DOCSLIB.ORG

And the Same Forms Are the Characteristic Fossils There, Ax

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
And the Same Forms Are the Characteristic Fossils There, Ax 1861.] BUNBUI~Y--FOSSILPLANTS, NAGPUR, 32~ Turbo helicinus. In the equivalent strata of the Zechstein there is a similar falling off in the distribution of species ; and the same forms are the characteristic fossils there, Ax. dubius under its "Schlotheimi" character being the most common. It would thus appear that in the whole of the West European area there was a most remarkable decrease in the Permian fauna during the period of deposition of the Upper Permian strata, the decrease being greater towards the close than at the beginning of that period, and affecting the same classes, and even the same species in most cases, in the different parts of that area, thus leaving a similar though exceedingly meagre group of species distributed throughout. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6. Rissoa Leighi, Brown. Five specimens illustrative of its variation of form ; magnified about 14 times. Hampole. Fig. 3. Rissoa Leighi, Brown. Youngindividual ; magnified16 times. Hampole. lfigs. 7, 8. .Natica minima ? Brown. Outer lip of specimen imperfect; mag- nified 12 times. Hampole. Figs. 9, 10. Turri~ella Al~enburgensis. Geinitz. ~[agnified16 times, ltampole. Fig. ] 1. Axinus dubius, Schlotheim." New variety. Cast; somewhat enlarged. Moorhouse. Fig. 12. A~inus dubius, Sehlotheim. New variety. Cast; somewhat enlarged. Conisborough. MAac~ 20, 1861. The following communications were read :-- 1. Notes on a CoT.~cTIo~ of FossIT. PLXWTSfrom N~aeUl~, CENTRAL INDIA. By Sir CHARLES J. F. B~BbRY, BART., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. [Plates VIII--XII.] Introduction.--It is now some considerable time since the fine collection of fossil vegetable remains from the district of N~gpur in Central India, which had been presented to the Geological Society by the Rev. Messrs. Stephen Hislop and Robert Hunter ~, was en- trusted to me for examination and description. Owing to the obscure and equivocal character of many of these remains, the undertaking proved more tedious than I had expected, and there still remain many specimens to which I have not yet been able to give a thorough examination. But, as particular circumstances make it unlikely that I should, for some time to come, have sufficient leisure to devote to this pursuit, I think it best to lay before the Society at once the results of my inquiries as far as they have yet gone, rather than to keep them back for an indefinite time in the hope of com- pleting them. The present paper, therefore, wiU contain the descrip, tion of all the Ferns in the collection, and of all those remains of Stems and Leaves of other kinds which I have, to the best of my ability, sufficiently examined; these altogether constitute nearly * See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xi. p. 348 and p. 369. 326 PROOEEDINOS OF THE GBOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Mar. 20, three'fourths of the collection. The Fruifi~ and Seeds, of which the specimens are pretty numerous, but obscure and dittlcult to determine, are reserved for further examination. I may observe, however, that, though numerous in individuals, they seem to be little varied in form and character, and present no outward evidences of a high organiza- tion. The general remarks which form the latter part of this paper are founded, I must observe, not merely on the close examination which I have given to the specimens herein described, but on a general survey of the whole. It is possible that a more minute examination of the remaining fossils (the Fruits and Seeds) may partially modify some of the conclusions I have drawn, wbut not, I think, to any very material extent. FERNS. 1 (A). Gr,ossoP~IS BROW~X~A, var. Indica, Ad. Brongn. Hist. V6g. Foss. p. 223, pl. 62. f. 2. P1. VIII. figs. 1-4. This, as appears from the very numerous specimens in the collec- tion, is one of the most common plants of the supposed Jurassic beds of N~gpur. Excepting one doubtful fragment from Ktlmpti, all the specimens are from Silewgd~, and are very numerous, of large size, and in a fine state of preservation ; yet even among these it is not usual to find a frond with both extremities perfect. One specimen, though broken at both ends, still measures 14 inches in length, and must have measured at least 17 inches when perfect. Another (almost perfect) is 14 inches long; the largest I have seen is 16 inches long in its present state (with the apex broken off), and must cer- tainly have been 18 inches. On the whole, from a comparison of numerous specimens from this locality, we may say that the full- grown fronds were from 10 to 18 inches in length (exclusive of the stalk), and seldom more than 2~ inches in their greatest breadth. The outline of the frond in all these fine specimens from Sflew~ids is narrower, more lanceolate, and more tapering to a point, than in Brongniart's original Australian plants, and even than in his figure of the Indian variety (pl. 62. fig. 2). Like the Australian plant, however, it always tapers very gradually to the base, passing almost insensibly into the