Central Queensland Coast Bioregion
landscape architects
2090303 June 2010
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Glossary Acknowledgements pages SUMMARY
1.0.0 GENERAL ISSUES 1.1
1.1.0 Establishment Process 1.1 1.1.1 Site History 1.1 1.1.2 Site Selection Process 1.2 1.1.3 Available Data Review 1.2
1.2.0 Botanic Gardens Context 1.5 1.2.1 What is a Botanic Garden 1.5 1.2.2 Significance of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens 1.6 1.2.3 Development Objectives 1.7 1.2.4 Ownership, Tenure and Zoning 1.8 1.2.5 Open Space Linkages 1.8 1.2.6 Functions of a Botanic Garden 1.8 1.2.7 Benefits of a Botanic Garden 1.9 1.2.8 Network of Australian Regional Botanic Gardens 1.9 1.2.9 Visitation Statistics 1.10
1.3.0 Government Context 1.12 1.3.1 Australian Government 1.12 1.3.2 Queensland Government 1.12
1.4.0 Council Context 1.13 1.4.1 Mission Statement & Corporate Planning 1.13 1.4.2 Council Departments 1.13 1.4.3 Botanic Gardens - Initial Management & Staff 1.14 1.4.4 Botanic Gardens - Management Community Committees 1.15 1.4.5 Sister City Opportunities 1.17 1.4.6 Regional Council Logo, Coat of Arms and Floral Emblem 1.17 1.4.7 Regional Relationships 1.18 1.4.8 Mackay Tourism 1.18 1.4.9 Mackay Events 1.19
1.5.0 Academic Context 1.20 1.5.1 Tertiary Education Generally 1.20 1.5.2 Training and Special Schools 1.21 1.5.3 Education Programs at the Botanic Gardens 1.22
1.6.0 Corporate Context 1.23 1.6.1 Corporate Sponsorship 1.23 1.6.2 Corporate Research 1.24
1.7.0 Institutional Context 1.24
1.8.0 Community Context 1.25 1.8.1 Community Awareness 1.25 1.8.2 Community Information 1.25 1.8.3 Community Involvement 1.26 1.8.4 Community Benefits 1.27 1.8.5 Stakeholders 1.28 1.8.6 Relevant Community Groups 1.28 1.8.7 Mackay Botanic Gardens Friends 1.33 1.8.8 Community Consultation Process 1.35 1.8.9 Visitor Book Comments 1.41
1.9.0 Action Summary 1.42
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2.0.0 LAND USE AND INFRASTRUCTURE 2.1
2.1.0 Location and Site Description 2.1 2.1.1 Land Acquisition and Rationalization 2.1
2.2.0 Town Planning, Land Use and Tenure 2.2 2.2.1 Corporate Plan 2.2 2.2.2 Strategic Framework 2.3 2.2.3 Zoning Provisions 2.3 2.2.4 Tenure and Designation as a Botanic Garden 2.3 2.2.5 Native Title 2.3
2.3.0 Roads and Transport 2.4 2.3.1 Primary Road Network 2.4 2.3.2 Primary Site Access 2.5 2.3.3 Internal Access 2.6 2.3.4 Bikeway, Footpaths & Horse Trails 2.7 2.3.5 Public Transport 2.7 2.3.6 Railway Corridor 2.8
2.4.0 Services Availability, Suitability 2.9 2.4.1 Electricity Supply 2.9 2.4.2 Sewerage Supply 2.9 2.4.3 Water Supply 2.9 2.4.4 Stormwater and Drainage 2.10 2.4.5 Communications 2.11
2.5.0 Adjoining Land Uses 2.12 2.5.1 Mackay Water Treatment Plant 2.12 2.5.2 Residential and Industrial 2.14 2.5.3 Cane Farms 2.14 2.5.4 State Nursery / DPI Farm 2.14 2.5.5 Mackay Tourism Information Centre 2.14 2.5.6 Sugar Research Institute 2.15 2.5.7 Other Nearby Attractions 2.16
2.6.0 Action Summary 2.17
3.0.0 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 3.1
3.1.0 Physiography 3.1
3.2.0 Topography 3.1 3.2.1 Slope Analysis 3.2
3.3.0 Hydrology 3.3 3.3.1 Existing Usage 3.4 3.3.2 Historical Flood Levels 3.4 3.3.3 Flood Velocities 3.5 3.3.4 Proposed Weir 3.5 3.3.5 Water Quality 3.6 3.3.6 Constructed Waterways 3.6 3.3.7 Stormwater Discharge 3.8
3.4.0 Site Character 3.8 3.4.1 Visual Context 3.8 3.4.2 Focal Points 3.9
3.5.0 Geology and Soils 3.11 3.5.1 Geology 3.11 3.5.2 Soil Mapping 3.11 3.5.3 Acid Sulphate Soils 3.11
3.6.0 Cultural Aspects 3.11 3.6.1 Aboriginal Heritage 3.11 3.6.2 European Heritage 3.12
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3.6.3 Maltese Heritage 3.13 3.6.4 Australian South Sea Islander Heritage 3.13 3.6.5 Torres Strait Islander Community 3.15
3.7.0 Existing Vegetation 3.16 3.7.1 Natural Remnants 3.16 3.7.2 Introduced Exotic Plantings 3.16 3.7.3 Phase One Botanic Gardens Plantings 3.17
3.8.0 Fauna 3.19 3.8.1 Avi Fauna 3.19 3.8.2 Snakes and Other Fauna 3.19 3.8.3 Wildlife Corridor Expansion 3.19 3.8.4 Wildlife Habitat – Lagoon and Wetlands 3.20
3.9.0 Climate and Microclimate 3.21 3.9.1 Regional Climate Data 3.21 3.9.2 Recent Climatic Events 3.22 3.9.3 Climate Change 3.23 3.9.4 MRBG & Climate Change 3.24
3.10.0 Structures and Artifacts 3.26 3.10.1 Original Site Elements - 2000 3.26 3.10.2 New Elements – stages one & two 3.29
3.11.0 Action Summary 3.32
4.0.0 MASTER PLANNING PROCESS 4.1
4.1.0 The Basis for the Gardens 4.1 4.1.1 Vision, Mission and Objectives 4.1 4.1.2 Principal Elements 4.1 4.1.3 Site Planning References 4.2 4.1.4 Development Sequence 4.4
4.2.0 Access and Circulation 4.5 4.2.1 Pedestrian Circulation 4.5 4.2.2 Vehicle Access to Site 4.9
4.3.0 Buildings and Structures 4.14 4.3.1 Eastern Precincts Specifically 4.14 4.3.2 Regional and Site Specific Design 4.14 4.3.3 Cremorne Visitor Centre 4.14 4.3.4 Operations, Maintenance and Nursery 4.18 4.3.5 Gatehouse Residence 4.18 4.3.6 Meadowlands Precinct 4.19 4.3.7 Australian South Sea Islander Centre 4.19 4.3.8 Water Treatment Complex 4.19 4.3.9 Public Toilets 4.19
