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UNIT TWO

Chapter One: Cat’s Origins

What was the earliest ancestor of the cat called? ---Myacis (My-a-kiss)

How long ago did the myacis inhabit the earth? ---forty to fifty million years

Describe ___ characteristics of the myacis. ---size of lynx ---long slender body ---long tail ---short legs ---retractable claws

How did the Dinictis differ from the Myacis? ---higher intelligence ---greater agility

How long did it take for the Dinictis to evolve from the Myacis? ---ten million years

What do we call the creature that evolved from the myacis? ---Dinictis

In what part of the world did originate? ---Africa

How long ago were cats domesticated? ---four thousand years ago

Where were cats first domesticated? ---Ancient Egypt

Why were cats worshipped in Ancient Egypt? ---They controlled the rodents.

Give ___ facts about Bast. ---goddess ---cats were worshipped as Bast ---represented love ---represented fertility ---represented life-giving rays of the sun ---body of woman, head of cat

11 CAT UNIT TWO

Chapter One Continued: Cat’s Origins

What did Egyptian owners of cats do when their cat died? ---shaved their eyebrows ---embalmed the cat ---had a ceremonial funeral ---buried the cat in a special ceremony

List ___ ways that today's cats are the same as ancient cats. ---same size ---same shape ---keen hunting instincts ---self-reliance ---same purring sounds ---same aloofness ---same affection

Chapter Two: Cat Breeds

How many breeds of cats are there? ---over forty

Where and when was the first held? ---England, 1871

Where and when was the first cat show held in the U.S.? ---Madison Square Garden, New York, 1895

When was the first cat registry established in the U.S.? ---1909

What is a (or pedigreed) cat? ---intentionally bred for certain desired qualities and usually eligible for exhibition in a show ring

Name criteria used to judge a household . ---physical condition ---cleanliness ---presentation ---temperament ---attractive or unusual appearance

What are the three body types of cats? ---cobby

12 CAT UNIT TWO

---moderate ---foreign (or oriental)

Chapter Three: Cat Characteristics

Give ___ type(s) of cat hair. ---guard hairs (coarse hair also called primary hairs or topcoat) ---awn hairs (a type of secondary hair with bristly tips also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur) ---down hairs (fine crinkly, also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur0 ---whiskers (also called vibrissae) ---eye lashes ---carpal hairs (located on the backs of front legs)

What are guard hairs? ---coarse hairs also called primary hairs or topcoat

The topcoat is which kind of hair? ---guard hairs (or primary hairs)

What are awn hairs? ---a type of secondary hairs with bristly tips (also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur)

What are down hairs? ---fine, crinkly hairs (also called secondary hairs or undercoat or underfur)

What are the two types of secondary hairs? ---awn hairs and down hairs

What is another name for whiskers? ---vibrissae

What are vibrissae? ---whiskers

Where are the carpal hairs located? ---on the backs of the front legs

What are carpal hairs? ---whisker-like hairs on the backs of the front legs

What is the best distance range for a cat’s vision? ---seven to twenty feet

Why do cats’ eyes shine in the dark when caught in a ray of light? 13 CAT UNIT TWO

---The backs of the eyes are lined with a mirror-like structure called the tapetum lucidum.

Chapter Three Continued: Cat Characteristics

What is the tapetum lucidum? ---the mirror-like structure lining the back of cats' eyes, which causes the eyes to shine in the dark when caught in a ray of light

How long do ' eyes remain closed after birth? ---seven to ten days

How long does it take for a 's eyes to become as keen as an adult cat? ---three months

In what two ways is a cat’s hearing more acute than a humans? ---they can hear fainter sounds than we can ---they can hear ultrasonic sounds, much higher than we can

Give ___ ways a cat can compensate if it becomes deaf. ---increased acuity in eyesight ---increased acuity in smell ---becomes sensitive to vibrations; "hearing with their paws"

Why does a cat move its earflaps? ---It directs the earflaps toward a sound so it can hear a faint sound better.

What is a cat’s method of recognition (of a person, food or other cat)? ---its sense of smell

Name ___ areas in which a cat’s sense of smell play an important role. ---appetite ---behavior ---protection ---reproduction

What does a cat do when presented with a new object? ---thoroughly sniffs it before accepting it.

List ___ ways a cat may respond to . ---sniffing ---chewing ---rubbing ---rolling ---meowing

14 CAT UNIT TWO

Where are a cat’s taste buds located? ---on the front and side edges of the tongue and at the back of the tongue

Chapter Three continued: Cat Characteristics

What is/are ___ functions of cats’ teeth? ---stabbing (killing prey) ---anchoring (holding prey) ---cutting or tearing flesh

Why is it that cats cannot crush or grind food? ---no flat-crowned molars

How many bones does a cat's body have? ---230 – 244

How can you tell what a cat's mood might be? ---Its' tail indicates its mood.

