NATURE ‘PEOPLE AND CONSERVATION: PROMOTING AWARENESS RAISING AS A TOOL FOR CONSERVATION IN TANZANIA’ PROJECT

FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT

SUBMITTED TO THE AFRICAN BIRD CLUB JANUARY 2020

1. Acknowledgment

Nature Tanzania acknowledges and thanks to the African Bird Club for their financial support on this project. Their commitment to helping Nature Tanzania, youths and students in Tanzania is highly acknowledged. Through this project, Nature Tanzania has been able to build capacity and raise awareness of more than 340 people in Arusha, 234 people in Dar es Salaam and 80 people in Amani Nature Reserve. The Government of Tanzania is highly acknowledged for allowing us to implement this project in Tanzania. We thank the technical support we have received from BirdLife International Tanzania office, the Malihai Clubs of Tanzania, the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU), The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), The Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) and the Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC) for their technical and additional financial support into this project. BirdLife International Africa is also thanked for its commitment to seeing this project a success. Moreover, a 2019 annual waterbird count was organized and fully funded by the BirdLife’s project in Lake Natron Ramsar Site.

The Attraction Birding Club (ABC) is acknowledged for being an active member of bird walks and talks. Students and school administration of FEA, Wisdom college are also thanked for their good participation and eagerness to learn . Mr. Emmanuel Richard has been very supportive in assisting the coordination of bird walks activities in Arusha. Dr. Jasson John and the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) are acknowledged and thanked for their commitment to organizing and conducting similar activities in Dar es Salaam. UDSM students are also acknowledged by this project. University of Dodoma (UDOM) is acknowledged for releasing a total of 10 students and 1 lecturer to participate in the 2019 annual waterbird count at Bahi wetlands.

2. List of Acronyms

ABC - The African Bird Club AGM - Annual General Meeting AICC – Arusha International Conference Centre EECDI – Engaresero Eramatare Community Development Initiative FEA - Foundation for Empowerment and Advocacy UDOM – University of Dodoma UDSM – University of Dar es Salaam TANAPA – Tanzania National Parks TEMDO - Tanzania Manufacturing and Engineering Organisation WMBD - World Migratory Bird Day

3. Table of contents

4. Introduction

Nature Tanzania received financial support from the African Bird Club (ABC) to implement the ‘People and conservation: Promoting awareness raising as a tool for bird conservation in Tanzania’ project in Tanzania. The 12 months project was implemented from January 2019 to December 2019. The project was implemented in Arusha, Dar es Salaam, and Tanga. Dr. Jasson John coordinated project activities in Dar es Salaam, while in Arusha and Tanga Nature Tanzania coordinated the activities. The project aimed at raising public awareness on bird conservation through nature-talks, bird walks, national print, and electronic media. The project was built on the fact that awareness and knowledge are important factors for behavior and perception change. It is therefore very important to raise public awareness, especially of Tanzanian youths on bird conservation by using public talks, monthly bird walks, national print media, electronic media, and website. Bird walks and talks were used to inform the participants of the values and benefits of birds in supporting life systems i.e. ecosystem services including supporting the agriculture industry through pollination, seed dispersal. The role of birds in balancing our ecosystem by controlling diseases i.e. scavenging vultures was highly emphasized during this project.

The focus areas of this project were in the following areas; Lake Natron Ramsar Site, Arusha town and Lake Duluti in Arusha region; Dar e Dar es Salaam coast and Dar es Salaam University forests in Dar es Salaam region. However, because of the emerging need and requests from communities, the project was also able to support similar activities in Amani Nature Reserve, Tanga region. Moreover, due to financial limitations, the project was not able to design and print leaflets and brochures. This project has also supported Mr. Lawrence Manjira in the electronification of his multilingual Special Tanzania Guide Book for online access on the Amazon website. The book includes information for visitors and residents about Tanzania. This project was able to bring together youths, students, amateur birding and other interested parties in Dar es Salaam and Arusha for ensuring bird conservation and awareness of their value is well understood at all levels. The project was also able to engage government officials and community members in bird monitoring activities and also in nature talk. The project has also supported commemoration of the World Migratory bird day in the regions of Arusha and Dar es Salaam.

In Arusha, bird walks and nature-talks were organized and conducted by Nature Tanzania in collaboration with tourism colleges located in the Arusha region. These include the Arusha Wisdom College of Tourism and FEA College. Other collaborating institutions in Arusha were the Malihai Clubs of Tanzania. In Dar es Salaam, the activities were organized and conducted by Dr. Jasson John of the University of Dar es Salaam. A detailed technical report for Dar es Salaam activities is attached as Annex 1 of this report.