4.4.0 Specialized Structures 4.20 4.4.1 Malta Garden 4.20 4.4.2 Outdoor Education 4.20 4.4.3 Forest Arbour 4.20 4.4.4 Torres Strait Islander Garden 4.20 4.4.5 Under the Banyan Play Garden 4.21 4.4.6 Intake Tower Lookout 4.22 4.4.7 Coastal Headlands Terraces 4.22 4.4.8 Sun and Rain Shelters 4.22 4.4.9 Boardwalks, Bridges and Canopy Walks 4.22
4.5.0 Other Elements 4.23 4.5.1 Nebo Road Precinct 4.23 4.5.2 Landscape Axes and Focal Points 4.23 4.5.3 Japan Garden 4.24
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4.5.4 Screens & Hedges 4.25 4.5.5 Eulamere Poles 4.25 4.5.6 Bird Observations 4.25 4.5.7 Cremorne Visitor Centre Linear Axis 4.26 4.5.8 Windmill 4.26 4.5.9 Ethno-botany Garden 4.26 4.5.10 Botanic Gardens Icon & Sign 4.26 4.5.11 Water Supply & Treatment Interpretation 4.26 4.5.12 Tropical Shade Garden 4.27 4.5.13 The Fernery 4.27 4.5.14 Tropical Sun Garden 4.27
4.6.0 Site Infrastructure and Facilities 4.28 4.6.1 Security 4.28 4.6.2 Services Infrastructure 4.28 4.6.3 Pavements and Surface Finish Treatments 4.29 4.6.4 Furniture 4.30 4.6.5 Signage 4.30 4.6.6 Special Event Facilities 4.31 4.6.7 Cultural Aspects 4.31
4.7.0 Management Generally 4.32 4.7.1 Incompatible Activities 4.33 4.7.2 Landscape Management & Maintenance 4.33
4.8.0 Eastern Precincts Consolidation 4.35 4.8.1 Additional Circulation 4.35 4.8.2 Infrastructure 4.36 4.8.3 Structures 4.36 4.8.4 Eulamere Lagoon 4.37
4.9.0 Meadowlands Development 4.38 4.9.1 Meadowlands Generally 4.38 4.9.2 Meadowlands Centre 4.41 4.9.3 Meadowlands Events 4.44 4.9.4 Meadowlands Focus 4.47 4.9.5 Meadowlands Housing 4.48
4.10.0 Action Summary 4.50
5.0.0 THE PLANT COLLECTION 5.1
5.1.0 Plant Collection Generally 5.1 5.1.1 Bioregional Subregions 5.1 5.1.2 Bioregional Ecosystems 5.2
5.2.0 Components and Themes 5.3
5.3.0 Annex Sites 5.4 5.3.1 Mackay City Sites 5.4 5.3.2 Mackay Region Sites 5.4 5.3.3 Relationships with other Botanic Gardens 5.5
5.4.0 Collection Records 5.5 5.4.1 Living Collection Records 5.5 5.4.2 Herbarium Records 5.5
5.5.0 Principal Plant Communities – CQC Bioregion 5.6
5.6.0 Plant Collection Strategy 5.10 5.6.1 Bioregional Plant Communities 5.10 5.6.2 Potential Collection Themes 5.11
5.7.0 Eastern Escarpment 5.15 5.7.1 Existing Plant Collection 5.15 5.7.2 Plant Collection Consolidation 5.15
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5.8.0 Meadowlands 5.17 5.8.1 Landform 5.17 5.8.2 Waterways 5.18 5.8.3 Plant Massing 5.20 5.8.4 Open Lawns 5.21 5.8.5 Plant Collection 5.21 5.8.6 Vegetation Planning 5.23
5.9.0 Interpretation of the Collection 5.27 5.9.1 Main Components of an Interpretive Plan 5.27 5.9.2 Aims and Objectives 5.27 5.9.3 Interpretative / Educational Themes 5.28
5.10.0 Action Summary 5.29
6.0.0 IMPLEMENTATION 6.1
6.1.0 Cost Estimates 6.1 6.1.1 Basis of Estimate 6.1 6.1.2 Economic Evaluation 6.1 6.1.3 Estimated Development Costs 6.1 6.1.4 Other Associated Costs 6.2 6.1.5 Development Plan to 2019 / 2020 6.3 6.1.6 Action Plan 6.4 6.1.7 Initial Planning & Budgets 6.4 6.1.8 Focus Dates 6.4 6.1.9 Development Assistance 6.4
6.2.0 Detail Planning and Design Development 6.5 6.3.0 Management and Operation 6.6 6.3.1 Botanic Gardens Relationships 6.8
6.4.0 Action Summary 6.9
APPENDIX
A Drawings
Figure 3.01 Site Reference Zones 3.02 Topography & Slopes 3.03 Hydrology 3.04 Visual Context 3.05 Existing Vegetation (2000) 3.06 Existing Services (2000) 3.07 Original Site Elements (2000) 3.08 New Site Elements – stages one & two 4.01 Pedestrian Circulation – Primary 4.02 Vehicle Circulation – Maintenance 4.03 Visual Context 4.04 Consolidation – Stages one & two 4.05 Cremorne Visitor Centre – Education & Visitor Reference Centre 4.06 Meadowlands – Concept Planning 4.07 Meadowlands – Circulation & Vegetation Massing 4.08 Meadowlands Centre – Indicative Structures and Landscape 4.09 Meadowlands – Outdoor Performance Centre & Events Field 4.10 Meadowlands Focus – Water Terraces & Lookout 5.01 Meadowlands – Landform & Waterways 5.02 Meadowlands – Plant Communities & Lawns DD01-05 Design Development of Master Plan 2000 (July 2001)
B Other Data Development Cost Estimate Spreadsheet CQC Bioregion – Schedule of Regional Ecosystems
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GLOSSARY TERMS EXPLANATION topographic reference to the primary physical topographic divisions of the MRBG area site: Eastern Escarpment (South Escarpment; South East Escarpment; Central Escarpment; North East Escarpment; North Escarpment;) Lagoon Valley; Western Plateau; section geometric division of the site into six sections to assist management & visitor orientation; sections are colour coded using specific colours for infrastructure; section names are based on local historic or cultural links: ‘Balmoral’ - Yellow; ‘Kaliguil’ - Red; ‘Cremorne’ - Purple; ‘Summerlands - Scarlet; ‘Rawson’s Hollow’ - Green; Meadowlands - Blue; precinct a group of gardens with a particular collective character or theme: Australian South Sea Islanders Precinct; Nebo Road Precinct; Cremorne Visitor Centre Precinct; Meadowlands Centre Precinct; Meadowlands Events Precinct; garden a specific collection of plants with related botanic or cultural attributes grouped together in one garden area: Japan Garden; Under the Banyan Children's Garden; Ethnobotany Garden; Malta Garden; bed individual part of a garden defined by physical and or botanical attributes
