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Mushroom Basics by Dan Gill, Ethno-Gastronomist
Mushroom Basics By Dan Gill, Ethno-Gastronomist Photos compliments of “Wildman” Steve Brill http://www.wildmanstevebrill.com The Good White Morel Morchella deliciosa I was working in the woods on a fine spring day several years ago, when I thought I smelled mushrooms. Looking around the mixed hardwood stand dominated by Tulip Poplars, I noticed a lot of Sweetgum balls. When I looked closer, I realized that many were actually morel mushrooms in camouflage. Once my eyes and brain adapted to the difference, I realized that I was surrounded by a stealthy delicacy, some six inches high. I ran for some brown paper bags and picked several pounds. Though I have found edible mushrooms in every month of the year, the season really begins, at least psychologically, in early spring with the emergence of morels, or “merkles” as they are known by many mushroomers. Start looking around apple blossom time when wild asparagus and May Apples are up and oak leaves are the size of squirrel’s ears, or about mid April. Morels are sometimes found in unusual places, such as mulch piles and lawns (especially near elm trees), but they often inhabit old apple orchards, Tulip Poplar stands and burned over woodlands. If you find more than you can use right away, call me – I will even help you pick them! Otherwise dry them. Morel flavor actually intensifies with drying. There are many excellent edibles, besides morels, that grow in abundance throughout Virginia and are easily identified, once you know what to look for. The differences and points of distinction are characteristic and quite obvious: Is the cap of a certain color, texture or feel? Does it have gills, pores or spikes underneath? What color are the gills and spore print? Does it grow on the ground or on trees, in the woods or on lawns? Once you have seen, touched, smelled and tasted a specific mushroom, it is like telling the difference between an apple and a tomato. -
Pipestem Foray Overview
Volume 49:1 January ⁄ February 2008 www.namyco.org Pipestem Foray Overview An East-Coaster’s Perspective A West-Coaster’s Perspective by Dave Wasilewski by Debbie Viess For about 25 years now I have As Steve Trudell rightly pointed out hunted and studied wild mush- to me, don’t gloat about your mush- rooms, but I’ve never been active in rooms until they are safely in your a club. The NAMA Orson K. Miller basket! The continuing “Curse of Memorial Foray held in Pipestem, NAMA” (some call it global warm- WV, this past August was the first ing) slipped in the back door, behind such event that I have ever at- the earlier and heartening West tended. Virginia thunderstorms. Extreme I must admit that, as I drove heat and lack of rain for the previ- south on Interstate 81 through two ous couple of weeks made condi- solid hours of Pennsylvania rainfall tions on the ground challenging for on an eight-hour trip to a place hopeful finders of fungi. Chlorosplenium aeruginascens, one of where little or no rain had fallen for Luckily, my Southern Belle the many delights found at Pipestem. over a week, for the purpose of hostess with the mostest, Coleman hunting wild mushrooms, I felt a bit McCleneghan, took me on a few names like Gyroporus and Pulvero- conflicted. My mind wandered pre-NAMA forays in Virginia, where boletus, tucked among the through conifer groves in the conditions were much improved. My many shades of forest green and Poconos where imaginary boletes very first walk ever along the brown. -
Mushrumors the Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 20 Issue 3 September - November 2009
MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 20 Issue 3 September - November 2009 2009 Mushroom Season Blasts into October with a Flourish A Surprising Turnout at the Annual Fall Show by Our Fungal Friends, and a Visit by David Arora Highlighted this Extraordinary Year for the Northwest Mushroomers On the heels of a year where the weather in Northwest Washington could be described as anything but nor- mal, to the surprise of many, include yours truly, it was actually a good year for mushrooms and the Northwest Mushroomers Association shined again at our traditional fall exhibit. The members, as well as the mushrooms, rose to the occasion, despite brutal conditions for collecting which included a sideways driving rain (which we photo by Pam Anderson thought had come too late), and even a thunderstorm, as we prepared to gather for the greatly anticipated sorting of our catch at the hallowed Bloedel Donovan Community Building. I wondered, not without some trepidation, about what fungi would actually show up for this years’ event. Buck McAdoo, Dick Morrison, and I had spent several harrowing hours some- what lost in the woods off the South Pass Road in a torrential downpour, all the while being filmed for posterity by Buck’s step-son, Travis, a videographer creating a documentary about mushrooming. I had to wonder about the resolve of our mem- bers to go forth in such conditions in or- In This Issue: Fabulous first impressions: Marjorie Hooks der to find the mush- David Arora Visits Bellingham crafted another artwork for the centerpiece. -
Amanita Muscaria (“Fly Agaric”)
