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La Industria Bancaria Minorista Y Los Medios De Pagos Electrónico

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La Industria Bancaria Minorista Y Los Medios De Pagos Electrónico La industria bancaria minorista y los medios de pagos electrónico 15 de marzo de 2017 Versión final Informe realizado para: c/ Marqués de Villamejor, 5 28006 Madrid Tlf.: 34-91-520 01 00 Fax: 34-91-520 01 43 e-mail: [email protected] www.afi.es Contenido Contenido .................................................................................................................... 2 Listado de figuras ........................................................................................................ 3 Listado de tablas ......................................................................................................... 3 Listado de recuadros ................................................................................................... 4 Listado de acrónimos .................................................................................................. 4 0. Introducción .......................................................................................................... 6 1. Panorama actual de los medios de pago electrónico minoristas / de bajo valor en España ............................................................................................................. 9 1.1. Medios de pago “tradicionales” ..................................................................... 9 1.2. Nuevos medios de pago: pagos remotos y en movilidad ............................ 15 2. Análisis del marco regulatorio vigente y próxima adecuación normativa a PSD2 .................................................................................................................. 22 3. Mapa de infraestructuras interbancarias básicas y agentes para el funcionamiento de los medios de pago electrónico ............................................ 33 4. Acceso a infraestructuras de medios de pago: principales barreras de entrada . 53 5. Implicaciones y perspectivas de futuro ............................................................... 59 5.1. Implicaciones para usuarios finales: particulares, comerciantes y empresas .................................................................................................... 59 5.2. Implicaciones para la industria .................................................................... 60 Anexo 1. Análisis comparado sobre sistemas de pago sistémicos. .......................... 71 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................ 74 La industria bancaria minorista y los medios de pago electrónico - Versión Final ACCO 2 Listado de figuras Figura 1. Tendencias de innovación en los diferentes segmentos de productos y segmentos financieros ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Figura 2. Servicios de cobros y pagos electrónicos minoristas .............................................................. 9 Figura 3. Utilización medios de pago para pequeños pagos (%). España, 2015 ................................... 9 Figura 4. Importes promedio (EUR) por medio de pago SNCE, 2015.................................................. 10 Figura 5. Agentes participantes en las transferencias bancarias ......................................................... 11 Figura 6. Flujo de comisiones en un sistema de tarjetas de pago de… ............................................... 14 Figura 7. Esquema de procesamiento de pagos con tarjeta ................................................................ 14 Figura 8. Ecosistema Fintech en España: medios de pago y monedas digitales ................................ 15 Figura 9. Pagos en movilidad en España: billetera / wallet digital y pagos inmediatos P2P de cuenta a cuenta .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Figura 10. Capas de los pagos inmediatos........................................................................................... 18 Figura 11. Fragmentación a nivel doméstico en un contexto de integración SEPA ............................. 38 Figura 12. IBERPAY. Marco regulatorio y normativo ........................................................................... 41 Figura 13. Esquema general de la plataforma tecnológica CICLOM ................................................... 42 Figura 14. Esquemas domésticos (selección) e internacionales de tarjetas ........................................ 43 Figura 15. Comisiones cobradas por entidades propietarias de redes de ATM a clientes de entidades emisoras de tarjeta ................................................................................................................................ 51 Figura 16. Tasas promedio de intercambio y descuento en España (2009-1T2016)........................... 52 Figura 17. Redes centralizadas, descentralizadas y distribuidas ......................................................... 57 Figura 18. Banca y blockchain .............................................................................................................. 57 Listado de tablas Tabla 1. Instrumentos de pago, estándares comunes y base legal para pagos SEPA........................ 22 Tabla 2. Capital mínimo EP .................................................................................................................. 25 Tabla 3. Índice de contenidos de la PSD2 ............................................................................................ 27 Tabla 4. Acceso directo a ACH por parte de instituciones financieras no bancarias ........................... 36 Tabla 5. Distribución de los pequeños pagos en España por instrumento y sistema de proceso. 2015 .............................................................................................................................................................. 38 Tabla 6. Entidades participantes en el SNCE a 31 de diciembre de 2015 .......................................... 40 Tabla 7. Número de terminales ATM y TPV en España. Diciembre 2015 ........................................... 50 Tabla 8. Acceso a PSP no bancarios por ACH miembros de EACHA ................................................. 63 Tabla 9. Directivas relacionadas con sistemas financieros no traspuestas por España cuya fecha límite de trasposición ya ha vencido ..................................................................................................... 70 Tabla 10. Directivas relacionadas con sistemas financieros no traspuestas por España que aún no han superado la fecha límite de trasposición........................................................................................ 70 La industria bancaria minorista y los medios de pago electrónico - Versión Final ACCO 3 Listado de recuadros Recuadro 1. Pagos inmediatos móviles de cuenta a cuenta en España ............................................. 18 Recuadro 2. Cómo funcionan las nuevas soluciones de pago: Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, Facebook o Paypal ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Recuadro 3. Los riesgos de los sistemas de pagos ............................................................................. 35 Recuadro 4. Acceso a Infraestructuras de Pago (ITU-T Focus Group Digital Financial Services) ...... 35 Listado de acrónimos ACH - Cámara de compensación y liquidación (Automated Clearing House) AS PSP – Proveedor de servicios de pago gestor de la cuenta de pago (Account Servicing Payment Service Providers) ATM – cajero automático (Automated Teller Machine) BCE – Banco Central Europeo BDE – Banco de España BIC – Número de Identificación de Negocio (Business Identification Number) CE – Comisión Europea CNMC – Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia DDC – Diligencia Debida del Cliente EBA – Autoridad Bancaria Europea (European Banking Authority) EC – Entidad de crédito EDE – Emisora de Dinero Electrónico EEE – Espacio Económico Europeo EP – Entidad de pago EPC – Consejo Europeo de Pagos (European Payments Council) ERPB – European Retail Payments Board HCE – Emulación de Tarjeta en el Host (Host Card Emulation) IBAN – Número de Identificación de Cue P2P – de particular a particular La industria bancaria minorista y los medios de pago electrónico - Versión Final ACCO 4 PSD1 – Directiva 2007/64/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 13 de noviembre de 2007 sobre servicios de pago en el mercado interior, por la que se modifican las Directivas 97/7/CE, 2002/65/CE, 2005/60/CE y 2006/48/CE y por la que se deroga la Directiva 97/5/CE. PSD2 – Directiva (UE) 2015/2366 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 25 de noviembre de 2015, sobre servicios de pago en el mercado interior, por la que se modifican las Directivas 2002/65/CE, 2009/110/CE y 2013/36/UE y el Reglamento (UE) no 1093/2010 y se deroga la Directiva 2007/64/CE PSP – Proveedor de servicios de pago SCF – Marco SEPA para tarjetas de pago (SEPA Card Framework) SCT – Transferencias de Crédito SEPA (SEPA Credit Transfer) SDD – Débito Directo SEPA (SEPA Direct Debit) SEBC – Sistema Europeo de Bancos Centrales SEPA - Zona Única de Pagos en Euros SIC – Servicios de información de cuentas SIP – Servicios de iniciación de pagos SLBE – Sistema de Liquidación del Banco de España, también denominado TARGET2-BdE, componente español del TARGET2 SNCE – Sistema Nacional de Compensación Electrónica TPP – Proveedor de servicios de pago ajeno a la banca (Third Party Provider)
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