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In this report, we are also updating activities that were implemented in connection to this project but were funded by other financial sources within Nature Tanzania and our partner, Bird International. This includes the 2019 annual waterbird count at Bahi wetlands, 2019 annual waterbird count at Lake Natron Ramsar Site, the participation of project partners in the 2 nd Annual General Meeting (AGM) of Nature Tanzania. Several bird watching activities reported in this report were supported by other sources within Nature Tanzania. For sustainability, a special request is hereby lodged to the (ABC) by Nature Tanzania, youths, students and other participants for a project extension.

5. Methods:

5.1 Bird Walks In Dar es Salaam, bird walks were monthly organized and conducted by Dr. Jasson John of the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). This is on the first Saturday of every month from 7 am to 10 am. The bird walks were open to members of the UDSM bird watching club, academic staff of UDSM, primary and secondary students from schools in Dar es Salaam and its outskirts. The sites which were monitored include the forests within the University of Dar es Salaam grounds. Costs of participation by students were covered by Dr. Jasson John from the support received from this project. This includes soft drinks and snacks for UDSM students and bus fares for students from secondary and primary students. This was mainly to support interested students who in most cases do not have the financial capacity.

In Arusha, bird walks were organized and conducted by Nature Tanzania in collaboration with several of its academic institution partners. These are FEA training Institute, Sila College, Wisdom College and the Attraction Birding Club (ABC). Moreover, some members of the Malihai Clubs of Tanzania had participated. Bird walks at Lake Natron Ramsar Site were conducted in collaboration with the BirdLife International, Tanzania project office under their Lake Natron Eco-tourism project. Please see section 5.2 below for a detailed methodology on counting the lesser flamingo. The bird walking events in Arusha were conducted twice every month mostly on Fridays and Saturdays starting on average from 7 am to 12 pm and sometimes whole day birding were conducted especially at Oldonyo Sambu. The sites which were monitored include Nanja wetlands, Oldonyo Sambu, Njiro area, Lake Duluti Forest Reserve. In Arusha, participating which included transports on public means, soft drinks and snacks were covered by Nature Tanzania through this project. This was done mainly to motivate students and other interested people who don’t have the financial capacity to attend these organized events. In both sites, binoculars, telescope and bird field guide books were used during these events. Cameras were also used to take pictures that were then updated on our social media. Because of the nature of the participants, who were mostly students and early learning birder, scientific methods were less used to allow and encourage learning through questions and discussions. In this way, the project has been able to stir enthusiasm on knowing many as possible as well as the learning behaviors of respective bird species.

5.2 Lesser flamingo count at Lake Natron Ramsar Site Lesser flamingos’ abundance at Lake Natron in February 2019 was determined using the ground survey method following Bibby et al. (2000). The count was conducted by the Lake Natron Ecotourism project team, community volunteers and local tour guides from Engaresero Eramatare Community Development Initiative (EECDI). The volunteers were trained on waterbird count and flamingo identification (the difference between lesser and greater). We also made sure each group had one local guide who is good at bird identification.

Because of logistics and resources, the Lake was divided into 3 sectors i.e. Pinyinyi lagoon, Magadini lagoon and Engaresero mudflat were conducted. The volunteers distributed themselves in counting birds in the stations synchronous. For large groups of birds, birds were estimated in subgroups of 100 or 1,000 birds. The number of birds at each station were obtained as a mean of the value of each counter. The mean count from each team was recorded and the total number of a lesser flamingo for a particular lagoon was obtained by summing the total means value of all teams in each station.

The fact that lesser and greater flamingo intermingles during feeding and that large group of birds will be counted in groups of 100 or 1,000 birds, chances of counting greater flamingo together with lesser flamingo might occur. To avoid this, scanning of each station in the sector using binoculars and telescopes was conducted before count commence. The percentage estimation of greater flamingo abundance in the sector was determined. Lesser flamingo abundance in the sector was therefore estimated by counting all flamingos in the sector and deducting percentage coverage of greater flamingo in the site if any.

5.3 Waterbird count at Bahi wetlands, Dodoma The White Stork census was conducted on 21 st and 22 nd January 2019 in villages of Nagulo-Bahi and Chimendeli. Brief visits to the census sites were made one day before conducting the census. The visits were important in understanding the and forecasting the possible challenges the survey teams would face during the actual survey. To maintain consistency in survey protocol, the counts were conducted on the same dates in Dar-es-Salaam and Arusha: The Small and Big Momella in the Arusha National Park, Nanja Lakes and Duluti Forest Reserve Lakes.

One-Day training on bird identification skills, waterbird census protocols and ethics were conducted was conducted on 20 th January 2019 to 16 volunteers at Bahi. These volunteers were from the University of Dodoma (UDOM) (10), KORONGO UNIT (1), Bahi District Council (1) local community (2 ) and two bird experts from Nature Tanzania .

