An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering FOURTH EDITION
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Annual Report 2015 / Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal. (KIT
KIT SCIENTIFIC REPOrts 7725 Annual Report 2015 Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung H. Geckeis, M. Altmaier, S. Fanghänel (eds.) H. Geckeis, M. Altmaier, S. Fanghänel (eds.) Annual Report 2015 Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 7725 Annual Report 2015 Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung by H. Geckeis, M. Altmaier, S. Fanghänel (eds.) Report-Nr. KIT-SR 7725 The Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, INE, (Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung) belongs to the KIT Energy Center. The KIT Energy Center with its 1100 employees is one of the largest energy research centers in Europe. It bundels the energy research activities of the KIT, the merger of the former Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and Universität Karlsruhe and reknown cooperation partners. By this, it crosses the lines between disciplines and combines fundamental and applied research in all relevant energies for industry, household, service and mobility. The involved institutes and research groups conduct the research work on their own authority. The joining of subjects, the interdisciplinary collaboration of scientists, and the common use of high-end devices and installations, develops a new quality of research and teaching. The KIT Energy Center develops solutions in energy technology from a single source and acts as a highly valuable consultancy institution for politics, business, and society in all questions of energy. (http://www.energy.kit.edu/) Impressum Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) KIT Scientific Publishing Straße am Forum 2 D-76131 Karlsruhe KIT Scientific Publishing is a registered trademark of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. -
The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On
The American Ceramic Society 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG 2019) ABSTRACT BOOK June 9–14, 2019 Boston, Massachusetts USA Introduction This volume contains abstracts for over 900 presentations during the 2019 Conference on International Commission on Glass Meeting (ICG 2019) in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstracts are reproduced as submitted by authors, a format that provides for longer, more detailed descriptions of papers. The American Ceramic Society accepts no responsibility for the content or quality of the abstract content. Abstracts are arranged by day, then by symposium and session title. An Author Index appears at the back of this book. The Meeting Guide contains locations of sessions with times, titles and authors of papers, but not presentation abstracts. How to Use the Abstract Book Refer to the Table of Contents to determine page numbers on which specific session abstracts begin. At the beginning of each session are headings that list session title, location and session chair. Starting times for presentations and paper numbers precede each paper title. The Author Index lists each author and the page number on which their abstract can be found. Copyright © 2019 The American Ceramic Society (www.ceramics.org). All rights reserved. MEETING REGULATIONS The American Ceramic Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that facilitates whether in print, electronic or other media, including The American Ceramic Society’s the exchange of knowledge meetings and publication of papers for future reference. website. By participating in the conference, you grant The American Ceramic Society The Society owns and retains full right to control its publications and its meetings. -
A Review on Iron Oxide‐Based Nanoarchitectures for Biomedical
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800512 Article type: Review A Review on Iron Oxide-Based Nanoarchitectures for Biomedical, Energy Storage, and Environmental Applications Shunsuke Tanaka, Yusuf Valentino Kaneti*, Ni Luh Wulan Septiani, Shi Xue Dou, Yoshio Bando, and Md. Shahriar A. Hossain, Jeonghun Kim, and Yusuke Yamauchi* S. Tanaka, Dr. Y. V. Kaneti, Prof. Y. Bando International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan E-mail: [email protected] N. L. W. Septiani Department of Engineering Physics and Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, 10 Ganesha Street, Bandung 40132, Indonesia S. Tanaka, Prof. S. X. Dou, Prof. Y. Bando Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia Dr. M. S. A. Hossain School of Chemical Engineering and School of Mechanical & Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia Dr. J. Kim, Prof. Y. Yamauchi This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/smtd.201800512. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. School of Chemical Engineering and School of Mechanical & Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Prof. -