WILD MUSHROOMS An Introductory Presentation by Pam McElroy and Anna Russo Lincoln County Mycological Society FIELD GUIDES • Mushrooms Demystified by David Arora • All That the Rain Promises, and More by David Arora • Field Guide to Mushrooms from National Audubon Society • Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest by Steven Trudell & Joe Ammirati Mushroom Identification Traits • Gills/Pores/Teeth: What sort of spore- producing structures do you see? How are they attached? • Stalk description: Note the size, shape, color of stalk, and whether it is solid or hollow. • Spore color: Extremely important for ID. Identification Characteristics • Bruising when touched: Does the mushroom change color or bleed any liquid when it is sliced in half or grasped firmly? • Habitat: Anything about the surrounding area, including trees, temperature, soil, moisture. • Time of year: certain mushrooms fruit during certain times of the year • Cap description: Like the stalk, note all physical characteristics of the cap. • Smell and taste: Great amount of information The Good Guys……….. Edible, delicious, delectable…….what’s not to love? The bad guys………. • Like the little girl with the curl, when mushrooms are good, they are very, very good……….and when they are bad, they are dreadful! • There are some DEADLY mushrooms….and you can’t tell which ones unless you educate yourself. Let’s take a look at some of the “bad boys” of the mushroom world. • Before you even consider eating a wild mushroom that you have picked, you MUST know the poisonous ones. • In mycological circles, -
Commercial Wild Mushroom Harvesting in the Willamette National Forest
MUSHROOMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: COMMERCIAL WILD MUSHROOM HARVESTING IN THE WILLAMETTE NATIONAL FOREST by BECCA MARSHALL A THESIS Presented to the Department of Environmental Studies and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts June 2018 An Abstract of the Thesis of Becca Marshall for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of Environmental Studies to be taken June 2018 Title: Mushrooms and Environmental Justice: Commercial Wild Mushroom Harvesting in the Willamette National Forest Approved: _______________________________________ Dr. Kathryn Lynch This research examines the extent to which Willamette National Forest’s management of commercial wild mushrooms incorporates environmental justice principles. In Oregon, the edible, wild mushroom industry contributes to a significant portion of the economy, and thousands of commercial harvesters are out picking. Commercial mushroom harvesters are a diverse group of people who live on the fringes of society, are highly mobile, politically weak and largely understudied. The United States Forest Service land makes up the majority of the land that harvesters rely on to pick mushrooms. However, timber activities like clear cuts and logging destroy mushroom patches and the voices of harvesters are largely missing in public planning processes that impact decisions made by the Forest Service. The disenfranchisement of the commercial wild mushroom harvester community relates to themes of environmental justice. Environmental justice looks at the undue burden actions place on marginalized communities, and through this lens we can examine how the Forest Service can more justly and holistically manage United States lands. For my research, I interviewed harvesters and land managers, and reviewed the Willamette National ii Forest’s natural resource documents for how they manage for wild mushrooms. -
Fungal Jungle
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8251m88 No online items Fungal Jungle M. Carey The University Library Special Collections and Archives University Library University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, California, 95064 Email: [email protected] URL: http://library.ucsc.edu/speccoll/ © 2013 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Fungal Jungle MS 5 1 Fungal Jungle Collection number: MS 5 The University Library Special Collections and Archives University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, California Processed by: M. Carey Date Completed: March 2014 Encoded by: M. Carey © 2013 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Fungal Jungle Dates: 1970-1976 Collection number: MS 5 Creator: Arora, David Collection Size: 1 document box Repository: University of California, Santa Cruz. University Library. Special Collections and Archives Santa Cruz, California 95064 Abstract: This collection contains an annotated typescript photocopy & photographs for Arora's preliminary field guide "Fungal Jungle". Physical location: Stored in Special Collections & Archives: Advance notice is required for access to the papers. Languages: Languages represented in the collection: English Access Collection open for research. Publication Rights Property rights reside with the University of California. Literary rights are retained by the creators of the records and their heirs. For permission to publish or to reproduce the material, please contact the Head of Special Collections and Archives. Preferred Citation David Arora papers. MS 5. Special Collections and Archives, University Library, University of California, Santa Cruz. Acquisition Information Gift of David Arora. Biography David Arora (born October 23, 1952 is an American mycologist, naturalist, and writer. -
Mushrooms of the National Forests in Alaska