If a cat carries its tail high, what does it indicate? ---the cat’s pride and contentment

If a cat's tail is extended straight out, what does it indicate? ---The cat is stalking.

If a cat's tail is curled against its body, what does it indicate? ---The cat is scared or worried.

If a cat’s tail is thrusting from side to side, what does it indicate? ---The cat is angry.

How can you tell if a cat is contented? ---It carries its tail high.

How can you tell if a cat is stalking? ---Its tail is extended straight out.

How can you tell if a cat is scared or worried? ---It wraps its tail around its body.

How can you tell if a cat is angry? ---!t thrusts (swishes) its tail from side to side.

Give ___ characteristic(s) of cats' hind legs. ---longer than front legs ---stronger than front legs ---enables a cat to leap with great skill 15 CAT UNIT TWO

In what pattern does a cat move its legs when walking? ---front and hind leg on one side then on the other.

Chapter Three Continued: Cat Characteristics

What enables a cat to move silently? ---thickly cushioned paws

What does digitigrade mean? ---walks or runs on its toes

What do we call it when an animal walks or runs on its toes? ---digitigrade

How many toes does a cat have? ---five on the front feet and four on the back

What does polydactyl mean? ---have more than the usual number of toes

What is the word describing an animal with more than the usual number of toes? ---polydactyl

What is the cats' main method of defense? ---hook-shaped claws on each toe

What is the primary purpose of claws? ---defense

What is ""? ---extending and retracting its claws in a pumping motion

What is the word for extending and retracting its claws in a pumping motion? ---kneading

How does a cat express pleasure or contentment? ---by extending and retracting its claws in a pumping motion called "kneading"

What are follicles? ---tiny pits in the skin from which hairs grow

What do you call the pits in the skin from which cats' hairs grow? ---follicles

How young can a kitten have developed a sense of taste? ---one day

16 CAT UNIT TWO

How do cats react to the taste of sweet things? ---They do not taste sweet things. ---Their digestive system is sensitive to sugar, and eating sugar may make them ill.

Chapter Three Continued: Cat Characteristics

What happens when a cat is given cows' milk? ---They develop diarrhea because they cannot tolerate the lactose (milk sugar) in the milk.

What is lactose? ---milk sugar in milk

Which is the least important sense in a cat? ---sense of touch

Give ___ sensations that are a part of the sense of touch ---gentle touch ---heavy pressure ---warmth ---cold ---pain

Which parts of the cat are especially sensitive to touch, warmth and cold? ---nose and paw pads

Give ___ things the paw pads are important for. ---investigate texture, size, and shape ---sensitive to touch , warmth and cold ---maintain posture ---detect vibrations

Why are whiskers important? ---to investigate nearby objects ---sensitive to air currents

How much time does a cat spend sleeping? ---two-thirds of the time

Give ___ things that a cat’s self-grooming accomplishes. ---keeps it clean ---stimulates skin glands to produce waterproofing ---temperature regulation

Why do cats groom themselves more in warm weather? ---They are unable to sweat, so the saliva becomes a substitute for the cooling effect of sweat.

What does a cat do when falling? ---turns its head to an upright horizontal position so the rest of the body will follow, and it will land on its feet 17 CAT UNIT TWO

Name two things that purring may indicate ---usually contentment ---can indicate pain

Chapter Four: Selecting a Cat or Kitten

List ___ things to look for when choosing a kitten. ---outgoing personality ---clear eyes (no excessive watering) ---cool, damp nose (no discharge) ---lustrous shine to fur (no mats) ---clean ears (no signs of mites) ---clean white teeth ---pink gums ---no skin irritations ---no sign of fleas ---no sign of diarrhea ---not too thin or too fat

What is a Pedigree? ---a paper showing names and registration numbers of the parents of a purebred kitten, and whether there are any champions in the kitten's background

Describe the best way to pick up a kitten. ---Place one hand under the kitten's chest and use the other hand to support the hindquarters. Hold kitten close to your body.

List ___ things you can do to make a kitten's first night in a new home more comfortable. ---Leave a night light on. ---Put a small stuffed animal in bed with the kitten. ---Make sure the room is warm enough. ---Make sure the room is draft-free.

What are the best methods of punishment for a cat? ---a loud "NO!" ---a squirt from a water pistol

Give ___ basic needs of a cat. ---warm place to live ---proper food ---fresh water ---dry bed ---companionship

Give ___ reasons why it is better keep a cat indoors. ---may wander away ---may produce unwanted kittens if not spayed 18 CAT UNIT TWO

---exposure to disease ---exposure to parasites

Chapter Five: Feeding and Nutrition

Give ___ things that could happen if a cat is not fed properly. ---more susceptible to disease ---more susceptible to infection ---problems with growth ---problems with reproduction

Which nutrient is particularly important for a cat? ---protein

What is the best source of protein? ---meat, fish or eggs

Which amino acid is important for a cat's eyes? ---taurine

What happens if a cat does not receive taurine in its diet? ---It can become blind.