Introduction to Corrosion Your Friendly TSC Corrosion Staff
Introduction to Corrosion Your Friendly TSC Corrosion Staff: Daryl Little Ph.D. Materials Science & Engineering [email protected] 303-445-2384 Lee Sears Ph.D. Materials Science & Engineering [email protected] 303-445-2392 Jessica Torrey Ph.D. Materials Science & Engineering [email protected] 303-445-2376 Roger Turcotte, PE, CPS Materials Engineer [email protected] 303-445-2383 What is Corrosion? CORROSION IS DEFINED AS THE DETERIORATION OF A MATERIAL AND/OR ITS PROPERTIES CAUSED BY A REACTION WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT. Why is Corrosion a Major Concern? First and Most Important- Public Safety! • June 28, 1983: Mianus River Bridge, Greenwich, CT (TIME photo archive) • Northbound 3-lane section of I-95 bridge collapsed, killing 3 people • “Pin and Hanger” design was compromised when pin was displaced due to extensive corrosion of load-bearing components, amplified by salt from road maintenance. • Inadequate maintenance procedures were also cited as a contributing factor. • Subsequent to this failure, extensive inspections were conducted on this type of bridge across the country, and design modification were made to prevent catastrophic failures of this kind. First and Most Important- Public Safety! • April 28,1988, Aloha Airlines 737 Accident • 18 feet of cabin skin ripped off, resulting in the death of a flight attendant and many injuries • Attributed to corrosion fatigue Reclamation Case Study- Folsom Dam • Spillway gate No. 3 was damaged beyond repair, but no flooding occurred. • Replacement of No. 3 and repair of other gates cost ~$20 million and required 40% drainage of reservoir • Cause of failure: Increasing corrosion at the trunnion pin-hub interface raised the coefficient of friction and, therefore, the bending stress in the strut and the axial force in the brace exceeded limits. -
Of the Periodic Table
of the Periodic Table teacher notes Give your students a visual introduction to the families of the periodic table! This product includes eight mini- posters, one for each of the element families on the main group of the periodic table: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Boron/Aluminum Group (Icosagens), Carbon Group (Crystallogens), Nitrogen Group (Pnictogens), Oxygen Group (Chalcogens), Halogens, and Noble Gases. The mini-posters give overview information about the family as well as a visual of where on the periodic table the family is located and a diagram of an atom of that family highlighting the number of valence electrons. Also included is the student packet, which is broken into the eight families and asks for specific information that students will find on the mini-posters. The students are also directed to color each family with a specific color on the blank graphic organizer at the end of their packet and they go to the fantastic interactive table at www.periodictable.com to learn even more about the elements in each family. Furthermore, there is a section for students to conduct their own research on the element of hydrogen, which does not belong to a family. When I use this activity, I print two of each mini-poster in color (pages 8 through 15 of this file), laminate them, and lay them on a big table. I have students work in partners to read about each family, one at a time, and complete that section of the student packet (pages 16 through 21 of this file). When they finish, they bring the mini-poster back to the table for another group to use. -
The Corrosion of Iron and Its Alloys
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Class Book Volume ^ M rlO-20M -r - 4 'f . # f- f f > # 4 Tjh- |fe ^ lINlN^ ' ^ ^ ^* 4 if i i if i^M^'M^i^ H II I li H : : \ ; . tNP* i rHt . ; ^ * 41 W 4s T »f 4 ^ -f 4. f -4- * i 4 4 : * 1- 1 4 % 3**:- ->^> A 4- - 4- + * ,,4 * 4" T '* * 4 -f- ± f * * 4- 4 -i * 4 ^ 4* -f + > * * + 1 f * 4 # * .-j* * + * ^ £ - jjR ^^MKlF^ f ^ f- + f v * IT :/^rV :,HH':,* ^ 4 * ^ 4 -f- «f f 4- 4 4 ,,rSK|M| ; * 4 # ; || II I II II f || .- -fr 4* , «g* 4 I. ^ vmiM 4- THE CORROSION OF IRON AND ITS ALLOYS BY RUSSELL SAMUEL HOWARD THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY IN THE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Presented June, 1910 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS June 1 1910 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Russel Samuel Howard ENTITLED The Corrosion of Iron and It s Alloys IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Scienc e In Chemistry Instructor in Charge Approved: HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF 167529 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 ^ttp://archive.org/details/corrosionofironiOOhowa CORROSION OF IRON AND ITS ALLOYS. In nature everything is subject to deterioration, varying from those substances decomposed by light to those only decomposed by the strong- est agents. The deterioration of metals as effected by alloying is the sub- ject of this paper and perhaps .no subject is of more vital importance to the builder and interest to the chemist than this one of corrosion. -