stalk (of which but a small portion is preserved in any specimen that I have seen) ; and the greatest breadth is generally above the middle. The apex of the frond, wherever it is preserved, always tapers regularly into a very acute point. The midrib is remarkably broad, but flattish, and not very promi- nent, strongly striateq], tapering very gradually upwards, and reaching quite to the point. Morris long since remarked (in Count Strzeleeki's ' New South Wales,' p. 248) that the venation of the specimens examined by him did not altogether agree with Brongniart's descrip- tion, and that the reticulation of the lateral veins was not confined to the neighbourhood of the midrib, but that they anastomosed repeatedly at various distances between the midrib and "the margin. Brongniart has since repeated (in his ' Tableau des Genres de Vdg. Foss.') his original character of the genus, without taking any 1861.] BWBURY--~OSSILr~.A~TS, ~AOPV~. 327 notice of ~[orris's remarks. My observations, however, both on the N~Igpur specimens and on the numerous Australian ones which I have examined, agree with those of Morris. The lateral veins (which are very fine and dose) are repeatedly forked near the midrib, and there form, by the anastomosing of their branches, a conspicuous reticulation, of which the meshes are somewhat oblong. Towards the margin they become nearly parallel, forking very sparingly, and anastomosing at long intervals, so as to form very long and narrow meshes; but still they do anastomose here and there, even to the margin. The venation of the New South Wales GIossopteris agrees in these characters with that of the Indian plant ; and one of Brongniart's figures (fig. 1 A, pl. 62) represents the veins correctly, though somewhat at variance with his own description. In the Ndgpur specimens which I refer to this species, I find some degree of variation in the fineness and closeness of the veins-- such an amount of difference, indeed, occasionally, as might at first sight seem to imply a distinction of species ; but there are so many intermediate gradations that I do not find it possible to draw the line. I think it probable that these differences may depend partly upon the age of the frond, partly, perhaps, upon various conditions attending the fossihzing process, as I have observed that the apparent closeness of the veins in some reaent Ferns is influenced by circum- stances in the process of drying. The position of the fructification is indicated in several of these specimens by small round spots, very regularly arranged in 1 or 2 rows parallel to the margin--the outermost row at but a short distance from the margin, the inner about half-way between the outer and the midrib. When there is only one row, it is always the inner one that is wanting. In these spots I can find no organic structure at all, but only little lumps of the sandstone, as if not only the sori themselves, but the very substance of the frond had decayed or been displaced at these points. I think, however, from the regu- larity of their form and arrangement, there can be no doubt that they really indicate the places of the sori. * I perceive no trace of scales on the midrib or stalk of even the best-preserved specimens. ]k[. de Zigno has expressed an opinion that the Glossopteris Brown- iana had a compound or digitate frond, as the allied Sagenopterls Phillil~sii had; indeed, he quotes a report that a specimen had been found to establish this fact. I confess, however, that I can find nothing in corroboration of his opinion. Among the numerous specimens I have examined of the Indian Glossopteris (some of the large slabs of stone from Silew~tdg containing as many as ten or twelve fronds), I can see nothing to indicate that the leaves were portions of a divided or lobed frond, or were otherwise than simple fronds, like those of our ]=fart's-tongue Fern, or of the Bird's-nest Asplenium (A. nidus, L.). Neither can I find any different struc- ture in this respect in the AustraHan specimens of Glossopteris that I have seen, nor does McCoy mention any in his memoir. Dr. McClelland (Report of the Geological Survey of India, 1850) has 328 PRoc~.Dn~s OF T~E GEOLOOIeAT. socr~rY. [Mar. 20~ indeed figured a specimen of O/ossopt~r/s which might at first sight be supposed to show a digitate form of frond; but on examination of the drawing, it is clear that the leaves did not all grow in the same plane, and that, instead of being leaflets of a digitate frond, they are really simple fronds growing in a tuft (as is so common in recent Ferns) from a short thick rhizoma.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Middle Jurassic of Sardinia (Italy) Based on Integrated Palaeobotanical, Palynological and Lithofacies Data Assessment