What kind of diet does a cat need? ---high protein, with vitamins and minerals

Name ___ major types of . ---dry ---semi-moist ---canned specialty ---canned maintenance

Name ___ advantages of dry food. ---can be left all day for cat to nibble as it pleases ---economical ---complete nutrition ---helps keep teeth clean by reducing tartar build-up ---helps keep gums healthy by reducing tartar build-up

Why is commercial cat food better for your cat than table scraps? ---commercial cat food is nutritionally balanced

Which type of commercial cat food has the highest percentage of protein? ---dry ---(dry 31%, semi-moist 23%, canned maintenance 10%) ---(specialty canned food has a high percentage of meat but it may not be completely balanced.) 19 CAT UNIT TWO

Chapter Five Continued: Feeding and Nutrition

List ___ words to look for when checking a label for nutritional value. ---scientific ---complete ---balanced

What does the law require if a label states the food is "scientific", "complete", or "balanced"? ---It must provide a completely balanced diet for cats of all ages from kittens to senior cats including pregnant or lactating females.

Why is it important to force a cat to drink water even if it refuses? ---to prevent dehydration

Why does a kitten need even more protein than an adult cat? ---insures growth, and strong teeth and bones

How often should a kitten be fed during its first year? ---two to three times per day

What may happen if a kitten is given too much milk? ---It has a laxative effect. (Diarrhea)

At what age is a kitten considered to be an adult? ---twelve months (one year)

What should a cat be fed when it reaches one year of age? ---maintenance diet

What is the average life span of a cat? ---fourteen years

Why should older cats be encouraged to drink water? ---increases kidney function

How can you tell if a cat is overweight? ---cannot feel its ribs easily

What should you do to reduce a cat's weight? ---reduce calories ---increase exercise ---have veterinarian choose the best program

20 CAT UNIT TWO

Chapter Five Continued: Feeding and Nutrition

Look at the list on page 22 of Unit 2 (or on this page). These could be used as questions. When I finish the last chapter, I'll try to get back to these words; but in the meantime, you'd better look up the definitions on your own.

21 CAT UNIT TWO

Locate the following words(in the word search.) These words all pertain to a cat's nutrition. Extra credit is given for writing their definitions and how they relate to the cat on another sheet of paper. (Use the next sheet to locate the words.) activity level corn maintenance stomach additives deficiency malnourished stress age diet meat supplements amino acids digestible . metabolism table scraps appetite disease milk tartar ash dog food minerals taste balanced dry mouse taurine biotin elderly nutrients teeth bird environmental obesity temperament blindness exercise old thiamine bone meal eggs phosphorus toxic bones fat plaque toxoplasmosis bugs fiber pregnant tuna calcium fish. preservatives vegetable calories grain protein virus canned internal parasites reproduction vitamins carbohydrates iodine salt waste carnivorous illness scientific water catnip iron sedentary weaning chlorine kitten milk replacer sodium weight coat lactating soft-moist zinc colostrum laxative soybean meal commercial liver specialty complete magnesium starch

Chapter Six: Health Care

22 CAT UNIT TWO When checking your cat’s health, list ___ things you should look for in the cat's mouth. ---color of gums ---broken teeth ---tartar on teeth

When checking your cat’s health, list ___ things you should look for in the eyes. ---discharge ---discoloration (red or yellow) ---third eyelid (nictitating membrane) showing

What do you call the cat's third eyelid? ---nictitating membrane

Where do you find a cat's nictitating membrane? ---in the eye

List ___ things you should look for when checking a cat's ears. ---clean ---redness ---dark waxy accumulation

List ___ things you should look for while brushing or combing your cat's fur. ---unusual lumps ---swelling ---hair loss ---fleas ---ticks ---cat's weight ---condition of fur

What are a cat's vital signs? ---respiration ---pulse ---temperature

How many breaths per minute does a healthy cat take when resting? ---twenty to thirty

23 CAT UNIT TWO What happens to a cat's breathing when it is ill? ---the breaths become shallower and more rapid

How do you check a cat's respiration rate? ---Observe the cat when it is resting quietly. One rise and fall of the chest equals one breath. Count the breaths for thirty seconds; then double that amount for the respiration rate.

Chapter Six Continued: Health Care

What is the normal resting pulse rate of a cat? ---160 to 240 beats per minute

How do you check a cat's pulse rate? ---Lightly press against the inside of an upper hind leg on the femoral artery. Count the beats for thirty seconds and double the figure for the pulse rate.

What is a cat's normal temperature? ---100.4 to 102.5 degrees

What should you do if a cat's temperature reaches 108 degrees? ---Immediately cool it off in a cold-water bath.

