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The Creeds of Christendom

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The Creeds of Christendom ' ammnipwa ^tjmanura forte luiiraalia THE CREEDS OF CHRISTENDOM WITH A HISTORY AND CRITICAL NOTES BY PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D., LL.D.^ \ PROFESSOR OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE IN THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, N. Y. ' /.. / S > o .C~! IN TBREE VOLUMES *J <o\s . v ^ *.* Volume II. i THE GREEK AND LATIN CREEDS, WITH TRANSLATIONS. NEW YORK HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE Copyright, 1877, by Harper & Brothers. Copyright, 1905, by David S. Schaff. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA D-N NOTE. In the present edition I have added, at the close of this volume, an important document — namely, the Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIIL, on the Christian constitution and government of States. It is closely connected with the famous Syllabus of his predecessor, Pius IX. (vol. II. pp. 213-233), and sets forth more fully the papal or med- iaeval theory of the relation between Church and State. Philip Schaff. New York, December, 1889. ri — THE CREEDS OF THE /- i T r GREEK ANI> LATIN CHURCHES. i ( ~ <- ^ . V. sc; o - -<^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. (Vol. II.) THE CREEDS OF THE GREEK AND LATIN CHURCHES. I. SCRIPTURE CONFESSIONS. PAGE Introductory. 3 The Confession op Nathanael 4 The Confession of Peter 4 The Confession of Thomas 5 The Baptismal Formula 5 The Confession of the Eunuch 6 One God and one Lord 6 The Mystery of Godliness 6 The Elementary Articles . 7 Other Allusions to Creeds 7 II. ANTE-NICENE AND NICENE RULES OF FAITH AND BAPTISMAL CREEDS. Introductory Remarks 11 Ignatius, of Antioch. A.D. 107 11 Irenjeus, of Gaul. A.D. 180 12 First Formula 13 Second Formula . 15 Third Formula 16 Tertullian, of North Africa. A.D. 200 16 First Formula 17 Second Formula 17 Third Formula 19 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 20 Cyprian, op Carthage. AD. 250 Novatian, op Rome. AD. 250 21 Obigen, op Alexandbia. A.D. 230 21 24: Geegoet Thaumatubgus, op Neo-C^esarea. A.D. 270 . • Lucian, op Antioch. AD. 300 25 The Private Ceeed op Aeiits. AD. 328 28 Eusebius, op C^esaeea in Palestine. A.D. 325 29 Cyril, op Jeeusalem. A.D. 350 31 Longer Formula 31 Shorter Formula 32 Epiphanius, op Cyprus. AD. 374 32 First Formula 33 Second Formula 35 The Apostolical Constitutions. A.D. 350 39 Comparative Table of the Ante-Nicene Rules of Faith as related to the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed 40 III. (ECUMENICAL CKEEDS. 1. The Apostles' Creed . 45 The Received Form (Eighth Century) 45 The Old Roman Form (Fourth Century) 47 The Forms of Aquileja,Rufinus,Fortunatus (Fourth and Fifth Centuries) . 49 An Old Italian Form (Fourth Century) 50 Comparative Table showing the Origin and Gradual Growth of the Apostles' Creed . 52 '2. The Nicene Creed, A.D. 325 and 381 57 The Received Text of the Eastern Church, A.D. 381 . 57 Received The Text of the Western Church 58 The Old* Nicene Symbol of 325 60 Other Oriental Creeds of the Nicene Age gi "STThe Ceeed op Chalcedon, A.D. 451 6 „ 4. The Athanasian Creed ... DO*,, 5. The Creed op the Sixth Oecumenical Council against the A.D. 680 MONOTHELITES, . .... tjn Remarks on the Dogmatic Legislation of the other OUcumen- ical Councils .... < ^ r* ik urn « IF CONTENTS. yft ) 1 IV. ROMAN CREEDS. PABB 11 1. The Canons and Dogmatic Decrees of the Council of Trent, 24 A.D. 1563 77 25 <r2. The Profession of the Tridenttne Faith, A.D. 1564 . 207 SI 3. The Decree of Pope Pius IX. on the Immaculate Conception 2! of the Blessed Virgin Mary, A.D. 1854 ... 211 4. Papal Syllabus of the Principal Errors of our Time, A.D. 1864 . .213 , 3! 5. The Dogmatic Decrees of the Vatican Council concerning the Catholic Faith and the Church of Christ (the In- Si fallibility of the Pope), A.D. 1870 234 .1 to V. GREEK AND RUSSIAN CREEDS. 1. The Orthodox Confession of the Eastern Church, A.D. 1643 . 275 2. The Confession of Dositheus, or the Eighteen Decrees of the Synod of Jerusalem, A.D. 1672 . 401 *» . 3. The Longer Catechism of the Russian Church, prepared by *' . Philaret, Revised and Approved by the Most Holy Syn- I' od, . 445 A.D. 1839 . .... itt J VI. OLD CATHOLIC UNION CREEDS. *" 1. The Fourteen Theses of the Old Catholic Union Confer- ence with Greeks and Anglicans, A.D. 1874 545 •' • • 2. The Old Catholic Agreement on the Filioque Controversy, '' • . A.D. 1875 552 XIII., Immortale Dei, concern- ft Appendix I.: Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo ing the Christian Constitution of States. Nov. 1, 1885 555 jjl ' Athanasian Creed and ., Appendix II. : Facsimiles of the Oldest MSS. of the the Apostles' Creed • ... .601 Alphabetical Index 603 E 73 CONFESSIONES ECCLESLE APOSTOLIC^. SCRIPTURE CONFESSIONS. CONFESSIONS ECCLESLE APOSTOLIC^. SCKIPTUKE CONFESSIONS. PAGE INTRODUCTORY . 