5.4 Bird Talks Bird talks were organized and conducted in Dar es Salaam and Arusha. These were used to discuss various bird topics with the invited members and the general public.

6. REPORT ON OUTPUT OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES

6.1 Birdwalks in Arusha Through this project, a total of 18 bird walks were organized and conducted in the Arusha region from January 2019 to January 2020. Of these, 2 were conducted in Oldonyo Sambu, 2 in Lake Duluti Forest Reserve, 5 in Arusha town and 1 in Lake Natron Ramsar Site, 2 in Amani Nature Reserve, 1 in Nanja wetland, 1 in Arusha National Park, 1 in Bahi wetlands 3 in Toloa area. An average of 8 to 35 people have been participating. Detailed results are shown on Appendix 1 to 18 of this report. Our social media platforms were used to invite people and also to raise awareness of birds to our followers. Our twitter account is https://twitter.com/NatureTanzania .

6.2 Birdwalks in Dar es Salaam In Dar es Salaam, attendance was diverse and with at least 20 participants in each event. In total, we had 234 people attending the birdwatching (Appendix 1a, Appendix 3). Participants came from the University of Dar es Salaam – both students and alumni, independent visitors (from Canada, Japan & British), local tour guides and birdwatchers, school pupils (Primary and Secondary) from Roots and Shoots. In total, we observed 112 species (Appendix 1b), with an average of 44 species in each month. Detailed results and reports for Dar es Salaam are found in Annex 1 of this report.

6.3 2019 Annual Waterbird Count in Arusha Nature Tanzania through this project had organized and conducted the 2019 January waterbird census. This was conducted in the Arusha National Park in the small and big Momela Lakes. Other sites that were reached are Nanja wetland and Lake Duluti Forest Reserve. This was the first census to involve volunteers from FEA Training College, Wisdom Training Centre and the Attraction Birding Club. Even though most of the volunteers were skilled in bird identification, nearly all of them were not skilled in waterfowl counting protocols. The shortcoming raised a need to conduct a tailor-made short course on the waterbird census protocol in preparation for the actual census. A total of 20 volunteers were trained. We are glad that, these trained volunteers will be engaged in subsequent waterbirds and any other counts in the future.

6.4 Bird talks in Arusha One bird talk was conducted back to back with the World Migratory Bird Day (WBMD) commemoration on the11 th of May 2019 at the TEMDO Conference Hall in Arusha. This was organized by Nature Tanzania I collaboration with the Tanzania Attraction Birding Club and the Wisdom College of Tourism. The theme of 2019 World Migratory Bird Day was ‘Protect Birds: Be the Solution to Plastic Pollution’ . This talk was preceded by a morning bird walk around Tanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Design Organisation (TEMDO campus). The birds' talk was delivered by Mr. Nsajigwa Kyonjola and was attended by a total of 19 participants. The presentations focused on , migratory flyways, and bottlenecks, threats to migratory birds with highlights on

impacts of plastic pollutions and the role of communities in migratory bird conservation through habitat protection. A special presentation on vultures and their conservation was also delivered. Issues on vultures’ distribution, threats, population trend (locally and globally), ecological, and socio-economic values were discussed and emphasized during the discussion.

6.5 Electronification of the Special Tanzania Guide Book Nature Tanzania signed a contract with Mr. Lawrence Manjira for the electronification of The Special Tanzania Tour Guide Book. Deliverables for this activity were posting of this guide book on the Amazon website. The book is already posted on Amazon website and the link is here https://www.amazon.com/Special-Tanzania-Tour-Guide-Book-ebook/dp/B07D6L734F

6.6 Website maintenance Through this project, Nature Tanzania was able to change the domain of its website from naturetanzania.org to naturetanzania.or.tz to comply with government regulations. Further efforts have been made in populating the website with information. More and strategic efforts are planned for the year 2020.

6.7 Other activities which were supported in connection to this project 6.7.1 Support partners attendance to 2nd Annual General Meeting Through funding from other sources, Nature Tanzania had supported the participation of Dr. Jasson John and Dr. Chacha Werema in the 2 nd Annual General Meeting (AGM) of Nature Tanzania. One community member and 2 students from Amani Nature Reserve were also supported to attend this AGM representing members of the birdwatching club at Amani Nature Reserve. A representative from KORONGO UNIT was also supported to attend the 2 nd AGM on behalf of stakeholders from Bahi wetlands in Dodoma. The objective of this support was to have these members report Nature Tanzania’s ongoing activities in their areas and sites.

The 2 nd AGM was convened on the 24 th of September 2019 at the Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC). It was financially supported by the Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) and AICC. It was attended by members of the organization, Africa Regional Director of BirdLife Africa, Policy and Communication Coordinator of BirdLife Africa, TANAPA, AICC among many others.