    Palaeobio Palaeoenv DOI 10.1007/s12549-017-0306-z ORIGINAL PAPER A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Middle Jurassic of Sardinia (Italy) based on integrated palaeobotanical, palynological and lithofacies data assessment Luca Giacomo Costamagna1 & Evelyn Kustatscher2,3 & Giovanni Giuseppe Scanu1 & Myriam Del Rio1 & Paola Pittau1 & Johanna H. A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert4,5 Received: 15 May 2017 /Accepted: 19 September 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract During the Jurassic, Sardinia was close to con- diverse landscape with a variety of habitats. Collection- tinental Europe. Emerged lands started from a single is- and literature-based palaeobotanical, palynological and land forming in time a progressively sinking archipelago. lithofacies studies were carried out on the Genna Selole This complex palaeogeographic situation gave origin to a Formation for palaeoenvironmental interpretations. They evidence a generally warm and humid climate, affected occasionally by drier periods. Several distinct ecosystems can be discerned in this climate, including alluvial fans This article is a contribution to the special issue BJurassic biodiversity and with braided streams (Laconi-Gadoni lithofacies), paralic ^ terrestrial environments . swamps and coasts (Nurri-Escalaplano lithofacies), and lagoons and shallow marine environments (Ussassai- * Evelyn Kustatscher [email protected] Perdasdefogu lithofacies). The non-marine environments were covered by extensive lowland and a reduced coastal Luca Giacomo Costamagna and tidally influenced environment. Both the river and the [email protected] upland/hinterland environments are of limited impact for Giovanni Giuseppe Scanu the reconstruction. The difference between the composi- [email protected] tion of the palynological and palaeobotanical associations evidence the discrepancies obtained using only one of those Myriam Del Rio [email protected] proxies.
    [Show full text]
  • Cretaceous Deposits and Flora of the Muravyov Amurskii Peninsula
    ISSN 08695938, Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2015, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 281–299. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © E.B. Volynets, 2015, published in Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2015, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 50–68. Cretaceous Deposits and Flora of the MuravyovAmurskii Peninsula (Amur Bay, Sea of Japan) E. B. Volynets Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia email: [email protected] Received August 21, 2013; in final form, March 24, 2014 Abstract—The Cretaceous sections and plant macrofossils are investigated in detail near Vladivostok on the MuravyovAmurskii Peninsula of southern Primorye. It is established that the Ussuri and Lipovtsy forma tions in the reference section of the Markovskii Peninsula rest with unconformity upon Upper Triassic strata. The continuous Cretaceous succession is revealed in the Peschanka River area of the northern Muravyov Amurskii Peninsula, where plant remains were first sampled from the lower and upper parts of the Korkino Group, which are determined to be the late Albian–late Cenmanian in age. The taxonomic composition of floral assemblages from the Ussuri, Lipovtsy, and Galenki formations is widened owing to additional finds of plant remains. The Korkino Group received floral characteristics for the first time. The Cretaceous flora of the peninsula is represented by 126 taxa. It is established that ferns and conifers are dominant elements of the Ussuri floral assemblage, while the Lipovtsy Assemblage is dominated by ferns, conifers, and cycadphytes. In addition, the latter assemblage is characterized by the highest taxonomic diversity. The Galenki Assemblage is marked by the first appearance of rare flowering plants against the background of dominant ferns and coni fers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Cretaceous Flora of the Gates Formation from Western Canada
    The Lower Cretaceous Flora of the Gates Formation from Western Canada A Shesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geological Sciences Univ. of Saska., Saskatoon?SI(, Canada S7N 3E2 b~ Zhihui Wan @ Copyright Zhihui Mian, 1996. Al1 rights reserved. National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON KlA ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Libraxy of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur foxmat électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. College of Graduate Studies and Research SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirernents for the DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ZHIRUI WAN Depart ment of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Examining Commit tee: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Palynology of the Upper Chinle Formation in Northern New Mexico, U.S.A
