mike Beck, Zachary Diaz, Marc Ferris, Justin Huang, Nicholas McCullough, PJ Schmidt, Stacey Tibayan Faculty Advisors Henry Marchand, Michelle Morneau Special Thanks for the Support of Rosa Arroyo Diane Boynton Michele Brock The Creative Writing Club of MPC The MPC Foundation Scheherazade Issue 6 CONTENTS Cover Photograph: Butterfly by Brandy Auel Creative Nonfiction Ghosts, a Memoir by PJ Schmidt ........................................................... 1 The Sleepover by Tanya Fadem ............................................................ 8 Short Fiction Geologic Time by Leslie Little ............................................................ 13 Mythic by Erika Salazar ........................................................................ 21 Renaissance by Emily Migliazzo........................................................ 40 Stir by Pam Schierer .............................................................................. 43 The Flea by Erik Fetler.......................................................................... 58 The Lonesome Death of Luke Davis by Colton Miller ................ 70 The Strange Chronicles of Francis Conney by J.T. Rethke ........ 83 Waiting by Russell Swartz .................................................................. 94 Wandering by Marc Ferris .................................................................. 99 Novel Excerpts Striver by David Olsen ........................................................................ 103
  • Beck's Cosmopolitan Politics

    Beck's Cosmopolitan Politics

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sussex Research Online A later version of this article is in Contemporary Politics 14, 2, June 2008 Beck’s Cosmopolitan Politics Luke Martell Abstract This article evaluates Ulrich Beck’s cosmopolitan global politics. I argue that areas where Beck sees bases for communal and cosmopolitan politics are structured by power, inequality and conflict. Beck has a conflict perspective on local responses to globalisation but this is not carried through to his global politics. There are issues that need to be tackled at a global level but I argue that this will have to be done on the basis of conflicting interests, power and nation-states as much as through global cosmopolitanism and co-operation. Keywords: Ulrich Beck, globalisation, cosmopolitanism, conflict, power. Ulrich Beck argues for global cosmopolitan politics with a co-operative and consensual approach over state-based and conflictual politics with a ‘national outlook’. This article focuses on Beck’s books Cosmopolitan Vision (2006) and What is Globalisation? (2000) and associated articles (eg Beck, 2000a, Beck and Sznaider, 2006). It is relevant also to his books on Power in the Global Age (2005) and Europe (Beck and Grande 2007) and, in parts, to other advocacies of cosmopolitan politics (eg Held, 1995, Archibugi and Held 1995, Kaldor 2003). I wish to argue that power, inequality and conflict, and a role for nations, are acknowledged by Beck but undermine his cosmopolitan outlook. Beck is important for his analyses of modernisation and the development of a ‘second modernity’.
  • Living in and Coping with World Risk Society: the Cosmopolitan Turn

    Living in and Coping with World Risk Society: the Cosmopolitan Turn

    Ulrich Beck Living in and Coping with World Risk Society: The Cosmopolitan Turn – Lecture in Moscow, June 2012 – When a world-order collapses, then the analysis begins, though that doesn’t seem to hold for the type of social thinking social theory currently prevalent. With universalist aloofness and somnambulant certainty, it hovers above the currents of epochal change. Just think for a moment of the ‘cosmopolitical events’ that changed the world during the last 25 years – 9/11, the ongoing financial crisis, the ongoing climate change, the ongoing nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima, the ongoing Arab spring, the ongoing euro-crisis, the ongoing Occupy-Wall-Street Movement. All of those have at least two features in common: (1) they came and come by total surprise, which means: they are beyond our political and sociological categories and imagination; and (2) all of them are transnational or global in their scope and implications. From this follows my question: Is it true that today this kind of universalist social analysis [whether it be structuralist, interactionist, Marxist or based on critical or system theory] is antiquated and provincial? Antiquated because it excludes what is patent, namely, a paradigm shift in modern society and politics; provincial because it falsely absolutizes the path-dependent scope of experience and expectation in Western European and American modernization, thus distorting the sociological view of its particularity? It would be an understatement to say that European sociology and sociology in general needs to understand the modernization of other societies for supplementary reasons, in order to complete its world-view. It is rather the case that we Europeans can understand ourselves only if we ‘deprovincialize’ – in other words, if we learn to „Cosmopolitanism“ is a loaded concept, especially in the Russian context; it does not mean ‘unpatriotic sentiment and behavior’ as Stalin defined it politically.
  • The Desert of Wheat