A collection any selected group of plants The Living the whole of the living plant collection established throughout the Collection Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Balmoral South Section – colour yellow includes South Sea Islands Precinct; Bioregion Communities; Regional Forests; Nebo Road Valley & Cherry Tree Creek Kaliguil Southeast Section – colour red includes Kaliguil Lagoon; Brigalow Belt; Pioneer Peaks: Koumala Range; Reliance Creek; Kaliguil Basin; Indigenous Gardens; Early Settlement Gardens; Sarina-Proserpine; Clarke-Connors Ranges; World Regional Flora; Cremorne Central Section – colour purple includes Cremorne Visitor Centre; Orientation Garden; Finch Hatton Waterway; Tropical Shade Garden; The Fernery; Palm Walk; Gymnosperm Forest; Monocot Collection; Summerlands Northeast Section - colour pumpkin includes Tropical Sun Garden; Screens & Hedges; Malta Garden; Coal Garden; Geology Gardens; Demonstration Gardens; Regional Shade Trees; Japan Garden; World Cycad Garden; Heritage Gardens; Australian Flowering Trees; Regional Flora Terraces - subtropical; Rawson’s North Section – colour green Hollow includes Regional Flora Terraces - tropical; Torres Strait Islands Garden; Under the Banyan Children’s Garden; Varroville Arboretum; & Eulamere Regional Wetlands Meadowlands West Section – colour blue includes Meadowlands Centre Precinct; Meadowlands Events Precinct; Meadowlands Focus Precinct; CQC Bioregional Communities; Meadowlands & Alexandra Riparian Corridor; Operations and Nursery Precinct;
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Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Master Plan Review 2010
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research and planning review process leading to the production of this second Master Plan to coordinate the ongoing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has involved many dedicated people over a period of more than twelve months. Most have been concurrently involved in the actual ‘hands on’ progressive development of the Gardens as well as the preparation of this document. This illustrates the strong community determination to ensure the continuing creation of this significant scientific, cultural and aesthetic element for the Mackay region. In the process the Gardens have also attained national recognition which will be enhanced with the planned further stages. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
It is important to acknowledge the significant involvement of Curator Dale Arvidsson who LANDSCAPE so expertly manages the establishment and maintenance of the Gardens. Dale has that HORTICULTURE happy knack of getting on with everyone and dealing expertly with the varied range of
DESIGN personalities of staff, friends, consultants and the public. He has been integrally involved WITH NATURE with the master planning process making a particularly invaluable contribution from firsthand site knowledge. Similarly Ross Demuth and Maya Harrison have provided invaluable input from their intimate knowledge of site establishment and operations.
Helen Paulsen’s association with the Gardens goes back prior to the inception of the first Master Plan in 1999 and throughout the decade since then has maintained close involvement initially as Curator and more recently providing the wider regional viewpoint which is invaluable for such a significant project.
The understanding of bioregional botany and horticulture is fundamental to the planning and development of a botanic garden and Irene Champion has been the ‘champion’ of this process since well before Council endorsed the development of the Botanic Gardens late last century. Her detail knowledge informs and ensures the logic and viability of the collection planning. Grant Paterson and Meryl Ritchie with their detail bioregional knowledge have made similarly significant contributions to the site development procedures over the last decade and particularly with involvement in the master planning processes. All are prominent members of the Mackay Branch of the Society for Growing Australian Plants which was instrumental in the establishment of the Gardens.
Lawrence Smith AM The Master Plan Working Group has regularly reviewed the planning process and provided B Arch Dip Land Arch AM ARAIA FAILA invaluable contributions from the viewpoints of Council, the Gardens Friends and the related community groups.
17 Vores Road Throughout the master planning process numerous other people have been involved in Whiteside discussions and providing information, and without exception it seems that they have all BRISBANE ‘caught the vision’ and want to ensure that the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens 4503 continues to develop to become one of Australia’s premier Botanic Gardens.