    Lindström et al. 1 1 Palynology of the upper Chinle Formation in northern New Mexico, U.S.A.: 2 implications for biostratigraphy and terrestrial ecosystem change during the Late 3 Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) 4 a* b c d 5 Sofie Lindström , Randall B. Irmis , Jessica H. Whiteside , Nathan D. Smith , Sterling J. e f 6 Nesbitt , and Alan H. Turner 7 a 8 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen 9 K, DENMARK, [email protected] b 10 Natural History Museum of Utah and Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of 11 Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1214, USA c 12 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of 13 Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UNITED KINGDOM d 14 Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 15 90007, USA e 16 Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 17 Virginia 24601 USA f 18 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 19 11794-8081, USA 20 21 Abstract 22 A new densely sampled palynological record from the vertebrate-bearing upper Chinle 23 Formation at Ghost Ranch in the Chama Basin of northwestern New Mexico provides insights 24 into the biostratigraphy and terrestrial ecosystem changes during the Late Triassic of 25 northwestern Pangaea. Spore-pollen assemblages from the Poleo Sandstone, Petrified Forest, Lindström et al. 2 26 and 'siltstone' members are dominated by pollen of corystospermous seed ferns (Alisporites) 27 and voltziacean conifers (Enzonalasporites, Patinasporites). Other abundant taxa include 28 Klausipollenites gouldii and the enigmatic fused tetrad Froelichsporites traversei, whereas 29 spores of ferns and fern allies are generally rare.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stable Isotopic Investigation of Resource Partitioning Among Neosauropod Dinosaurs of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation
    A stable isotopic investigation of resource partitioning among neosauropod dinosaurs of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation Benjamin T. Breeden, III SID: 110305422 [email protected] GEOL394H University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Geology 29 April 2011 Advisors: Dr. Thomas R. Holtz1, Jr., Dr. Alan Jay Kaufman1, and Dr. Matthew T. Carrano2 1: University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Geology 2: National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology ABSTRACT For more than a century, morphological studies have been used to attempt to understand the partitioning of resources in the Morrison Fauna, particularly between members of the two major clades of neosauropod (long-necked, megaherbivorous) dinosaurs: Diplodocidae and Macronaria. While it is generally accepted that most macronarians fed 3-5m above the ground, the feeding habits of diplodocids are somewhat more enigmatic; it is not clear whether diplodocids fed higher or lower than macronarians. While many studies exploring sauropod resource portioning have focused on differences in the morphologies of the two groups, few have utilized geochemical evidence. Stable isotope geochemistry has become an increasingly common and reliable means of investigating paleoecological questions, and due to the resistance of tooth enamel to diagenetic alteration, fossil teeth can provide invaluable paleoecological and behavioral data that would be otherwise unobtainable. Studies in the Ituri Rainforest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, have shown that stable isotope ratios measured in the teeth of herbivores reflect the heights at which these animals fed in the forest due to isotopic variation in plants with height caused by differences in humidity at the forest floor and the top of the forest exposed to the atmosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Sahanaj Jamil Associate Professor of Botany M.L.S.M. College, Darbhanga
    Subject BOTANY Paper No V Paper Code BOT521 Topic Taxonomy and Diversity of Seed Plant: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms Dr. Sahanaj Jamil Associate Professor of Botany M.L.S.M. College, Darbhanga BOTANY PG SEMESTER – II, PAPER –V BOT521: Taxonomy and Diversity of seed plants UNIT- I BOTANY PG SEMESTER – II, PAPER –V BOT521: Taxonomy and Diversity of seed plants Classification of Gymnosperms. # Robert Brown (1827) for the first time recognized Gymnosperm as a group distinct from angiosperm due to the presence of naked ovules. BENTHAM and HOOKSER (1862-1883) consider them equivalent to dicotyledons and monocotyledons and placed between these two groups of angiosperm. They recognized three classes of gymnosperm, Cyacadaceae, coniferac and gnetaceae. Later ENGLER (1889) created a group Gnikgoales to accommodate the genus giankgo. Van Tieghem (1898) treated Gymnosperm as one of the two subdivision of spermatophyte. To accommodate the fossil members three more classes- Pteridospermae, Cordaitales, and Bennettitales where created. Coulter and chamberlain (1919), Engler and Prantl (1926), Rendle (1926) and other considered Gymnosperm as a division of spermatophyta, Phanerogamia or Embryoptyta and they further divided them into seven orders: - i) Cycadofilicales ii) Cycadales iii) Bennettitales iv) Ginkgoales v) Coniferales vi) Corditales vii) Gnetales On the basis of wood structure steward (1919) divided Gymnosperm into two classes: - i) Manoxylic ii) Pycnoxylic The various classification of Gymnosperm proposed by various workers are as follows: - i) Sahni (1920): - He recognized two sub-divison in gymnosperm: - a) Phylospermae b) Stachyospermae BOTANY PG SEMESTER – II, PAPER –V BOT521: Taxonomy and Diversity of seed plants ii) Classification proposed by chamber lain (1934): - He divided Gymnosperm into two divisions: - a) Cycadophyta b) Coniterophyta iii) Classification proposed by Tippo (1942):- He considered Gymnosperm as a class of the sub- phylum pteropsida and divided them into two sub classes:- a) Cycadophyta b) Coniferophyta iv) D.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and the Reconstruction of Early Jurassic Flora from the Mecsek