7. Project achievements and outputs i. A total of 660 people have participated in our bird walks. Most of them were trained on bird identification and bird ecology in Arusha, Tanga, and Dar es Salaam. ii. A total of 18 and 12 bird walks were conducted in Arusha and Dar es Salaam respectively. iii. Electronification of a Special Tanzania Guide book and listing on Amazon website. iv. We have received 3 binoculars, one IPad and 10 bird field guides from stakeholders as a recognition of our efforts in building youths’ capacity in Tanzania.

Images

Plate 1: Students of University of Dar es Salaam in one of the Birdwalks © Nsajigwa, April 2019

Plate 2: School children participating in one of the bird walk events near the sanitary ponds at the University of Dar es Salaam © Nsajigwa, April 2019

Plate 3: A group of Birdwatchers under the bridge of Themi River in Arusha

Plate 4: A section of birdwatchers in Oldonyo Sambu, ©Baslewis Mark June, 2019

Plate 5: A Tawny Eagle feeding on rabbit carcass (hidden by the rock) in Oldonyo Sambu © Baslewis Mark, 2019

Plate 6: Taveta Weaver at Lake Duluti Forest Reserve

Plate 7: Youths posing for a picture after bird walk at Lake Duluti Forest Reserve

Plate 8: Students posing for a picture at Amani Nature Reserve after a bird walk

Reference

Bibby, C., Burgess, N., Hill, D., Mustoe, S., 2000. Bird Census Techniques. Academic Press, London

List of appendixes

Appendix 1: List of birds recorded in Arusha National Park (small and big Momella Lakes) on 19.11.2019 No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Grey Heron Ardea Cinerea 2. Great White Egret Casmerodius albus 3. Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 4. Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash 5. Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus 6. Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor 7. African Jacana Actophilornis africana 8. Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca 9. Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota 10. Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 11 . Common-ringed Plover Charadrius dibius 12. Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 13. Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos

Appendix 2: List of birds seen at Nanja wetlands on 19.11.2019 No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME 1 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 2 Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus 3 Long-tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus 4 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 5 Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala 6 Intermediate Egret Mesophyx intermedia 7 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 8 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 9 Common Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides 10 Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 11 White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata 12 Spur -winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis 13 Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos 14 Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus

15 Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota 16 Northern Shoveler Anas Clypeata 17 Common Pochard Aythya fuligula 18 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 19 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 20 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 21 Long-toed Lapwing Vanellus crassirostris 22 Kittliz’s Sandplover Charadrius pecuarius 23 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 24 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 25 Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos 26 Ruff Philomachus pugnax 27 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus

Appendix 3: List of birds seen at Lake Duluti Forest Reserve on 19.11.2019 No. Common Name Scientific name 1 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 2 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 3 Long -tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus 4 Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash 5 Hamercop Scopus umbretta 6 Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostra 7 Haliaeetus vocifer 8 Grey heron Ardea cinerea

Appendix 4: List of waterbirds recorded at Chimendeli and Nagulo Bahi villages on 21 st and 22 nd January 2019 S/N Common name Scientific name Number of birds 1. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 1 2. Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala 1 3. Intermediate Heron Mesophyx intermedia 1 4. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 1 5. Common Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides 18 6. Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 1 7. Open -billed Storks Anastomus lamelligerus 609 9. White Stork Ciconia ciconia 2

10. African Spoonbill Platalea alba 2 11. Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 86 12. Blacksmith Lapwing Vanellus armatus 10 1. Black Heron Ardea melanocephala 1 2. Open-billed Storks Anastomus lamelligerus 158 3. Scared ibis Theskiornis aethiopicus 15 4. African Spoonbill Platalea alba 3 5 White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna vidua 29 6. Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos 12 7. White -winged Black Tern Chlidonias hybridus 250 8 White Stork Ciconia ciconia 2

Appendix 5: List of birds seen during annual waterbird count at Lake Natron Ramsar Site, 30 th January and 1 st February 2019 No BIRD SPECIES NUMBER GREBES 1 Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis 245

PELICANS 2 Great White Pelican - Pelecanus onocrotalus 650 3 Pink -backed Pelican - Pelecanus rufescens 94

CORMORANTS & DARTER 4 Great Cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo 38 5 Long-tailed Cormorant - Phalacrocorax africanus 440

HERONS & EGRETS 6 Grey Heron - Ardea cinerea 43 7 Black-headed Heron - Ardea melanocephala 87 8 Intermediate Egret - Mesophyx intermedia 24 9 Purple Heron – Ardea purpurea 3 10 Common Squacco Heron - Ardeola ralloides 7 11 Great White Egret - Casmerodius albus 5 12 Little Egret - Egretta garzetta 355 IBISES, SPOONBILLS & HAMERKOP 13 Sacred Ibis - Threskiornis aethiopicus 1,450 14 Glossy Ibis - Plegadis falcinellus 335 15 African Spoonbill - Platalea alba 144 FLAMINGOS 16 Greater Flamingo - Phoenicopterus roseus 86,000 17 Lesser Flamingo - Phoeniconaias minor 1,750,000