It has been a privilege to assist as landscape architect in bringing your vision to reality and phones to be accepted as a friend and almost as a local resident over the past ten years. To 0411 228900 everyone who has been involved in whatever capacity please accept a very sincere 07 32855799 thankyou!
fax
07 3105 7342
email lawries@ landplanstudio.com.au Lawrence Smith AM Landscape Architect
Managing Director Landplan Studio PtyLtd LANDPLAN ABN: 52 010 970 617
Acknowledgements : 29/06/10 LANDPLAN Landscape Architects Page 1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Vision Statement To be recognised by the community, our visitors and the wider botanical and horticultural fraternities as a responsible repository of Australian plants, particularly those of the surrounding bioregion.
Our Mission
We are committed to manage and operate the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens to display, preserve, research and interpret the botanical and horticultural values of the regional flora in a facility that enhances public enjoyment while increasing knowledge of and cultural links to the plant kingdom.
Principal Objectives
• To work towards key aims of sustainability, conservation and education about flora under guidelines adopted by Botanic Gardens Australia and New Zealand (BGANZ) and Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI);
• To identify and promote the potential of the regional flora in ornamental horticulture;
• To propagate and grow threatened flora for its preservation and research;
• To establish themed displays that increase knowledge and appreciation of plants through cultivation, research and interpretation;
• To engage and be recognised by the community, our visitors and the wider botanical and horticultural fraternities for botanical & horticultural excellence;
• To identify and where feasible and/or appropriate, incorporate specific environments that do not occur on the Lagoons site as annexes in order to provide optimum opportunity for research and development;
• To establish and maintain an invaluable community facility that enhances lifestyle and assists in establishing a strong ‘sense of place’ through the use of regional plant species;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Summary of the 2010 Master Plan Council needs to adopt the 2010 Master Plan and define a specific commitment to ensure that proposed ongoing development of this significant The Master Plan for the Mackay Regional Botanic community resource is assured in the long term. Gardens was completed in 2000 and used to [1.4.2] guide the initial development of the project. Subsequent to the construction and establishment Planning Scheme & Zoning works associated with stages one and two this The current Planning Scheme zones the site as master plan review was commissioned in 2009 in ‘open space’. It is fundamentally important that preparation for the commencement of the next special recognition be given in the planning stage – Meadowlands. scheme so that the use of the subject land as a Botanic Garden is established and protected. It The following statements have been extracted may be necessary to organise a new exclusive from the report text to provide an outline summary zone or specific definition under the Open Space of the principal proposals and recommendations. category to cover and protect the site use as a The number in [square brackets] is the relevant Botanic Garden. [1.2.4] clause reference in the report. The growing significance of and national Site History recognition for the excellence of the developing The Lagoons site has a long and significant Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens indicates that history intrinsically tied to the life and development it is imperative that the entire site be suitably of Mackay City and the surrounding region. The protected to avoid any inappropriate decisions by site has deep cultural and historical associations future administrations which might compromise with the aboriginal, Australian South Seas this unique community resource. [2.2.4] Islander, Torres Strait Islander, the European and Australian communities. The first State Nursery The planned open space corridor along the was established on the site in 1889. The first Lagoons upstream and downstream from the municipal water supply works were established in Botanic Gardens provides the opportunity to 1892 and continue to this day. Landscape significantly extend wildlife habitat though a architect Arne Fink was commissioned to prepare substantial area of existing and renewed plans for a Botanic Park in 1975. The local Branch vegetation extending each side of the Botanic of the Society for Growing Australian Plants Gardens establishing a strong connection with the began the thrust for a Botanic Gardens on the site riverine vegetation along the Pioneer River. [3.8.3] in 1985. A plan for the Lagoons Reserve was prepared by landscape architect Catherine Brower Reef Guardian Council in 1991. In 1998 landscape architect Lawrie Smith A number of the Reef Guardian Council was commissioned to document the 2000 Master scheduled items have particular relevance to the Plan and was responsible for subsequent detail continuing development of the Botanic Gardens design for the Botanic Gardens and the 2010 and the ability to engage and inform the Master Plan review. [1.1] community in the one centrally located significant location. [1.1.3.8]
Mackay Tourism support & promotion COUNCIL CONTEXT Many of the opportunities suggested by Mackay Tourism are available in the present developed Mackay Regional Council Corporate Plan areas of the Botanic Gardens others are well Council has effectively acknowledged through the suited to the developments proposed for various corporate plan statements, an undertaking Meadowlands. to provide continuing support for the development and maintenance of the Botanic Gardens. No Attracting a percentage of the annual 40,000 other comparable initiative in the region has the visitation at the Information Centre will assist both potential to maximise the educational value to the facilities to promote Mackay. The suggestion to community through demonstrating jointly market the Gardens through the use of a environmentally sustainable practices. catchy slogan is worthwhile; and the interpretation of sustainability and water is obviously an It is important that annual capital and ideal theme to consider for Meadowlands; maintenance funding and related staff levels are [1.4.8] carefully balanced to ensure that optimum ongoing management is able to continue.
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Mackay Events comments interpreting the values of the natural environment, Most Botanic Gardens now plan to host events botany and horticulture. [1.5.3] which appeal to a wider community interest group with the intent to market and promote the Gardens CORPORATE CONTEXT to people who may not otherwise consider visiting. Meadowlands presents the opportunity to develop Corporate Support an integrated central venue incorporating meeting Support has been received from three local facilities, restaurant, amphitheatre, market area corporate sources in the initial stages of and a range of other specialised places of interest development. to the community. [1.4.9] • BMA (BHP, Mitsubishi Alliance) - Provided
petrified wood and fossils from their coal Horticultural Reference Group mines for inclusion in the Coal Garden. This The Horticultural Reference Group is set up by has added substantially to interpreting the Council as a community reference group to story of transformation of plant material to provide specialised support for the Curator and to coal in the Bowen Basin. the landscape architect in botanic / horticultural • Rio Tinto Hail Creek Mine - Provided funding planning and design. Membership includes the and geological interpretive information from Curator; Team Leader (Horticulture); relevant their geotech services section toward the horticultural staff (as needed); invited key development of the Coal Garden specialist community and industry • representatives; [1.4.4.2] Eco Smart - Contributing one tree for every solar hot water system sold in Mackay toward the establishment of the Monsoon Garden.
