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Chronological Table Chronological Table 1933 January Hitler becomes Chancellor of Ger­ many. February Japan leaves League ofNations. October Germany leaves League of Nations and Disarmament Conference. 1934 January German-Polish pact. July Abortive Nazi putsch in Austria; murder ofDollfuss. October Murder of Alexander of Yugoslavia and Barthou. 1935 January Saar plebiscite. March Hitler announces conscription and a military air force. May Franco-Soviet and Czecho-Soviet pacts. June Anglo-German naval agreement. October Abyssinia invaded by Italy. 1936 March Rhineland reoccupied by Germany. July Austro-German agreement. Spanish Civil War begins. November Rome-Berlin Axis announced. Germany and Japan sign anti-Comin- ternpact. 1937 May Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister. July Japanese begin advance into China. September Mussolini visits Germany. November Italy joins anti-Comintern pact. Hitler's 'Hossbach' survey. Halifax visits Hitler. 1938 4 February Ribbentrop replaces Neurath as Foreign Minister. 206 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 12 February Schuschnigg visits Hitler at Berchtes- gaden. 20February Resignation of Eden. gMarch Austrian plebiscite announced. II March Schuschnigg forced by Berlin to re- sign. I2 March German occupation ofAustria. 13March Annexation of Austria proclaimed. 28March Konrad Henlein's destructive Sudeten tactics approved by Hitler. r6April Anglo-Italian agreement negotiated. 28-2gApril Daladier and Bonnet in London. 3-gMay Hitler in Italy. 20-22May Scare over Czechoslovakia. 23 July Lord Runciman 'invited' to Czecho­ slovakia. 7 September The Times follows the lead of the New Statesman in suggesting the cession of the 'Sudetenland'. Benes offers to meet the Sudeten German demands. 8 September Talks between Prague and the Sudeten German Party broken off by latter. 13 September Rioting in Sudetenland. 15 September Chamberlain visits Hitler at Berchtes­ gaden. 18 September Daladier and Bonnet in London. 19 September Anglo-French advice to Benes to cede areas containing 50 per cent or more Germans. 20 September Czech refusal. 21 September Anglo-French ultimatum to Benes; accepted. 22 September HodZa. resigns as Premier of Czecho­ slovakia. 22-23 September Chamberlain visits Hitler at Godes­ berg. 25 September Daladier in London. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 207 26 September Sir Horace Wilson to Berlin. Hitler's Sportpalast speech. Foreign Office communique promises Britain and Russia will aid France ifshe stands by the Czechs. · 27 September British Fleet mobilised; Chamberlain broadcasts to the nation. - 28 September Hitler accepts Mussolini's proposal of Four-Power talks. 29-30 September Four-Power agreement at Munich. 30 September Polish ultimatum to Czechoslovakia. 5 October Benes resigns. 2 November Vienna award gives southern Slovakia and part ofRuthenia to Hungary. Io November Fresh and systematic persecution of Jews in Germany. 16 November Anglo-Italian agreement ratified. 6 December Franco-German declaration of friend­ ship. 1939 5]anuary Beck visits Hitler at Berchtesgaden. 6 January Chamberlain and Halifax in Rome. 6 March Ruthenian administration dismissed by Prague. 9 March Slovak administration dismissed by Prague. 13 March Tiso in Berlin. 14 March Slovak Diet votes for independence. 14-15 March President Hacha in Berlin. 15 March Germany occupies remainder of Bohemia and Moravia. Hungary begins occupying Ruthenia. I g March Britain rejects Soviet proposal for Five-Power talks on Rumania. 20 March Lithuanian Foreign Minister in Berlin. 21 March Ribbentrop-Lipski talk on Danzig. 23 March Lithuania cedes Memel to Ger- many. 208 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 23 March German-Rumanian economic agree­ ment. 31 March Provisional Anglo-French guarantee of Poland announced. 4-6April Beck in London. 7 April Italian seizure of Albania. 13 April Anglo-French guarantee of Greece and Rumania. 14April Anglo-French negotiations with the Soviet Union recommence. 17 April Soviet proposal for a tripartite alliance with West. 28April Hitler denounces Anglo-German naval agreement and German­ Polish pact. 3May Litvinov replaced by Molotov as Soviet Foreign Minister. 8May Britain rejects Soviet proposal for tripartite alliance. 12May Provisional Anglo-Turkish pact an­ nounced. 22May Pact of Steel signed in Berlin. 23May Hitler addresses his generals on Danzig and Poland. 30May Nazi-Soviet negotiations for improved relations begin in earnest. 14]une Japanese blockade British concession at Tientsin. 2gjune Halifax speech at Chatham House. 1-2july Scare over Danzig. x8-2xjuly Dr. Wohlthat in London for economic talks. 4-6August Danzig-Polish customs crisis. g-wAugust Mutual German-Polish warnings over Danzig. 11 August Professor Burckhardt visits Hitler. 11-13 August Ciano visits Hitler and Ribbentrop. 12 August Anglo-French-Soviet military talks begin in Moscow. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 209 14August Hitler addresses his generals on forth­ coming action against Poland. Soviet question regarding passage of troops through Poland and Ru­ mania halts military talks. 16August Danzig-Polish cust01ns talks begin. 20August Hitler urges Stalin to receive Ribben­ trop in the immediate future. 21 August Anglo-French-Soviet military talks suspended. Forthcoming Nazi-Soviet pact an­ nounced. 22August Hitler addresses his generals on the need to fight. Britain reaffirms its pledge to Poland. :~sAugust Nazi-Soviet pact signed in Moscow. Chamberlain's personal appeal de- livered to Hitler; Hitler replies. Mussolini suggests Britain persuade Poland to surrender Danzig. 24August Danzig-Polish customs talks broken off. Parliament reassembles in London. 25August Hitler offers lasting friendship with British Empire. Anglo-Polish agreement signed. Mussolini informs Hitler that he cannot participate in a general conflict. German invasion of Poland, ordered for 26th, postponed. 26August Daladier personal appeal to Hitler. 27August B. Dahlerus in London with hint of 'reasonable' German demands over Danzig and Corridor. Mussolini promises to help Britain in search for peace. Hitler thinks of temporarily accepting Polish climb-down. 210 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 28 August New date of German attack fixed for 1 September. Beck agrees in principle to direct German-Polish negotiations. Official British reply delivered to Hitler; Hitler demands Danzig, Corridor and parts of Silesia. 29 August Poland persuaded by Britain and France to postpone full mobilisa­ tion. Mussolini urges Hitler to accept British proposals as basis for settle­ ment. Hitler accepts negotiations, demand­ ing arrival of Polish plenipotentiary onsoth. go August Dahlerus brings outline of new, moderate German proposals to London. Polish mobilisation announced. Ribbentrop reads new German pro­ posals to Henderson, but refuses to give them in writing. 31 August Poland informs Germany that she is favourably considering British pro­ posal ofdirect negotiations. Mussolini proposes conference to dis­ cuss Versailles grievances. Britain informed that Italy will not fight. I September Poland invaded. Britain and France warn Germany. 2 September French activity in support of Italian­ sponsored conference. Angry scenes in House of Commons. 3 September British and French ultimata delivered to Germany. War declared. Bibliography THE following list of the major sources used for this book concentrates on the years 1938-g, but a small number of works essential for understanding the background to the subject are also included. I. DOCUMENTS AND OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945 (H.M.S.O., 1948 on), series D, vols. i-vii, cover the period September 1937 to the outbreak of war, and some later volumes have also been consulted. They are indispensable, but when using them the remarks made about the relative in­ significance of the German diplomatic machinery must be home in mind. This also applies to N~ Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington, 1946-8), Iovols.; these are translations of documents and affidavits collected before the Nuremberg trial. Documents and Materials Relating to the Eve of the Second World War (Moscow, 1947-48), vols. i and ii, being German records captured by the Russians. Vol. ii has been referred to as the Dirksen Papers in the essay. New Documents on the History of Munich (Prague, 1958) contains mainly Czech and Soviet material on the 1938 crisis. SovietDocumentsonForeignPolicy, vol. 3, ed.J. Degras (O.U.P., 1953), comprises, of course, only official speeches and writings of the time. Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939 (H.M.S.O., I946 on), third series, vols. i-ix, cover the period March H 2I2 BIBLIOGRAPHY I938 to the outbreak of war. Sometimes the letters in the appendices are more revealing than the official telegrams. Le Livre Jaune Fran;ais (Paris, I 939) offers a few French documents for I 938 and more for I 939; since it was the official justification published after the outbreak of war, it is often interesting for what it does not include. The same applies to The Polish White Book (Hutchinson, I939)· I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani (Rome, I952 on), 8th series, vols. xii and xiii, cover the period 23 May 1939 to the outbreak of war. Ciano's Diplomatic Papers, ed. M. Muggeridge (Odhams, 1948), includes earlier Italian documents, but will be superseded when the official series is extended. The Trial of German Major War Criminals (H.M.S.O., 1946 on), pts. I-22, contains the proceedings of the Inter­ national Military Tribunal at Nuremberg; documents used in evidence are collected in their original language in vols. 24-42 of the record published at Nuremberg. Foreign Relations of
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