    The Desert of Wheat

    1 The Desert of Wheat The Desert of Wheat CHAPTER I<p> CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II<p> CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III<p> CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV<p> CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V<p> CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI<p> CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII<p> CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII<p> CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX<p> CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X<p> CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI<p> CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII<p> CHAPTER XII 2 CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII<p> CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV<p> CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV<p> CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI<p> CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII<p> CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII<p> CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX<p> CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX<p> CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI<p> CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII<p> CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII<p> CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV<p> CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV<p> CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI<p> CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVII<p> CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII<p> CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX<p> CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX The Desert of Wheat 3 CHAPTER XXX<p> CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI<p> CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII<p> CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII The Desert of Wheat The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Desert of Wheat, by Zane Grey This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever.
  • Revisiting Risk Society a Conversation with Ulrich Beck

    Revisiting Risk Society a Conversation with Ulrich Beck

    Perspectives Revisiting Risk Society A Conversation with Ulrich Beck 2011 / 6 RCC Perspectives Revisiting Risk Society A Conversation with Ulrich Beck Lawrence Culver, Heike Egner, Stefania Gallini, Agnes Kneitz, Cheryl Lousley, Uwe Lübken, Diana Mincyte, Gijs Mom, Gordon Winder (authors listed in alphabetical order) 2011 / 6 2 RCC Perspectives About the Authors Prof. Dr. Lawrence Culver is associate professor in the Department of History at Utah State University. He was a Carson fellow from July through December 2010. Prof. Dr. Heike Egner was a fellow at the Rachel Carson Center from April through July 2010, and subsequently took up a position as professor of geography at the Alpen-Adria- Universität in Klagenfurt, Austria. Prof. Dr. Stefania Gallini is a professor of history at the National University of Colombia, in Bogotá, and was a Carson fellow from July through December 2010. Agnes Kneitz is a research associate at the Rachel Carson Center, and is writing her dissertation entitled Eco-Novels: The Concept of Environmental Justice through Nine- teenth Century Social Novels. Prof. Dr. Cheryl Lousley took up a position as assistant professor in the Department of English at Lakehead University in Ontario, Canada, following her Carson fellowship from January through December 2010. PD Dr. Uwe Lübken is Project Director of Climates of Migration, a cooperative project between the Rachel Carson Center and the Center for Advanced Studies (KWI) in Essen. Prof. Dr. Diana Mincyte was a fellow at the Rachel Carson Center 2009–2010 and a fellow in the Program in Agrarian Studies at Yale University 2010–2011. She is now assistant professor at the Center for European and Mediterranean Studies at New York University.
  • The Truth of Others

    The Truth of Others

    Common Knowledge Symposium: Talking Peace with Gods, Part 1 THE TRUTH OF OTHERS A Cosmopolitan Approach Ulrich Beck Translated by Patrick Camiller The “cosmopolitanization of reality” is, contrary to conspiracy theories of vari- ous sorts, an unforeseen social consequence of actions directed at other results in a context of global interdependence and its attendant risks. These cosmopoli- tan side effects, often undesired and mostly unintended, frustrate the equation of the nation-state with national society and create new transnational forms of liv- ing and communicating, new ascriptions and responsibilities, new ways in which groups and individuals see themselves and others. The result, at the level of opin- ion, is or could be a realistic cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitan realism—as dis- tinct from cosmopolitan idealism (and distinct also from universalism, relativism, and multiculturalism). Realistic cosmopolitanism, considered apart from any philosophical prehistory, responds to a fundamental question about what I have called “second modernity.”1 How ought societies to handle “otherness” and “boundaries” during the present crisis of global interdependency? 1. “Second modernity” (rather than “postmodernity”) is ety: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage, 1992), and my preferred term for our present historical phase, in Beck, Anthony Giddens, and Scott Lash, Reflexive Mod- which modernity has become reflexive and is now mod- ernization: Politics, Tradition, and Aesthetics in the Modern ernizing its own foundations. See Ulrich Beck, Risk Soci- Social Order (Cambridge: Polity, 1994). Common Knowledge 10:3 Copyright 2004 by Duke University Press 430 Published by Duke University Press Common Knowledge To answer that question, it is necessary, first, to distinguish the various ways in which societies handle otherness now—universalism, relativism, ethnicism, 431 nationalism, cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism, and so on—and then relate each of these alternatives to the social formations of premodern, modern, and post- modern times.
  • Ethical Implications of Population Growth and Reduction Tiana Sepahpour Tsepahpour@Fordham.Edu

    Ethical Implications of Population Growth and Reduction Tiana Sepahpour [email protected]