How do you check a cat's temperature? ---Have someone restrain and comfort the cat. Shake down a rectal thermometer and lubricate it with petroleum jelly, mineral oil or cooking oil. Insert the thermometer into the anus, twisting slightly to relax the muscles. Insert so bulb is aimed straight at the head and goes in about one inch. Leave in about two minutes. Remove, wipe off and read.

Name ___ diseases, in addition to , that 4-H cats are required to be immunized for. ---Panleukopenia ---Rhinotrachettis ---Calicivirus ---Chlamydiosis

What is another name for Panleukopenia?

24 CAT UNIT TWO ---Feline Infectious Enteritis ---Feline Distemper

At what age should a kitten be immunized against Panleukopenia? ---seven to eight weeks; then boostered two to three weeks later

How often should an adult cat be immunized for Panleukopenia? ---once per year

What are the three most common upper respiratory diseases in cats? ---Rhinotracheitis ---Calicivirus ---Chlamydiosis

What is another name for Feline Chlamydiosis? ---Pneumonitis

Chapter Six Continued: Health Care

What causes Rhinotrachettis? ---a herpes virus

What is another name for Feline Viral Rhinotrachettis? ---feline herpes

What causes Chlamydiosis? ---a rickettsia

What is a rickettsia? ---a cross between a virus and a bacterium

What causes Calicivirus? ---a virus similar to the human cold virus

25 CAT UNIT TWO How are the Upper Respiratory Illnesses transmitted? ---direct contact ---airborne droplets ---contaminated cages, dishes or litter boxes

How long can viruses live outside a cat's body? ---twenty-four hours to three days

Name ___ symptoms of Upper Respiratory Disease. ---sneezing ---coughing ---watery discharge from eyes and/or nose ---loss of appetite ---weight loss ---listless and weak ---depression ---fever ---mouth and tongue ulcers

At what age should kittens be immunized against the Upper Respiratory Diseases? ---seven to eight weeks and boostered two to three weeks later.

How often should an adult cat be immunized against the Upper Respiratory Diseases? ---once per year

Which animals are susceptible to Rabies? ---all warm-blooded animals including humans

What causes Rabies? ---a virus

Chapter Six Continued: Health care

How is Rabies transmitted? ---Through a bite wound or through a break in the skin through which saliva may enter the body.

26 CAT UNIT TWO What are the three stages of Rabies symptoms? ---prodromal stage ---excitatory stage ---paralytic stage

Give ___ symptoms of the prodromal stage of Rabies. ---uneasiness ---anxiety ---irritability ---sensitive to light ---sensitive to noise

Give ___ symptoms of the excitatory stage of rabies. ---becomes excited ---becomes aggressive ---may have difficulty swallowing ---loud noise or sudden movement may send into a biting, scratching frenzy

What happens during the paralytic stage of rabies? ---Body becomes progressively paralyzed, starting at the head and neck, then death.

What is "furious" rabies? ---The excitatory stage is prolonged and the paralytic stage is very short.

What is "dumb" rabies? ---very few symptoms of the excitatory stage, but the paralytic stage is very long

When should a kitten be vaccinated against rabies? ---no younger than three months

How often should an adult cat receive a rabies immunization? ---once a year or once every three years, depending upon which vaccine is given.

What causes Feline Leukemia? ---a type of virus called a retrovirus

27 CAT UNIT TWO What is the major fatal infectious disease found in cats today? ---Feline Leukemia

How is the transmitted? ---saliva --- feces ---urine

Chapter Six Continued: Health Care

If a cat is exposed to Feline Leukemia, one of three things will happen. List ___ of them. ---It will not become infected. ---It will become infected, but will develop immunity. ---It will develop symptoms.

Give ___ symptoms of Feline Leukemia. ---anemia ---fever ---vomiting ---diarrhea ---tumors ---breathing problems

What are the tumors associated with Feline Leukemia called? ---lymphosarcomas

What should you do if your cat tests positive for Feline Leukemia? ---Isolate it from all other cats.

If your cat tests negative for Feline Leukemia, what can you do? ---immunize yearly

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is similar to what disease in humans? ---AIDS

What is the best way to prevent Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Disease? ---Keep the cat indoors.

