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Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District

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Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848 Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District Safoora Beevi K H1and V Devadas2 ABSTRACT Vembanadwetland is the largest wetland system in India which is the official site of the Ramsar convention on Wetlands. Human Intervention on the lake is severe which affects the function, structure and entire composition of the Vembanadwetland system. There is a drastic growth in tourism sector in and around Vembanad Lake for the past two decades. The paper focuses on the impact of tourism on Vembanadlake system as a result of the tremendous growth of Backwater tourism in and around the VembanadLake. Data from both primary and secondary sources are used for the study and analysis. Even though the Lake flows through three districts of Kerala the study area is limited to Alappuzha district only. Recommendations are found out for the sustainable development of tourism onVembanad Lake system. Keywords: Vembanad Lake, Alappuzha, Tourism, economy, Socio-cultural, Environment and Ecosystem 1 . Final Year, Master of Urban and Rural Planning, Department of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee 2 Professor Department of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District Page 542 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848 for the tourism where the nature beauty is at INDRODUCTION the peak among the Ramsar site (KA VembanadLake spreads in Alappuzha Kottayam and Ernakulum districts of Kerala which forms Vembanad wetland system of an area of 2033.02km². In the past twenty years thegrowth of tourism sector in and around the Vembanad Lakeis spectacular. Backwater tourism as emerged as the backbone of the tourism sector of Kerala state which leads to the tremendous increase of Houseboats in addition to many resorts which developed recently around the shore of lake. Kerala comes under the list of 50 places of Life Sreejith, 2013). time published by National Geographic Percentage of increaseof foreign exchange Traveller3 scenic beauty of the region earning from tourism in Kerala in last attracts the domestic as well as the foreign decade is 689%4. Rise of tourism sector in in tourists. Kuttanad wetland system including Alappuzha district results into shift of VembanadLake which is now receiving employment.one or two member from each global attention because of its unique feature house of Kuttanad area which is known as which is below MSL permits the cropping of the rice bowl of Kerala is now engaged in Rice in large quantity and permits the tourism industry as houseboat operators or harvest of fish and an area which is thriving other employment related to house boat and 3. National Geographic, Editor’s Letter: 50 Places of a Lifetime: http://intelligenttravel.nationalgeographic.com/2009/ 4 .Report on Tourism statistics 2011 : Page No:2 09/17/50_places_of_a_lifetime_1/. Retrieved Foreign Exchange Earnings (Rs. In Crores) 2001 is on 30 May 2013. 535 and 2011 is 4221.99 Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District Page 543 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848 backwater tourism5. This shift in jobs and in manufacturing it is 13 jobs for employment sector from agricultural to the the same investment6. According to the service sector is caused as a result of change Kerala Tourists statistics 2013 Foreign in attitude and perception to the traditional exchange from Tourism for the year 2013 is occupation like agriculture (Narayanan, Rs: 5560.77crore which is an increase of 2003).Shift of employment itself indirectly 21.63 % over the previous year and Foreign effects the agricultural production of the Tourist arrival to Kerala during the year region. Uncontrolled growth in the number 2013 is 8, 58,143 It shows an increase of of the houseboat in Vembanad wetland 8.12 % over the previous year’s figure of 7, system affectsthe environment system of 93,696. Total Revenue (including direct & lake. Paper focuses on the adverse effect of indirect) from Tourism during 2013 is Rs: the backwater tourism growth in the 22,926.55crore, which is an increase of Alappuzha on the environment system of 12.22% over the last year. Tourism in wetland and Livelihood of the area around Kerala provides direct and indirect the lake and to find out the recommendation employment for 1 million people in Kerala for the sustainable development of and contributes Rs1000crore every year to backwater tourism in the region. the investment pool of the economy (Vijayakumar, 2009: 5). House boat TOURISM AND ECONOMY Tourism in Kerala is the main destination for the foreign Touristscoming to Kerala. According to state Planning Board Report For house boat Tourism in Vembanad Lake Tourism contributes about 9% of total of the Alappuzha(population: 174,164, capital of gross domestic product and thus Tourism Alappuzha district) and plays an important role in the development Kumarakom(population: 25,000, Kottayam of Kerala’s economic growth. An District) act as the two major destinations. investment of Rs12 lakh can create 89 jobs in Tourism, whereas in agriculture it is 45 In Alappuzha district alone the total domestic tourist arrival for the year 2013 is 5 211749 which is 6.29% increase of previous Data from the primary survey done in Kainakary Panchayath of sample size 100 household for Un published PG Dissertation” Planning for Integrated 6 development of Inland waterways in Alappuzha WTTC. 2003. Kerala: the impact of travel and District Kerala” by Safoorabeevi K H , MURP ,IIT tourism on jobs and the economy. World Travel and Roorkee . Tourism Council, United Kingdom. Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District Page 544 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848 years and International tourist arrival in suppliers, washing and cleaning of boats, Alappuzha district for the year 2013 is autoriksha and taxi drivers, travel agents and 50760 which is an increase of 9.07% of others. By combining direct and indirect previous year7. Domestic House boat employment it can provide job for 10,000 tourism in Alappuzha district is increasing persons. for the past decade and it contributes about 70% of the House boat Tourism in SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACTS Alappuzha district (Corinne Karlaganis / N. According to Ratz (2000) tourism can affect C. Narayanan, 2014). In Alappuzha and Socio-cultural of host community which Kottayam districts the total number of includes changes in traditional lifestyles, registered house boat number exceeds 1000 . value systems, family relationships, This indicates the tremendous growth of individual behavior and community House boat industry which is started 20 structure. Even though the tourism sector in years back with 20 boats. From the primary the region has greater economic benefits survey done in Kainakary Panchayath which which are employment income and foreign is surrounded by the Vembanadkayal found generations there are also negative socio- that from each house hold at least one environmental impacts(Vijayakumar, member is directly or indirectly involved in 2009:5). Houseboat tourism activities are the Houseboat Tourism.14% of the total affecting the privacy of livelihood of people population of the Kainakary region of living in the region around the sample size of 100 households is involved VembanadLake. Enormous photography by directly and indirectly in the Houseboat tourists is affecting the privacy of the people Tourism industry. The houseboat Industry whose daily life is closely linked with the can provide the direct employment of 3 backwater system8. Some NGOs of the persons per boat (a captain, aguide/helper region also mentioned about the increasing and a cook- work on each house boat), the of fish price and prostitution taking place in rise in number of houseboats which is now some Houseboats (Corinne Karlaganis / N. above 1000 boats can provide 4500 direct C. Narayanan, 2014). employment and indirect employment of about 5000 including the fish and vegetable 8 Interviews done among the local people of the 7The report on kerala tourism statistics 2013 Vembanad lake region mainly Kainakary Panchayath Impact of Tourism on Vembanadlake System in Alappuzha District Page 545 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848 Socio cultural impacts of tourism are effects occupation related to tourism sector and this on host communities with direct or indirect causes the lack of availability of labors for connection with tourist and tourism industry. the paddy cultivation. This actsindirectly as These are subjective, not always apparent, the cause for the decline of paddy and are often difficult to measure as to large production in the region. extent they are indirect (Ratz, 2000). From the household survey done in Kainakary BACK WATER TOURISM AND panchayath of sample size hundred it is ENVIRONMENT found that the 52% of the total respondent’s Environmentalimpact’s measurement is opinion were their privacy is highly important because people’s support for affecting by the Houseboat tourism, 29% tourism development depends upon their were of opinion that it is slightly affecting attitudes towards environmental changes and 19% were of opinion that it is not (Jurowski,et al. 1997). ‘Most of the natural affecting. This shows the Negative impact of resources used in tourism are either common tourism on the privacy of the livelihood of or public property. Unplanned and reckless people living around the VembanadLake. use of these resources with profit motive will ultimately bring home what is labeled A shift in employment sector is noticed in as “The Tragedy of the Commons”’ the region. The Kuttanad wetland region (Vijayakumar, 2009: 3). Livelihood of around the VembanadLake was deeply people around the Vembanad Lake is very rooted in Paddy cultivation. The land much related to water, the agricultural covered by paddy cultivation in Alappuzha fishing activities depends on the quality of district is 25% more than the state average9.
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