Vitreous Enamel: Mycenæan Period Jewelry to First Period Chemistry
Vitreous Enamel: Mycenæan Period Jewelry to First Period Chemistry Date : 17/10/2018 More durable than glass and just as beautiful, vitreous enamel, also known as porcelain enamel, offers a non-porous, glass-like finish created by fusing finely ground colored glass to a substrate through a firing process. Adding to its strength and durability, the substrate used is always a metal, whether precious or non-precious, for its stability and capacity to withstand the firing process. Origins It is unknown who first developed enamelling and when the process was first used, but the most historic enameled artifacts were discovered in Cyprus in the 1950s dating as far back as the 13th Century BC. Scientists have determined the set of six rings and an enameled golden scepter found belonged to the craftspeople of Mycenaean Greece. Enamelling Evolution Metalsmiths first used enamel to take the place of gems in their work, and this was the earliest example of “paste stones,” a common element in both precious and costume jewelry today. In © 2019 PolyVision. is the leading manufacturer of CeramicSteel surfaces for use in whiteboards, chalkboards and an array of architectural applications. Page 1 of 6 this technique, enamel is placed in channels set that have been soldered to the metal. Meaning “divided into cells,” Cloisonné refers to this earliest practiced enameling technique. Champlevé, or raised fields, differs from Cloisonné in the way the space for the enamel is created. Unlike Cloisonné, the Champlevé technique requires carving away the substrate instead of setting forms onto the metal base for the enamel to fill. -
INFLUENCE of Ph on the LOCALIZED CORROSION of IRON
BNL 39687 MIT/BNL-86-6 INFORMAL REPORT INFLUENCE OF pH ON THE LOCALIZED CORROSION OF IRON MIT/BNL-86-6 BNL—39687 DE87 010452 R. Webley and R. Henry Consultants: H. Isaacs and G. Cragnolino June 1986 BROOKHAVEN STATION SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY R.O. SPROULL. DIRECTOR F.J. HRACH, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCE BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES. INC. UPTON, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK 11973 UNDER CONTRACT NO. DE-AC02-76CH00016 WITH THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY MASTER DISTRIBUTION OF TMiS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontrac- tors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or use- fulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency, contractor or subcontractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency, contractor or subcontractor thereof. ABSTRACT The influence of pH on the pitting corrosion of iron in chloride and sul- fate solutions was determined using two artificial pit apparatuses to obtain the pH near the surface of the pit bottom. -
Galvanic Corrosion
10 GALVANIC CORROSION X. G. ZHANG Teck Metals Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada A. Introduction graphite, are dispersed in a metal, or on a ship, where the B. Definition various components immersed in water are made of different C. Factors in galvanic corrosion metal alloys. In many cases, galvanic corrosion may result in D. Material factors quick deterioration of the metals but, in other cases, the D1. Effects of coupled materials galvanic corrosion of one metal may result in the corrosion D2. Effect of area protection of an attached metal, which is the basis of cathodic D3. Effect of surface condition protection by sacrificial anodes. E. Environmental factors Galvanic corrosion is an extensively investigated subject, E1. Effects of solution as shown in Table 10.1, and is qualitatively well understood E2. Atmospheric environments but, due to its highly complex nature, it has been difficult to E3. Natural waters deal with in a quantitative way until recently. The widespread F. Polarity reversal use of computers and the development of software have made G. Preventive measures great advances in understanding and predicting galvanic H. Beneficial effects of galvanic corrosion corrosion. I. Fundamental considerations I1. Electrode potential and Kirchhoff’s law I2. Analysis B. DEFINITION I3. Polarization and resistance I4. Potential and current distributions When two dissimilar conducting materials in electrical con- References tact with each other are exposed to an electrolyte, a current, called the galvanic current, flows from one to the other. Galvanic corrosion is that part of the corrosion that occurs at the anodic member of such a couple and is directly related to the galvanic current by Faraday’s law. -
Brad A. James, Ph.D., P.E., FASM