    Fordham University Masthead Logo DigitalResearch@Fordham Student Theses 2015-Present Environmental Studies Spring 5-10-2019 Ethical Implications of Population Growth and Reduction Tiana Sepahpour [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://fordham.bepress.com/environ_2015 Part of the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Sepahpour, Tiana, "Ethical Implications of Population Growth and Reduction" (2019). Student Theses 2015-Present. 75. https://fordham.bepress.com/environ_2015/75 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Environmental Studies at DigitalResearch@Fordham. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses 2015-Present by an authorized administrator of DigitalResearch@Fordham. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ethical Implications of Population Growth and Reduction Tiana Sepahpour Fordham University Department of Environmental Studies and Philosophy May 2019 Abstract This thesis addresses the ethical dimensions of the overuse of the Earth’s ecosystem services and how human population growth exacerbates it, necessitating an ethically motivated reduction in ​ human population size by means of changes in population policy. This policy change serves the ​ goal of reducing the overall global population as the most effective means to alleviate global issues of climate change and resource abuse. Chapter 1 draws on the United Nations’ Millennium ​ Ecosystem Assessment and other sources to document the human overuse and degradation of ​ ecosystem services, including energy resources. Chapter 2 explores the history of energy consumption and climate change. Chapter 3 examines the economic impact of reducing populations and how healthcare and retirement plans would be impacted by a decrease in a working population.
  • Type Artist Album Barcode Price 32.95 21.95 20.95 26.95 26.95

    Type Artist Album Barcode Price 32.95 21.95 20.95 26.95 26.95

    Type Artist Album Barcode Price 10" 13th Floor Elevators You`re Gonna Miss Me (pic disc) 803415820412 32.95 10" A Perfect Circle Doomed/Disillusioned 4050538363975 21.95 10" A.F.I. All Hallow's Eve (Orange Vinyl) 888072367173 20.95 10" African Head Charge 2016RSD - Super Mystic Brakes 5060263721505 26.95 10" Allah-Las Covers #1 (Ltd) 184923124217 26.95 10" Andrew Jackson Jihad Only God Can Judge Me (white vinyl) 612851017214 24.95 10" Animals 2016RSD - Animal Tracks 018771849919 21.95 10" Animals The Animals Are Back 018771893417 21.95 10" Animals The Animals Is Here (EP) 018771893516 21.95 10" Beach Boys Surfin' Safari 5099997931119 26.95 10" Belly 2018RSD - Feel 888608668293 21.95 10" Black Flag Jealous Again (EP) 018861090719 26.95 10" Black Flag Six Pack 018861092010 26.95 10" Black Lips This Sick Beat 616892522843 26.95 10" Black Moth Super Rainbow Drippers n/a 20.95 10" Blitzen Trapper 2018RSD - Kids Album! 616948913199 32.95 10" Blossoms 2017RSD - Unplugged At Festival No. 6 602557297607 31.95 (45rpm) 10" Bon Jovi Live 2 (pic disc) 602537994205 26.95 10" Bouncing Souls Complete Control Recording Sessions 603967144314 17.95 10" Brian Jonestown Massacre Dropping Bombs On the Sun (UFO 5055869542852 26.95 Paycheck) 10" Brian Jonestown Massacre Groove Is In the Heart 5055869507837 28.95 10" Brian Jonestown Massacre Mini Album Thingy Wingy (2x10") 5055869507585 47.95 10" Brian Jonestown Massacre The Sun Ship 5055869507783 20.95 10" Bugg, Jake Messed Up Kids 602537784158 22.95 10" Burial Rodent 5055869558495 22.95 10" Burial Subtemple / Beachfires 5055300386793 21.95 10" Butthole Surfers Locust Abortion Technician 868798000332 22.95 10" Butthole Surfers Locust Abortion Technician (Red 868798000325 29.95 Vinyl/Indie-retail-only) 10" Cisneros, Al Ark Procession/Jericho 781484055815 22.95 10" Civil Wars Between The Bars EP 888837937276 19.95 10" Clark, Gary Jr.
  • LA589 890412 the Golden Grain Meditation There Is a Very Popular

    LA589 890412 the Golden Grain Meditation There Is a Very Popular

    LA589 890412 the Golden Grain Meditation There is a very popular saying. If you make all good things you will go When Balance the sugar point, the chi energy to heaven, if not you will go to hell but anyway you will go somewhere. So don't or the kidney energy starts working in the be very serious about life. Because you have not understood one concept. Life is functional way and when that starts working not what you think it is. Life is seventy percent free of you. That is one thing then adrenal then if your adrenal then gonad you cannot adjust. I am not against ego. It is a good thing to keep you identified. and if you are sexual then all that other stuff I have my identity. This is my car. This is my home. This is my wife. And this is and pituitary and pineal connect. my baby, this is my child and this is my uncle and this is my niece. All that stuff is fine. I am not upset with it. But that is it. Everybody doesn't become your uncle. Every baby is not your baby. Every wife is not your wife. We are very limited by our concept. So we think wife is that which is this, this, this. We precisely put a duty on it and we precisely put a duty on a relationship. Relationship has a duty, duty has a relationship and I love you, you hate me, I hate you you love me. This is not a concept.