    Acta Palaeobotanica 51(2): 127–179, 2011 Biodiversity and the reconstruction of Early Jurassic fl ora from the Mecsek Mountains (southern Hungary) MARIA BARBACKA Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Botany, H-1476, P.O. Box 222, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Received 15 June 2011; accepted for publication 27 October 2011 ABSTRACT. Rich material from Hungary’s Early Jurassic (the Mecsek Mts.) was investigated in a palaeoen- vironmental context. The locality (or, more precisely, area with a number of fossiliferous sites) is known as a delta plain, showing diverse facies, which suggest different landscapes with corresponding plant assemblages. Taphonomical observations proved that autochthonous and parautochthonous plant associations were present. The reconstruction of the biomes is based on the co-occurrence of taxa and their connection with the rock matrix and sites in the locality, as well as the environmental adaptation of the plants expressed in their morphology and cuticular structure. The climatic parameters were confi rmed as typical for the Early Jurassic by resolution of a palaeoatmospheric CO2 level based on the stomatal index of one of the common species, Ginkgoites mar- ginatus (Nathorst) Florin. Plant communities were differentiated with the help of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA); the rela- tionship between taxa and sites and lithofacies and sites, were analysed by Ward’s minimal variance and cluste- red with the help
    [Show full text]
  • Taylorsville Region, California
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 353 GEOLOGY OF THE TAYLORSVILLE REGION, CALIFORNIA BY J. S. DILLER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 t f CONTENTS. Page Introduction.............................................................. 7 Location and extent................................................... 7 Outline of geography and geology of region.............................. 7 Topography............................................................... 9 Relief. ............................................................... 9 Diamond Mountain block.......................................... 9 The escarpment. .............................................. 10 The plateau slope.............................................. 10 Valleys on southwest border.................................... 10 Genesee Valley............................................. 10 Indian Valley............................................. 10 Mountain Meadows........................................ 11 Jura Valley................................................ 11 Grizzly Mountain block........................................... 11 Crest line and escarpment..................................... 11 Southwest slope............................................... .12 Drainage.............................................................. 12 Descriptive geology........................................................ 13 General statement........'............................................... 13 Sedimentary rocks....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Caytoniales Name of Teacher – Smt
    Subject – Gymnosperms Topic – Caytoniales Name of teacher – Smt . Sibi O.S. Academic year – 2020 – 2021 ➢ Caytoniales were a small group of extinct gymnospermic plants. ➢ First described by Hamshaw Thomas in 1925 from late Triassic period. ➢ Caytonia is a berry like cupules with numerous small seeds. Examples of Caytoniales ➢ Leaves : Sagenopteris ➢ Microsporophyll : Caytonanthus ➢ Megasporophylls: Caytonia and Gristhorpia General characteristics ➢ Caytoniales were small branched trees or shrubs. ➢ Leaves ( Sagenopteris ). ➢ Leaves petiolate. ➢ Petiole slender with 3 to 6 terminal leaflets. ➢ Leaflets arrangement was palmate in pairs. Sagenopteris ➢ Each leaflet with distinct midrib. ➢ Leaf margin smooth with an acute apex. ➢ Venation similar to glossopteris. ➢ Upper and lower epidermis with thick cuticle. ➢ Stomatal development haplocheilic. ➢ Mesophyll differentiated into palisade and transfusion tissue. ➢ Leaflets fall by the formation of abscission layers , it is an Angiospermic character . ➢ Caytoniales had fertile branches with seed bearing cupules. ➢ Ovules were located inside the fleshy cupules with tough outer cuticle . ➢ Outer layers of the cupules were fleshy and fruit – like. ➢ Individual ovules had an apical tube like structure called micropylar canal. ➢ Mature ovule resembles a blueberry fruit. ➢ The extra protection of seeds in Caytoniales indicates they were predecessors of angiosperms Microsporophyll ➢ Example : Caytonanthus ➢ Microsporophyll consists of dorsi – ventral and pinnate rachis. ➢ Each rachis bears pinnate on either side. ➢ Each pinnae branches irregularly. ➢ The ultimate branches of pinnae bear the synangia. ➢ Each branch bears two sporangia terminally. ➢ Each sporangium was with four pollen sacs . ➢ Pollen grains were produced in the pollen sacs in groups of four. ➢ Pollen grains were small , shape similar to that of pine trees ➢ Pollen grains winged. ➢ Pollination is achieved through the wind.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Trip 2 Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Terrestrial Environments in the Dolomites and Surrounding Areas 71-116 Geo.Alp, Vol