Lesser Flamingo - Phoeniconaias minor 955,000 STORKS 18 Yellow-billed Stork - Mycteria ibis 2,500 19 African Open-bill Stork - Anastomus lamelligerus 178 20 White Stork - Ciconia ciconia 150 21 Saddle -billed Stork - Ephippiorhynchus 296 senegalensis 22 Abdim's Stork - Ciconia abdimii 855 23 Marabou Stork - Leptoptilos crumeniferus 35 GEESE & DUCKS 24 Fulvous Whistling Duck - Dendrocygna bicolor 88 25 Egyptian Goose - Alopochen aegyptiacus 210 26 Hottentot Teal - Anas hottentota 96 27 Common Teal - Anas crecca 24 WADERS/SHOREBIRDS 28 Black -winged Stilt - Himantopus himantopus 8,850 29 Pied Avocet - Recurvirostra avosetta 545 30 Kittlitz's Sandplover - Charadrius pecuarius 124 31 Spur -winged Lapwing - Vanellus spinosus 77 32 White -headed Lapwing - Vanellus albiceps 55 33 Little Stint - Calidris minuta 3,550 34 Marsh Sandpiper - Tringa stagnatilis 64 35 Common Greenshank - Tringa nebularia 35 36 Common Sandpiper - Tringa hypoleucos 740 37 Wood Sandpiper - Tringa glareola 68 38 Curlew Sandpiper - Calidris ferruginea 23 39 Green Sandpiper - Tringa ochropus 43 40 Sanderling - Calidris alba 87 41 Ruff - Philomachus pugnax 64 42 Water thick-knee (Burhinus vermiculatus 134 43 Little Ringed Plover - Charadrius dubius 130 44 Long -toed Lapwing - Vanellus crassirostris 115 45 Spur -winged Lapwing - Vanellus spinosus 176 46 Blacksmith lapwing - Vanellus armatus 156 GULLS, TERNS & SKIMMER 47 Grey-headed Gull - Larus cirrocephalus 225 48 Whiskered Tern - Chlidonias hybridus 165 49 Gull-billed Tern - Gelochelidon nilotica 45 BIRDS OF PREY 50 Egyptian Vulture - Neophron percnopterus 2 51 Eurasian Marsh - Circus aeruginosus 1 52 Black -chested Eagle - Circaetus pectoralis 4 53 African - Circus ranivorus 1 54 Augur Buzzard - Buteo augur 2

55 Common Buzzard - Buteo buteo 1 56 Pale Chanting Goshawk - Melierax canorus 1 57 Lesser Kestrel - Falco naumanni 5 TOTAL

Appendix 6: A list of birds that were recorded during the World Migratory Bird Day (WBMD) birdwatch Date 11 th May 2019.

S/N COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME 1. Augur Buzzard Buteo augur 2. Red -eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata 3. Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola 4. Fischer’s Lovebirds Agapornis fischeri 5. Collared Lovebird Agapornis personatus 6. Chest-nut Weaver rubiginosus 7. Grey-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata 8. Northern Grey -headed Sparrow Passer griseus 9. House Sparrow Passer domestica 10. Spotted Morning Thrush Cichladusa guttata 11. Speckled Mousebirds Colius striatus 12. Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus 13. Spilopelia senegalensis 14. Tropical Boubou aethiopicus 15. Long -tailed Fiscal Lanius cabanisi 16. Red-winged Onychognathus morio 17. Common barbatus 18. Pied Crow Corvus albus 19. Rattling Cisticola Cisticola chiniana

Appendix 7: List birds identified in along the Themi River on 11.1.2019 No. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Yellow White -eye Zosterops senegalensis 2. Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster 3. Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio 4. Red -eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata 5. Pied Crow Corvus albus 6. White-eyed Slaty Flycatcher Melaenornis fischeri 7. Grey-backed Cameroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata

8. Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus 9. African Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis 10 . Red -headed Weaver Anaplectes rubriceps 11 . Brown -breasted Barbet Lybius melanopterus 12. striolatus 13. Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis 14 . Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara 15. Sombre Andropadus importunes 16. Serinus citrinelloides 17 . Brown-hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris 18 . Rupell's Robin -Chat Cossypha semirufa 19. Speckled Mousebird Collius striatus 20. African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp 21 . Augur Buzzard Buteo augur 22. Ploceus baglafecht 23. Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystica 24 . Brown -hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris 25. Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 26. Grey-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata 27 . Grey -headed Sparrow Passer griseus 28 . Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash 29. Hamerkop Scopus umbretta 30. Little Sparrow-hawk Accipiter minullus 31 . Little Swift Apus affinis 32. Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara 33. Red-billed Firefinch Lagonostica senegala 34 . Red -winged Starling Onychognathus morio 35. Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola 36. Rupell’s Robin-Chat Cossypha semirufa 37. Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis

Appendix 8: A list of birds which were recorded in Njiro area on 8 th March 2019 No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME 1. Abyssinian White-eye Zosterops abyssinicus 2. African Black Duck Anas sparsa 3. African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp 4. Baglafecht Weaver Ploceus baglafecht

5. Brown-breasted Barbet Pogonornis melanopterus 6. Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus 7 Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 8 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 9 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis 10 Fischer's Lovebird Agapornis fischeri 11 Golden-backed Weaver Ploceus jacksoni 12 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 13 Grey-backed Cameroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata 14 Grey -headed Sparrow Passer griseus 15 Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis 16 Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara 17 Palm-nut Swift Cypsiurus parvus 18 Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu Uraeginthus bengalus 19 Ring -necked Dove Streptopelia capicola 20 orix 21 Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus 22 Spotted Morning -thrush Cichladusa guttata 23 Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus 24 Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata 25 Violet -backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster 26 Ploceus vitellinus 27 White-browed Robin-chat Cossypha heuglini 28 Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis 29 Yellow -colored Lovebird Agapornis personata 30 Yellow-rumped Seadeater xanthopygia 31 Feral Pigeon Columba livia domestica 32 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 33 Common Fiscal Lanius collaris

Appendix 9: List of birds seen at Amani Nature Reserve on the 23 rd February 2019 No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Green -headed Oriole Oriolus chlorocephalus 2 Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis 3 Black-and-white Mannikin Spermestes bicolor 4 Olive Sunbird Cyanomitra olivacea

5 Purple Banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus 6 Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 7 Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris 8 Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura 9 Green Twinspot Mandingoa nitidula 10 Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes neglectus 11 Black-fronted Bush- Chlorophoneus nigrifrons 12 Long-crested Eagle Lophaetus occipitalis 13 African Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis 14 Little Greenbul Eurillas virens 15 Green Barbet Cryptolybia olivacea 16 Waller's Starling Onychognathus walleri 17 Square-tailed Drongo Dicrurus ludwigii 18 Yellow-streaked Greenbul Phyllastrephus flavostriatus 19 Stripe-cheeked Bulbul Arizelocichla milanjensis

Appendix 10: List of birds seen at Amani Nature Reserve on the 2 nd March 2019 No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis 2 Green Barbet Cryptolybia olivacea 3 Olive Sunbird Cyanomitra olivacea 4 Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 5 Square-tailed Drongo Dicrurus ludwigii 6 Black -backed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla 7 White-eared Barbet Stactolaema leucotis 8 Little Swift Apus affinis 9 Tawny -flanked Prinia Prinia subflava 10 Black Saw-wing Psalidoprocne pristoptera 11 Brown-hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris 12 Green-headed Oriole Oriolus chlorocephalus 13 Waller's Starling Onychognathus walleri 14 Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris 15 Kenrick's Starling Poeoptera kenricki 16 Mombasa Campethera mombassica 17 Yellow White -eye Zosterops senegalensis 18 Black-and-white Mannikin Spermestes bicolor

19 Green -backed Cam aroptera Camaroptera brachyura 20 East African Citril Crithagra hyposticta 21 Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus striatus 22 Souther n Black Flycatcher Melaenornis pammelaina 23 Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes neglectus

Appendix 11: A list of birds which were recorded in Njiro area on 30th March 2019 No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME 1 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis 2 Lesser Stripped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica 3 Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venutus 4 Superb Starling Lamprotornis superbus 5 Grey-headed Sparrow Passer griseus 6 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 7 Ploceus intermedius 8 Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata 9 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 10 Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus 11 Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio 12 Red-billed Firefinch Lagonostica senegala 13 Long-tailed Fiscal Lanius cabanisi 14 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 15 Yellow-rumped Seadeater Serinus xanthopygius 16 Scarlet -chested Sunbird Charcomitra senegalensis 17 Yellow-fronted Canary Serinus mozambicus 18 African Citril Serinus citrinelloides 19 Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida 20 Giant Kingfisher Megaceryle maxima 21 Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos 22 Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis 23 Spotted Mourning Thrush Cichladusa guttata 24 Grey-backed Cameroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata 25 White -browed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys 26 Rufous Sparrow Passer rufocinctus 27 Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 28 African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp

29 Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata 30 Abyssinian White-eye Zosterops abyssinicus 31 Columba guinea 32 Pied Crow Colvus albus