Mushrooms of the National Forests in Alaska United States Forest Service R10 --RG 209 Department of Alaska Region FEB 2013 Agriculture Introduction The coastal temperate rainforests of the Tongass and Chugach national forests often produce prolific fruitings of mushrooms in late summer and fall. For many Alaskans, mushrooms are a source of food. For others, they are a source of pigments for dyeing wool and other natural fibers. Still others merely enjoy their beauty. However, all Alaskans should appreciate these fungi for, without them, there would be no forests here. This brochure presents an introduction to mushrooms and illustrates a number of the more common and interesting of our local species to help Alaskans and visitors to better understand and enjoy our magnificent national forests. Unlike most plants, birds, and mammals, very few mushrooms have common names. Thus, while we have used common names where they exist, many of the species in this brochure can be referred to only by their scientific names. But, never fear. If you can talk with your kids about Tyrannosaurus rex, you can handle mushroom names! What is a mushroom? Mushrooms are produced by some fungi (singular: fungus), and their primary purpose is to make and spread tiny reproductive propagules called spores, which function much like plant seeds. After long being considered primitive plants, fungi now are accepted as their own kingdom. Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food, and their cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose. Interestingly, chitin also is found in insect exoskeletons, providing evidence that the fungi are more closely related to animals (including us!) than they are to plants. -
Commercial Harvests of Edible Mushrooms from the Forests of The
Forest Ecology and Management 5593 (2001) 1–14 3 Commercial harvests of edible mushrooms from the forests 4 of the Pacific Northwest United States: issues, management, 5 and monitoring for sustainability * 1 6 David Pilz , Randy Molina 7 Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 8 US Department of Agriculture, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA 9 10 Abstract 11 12 Widespread commercial harvesting of wild edible mushrooms from the forests of the Pacific Northwest United States 13 (PNW-US) began 10–15 years ago. A large proportion of suitable forest habitat in this region is managed by the Forest Service 14 (US Department of Agriculture) and Bureau of Land Management (US Department of the Interior). These lands are managed 15 under an ecosystem management philosophy that entails multiple-use, sustainable forest product harvesting, resource 16 monitoring, public participation in forest management issues, and holistic planning. Managing the harvest of edible 17 mushrooms engages every aspect of this management philosophy. We examine a variety of issues raised by mushroom 18 harvesting and how these issues interact with forest ecosystem management choices. We discuss regulations currently being 19 used by managers to conserve the mushroom resource while further information is gathered, unique challenges and 20 considerations inherent to sampling fungi, and current research and monitoring activities in the Pacific Northwest. Although 21 current scientific evidence suggests that harvesting likely will not harm the resource in the short term, no statistically-based 22 monitoring information exists about the cumulative impacts of intensive and widespread commercial harvesting over long- 23 time periods. -
To Download Sample Issue
The Journal of Wild Mushrooming Spring-Summer 2018 Issue 118, Vol.33, No.1-2 $7.95 in U.S., $8.95 in Canada Postmaster: Mailed as Periodical Small spalted bowl showcasing every type of spalting. Turned and spalted by Seri Robinson (test tubes) Full range of colors available from the four pri- mary spalting fungi: Scytalidium cuboideum, Scytalidium gano- dermophthorum, Chlorociboria aeruginascens, Chlorociboria aeruginosa (Wood in the lower left corner) Green zone line from the Ama- zon rainforest of Peru. Many zone lines appear black but are actually just highly concentrated colors. (spalted wood just below) Red zone lines found in the Amazon rainforest of Peru (spalted wood bottom right cor- ner) Red-purple pigment found in the Amazon rainforest of Peru See the full article on p. 15! 2 2 Spring-SummerWinter-Spring 2011, 2018, Mushroom Mushroom the the Journal Journal ISSN 0740-8161 Issue 118 Vol. 33, No. 1-2 Spring-Summer 2018 The Journal of Wild Mushrooming Cover Photo: Amanita jacksonii photographed by Walt Sturgeon. For more of Walt’s photos, see the photo-essay on pp. 56-7. Coordinating Editors: Features Leon Shernoff ([email protected]) 13 A Term Defined, by Anne Yen Editor emeritus: 15 The Old Art and New Science of Spalted Wood, by Seri Robinson Don H.Coombs 22 Getting Started at Knowing Mushrooms, by Lee Schuler 33 A Life Full of Mushrooming, by Chuck Barrows Book Review Editor: Ron Tracy 58 Mushrooms and Microhabitats, by Jack Waytz ([email protected]) 66 Amanita muscaria – The Organometallic Dimension, by Beowulf Glutzenbaum Editorial Advisory Board: 68 An Unusual Poison Control Call, by Bill Bakaitis Scott Redhead Agriculture Canada, Ottawa Departments David Arora 4 Easy Edibles: The Newish Morels, by Bob Sommer and Leon Shernoff Santa Cruz, California 9 Word Puzzle: Morel Names, by Donald and Leon Shernoff 10 Obituary: Maggie Rogers, by Betty Gering Paul Stamets Olympia, Washington 24 The Cooking Column: The Joy of Black Trumpets 26 Book Reviews: The Forest Unseen and The Songs of Trees, reviewed by James M. -