Brad A. James, Ph.D., P.E., FASM Group Vice President & Principal Engineer | Materials & Corrosion Engineering 149 Commonwealth Drive | Menlo Park, CA 94025 (650) 688-7391 tel | [email protected] Professional Profile Dr. James specializes in failure analysis, failure prevention, and integrity assessment of engineering structures and components. His specific expertise includes metallurgy, materials science, fracture, fatigue, material degradation, corrosion, life prediction, and design. In his many years of engineering experience, Dr. James has conducted thousands of failure analysis investigations on widely varying engineering structures, ranging from miniscule medical devices to power- plant components. Dr. James also helps clients from various industries prevent failures, assess the integrity of their designs or equipment, as well as interact with governmental agencies. Dr. James has special interest in fractography, fracture mechanics, wear, corrosion, embrittlement phenomena, microstructural development, heat treatment, material selection, and welding and joining. The common thread in each of Dr. James' investigations is the application of metallurgical, materials science, and engineering mechanics fundamentals to help understand and solve complex problems. Dr. James has taught several graduate-level fracture mechanics and failure analysis courses at Stanford and Santa Clara Universities. He has also taught several courses for The American Society for Materials (ASM International) involving failure analysis, design, and life prediction/validation -
The Effects and Economic Impact of Corrosion
© 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. www.asminternational.org Corrosion: Understanding the Basics (#06691G) CHAPTER 1 The Effects and Economic Impact of Corrosion CORROSION is a natural process. Just like water flows to the lowest level, all natural processes tend toward the lowest possible energy states. Thus, for example, iron and steel have a natural tendency to com- bine with other chemical elements to return to their lowest energy states. In order to return to lower energy states, iron and steel frequently combine with oxygen and water, both of which are present in most natu- ral environments, to form hydrated iron oxides (rust), similar in chemi- cal composition to the original iron ore. Figure 1 illustrates the corro- sion life cycle of a steel product. Finished Steel Product Air & Moisture Corrode Steel & Form Smelting & Rust Refining Adding Giving Up Energy Energy Mining Ore Iron Oxide (Ore & Rust) Fig. 1 The corrosion cycle of steel © 2000 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. www.asminternational.org Corrosion: Understanding the Basics (#06691G) 2 Corrosion: Understanding the Basics The Definition of Corrosion Corrosion can be defined in many ways. Some definitions are very narrow and deal with a specific form of corrosion, while others are quite broad and cover many forms of deterioration. The word corrode is de- rived from the Latin corrodere, which means “to gnaw to pieces.” The general definition of corrode is to eat into or wear away gradually, as if by gnawing. For purposes here, corrosion can be defined as a chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its proper- ties. -
Surface Finishing Treatments
Tel.: 1-800-479-0056 Fax: 1-888-411-2841 www.aspenfasteners.com [email protected] Surface finishing treatments Surface finishing treatments can have a significant impact on the properties of fasteners, making them more suitable for specific applications. Most typically finishes are applied to improve durability (wear resistance and corrosion resistance) and/or for decorative purposes. Fasteners that are to be used in conditions where they are exposed to high physical stress levels, corrosive elements, or extreme temperatures may benefit greatly from plating/coating. Anodizing An electrolytic passivation process that forms a thin, transparent oxide layer that protects the metal substrate. Anodizing modifies the surface of the metal to produce a decorative, durable, corrosion and wear resistant finish. Unlike plating or painting, the oxide finish becomes integrated with the metallic substrate, so it cannot chip or peel and minimally alters the dimensional aspects of the part. The physical properties of this oxide layer also provides excellent adhesion for secondary processes like colouring and sealing. The term "anodizing" reflects the process whereby the metal part to be finished forms the anode of an electric circuit immersed in an electrolyte bath. The current in the circuit causes ionic oxygen to be released from the electrolyte and combine with the metallic substrate of the finished part. Black Oxide Black Oxide is a low cost conversion coating where oxidizing salts are used to react with the iron in steel alloys to form magnetite (Fe304), the black oxide of iron. The result is an attractive and durable matte black finish. While steel is the usual substrate, other materials including stainless steel, alloy, copper, brass, bronze, die cast zinc, and cast iron react equally well.