If a cat tests negative to Feline Leukemia but has symptoms of that illness, what other disease might be suspected? ---Feline Immunodeficiency Disease

28 CAT UNIT TWO

What is Peritonitis? ---inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity or chest cavity

What causes Feline Infectious Peritonitis? ---a corona virus

What causes Feline Infectious Anemia? ---bacteria called rickettsiae

What causes the spread of Feline Infectious Anemia? ---blood sucking insects, usually fleas

How do you treat Feline Infectious Anemia? ---antibiotics for three weeks

Chapter Six Continued: Health care

Feline Urologic Syndrome can be either of two illnesses. What are they? ---Cystitis ---Urolithiasis

What is Cystitis? ---inflammation of the bladder

What is Urolithiasis? ---formation of stones in the lower urinary tract

Which type of cat is most likely to develop Feline Urologic Syndrome? ---eutered males

What may happen if a cat is not treated for Feline Urologic Syndrome right away? ---uremic poisoning, kidney failure and death

What are causes of Feline Urologic Syndrome? ---bladder inflammation

29 CAT UNIT TWO ---high concentration of minerals in the urine

What can cause a high concentration of minerals in a cat's urine? ---feeding a diet high in minerals (ash) especially magnesium

Give ___ symptoms of feline urologic syndrome. ---blooby urine ---frequent urination ---inability to urinate

List ___ ways to help prevent feline urologic syndrome. ---encourage more exercise. ---prevent obesity. ---keep the litter pan clean. ---feed low magnesium diet. ---always have fresh water available.

What is a parasite? ---an organism that lives in or on another animal

Which internal parasite is the most common? ---roundworms

What is another name for a roundworm? ---ascarid

Chapter Six Continued: Health care

Give ___ symptoms of roundworms in a kitten. ---failure to thrive ---dull coat ---round potbellied appearance

How are roundworms transmitted?

30 CAT UNIT TWO ---Eggs are passed in feces contaminating the ground or litter box.

How can you tell if an adult cat has roundworms? ---check feces for eggs ---cat may pass a few spaghetti-like worms in feces ---cat may vomit a few worms

How can you prevent tapeworms? ---eliminate fleas from the cat ---eliminate fleas in the house ---do not allow cat to hunt and eat rodents

What is the most common carrier of tapeworms? ---fleas

Roundworms and tapeworms are the most common worms found in cats in our state. Give ___ other worms which are much rarer. ---hookworms ---lungworms ---heartworms ---whipworms ---threadworms

What are the two most common diseases caused by protozoa? ---Coccidiosis ---Toxoplasmosis

Why is it that a pregnant woman should not clean a cat's litter box? ---They can become infected with toxoplasmosis, which can cause birth defects or miscarriage.

What are the four most common external parasites? ---fleas ---ticks ---mites ---lice

List ___ things that may happen if an infestation of ear mites is left untreated? ---loss of balance ---bacterial infection

31 CAT UNIT TWO ---loss of hearing ---blocked ear canal

Chapter Six Continued: Health care

What is the cat's most common parasite? ---fleas

What is the lifetime of a flea? ---one year

What are the four life stages of a flea? ---egg ---larva ---cocoon ---adult

What is Miliary Dermatitis? ---skin disorder caused by allergy to flea saliva

Describe the process by which a cat becomes infected with tapeworm. ---Flea larva eats tapeworm eggs; tapeworm larva develops inside flea larva and continues to live inside adult flea. Cat swallows flea during self-grooming process and becomes infected tapeworm.with

What do we call the skin disorder caused by allergy to flea saliva? ---Miliary Dermatitis

How are lice transmitted? ---direct contact with infected cat ---contact with bedding or grooming equipment recently used by infected cat

Where are ticks usually found on a cat? ---around the ears ---on neck ---between the toes

What is the best way to remove a tick? ---Use large tweezers to grasp the head of the tick as close to the cat's skin as you can get and gently pull straight out.

How can you treat a cat you suspect has a hairball? ---Give it lubricants such as mineral oil to help the cat get rid of it by vomiting or passing with feces.

32 CAT UNIT TWO

How can you prevent hairballs? ---frequent brushing and an occasional dose of lubricant such as the oil from a can of tuna

What causes abscesses? ---Bacteria from other cat's teeth and claws are injected into the skin through puncture wounds.

How do you treat an abscess? ---Have a veterinarian open it up so it can drain, then give antibiotics and keep it clean.

Chapter Six Continued: Health care

What causes ringworm? ---a fungus

What are the symptoms of ringworm? ---circular patches of hair loss with scaling and crusting on the skin

How do you prevent the spread of ringworm? ---Treat all other animals as well as the infected cat. ---Sanitize, disinfect, or destroy anything that the cat has come in contact with.

What are some good disinfectants to use when trying to prevent spread of disease or parasites? ---alcohol or diluted household bleach

What could happen if a cat has diarrhea longer than twenty-four hours? —It could become dehydrated.

What is spaying? ---surgical removal of ovaries, oviducts and uterus of a female cat

At what age should a female cat be spayed? ---six months

What are the two advantages of spaying a female cat?