3 THE CONFESSION OF NATHANAEL. 4 THE CONFESSION OF PETER. ... 4 THE CONFESSION OF THOMAS. .... 5 THE BAPTISMAL FORMULA. .., 5 THE CONFESSION OF THE EUNUCH . 6 ONE GOD AND ONE LORD. .. 6 THE MYSTERY OF GODLINESS. .. .. 6 THE ELEMENTARY ARTICLES ... 7 OTHER ALLUSIONS TO CREEDS. .. „. * : ' : CONFESSIONES ECCLESLE APOSTOLIC^E. Scripture Confessions. The Bible is the Word of God to man ; the Creed is man's answer to God. The BibL reveals the truth in the popular form of life and fact ; the Creed states the truth in the log ical form of doctrine. The Bible is to be believed and obeyed ; the Creed is to be professe< and taught. Hence we find few traces of creeds in the Bible. In the Old Testament the fundamental doctrine of Monotheism is placed as a command a ' the head of the Decalogue, Exod. xx. 2, 3, and put in the form of a dogma, Deut. vi. 4 Hear, O Israel Jehovah our Elohim, Jehovah ii one [The Lord our God, th< Lord is one]. J These words form the beginning of what is termed Shama (Hear), and are repeated in tb ( daily morning and evening services of the Jews. They are the Creed of the Jews, in distinc tion from the Gentiles or idolaters. J The sentence does not mean, 'Jehovah is our God, Jehovah alone' (and no other God), bu 1 it means either 'Jehovah, our God, Jehovah is one,' or, 'Jehovah, our God, is one Jeho 2 van.' In either case it is an affirmation of the unity of God, and this is made the basis ol the fundamental moral precept which follows (ver. : j 5) 'And thou shalt love the Lord thy Go< with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. ' Hence our Lord, Marl iv. 29, quotes these two passages together as ' the first of all the commandments. Similar assertions of the unity of God are found in Deut. iv. 35, 39 ('Jehovah is the God there is none else beside him'); 2 Sam. vii. 22 ; xxii. 32 ; 1 Kings viii. 60 ; 1 Chron. xvii 20; Psa. xviii. 31 ('Who is God save Jehovah? or who is a rock save our God?'); Psa ; lxxxvi. 10 ('Thou art alone') ; God Isa. xliii. 10-12 ; xliv. 6, 8 ; xlv. 22 ; Joel ii. 27 ; Zech \ xiv. 9. The New Testament confirms this doctrine repeatedly: Mark xii. 29 ; John xvii. 3 ('Thee the only true God') ; 1 Cor. viii. 4 ('There is none other God but one') ; Gal. iii. 20 ; 1 Tim ii. 5. But while the New Testament presupposes the unity of the Godhead, it makes the Divinitj and Messiahship of Jesus of Nazareth the centre of the Christian religion in its distinctive fundamental creed. The following are the passages which furnished the nucleus for th< ancient rules of faith and baptismal creeds. ' So Oehler (Theologie des A. Test.Vol I. p. 159), and others : 'Our Elohim' is in appo- sition to the first Jehovah, and IHSt is predicate to the second Jehovah. ' So our English Version, Keil, and others, who take 'Jehovah, our Elohim' as the subj«ct, and 'one Jehovah' as the predicate, of the sentence. The Mohammedans have borrowed their monotheistic watchword from the Jews, with a heretical addition— ' There is no Goc but Allah; and Mohammed is his prophet.' CONFESSIONES ECCLESLffi APOSTOLIC^. The Confession of Nathanael {Bartholomew). 1 John i. 9e(49). ATTEKpiSt) NaSavajjA icai \sysi avrty Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Pappi, av tl o vlbg tov Srtov, Eabbi, Thou abt the Son of God, (tv tl 6 fiaaiXsvg tov Thou akt the King op l<rpari\. Isbael. Note. — 'King of Israel' is a designation of the Messiah, and an anticipation of the Con- fession of Peter. Nathanael reasons from the divine character of Christ as revealed in his supernatural knowledge of the heart, to his Messiahship, and returns the commendation, 'Behold an Israelite indeed without guile,' by the acknowledgment, 'Thou art the King of Israel,' and hence my King. The term 'Son of God' was also a designation of the Messiah in his divine nature, derived from Psa. ii. 5, 12 (comp. Isa. ix. 6), and is so used by Peter, Matt. xvi. 16 ; by the disciples in the ship, Matt. xiv. 33 ; by Martha, John xi. 27 ; and by the high-priest, Matt. xxvi. 63. The Apostles, before the pentecostal illumination, had no clear insight into the full meaning of the expression ; but their faith, based upon the Old Testament and the personal knowledge of our Lord, contained the living germ of the full knowledge. The Confession of Peter. Matt. xvi. 16. 'A7TOK/0t2'£te ($£ 2(/U(tH' TltTpOQ tlTTtV And Simon Peter, answering, said, V tl O XpiOTOQ, O vlbg tov Thou art the Christ [the Mes- SfOV TOV Z,U)VTOQ. siah], the Son of the living God.
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