Mcilvainea Vol. 2, No. 1, 1975
We] vamea JOURNAL OF AMERICAN AMATEUR MYCOLOGY VOLUME TWO 1975 NUMBER ONE PUBLISHED BY THE NORTH AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION We] vamea JOURNAL OF AMERICAN AMATEUR MVCOLOGY VOLUME TWO 1975 NUMBER ONE I— CONTENTS H1 The Molel: A Study wnh a Moral. Lows C. C. KRIEGEH With an Introduction by JOHN A. STEVENSON Desert 6 Forays In the Owyhee v. ,. ELLEN TRUEBLDUD ..,, ............... .11 0! V. , And a Touch Cyanide W. Scorr CHILTON ............ ..... V 13 Amam'ta phalloides in California. , . DAVID ARORA ...................... 15 Mushroom Posxage Stamps . JEANNE and FAT PETEHSON..... ...... ........... Course Intentional Poisoning _ _17 The at an _____ W SCOTT CHILTON Lfixemuel Ray Hesler .19 A. J. SHARP .................................. An lncidemoi Mushroom Poisomng 23 ARNE BENSON On Morals 27 Two Specues of Fa|se . .............. (Gymmftral in Utah ________________ KENT H. MCKNIGHT Book RevieWS. V 40 KNTGHToN MRS. D. MS! 5H .............ALLEW STANLEv. ..... and WM. Barnes Cog/<5 Errata 46 ......................... INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTRIBUTORS EDITORIAL COMMITTEE J. Dennis Pollack, Editorin-Chiet Mc/lvar'nea solicits and will consider for publication original technical reviews. All be Harry Knighton, Business Manager articles, shorter communications, and copies should submitted in triplicate, typewritten. double spaced, with ‘l to IV: inch margins. Tables C. Wayne Ellett should be on separate pages. Referencing should follow the style in the magazine Science published Richard Grimm set by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This style was Gene Rose chosen because of its simplicity, adaptability, and availability as an example in most public libraries. Authors please note that this referencing style permits the inclusion, in the section titled Referencesand Notes, of personal EDITORIAL ASSISTANT comments. -
WILD MUSHROOMS a Taste of Enchantment
WILD MUSHROOMS a taste of enchantment On meadows, where were wont to camp White mushrooms rosy gilled, At dawn we gathered dewy-damp Until the basket filled. Anonymous Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................2 PART 1: EDIBILITY Aren’t most mushrooms poisonous?.............................................................................................................. 3 Don’t a lot of the edible mushrooms have poisonous look alikes?.......................................................... 4 What about those experts that you hear about in the news killing themselves?.................................. 4 What’s the difference between “poisonous” and “not edible?” ............................................................... 5 What about when it says “poisonous to some” or “edible with caution?” ............................................ 6 What does “edibility unknown” mean?......................................................................................................... 7 Why don’t I just be normal and stay away from wild mushrooms? ....................................................... 8 So how can I be careful eating mushrooms?................................................................................................. 9 Is it really necessary to cook mushrooms? .................................................................................................. 10 PART 2: GATHERING When should I go -
NPSG Feb 2007
G FEBRUARY S 2007 P N NATIVE PLANT STUDY GROUP MYCOLOGICAL MEANDERINGS lium can transport sugar nutrients from a tree that Richard Winder took us on an ecological and with surplus supplies to a tree with greater needs. identification journey into the world of mushrooms. Amazingly, over 50 mycorrhizal mushrooms have As well as describing many mushrooms according been found in association with Douglas-firs. Many to season, he gave us a glimpse into their critical plants would not be able to compete successfully importance in maintaining our natural environment. without their fungal connections. Mushrooms inhabit a niche in which they are Richard finds mushrooms an affirmation that neither plant nor animal. Producing no chlorophyll, life is tough but survives in a number of situations, they cannot manufacture their own food and so are such as in the fall when most plant species are dying not considered plants. Their lack of internal or- or going dormant, many mushrooms come into full gans, and immobility mean they are not animals, reproductive mode. although they feed themselves by digesting other The 2003 fires in the East Kootenay Forest Dis- organisms. Mushrooms are considered “higher” trict provided opportunities to study and search for fungi in that they have a fleshy fruiting body. Some morels and other mushrooms. Apparently BC is the are saprophytes that eat dead material and are re- epicenter for morel speciation because of fire his- sponsible for decomposition while others are para- tory and varied topography. Morchella elata was sitic and feed off living material. Still others are found in both a red and green form; in places cov- mycorrhizal and have a mutually beneficial rela- ered in grey ashes grey pubescent morels were tionship with plants by exchanging nutrients.