33 CAT UNIT TWO ---prevents unwanted kittens ---lessens the chance of mammary tumors, which adds to the longevity of the cat

What is neutering? ---surgical removal of the testes, epididymis and vas deferens of the male cat

At what age can a male cat be neutered? ---any time after six months of age

How do unaltered male cats "mark their territory"? ---They spray urine that has a strong odor

At what age will an unaltered male cat begin to spray? ---about ten months

List ___ advantages to neutering a male cat. ---cannot impregnate a female cat ---lessens desire to roam and get in fights with other cats ---if done before it begins to spray, the cat usually will not develop the habit of spraying

What is the procedure that is done to declaw a cat? ---The end bone of the toe, which holds the claw and nail bed, is

Chapter Seven: Emergencies and First Aid

What are the first things you should do if your cat is injured? ---restrain gently with a blanket or towel ---comfort with soothing tones and call it by its name ---take to a veterinarian

How do you move an injured cat? ---Place a blanket or towel just behind the cat. Place one hand under the shoulder and one hand under the flanks and lift just enough to move onto the blanket. Place in a box on car seat beside you so you can control it and prevent further injury.

34 CAT UNIT TWO What is shock? ---a state of circulatory collapse

Give ___ things that can cause shock. ---severe accident ---loss of blood ---heart failure ---poisoning ---injury to nervous system

How do you do artificial respiration on a cat? ---Remove cat's collar. Open mouth and pull the tongue forward. Pull the head and neck forward. Place hands on cat's ribs. Push down suddenly and release. Repeat once every five seconds.

How do you control bleeding? ---Apply pressure to the bleeding area with a folded pad of clean cloth. Take to a veterinarian.

How do you treat burns? ---Run cool water over the burned area, then take to a veterinarian.

What do you do if a cat has a broken bone? ---Keep cat quiet and restrict motion. If bleeding, apply pressure at a point between the injury and the heart. Take to a veterinarian.

What are the symptoms of heat stroke? ---panting ---rapid breathing ---salivating ---vomiting ---loss of alertness ---warm, dry skin ---rapid heartbeat ---high fever ---collapse

35 CAT UNIT TWO Chapter Seven Continued: Emergencies and First Aid

How do you treat heat stroke? ---Immediately, reduce temperature by immersing in cool water, keeping just the head above water; you may apply ice packs to head and neck. Apply artificial respiration if cat stops breathing. Have cat checked by veterinarian.

What do you do in case of drowning? ---Immediately, hold cat upside down to drain water out of lungs; then apply artificial respiration until cat starts breathing on its own. Wrap in a warm blanket, and take to a veterinarian.

What should you do if a cat has suffered frostbite? ---Take to a warm place. ---Apply warm (not hot) moist compresses to area. ---Take to a veterinarian.

What should you do if a poisonous snake has bitten a cat? ---Put ice or an ice pack around the wound. ---Keep cat quiet. ---Take to a veterinarian.

Give ___ symptoms of poisoning. ---drooling ---vomiting ---diarrhea ---listlessness ---labored breathing —trembling ---convulsions ---collapse

Give ___ of the most common things poisonous to cats. ---household disinfectants ---nicotine products ---detergents ---insects ---antifreeze ---human medications; ---household plants ---especially: aspirin and acetaminophen ---rat or insect poison ---drinking water from chemically treated toilets

36 CAT UNIT TWO ---lye ---alcoholic beverages ---paint ---spoiled food ---turpentine

Give ___ symptoms that may indicate a cat has swallowed something dangerous. ---vomiting ---dehydration ---restlessness ---cramped walking ---salivation ---signs of discomfort

Chapter Seven Continued: Emergencies and First Aid

What is the circulatory system? ---organs and tissues involved in circulating blood through an animal

What is conformation? ---the body form of a cat, including size and shape, characteristic of its breed; type

What is conjunctivitis? ---inflammation of the membrane lining the inner eyelid and eyeball

What does contagious mean? ---able to be passed from one animal to another

What is a convulsion? ---twisting of the body caused by a violent muscle contraction

What is dehydration? ---loss of water or moisture

What is a diagnosis? ---to determine by examination the cause and character of an illness

What does digestible mean? ---a substance that can be converted by the body to be used for nourishment

37 CAT UNIT TWO What does digitigrade mean? ---walking on tiptoe

What does discriminate mean? ---to note or observe a difference

What is a disease? ---a condition of the body in which there is incorrect function due to heredity, infection, diet or environment; illness; sickness

What does domesticate mean? ---to tame; to change from wild to household or family use

What is frostbite? ---inflammation of the flesh caused by exposure to extreme cold

What is gingivitis? ---inflammation of the gums

Chapter Eight: Traveling With Your Cat

If you must travel away from home, what is the best thing to do with your cat? ---Leave it at home under the care of a neighbor or place it in a boarding kennel.

If you must travel with your cat, how can you prepare the cat ahead of time? ---Place it in a carrier and take on short local trips. If the cat suffers motion sickness, discuss prevention methods with your veterinarian.

How often should you let your cat use the litter pan while on a long trip? ---every three to four hours.