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Geo.Alp Jahr/Year: 2016 Band/Volume: 013 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kustatscher Evelyn, Bernardi Massimo, Petti Fabio Massimo, Avanzini Marco, Tomasoni Riccardo Artikel/Article: Field trip 2 Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic terrestrial environments in the Dolomites and surrounding areas 71-116 Geo.Alp, Vol. 13 2016 71 - 116 Field trip 2 Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic terrestrial environments in the Dolomites and surrounding areas Evelyn Kustatscher1,2, Massimo Bernardi3,4, Fabio Massimo Petti3,5, Marco Avanzini3 & Riccardo Tomasoni3 1 Naturmuseum Südtirol, Bindergasse 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy; e-mail: [email protected]; 2 Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität and Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany; 3 Museo delle Scienze di Trento, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38123 Trento, Italy; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 4 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS81RJ, UK; 5 PaleoFactory, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy. 1 Topics and highlights of the excursion Mojsisovics, 1879, 1882; Mojsisovics et al., 1895; Bittner, 1892; Brack et al., 2005, Mietto & Man- The Southern Alps represent
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Relationships of Angiosperms To
    Relationships of Angiosperms to 1 Other Seed Plants Seed plants are of fundamental importance both evolution- all gymnosperms (living and extinct) together are not arily and ecologically. They dominate terrestrial landscapes, monophyletic. Importantly, several fossil lineages, Cayto- and the seed has played a central role in agriculture and hu- niales, Bennettitales, Pentoxylales, and Glossopteridales man history. There are fi ve extant lineages of seed plants: (glossopterids), have been proposed as putative close rela- angiosperms, cycads, conifers, gnetophytes, and Ginkgo. tives of the angiosperms based on phylogenetic analyses These fi ve groups have usually been treated as distinct (e.g., Crane 1985; Rothwell and Serbet 1994; reviewed in phyla — Magnoliophyta (or Anthophyta), Cycadophyta, Doyle 2006, 2008, 2012; Friis et al. 2011). These fossil lin- Co ni fe ro phyta, Gnetophyta, and Ginkgophyta, respec- eages, sometimes referred to as the para-angiophytes, will tively. Cantino et al. (2007) used the following “rank- free” therefore be covered in more detail later in this chapter. An- names (see Chapter 12): Angiospermae, Cycadophyta, other fossil lineage, the corystosperms, has been proposed Coniferae, Gnetophyta, and Ginkgo. Of these, the angio- as a possible angiosperm ancestor as part of the “mostly sperms are by far the most diverse, with ~14,000 genera male hypothesis” (Frohlich and Parker 2000), but as re- and perhaps as many as 350,000 (The Plant List 2010) to viewed here, corystosperms usually do not appear as close 400,000 (Govaerts 2001) species. The conifers, with ap- angiosperm relatives in phylogenetic trees. proximately 70 genera and nearly 600 species, are the sec- The seed plants represent an ancient radiation, with ond largest group of living seed plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomical Revision of the Collection of Jurassic Plants from Roverè Di
    Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 48 (1), 2009, 1-13. Modena, 15 maggio 20091 Taxonomical revision of the Collection of Jurassic plants from Roverè di Velo (Veneto, northern Italy) stored in the Palaeontological Museum of the University of Naples “Federico II” Antonello BARTIROMO & Maria Rosaria BARONE LUMAGA A. Bartiromo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] M.R. Barone Lumaga, Orto Botanico, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” Via Foria 223, I-80139, Napoli, Italy; [email protected] KEY WORDS - Palaeobotanical collection, Jurassic, Roverè di Velo, Palaeontological Museum of the University of Naples. ABSTRACT - This paper presents a revision of the Jurassic fossil plants collection from Roverè di Velo (Verona Province) housed in the Palaeontological Museum of the “Federico II” University of Naples. It was extremely difficult to review the entries of the Roverè di Velo plant fossils stored in the Museum. Indeed, only by finding ancient purchase inventories of the former Museum of Geology pre-dating the foundation of the Palaeontological Museum, we got enough information to pursue our purposes. Using these inventories, it is now possible to know the Museum of Geology purchased the Roverè di Velo fossil plants in 1874. Yet, only partial cataloguing of this collection was carried out, since. In the course of this study the provisional classification carried out in the second half of the XIX century was completely revised, and a number of additional specimens have been identified and catalogued, accordingly. Owing to the lack of cuticle, we had ascertained taxonomic affiliations relying on macroscopic features, only.
    [Show full text]