Appendix 12: List of birds seen in Toloa area on the 21 st June 2019 No. Common Name Scientific name 1 Red-billed Quelea quelea aethiopica 2 Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens) 3 Von Der Decken's Hornbill Tockus decken 4 Red -billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus 5 African Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus 6 African Orange-bellied Parrot Poicephalus rufiventris 7 Grey Wren Warbler Calamonastes simplex) 8 Crimson-rumped Waxbill Estrilda rhodopyga Centralis 9 Eastern Paradise Whydal Vidua paradisaea 10 Spotted Morning Thrush Cichladusa guttata 11 Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 12 Crested Francolin Francolinus sephaena 13 Northern White -crowned Shrike Eurocephalus ruppelli 14 White -bellied Go -Awaybird Corythaixoides leucogaster 15 Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 16 Cinnyricinclus leucogaster Violet-backed Starling Verreauxi 17 Eastern Chanting-goshawk Melierax poliopterus 18 Slate Colored Boubou Laniarus funebris 19 Straw -tailed Whydah Vidua paradisaea

Appendix 13: List of birds seen in Toloa area on the 22 nd June 2019 No. COMMON NAME Scientific name 1 Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava 2 d'arnaud's barbet Trachyphonus darnaudii 3 Grey-headed Bush-shrike Malaconotus blanchoti 4 Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillus 5 White-browed Sparrow Weaver Plocepasser mahali 6 Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes orientaris

7 Red-billed Oxypecker Buphagus erythrorhynchus 8 Black-chested Snake-eagle Circaetus pectoralis 9 Fischer's Sparrow Lark Eremopterix leucopareia 10 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 11 African Hoopoe Upupa africana 12 Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 13 Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubica 14 Northern Brownbul Phyllastrephus strepitans 15 Superb Starling Lamprotornis superbus 16 Ring-nacked Dove Streptopelia capicola 17 Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Turtur chalcospilos 18 Northen Grey-headed Sparrow Passer griseus

Appendix 14: List of birds seen in Toloa area on the 23 rd June 2019 No. Common Name Scientific name 1 House Sparrow Passer domestica 2 Blue-napped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus 3 Northern Crombec Sylvietta brachyura 4 Namaqua Dove Oena capensis 5 White-headed Mousebird Colius leucocephalus 6 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 7 Lilac-breasted Roller Coracias caudata 8 Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus 9 Klaas's Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas 10 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 11 Violet-breasted Sunbird Nectariania chalcomelas 12 Scarlet-chested Sunbid Chalcomitra senegalensis 13 Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea 14 White-crested Helmeted-shrike Prionops plumatus 15 African Grey Flycatcher Bradornis microrhynchus 16 African Crowned Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus 17 Spot-flanked Barbet Tricholaema lacrymosa 18 Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu Uraenginthus bengalus 19 Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatus

Appendix 15: List of birds seen at Njiro area (Ngorongoro, riverine ) on the 2 nd August 2019 1. Common Name Scientific Name 2. Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea 3. Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola 4. Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata

5. Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio 6. Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus 7. Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 8. Baglafecht Weaver Ploceus baglafecht 9. Pied Crow Corvus albus 10. African Mourning Dove Streptopelia decipiens 11. Yellow-collored Lovebird Agapornis personatus 12. Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus 13. African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro 14. Grey-headed Sparrow Passer griseus 15. Tropical Boubou Laniarius major 16. Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius 17. Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis 18. Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillus 19. Augar Buzzard Buteo augur 20. Superb Starling Lamprotornis superbus 22. Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis 23. Winding Cisticola Cisticola marginatus 24. Grey -backed Cisticola Cisticola subruficapilla 25. White-browed Centropus supercilliosus 26. Streaky Seed-eater (Crithagra striolatus 27. White-browed Robin-chat Cossypha heuglini 28. African Citril Crithagra citrinelloides 29. Slender-Tailed clarus 30 Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata 31. Back-and-white Mannikin Lonchura bicolor

32 European Bee-eater Merops apiaster 33. Lesser Striped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica 34. Ploceus rubiginosus 35.. Southern Cordon-bleu Uraeginthus angolensis 36. Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala 37. Common Fiscal Lanius collaris 38. Taveta Golden Weaver Ploceus castaneiceps 39. Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica 40. Euplectes gierowii 41. Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra australis 41. Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava 42. Emerald-spotted Wood-dove Turtur chalcospilos 43. House Sparrow Passer domesticus 44. Long-tailed Fiscal Lanius cabanisi 45. Fischer's Lovebird Agapornis fischeri 46. Yellow-rumped Seed-eater Cacicus cela 47. Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp 48. Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash 49. Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara 50. Scarlet -chested Sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis 51. African Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis 52. White-eared Barbet Stactolaema leucotis