[1.6.1] ACADEMIC CONTEXT Australian Centre for Lifestyle Horticulture TAFE College of Horticulture This not-for-profit industry organisation, an Discussions with the TAFE academic staff (in initiative of the Department of Primary Industries 2000 and again 2010) indicate that the existing and the Nursery and Garden Industry of inner city campus severely limits the optimum Queensland, has established a series of grass educational and training procedures for plots along The Parade to research new lawn horticulture. The possibility of establishing a grass species and cultivars in the tropical climatic College of Horticulture on site at the Botanic conditions. [1.6.2] Gardens was seen as desirable. It is feasible to integrate the facility into the proposed Meadowlands Centre, with appropriate planning to COMMUNITY CONTEXT ensure optimum multiple use of buildings and resources. Society for Growing Australian Plants Mackay Branch It is suggested that every effort be made to It is an understatement to say that this dedicated achieve this aim as it follows the long time local community group has been simply ‘involved’ tradition of botanic gardens worldwide over many with the development and establishment of these centuries where education and research is the Botanic Gardens. Quite simply without their very fundamental activity. The students will provide an willing assistance and determination, the Botanic invaluable resource to assist day to day Gardens would probably never have commenced. establishment and maintenance of the Gardens as an education opportunity. [1.5.2.1] It is obvious that their efforts will continue to be of immeasurable value and assistance to Council Education at the Botanic Gardens and to the community as they willingly continue to Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has been accept every opportunity to ensure, through the particularly successful in establishing a strong development of the Botanic Gardens, the educational role to all educational levels in the preservation of the bioregional vegetation by city. Numerous specific programmes have been collection, propagation, research, interpretation prepared and regular school groups take and demonstration. [1.8.6.1] advantage of the growing resource provided by this specialised development. Programmes are Bird Observation & Conservation Australia varied and tailored to all age groups and interests Members the Bird Observation and Conservation with specific reference to the state education Australia - Mackay Branch (MACBOCA) have strategy. Consequently the Botanic Gardens is been intimately involved with the ongoing having an extensive influence in the community development of the Gardens through their representation on the Steering Committee,
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens donations and continuing contributions. They have two of the Botanic Gardens. The responses from recorded field observations of bird species on the the recent community consultation process, ten Lagoons site over an extended period of time, years later, indicate that public support and identifying that the reserve is a prolific bird habitat participation in the project is increasingly particularly for waterbirds. [1.8.6.2] significant and the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens continues to provide an important Wildlife Tourism - Bird watching Enhanced scientific, cultural and social venue for Mackay. Bird watching is a major component of wildlife [1.8.8] tourism and is one of the most rapidly growing pastimes in the Western world. Significant Potential Visitation numbers of local as well as international tourists It could be interpolated from ABS figures that by visiting Australia do so in part or primarily to watch 2020 of the order of 35,000 local residents may birds. Although the economic, recreational and visit the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens social significance of bird watching has been annually, once an appropriate level of recognised elsewhere, there is little information development has been achieved. [1.2.9] about this form of recreation or its importance within tourism in Australia. In the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens this has become one of ROADS & TRANSPORT the major associated attractions of the site. [1.8.6.2] Lagoon Street - road corridor resolution Specimens of the initial early tree planting and Community Groups Involvement sections of the bikeway extended across the park Other locally active community groups have site boundary taking advantage of the wide road become involved in the Gardens. corridor of Lagoon Street. At the time it was • CQ Aboriginal people have advised on anticipated that the then existing road would not specific cultural elements; be upgraded and the 2000 master plan for the • Australian South Sea Islanders have development of the Botanic Gardens should take established their own centre on the Botanic advantage of the available road corridor. It was Gardens site; intended to adjust the site boundary to • Torres Strait Islanders have commenced to accommodate the functions of the road as well as establish their own garden on site. the Botanic Gardens. Now that Lagoon Street has • Maltese community have contributed to the been upgraded and Botanic Gardens development of the Malta Garden complete development is continuing it is important that the with Bocce court. resolution of the site boundary be immediately • Historic Society has assisted with research finalised to provide security for the continuing and information for the local heritage gardens development and management of the site to enable ‘glimpse’ gardens to be created on sections affected. [2.3.1] site. [1.8.6.4, 5, 6, 7 & 8] Meadowlands Multifunction Corridor Site planning for Meadowlands has defined a Mackay Botanic Gardens Friends major multifunction corridor traversing the site Undoubtedly a large part of the continuing from Lansdowne Road, across Eulamere success of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Wetlands, through Meadowlands extending south is directly related to the diverse and willing across Kaliguil Lagoon to Balmoral and the assistance given by the community through Tourist Information Centre; a western arm of the becoming a Botanic Gardens Friend. Without this corridor can ultimately traverse the lagoon edge remarkable effort the Gardens would not be at the from Meadowlands under the railway bridge stage they are. Council’s investment has been towards the Peak Downs Highway. amazingly augmented though the untiring efforts of this dedicated group of citizens of all ages. It is This corridor is planned to have a multifunction obvious that these Friends intend to maintain circulation function through the western sections even increase this momentum to ensure that of the site comprising: ‘their’ Gardens continue to develop. [1.8.7] • major construction, maintenance and emergency vehicle access; Community Questionnaire • major pedestrian spine; Many of these responses and comments were • trunk bikeway linking the University, similarly identified by the community consultation Racecourse area and Ooralea with the Blue process in 2000 and have since been Water Trail; incorporated into the planning, design, development and management of stages one and