38 CAT UNIT TWO

When traveling with your cat, what should you do with it when you first arrive at your lodging? ---Place litter pan and cat in the bathroom and close the door while you are unloading the car.

While traveling with a cat, give ___ instances when you should confine it to the carrier. ---while traveling in the car ---overnight while in a room ---whenever you leave the room

Chapter Nine: Vocabulary

What is an abnormality? ---something unusual; not typical or average

What does abort mean? ---expelling kittens from the uterus before they are able to live

What is an amino acid? ---the primary material of protein

What is anatomy? ---the structure of the body or any of its parts

What is an ancestor? ---the stock from which an animal has descended; forefather

What is an anesthetic? ---a drug that stops pain

39 CAT UNIT TWO

What is an antibody? ---a substance produced by white blood cells that helps fight illness-causing agents such as bacteria

What is artificial respiration? ---forcing air into and out of the lungs of an animal that is not breathing

What are bacteria? ---microscopic organisms that can produce disease

What is a breed? ---a group of cats with similar, defined characteristics and related ancestry

What is cardiovascular? ---pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

What does carnivorous mean? ---meat eating

What is a characteristic? ---a distinguishing feature or quality

What is circulatory? ---organs and tissues involved in circulating blood through an animal

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What is conformation? ---the body form of a cat including size and shape, characteristic of its breed; type

What is conjunctivitis? ---inflamation of the membrane lining the inner eyelid and eyeball

40 CAT UNIT TWO What does contagious mean? ---able to be passed from one animal to another

What is a convulsion? ---twisting of the body caused by violent muscular contractions

What is dehydration? ---loss of water or moisture

What does diagnoisis mean? ---to determine by examination the cause and character of an illness

What does digestible mean? ---a substance that can be converted by the body to be used for nourishment

What is digitigrade? ---walking on tip-toe

What does discriminate mean? ---to note or observe a difference

What is a disease? ---a condition of the body in which there is incorrect function due to heredity, infection,diet, or invironment; illness; sickness

What does domesticate mean? ---to tame; to change from wild to household or family use

What is frostbite? ---inflamation of the flesh caused by extreme cold

What is gingivitis? ---inflammation of the gums

What is a hybrid? ---the result of a mating between two different breeds.

41 CAT UNIT TWO What is immunity? ---protected from a particular disease

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What is incubation? ---the period of time between infection and showing signs of disease

What does indigenous mean? ---originating in a particular region or country

What is infection? ---affected with disease-producing germs

What is an infestation? ---overrun by a large number of something troublesome (like fleas)

What is an inflammation? ---redness, swelling, heat ,and / or tenderness of a part of the body

What does ingesting mean? ---taking into the body, such as food or liquid

What does isolate mean? ---keep separate from other animals

What does lactating mean? ---producing milk

What is lithe? ---flexible or limber

What does longevity mean? ---the length or duration of life

What does lubricate mean?

42 CAT UNIT TWO ---to make slippery or smooth

What is malnutrition? ---food materials not properly balanced or not enough to be taken in and utilized effectively; malnourishment

What is Miliary Dermatitis? ---small, red crusty skin wounds

What is a mucous membrane? ---the lining of an inner part of the body that produces mucous

What is the musculature? ---the system of muscles of the body

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What is a mutation? ---the change of a characteristic caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome

What does obese mean? ---extremely overweight

What is a parasite? ---an animal or plant that lives and feeds in or on another animal or plant

What is a pedigree? ---the line of ancestors of a purebred animal or the document recording this

What is physiology? ---the processes or functions of a body or a part of the body

What is pigmentation? ---coloration of the skin

What does polydactyl mean? ---having more than the normal number of toes

43 CAT UNIT TWO

What is a progenitor? ---an ancestor; forefather

What is a protein? ---a substance made up of amino acids required for all life processes in animals

What is a purebred? ---an animal whose ansceters are all from the same recognized bred

What is regurgitation? ---return of partially digested food from the stomach to the mouth

What is reproduction? ---the natural process by which new individuals are created

What is respiratory? ---pertaining to breathing

What is retractable? ---able to be drawn back

What is salivating? ---producing watery fluid in the mouth

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What is sedentary? ---sitting or resting a great deal with little exercise

What is a seizure? ---a sudden attack characterized by fits of convulsions.

What is self-mutilation? ---to injure or disfigure oneself

44 CAT UNIT TWO

What does spontaneous mean? ---an unplanned result coming from a natural process

What does susceptible mean? ---capable of becoming ill or injured

What does symptom mean? ---a sign or indication of a disease or disorder

What is a tranquillizer? ---a drug that has a calming effect

What is a vaccination? ---the implanting of a disease in an animal by the introduction of germs or a virus, as through a puncture, in order to produce a mild form of the disease, thereby securing immunity

What is a virus? ---a disease-producing microorganism that causes many of the most serious cat diseases and cannot be treated with antibiotics

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What do we call something that is unusual or not typical or average? ---abnormal

What is expelling kittens from the uterus before they are able to live? ---abort

What is the primary material of protein? ---amino acids

What do we call the structure of the body or any of its parts?