Appendix 16: List of birds in Lake Duluti Forest Reserve on 23 rd November 2019 S/N Common Name Scientific Name 1. Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis 2. Trumpeter Hornbill Bycanistes bucinator 3. Taveta Golden Weaver Ploceus castaneiceps 4. Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 5. Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus 6. Hamerkop Scopus umbretta 7. Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala 8. Little Egret Egretta garzetta 9. Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia 10. Giant Kingfisher Megaceryle maxima

11. Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 12. Long-tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 13. White -breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus 14. Weaver Amblyospiza albifrons 15. Black-headed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla 16. Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus 17. Fork -tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 18. White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini 19. White-eared Barbet Stactolaema leucotis 20. Malachite Kingfisher Corythornis cristatus 21. Peter's Twinspot Hypargos niveoguttatus 22. Cabanis's Greenbul Phyllastrephus cabanisi 23. Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubica 24. Little Greenbul Eurillas virens 25. African Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer

Appendix 17: List of birds seen at Oldonyo Sambu on 28 th November 2019 No. Common name Scientific name 1 Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubica 2 Vitelline Masked Weaver Ploceus vitellinus 3 Chinspot Batis Batis molitor 4 White-bellied Go-away-bird Corythaixoides leucogaster 5 White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali 6 Scaly -throated Honeyguide Indicator variegatus 7 White-fronted Bee-eater Merops bullockoides 8 Yellow-rumped Seedeater Crithagra xanthopygia 9 Chestnut Weaver Ploceus rubiginosus 10 Fawn -coloured Lark Calendulauda africanoides 11 Grey Go-away-bird Corythaixoides concolor 12 Montane Nightjar Caprimulgus poliocephalus 13 Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 14 Spotted Ground Thrush Geokichla guttata 15 White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus 16 Rufous -naped Lark Mirafra africana 17 Rattling Cisticola Cisticola chiniana 18 Hildebrandt's Starling Lamprotornis hildebrandti 19 Northern Grosbeak -Canary Crithagra donaldsoni 20 Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator

21 Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens 22 Banded Parisoma Sylvia boehmi 23 White -browed Scrub -Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys 24 Lesser Masked Weaver Ploceus intermedius

Appendix 18: List of birds recorded in Oldonyo Sambu on 1st June 2019 No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME 1 Augar Buzzard Buteo augar 2 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax 3 African Hawk -eagle Aquila spilogaster 4 Spotted Eagle-owl Bubo africanus 5 Garbar Goshawk Micronisus gabar 6 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 7 Red-faced Crombec sylvieta whytii 8 Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus 9 Pied Crow Corvus albus 10 White-napped Raven Corvus albicolis 11 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 12 Chestnut Sparrow Passer eminibey 13 White-fronted Bee-eater Merops bullockoides 14 Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba 15 Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea 16 Rock Martin Ptynoprogne fuliga 17 Mosque Swallow Cecropis senegalensis 18 Southern Grosbeak -canary Crithagra buchanani 19 Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata 20 Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio 21 Banded Parisoma Sylvia boehmmi 22 Schalow's Wheatear Oenanthe lugubris schalowi 23 Nubian Woodpecker Campathera nubica 24 African Grey flycatcher Bradornis microrhynchus 25 Fawn-collored Lark Calendulauda africanoides 26 African Citril Serinus citrinelloides 27 White -browed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys 28 Red -throated Tit Parus fringillinus 29 Scarlet-chested Sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis 30 Chinspot Batis Batis molitor

31 Brubru Nilaus afer 32 Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator 33 Cinnamon -breasted Rock bunting Emberiza tagapisi 34 Red -fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillus 35 Lesser Honeyguide indicator minor 36 Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 37 African hoopoe Upupa africana 38 Red-and-yellow Barbet Trachyphonus erythrocephalus 39 Abyssinian Schmiterbird Rhinopomastus minor 40 Buff -bellied Warbler Phyllolais pulchella 41 African Bare-eyed Thrush Turdus tephronotus 42 White-bellied Canary Serinus dorsostriatus 43 Grey -capped Social Weaver arnaudi 44 Lilac -breasted Roller Coracias caudata 45 Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis 46 Grey Woodpecker Mesopicos goertae 47 Vitelline Masked Weaver Ploceus vitellinus 48 Rattling Cisticola Cisticola chiniana 49 Yellow-collored Lovebird Agapornis personatus 50 Yellow -bellied Eremomela Eremomela icteropygialis 51 Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea 52 Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus 53 Grey -headed Heron Ardea cinerea 54 Rosy -patched Bush -shrike Rhodophoneus cruentus 55 Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra australis 56 Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava 57 White -bellied Goawaybird Corythaixoides leucogaster 58 Fischer's Sparrow Lark/ Fischer's -Lark Eremopterix leucopareia