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Consequently the multifunction corridor should Dr Karl Langer was also responsible for the wide ultimately be constructed with pavements up to use of the Royal Palm in the Mackay CBD, it is 5m wide in high use sections and suitably strongly suggested that this Royal Palm designed to define and where necessary separate streetscape should be protected by Council for its people, vehicle and bicycle zones. heritage value to the city. [2.5.6] [2.3.3; 4.2.1.1; 4.2.2.2] Lagoons Catchment Hydraulic Study Western Bikeway It is imperative that the proposed lagoons The Mackay Bicycle Plan proposes a western catchment hydrological study by Mackay Regional bikeway route around the Botanic Gardens Council considers all of the opportunities and Meadowlands site linking the Blue Water Trail constraints suggested by the 2010 Botanic (along Lagoon Street north corridor) traversing Gardens Master Plan to upgrade the health and near or along Alexandra Street to Ram Chandra quality of the water in the lagoons to optimum Drive. The need to cross Kaliguil Lagoon and the levels appropriate to this significant scientific and railway line makes such a proposal an expensive community facility. [2.4.4] and difficult proposition. The proposed Meadowlands Multifunction Corridor provides a The Lagoons catchment study should investigate similar route for this trunk bikeway, obviating the the long term viability of the Eulamere Boardwalk need for cyclists to use the eastern sections of the as well as the planned development for the Gardens for access. [2.3.3; 4.2.1.4] associated Eulamere wetlands and lagoons Railway Corridor system [3.3.3] Management of the grassed embankments is an important physical, environmental and visual The proposed future large-scale urban and component of the Gardens. Queensland Rail landscape development around the lagoon edges currently maintain the embankment as long grass both upstream and within the Botanic Gardens which provides a valuable habitat for small grass has the potential to produce high nutrient runoff birds but is also a fire hazard. Unfortunately the which could result in algal blooms unless effective corridor is infested with the invasive weed species management of fertilisers and excess runoffs is Luceana; this is a continuing maintenance instigated. A full assessment of algae production problem providing a seed source infesting the and control should be undertaken in the proposed Lagoons corridor and the Botanic Gardens. [2.3.6] Lagoons Catchment hydrological / environmental study. [3.3.5]
The drainage line discharging stormwater from West Mackay down the slope near Lansdowne ADJOINING LAND USE Road does not have a gross pollutant trap and most other stormwater flowing into Eulamere Mackay Tourism Showcase Centre expansion Wetlands also conveys polluting domestic Australian South Sea Islander Centre rubbish. It is important to install GPT to all existing Sugar Research Centre redevelopment and new stormwater lines. [3.3.7] [4.6.2] Proposed development and expansion planning for each of these adjacent facilities impacts on the ongoing development of the Botanic Gardens for which the master plans of both 2000 and 2010 MACKAY WATER TREATMENT PLANT ISSUES suggest similar conference and restaurant facilities. It is important that a combined viability / Mackay Water - Settlement Ponds & Bore Field feasibility study involving all three centres be The settlement ponds will become redundant to undertaken before final decisions are made about the water treatment process during 2010. At this development of any of the projects. [2.5.5; 2.5.6; time they may become available for specific 3.6.4] Botanic Gardens purposes.
Nebo Road – Cuban Royal Palm Streetscape The bore water is good quality but with a high As part of the original development of the Sugar magnesium content which will need appropriate Research Institute the forecourt was developed treatment if used for irrigation to avoid deleterious with a distinctive formal garden dominated by effect on plant material. several avenues of Royal Palms which continued along both sides of Nebo Road. The palms have Consideration has been given to using the ponds matured and now make a visually distinctive as part of a sustainable water supply system streetscape which has been used to influence and linked to occasional use of the bores. This define the adjacent World Regional Flora Garden opportunity to be defined and confirmed by a proposed for the Botanic Gardens. Since architect
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens specific study in conjunction with Mackay Water. Botanic Gardens Sections Alternatively the ponds could be part of research In order to simplify reference and assist site into wetland species and treatment techniques or orientation, the overall site area has been divided removed to add additional space for the collection. into a six sectors. Each sector is referred to by its [2.5.1] geographic location and also by the name of a significant local heritage garden of the 19th and Water Treatment Plant Backwash 20th centuries to commemorate the early history Once the upgrade is complete approx 1mgl / day of gardening in the region. will be available for release into the Lagoons. This Balmoral; Kaliguil; Cremorne; Summerlands; may be directly discharged below the water Rawsons Hollow; Meadowlands. [3.1] treatment plant in a specially constructed delivery feature integrated with the bank stabilisation Australian South Sea Islander Association works. Portions of this water could be diverted to The Australian South Sea Islander Association flow down the Sarina-Proserpine waterway, the has developed a planning strategy to substantially Finch Hatton Waterway and possibly the Coal redevelop the existing Balmoral section to include Garden waterway and the Monsoon waterway. three additional major structures and associated This would obviate the need for pumping to site elements to create a community village, recycle lagoon water through these constructed meeting and interpretive centre. The preliminary waterways and add substantially to the aeration of layout does not take into consideration the the return water. [2.5.1] limitations of the existing lease boundary or the impact on the adjacent existing and planned Botanic Gardens development initiatives as well Treatment Plant - Use of Backwash Water as landscape maintenance responsibilities. With the upgrading of the water treatment plant Should this project expansion proceed it will be the opportunity exists to use excess discharge necessary to reconsider these issues at the outset water in association with lagoon water to develop of detail planning and design [3.6.4] a sustainable irrigation system that does not depend on town water, except in emergencies. Exotic species progressive removal This is an important opportunity to incorporate Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has a primary sustainability to the project. [4.6.2] botanic focus on the plants of the Central Queensland Coast Bioregion within the overall site; the progressive evaluation of established PHYSICAL SITE CONDITIONS exotic species should include assessment of their cultural significance as well as weed potential Botanic Gardens Site when determining retention or removal of exotic The site for the gardens is extensive and diverse specimens in future development and and defined as follows: maintenance works. [3.7.2]