45 CAT UNIT TWO ---anatomy

What is the stock from which an animal has descended; forefathers? ---ancestor

What do we call a drug that stops pain? ---anesthetic

What do we call the substance produced by white blood cells that helps fight illness-causing agents such as bacteria? ---antibody

What do we call the forcing of air into and out of the lungs of an animal that is not breathing? ---artificial respiration

What is the microscopic organism that can cause disease? ---bacteria

What do we call a group of cats with similar, defined characteristics and related ancestry? ---breed

What is the word meaning pertaining to the heart and blood vessels? ---cardiovascular

What is the word meaning meat eating? ---carnivorous

What is the word meaning a distinguishing feature or quality? ---characteristic

What is the word for the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood through an animal? ---circulatory

What do we call the body form of a cat, including size and shape, characteristic of its breed; type? --- conformation

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

46 CAT UNIT TWO

What do we call the inflammation of the membrane lining the inner eye and eyeball? ---conjunctivitis

What do we call being able to be passed from one animal to another? ---contagious

What do we call the twisting of the body caused by violent muscular contractions? ---convulsion

What do we call the loss of water or moisture? ---dehydration

What do we call to determine by examination the cause and character of an illness ? ---diagnosis .

A substance that can be converted by the body to be used for nourishment is said to be what? ---digestible

What is the word for walk ing on tip-toe? ---digitigrade

What do we call to note or observe a difference ? ---discriminate

What is another word for an illness or sickness? ---disease

What is the word meaning to tame; to change from wild to household or family use? ---domesticate

What do we call the inflammation of the flesh caused by exposure to extreme cold? ---frostbite

What do we call the inflammation of gums? ---gingivitis

47 CAT UNIT TWO

What do we call the result of a mating between two different breeds? ---hybrid

What do we call the protection from a particular disease? ---immunity

What do we call the period of time between infection and showing signs of disease? ---incubation

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What is the word for originating in a particular region or country? ---indigenous

What is the word meaning affected with disease producing germs? ---infection

What is the word meaning overrun by a large number of something troublesome (like fleas)? ---infestation

What do we call redness or swelling of a part of the body? ---inflammation

What is the word meaning taking into the body, such as food or liquid? ---ingesting

What is the word meaning keep separate from other animals? ---isolate

What do we call the producing of milk? ---lactating

What is another word for flexible or limber? ---lithe

48 CAT UNIT TWO

What do we call the length or duration of life? ---longevity

What is the word meaning to make slippery or smooth? ---lubricate

If food materials are not properly balanced or there is not enough to be taken in and utilized effectively; malnourishment, what occurs? ---malnutrition

What are small, red crusty skin wounds? ---Miliary Dirmititis

What is the lining of an inner part of the body that discharges mucus? ---mucus membrane

What is the word for the system of muscles of the body? ---musculature

Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

What do we call the change of a characteristic caused by a change in a gene or chromosome? ---mutation

What is the word for extremely overweight? ---obese

What is an animal or plant that lives and feeds in or on another animal or plant? ---parasite

What is the line of ancestors of a purebred animal or the document recording this? ---pedigree

49 CAT UNIT TWO

If we are studying the processes or functions of a body or a part of the body, what are we studying? ---physiology

What is the coloration of skin called? ---pigmentation

What is having more than the normal number of toes? ---polydactyl

What is another word for ancestor or forefather? ---progenitor

What do we call a substance made up of amino acids? ---protein

If an animal's ancestors are all from the same recognized breed, what do we call that animal? ---a purebred

What is the return of partially digested food from the stomach to the mouth? ---regurgitation

What is the natural process by which new individuals are created? ---reproduction

What is the system pertaining to breathing? ---respiratory

What is the word meaning able to be drawn back? ---retractable

If an animal is producing watery fluid in its mouth, we say it is doing what? ---salivating Chapter Nine Continued: Vocabulary

If an animal is sitting or resting a great deal with little exercise, we say it is what?

50 CAT UNIT TWO ---sedentary

What is a sudden attack characterized by fits of convulsions? ---seizure

What do we call to injure or disfigure oneself? ---self-mutilation

What do we call the unplanned result coming from a natural process? ---spontaneous

What do we call being capable of becoming ill or injured? ---susceptible

What do we call a sign or indication of a disease or disorder? ---symptom

What is a drug that has a calming effect? ---tranquillizer

What is the implanting of a disease in an animal by the introduction of germs or a virus, as through a puncture, in order to produce a mild form of the disease, thereby securing immunity? ---vaccination

What is a disease-producing micro-organism that causes many of the most serious cat diseases and cannot be treated by antibiotics? ---virus

51