Eastern Section 28.70 ha Climate Change (bounded by the Lagoons, Lansdowne It is vital that the Mackay Regional Botanic Road, Lagoon Street, Nebo Road and Gardens plays a significant role in assisting to Alexandra Street; including the water area preserve the species of the environments of the of the lagoons) bioregion threatened by climate change. The progressive development of Meadowlands, taking Southern Section 4.75 ha cognisance of the implications of climate change, (bounded by the Lagoons, Nebo Road, can be one of the most valuable and significant Ram Chandra Drive, & Alexandra Street; ways to for the community to become involved includes the South Sea Islander Precinct) and make a positive contribution to the related
global effort. [3.9.4] Western Section 15.10 ha
(bounded by the Lagoons, Crowleys Road, Alexandra Street & Lansdowne It is likely that climate change will have an impact Road) on many aspects of the existing and proposed development of the Botanic Gardens. Northern Section 2.61 ha Interpretation and application of some recent (bounded by the Lagoons, Lansdowne climate change investigations indicate a number Road & private property) of potential physical impacts which need to be ______considered in ongoing planning and development. Total Site Area 51.16 ha [3.9.4.1] [2.1]
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Queens Park was not recommended as an annex typical of the region, would be most appropriate due to the likely negative influence of climate for the structures. Generally, it is recommended change on vegetation by raised water table and that materials used should be in harmony with the related salt intrusion. The exotic emphasis of colours and textures of the natural materials of the Queens Park is complementary to the CQC site with particular reference to the built heritage bioregion emphasis of Mackay Regional Botanic character of the Mackay region. Planning, design, Gardens; joint promotion should continue to construction and management procedures should maximise the scientific value of the combined all demonstrate optimum sustainability principles. collection. [5.3.1] [4.3.2]
Cremorne Visitor Centre – Education & Visitor MASTER PLANNING CIRCULATION ISSUES Reference Centre The third module of the Visitor Centre will provide Pedestrian Circulation network facilities to allow the science of botany and The pedestrian circulation network has been horticulture to be made available to the public planned relative to the site constraints and the through interpretation and education by display, plant collections to provide a range of differing lecture, film and workshops. The growing experiences via the primary, secondary and demand for educational visits by school groups tertiary path network. The pathway network forms and the community generally demands that this a series of circuits with varying themes and module be established immediately if the Botanic lengths to create interest and diversity for visitors. Gardens are to maintain their current positive This network is to be progressively planned in influence. [4.3.3.5] detail as an integral part of the design development for the various horticultural zones and garden areas throughout the Botanic Cremorne Visitor Centre Orientation Canopy Gardens. [4.2.1] It is planned to construct an innovative canopy (for rain and sun protection) to further define the Meadowlands Multifunction Access Corridor arrival experience along the Orientation Walkway This is planned as the principal construction, by providing visual relationships and interaction maintenance, emergency, pedestrian and bikeway with the specialised landscape and plant corridor for the third stage of the development. collection. This element is inspired by the botanic The route commences at Lansdowne Road just forms of an elongated sepal, continuing the orchid east of the waterway crossing, traverses along the theme on which the architecture of the Visitor lower slopes of the eastern escarpment, around Centre is based. [4.3.3.2] the Eulamere field recreation area to cross the waterway by a new bridge linking with the Gatehouse Residence Meadowlands Focus; the corridor then traverses It is desirable for the Curator or other senior staff along the western escarpment past the member to live on or close to the Botanic Gardens Meadowlands Centre and through the western site, particularly for security of the collection but lagoon flats to a new crossing over Kaliguil also for ease of access. The existing homestead Lagoon providing access beside the grassland off Alexandra Street is ideally located as a bird habitat to the Australian South Sea Islanders gatehouse as well as a significant focal element of Precinct; a western spur link follows along the Meadowlands. It is suggested that subject to upper lagoons toward the future residential and structural adequacy assessment, the building industrial areas of Racecourse and Te Kowai and could be restored to its original character to the Peak Downs Highway. A trunk bikeway along function as a residence for the Curator. this route is suggested by the Mackay Bikeway Plan. Alternatively a suitable residence could be [4.2.1]; [4.2.2] incorporated into the Operations, Maintenance and Nursery Precinct to effectively function as a ‘gatehouse’. [4.3.5] MASTER PLANNING: STRUCTURES Water Treatment Plant Architectural Character It is important that this complex be integrated into It is proposed that all structural elements be the overall suburban character of West Mackay designed to be architecturally integrated into the and specifically within the Botanic Gardens using surroundings within the constraints set by their appropriate industrial scale landscape; interpretive particular functional requirements. The traditional signage to tell the story of water supply and climate responsive, tropical “Queenslander” style treatment in the city is recommended. [4.3.8] of architecture (or a contemporary derivative),
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 7 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Torres Strait Islander Garden The Islanders intend to sculpt a traditional entry It has been determined by the Botanic Gardens gateway from three of the Harbour Wharf Logs to Working Group that the consolidation of stages span the entrance pathway from the Tamarind one and two should be completed prior to the carpark. A traditional shelter, based on the form of commencement of Meadowlands. a leaf from the Thespesia populnea tree, is located off the main axis pathway as the central The principal elements identified for completing focus to identify the garden and relate to the the initial development works along the Eastern adjacent ceremonial dancing area. On the Sections include: [4.8 & 5.7] opposite side is an area where traditional cooking and feasting can be organised. The whole garden Circulation is to be integrated within massed vegetation • Slip lanes in Lagoon Street to ensure safe typical of the diverse environments of the five access and egress from either direction to the island groups of the Torres Strait. [4.4.4] Cremorne Visitor Centre Carpark; • Tamarind carpark – formalising and Under the Banyan – Play Garden extending; The second phase of the Play Garden development is located under and around the Vehicle maintenance pathways adjacent shady Fig Trees; ‘Our Backyard’ is • Regional Rainforests bridge & loop path; planned to provide a storytelling area, hands on • Ethno-botany loop path; gardening and other opportunities for children to • World Regional Flora loop path; interact with their natural environment, all planned • World Regional Flora Garden; to expose children to the science of botany in an • Coastal Headlands access – linking and exciting and educational way without the use of integrating with Mackay Water bank ‘off the shelf’ play equipment. [4.4.5] stabilisation works;
• Cremorne Visitor Centre lower path widening; Cremorne VC – Meadowlands visual axis • Timber Trees loop path; The axis between the Cremorne Visitor Centre • and the Meadowlands Focus extends diagonally Lansdowne / Eulamere Wetlands / Monsoon across Eulamere Lagoon. To define and area – maintenance access circulation; • emphasize the significance of this view corridor it Eulamere Lagoon east foreshore access – for is recommended that a line of jets could be maintenance removal of aquatic weeds; • installed to provide increased aeration as part of Kaliguil Lagoon east foreshore access – for the water quality improvement strategy. (It is maintenance removal of aquatic weeds; anticipated that increased water aeration may be a recommendation of the hydraulic study.) [4.5.7] Infrastructure • Resolve the Eulamere Wetlands abnormally Perimeter Fencing high water level and weed problems; It is inevitable that sections of the Botanic • Lawn Terraces Regional Flora – slope Gardens will need to be securely fenced and/or remediation treatment; (previously Timber possibly patrolled at night in the future when the Tree collection, now relocated to collection demands this. This will be a costly Meadowlands) exercise and require careful design to ensure • Fencing along Nebo Road, Lagoon Street & security barriers are both aesthetically acceptable Lansdowne Road; and effective. The upgrading of Lagoon Street has made fencing an urgent necessity for safety Structures reasons. [4.6.1] • Cremorne Visitor Centre Education & Visitor Reference Centre – multipurpose facility for education / interpretation / displays; • Cremorne Visitor Centre Orientation Walkway EASTERN ESCARPMENT Canopy; • Eungella Cloud Garden – rationalise; Consolidation – stages one & two This Master Plan review process has resulted in • Ethno-botany Garden vine supports; the identification of a number of issues that still • Intake Tower Bridge and Lookout; remain to be implemented from the initial planning • and design process as well as others that need to Monocot Lagoon Deck & Bamboo Shelter be revised or added to ensure that the Gardens • continue to be developed, managed and operated Malta Vine Vault; • at optimum efficiency for the benefit, enjoyment Torres Strait Islander Shelter & Gateways; and education value to the community.
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• Tamarind Toilet – to service the northern end of the site and the Play Garden; Site Planning Issues • Under the Banyan Play Garden completion; • Plan for Meadowlands to be environmentally responsive and sustainable demonstrating Theme Gardens good practice in all related aspects; • Ethno-botany Gardens; • Identify the soil characteristics - mapping, • Clarke-Connors Ranges community; physical qualities and profile throughout the • World Regional Flora Gardens; site; • Australian Showcase Gardens; • Minimise substantial change to existing • Malta cacti & succulent collection – possible landform and soil disturbance; transfer to Queens Park; replace with • Plan for integrated relationships between the Bioregional Rockery species; collection - landform; soil; water; microclimate; • Flora for Fauna garden; replaces Waterwise circulation; views; etc Garden; • Ensure detail and specific briefing documents • Exotic Flowering Trees - progressively are prepared to guide detail design which replace along Lagoon Street with flowering require specific soil mapping and analysis; bioregional species suited to residential [4.9.1] gardens and streets; • Timber Trees - replace with bioregional tree Existing Structures species; (relocated to Meadowlands as theme • The existing homestead off Alexandra Street trail) to be assessed and possibly restored to its • Palm and Pandanus Collection; original character to function as a gatehouse • Rawson’s Hollow Tropical fruit tree (exotic) residence for the Curator, manager or senior orchard - transfer to Queens Park; replace staff. [4.3.5] • with bioregional tree specimens; The Pump House with other related elements • Core education precinct consolidation - Malta, including bores and settling ponds be Coal, Geology; appropriately integrated with the • Native Cultivar Garden (edge garden along Meadowlands development. [3.4.2] Screens & hedges) - replaces the exotic Hibiscus species which are pest and disease Water and Hydrology Issues • prone; The 2000 & 2010 Master Plans provide for an extensive waterway and biological wetland system to be created within Meadowlands to recycle the lagoon water to enhance the water MEADOWLANDS quality for the Botanic Gardens; • Meadowlands is planned to include a The initial Master Plan 2000 proposed extensive substantial water system of lakes, ponds and earthworks to create a symbolic landscape of the cascades. To maximise the sustainability of Pioneer Valley with substantial mounded the gardens, it is intended to recycle the perimeter landform enclosing a valley with a lagoon water (topped up by Water Treatment system of cascades, lakes and wetlands. Plant discharge water) though these new However while modification to the existing shallow waterways and wetlands to achieve biological depression is warranted it is now considered that purification; this landform should be minimised and strictly • The settlement ponds will become redundant developed following optimum sustainability and to the water treatment process during 2010. economic parameters. Consideration has been given to using the ponds as part of the sustainable water supply Meadowlands to be planned to create an optimum system linked to occasional use of the bores. environment for botanic & horticultural research • Alternatively the settlement ponds could be and development of the CQC bioregional plant utilised for research into wetland species and communities, taking into consideration the treatment techniques or removed to add identified site constraints and opportunities, the additional space for the plant collection. existing and proposed structures and infrastructure, including specifically the Circulation appropriate recycling and biological treatment of • Lansdowne Road may be widened to 7m as the Lagoons water through the integrated part of the link between Lagoon Street and waterway system. [4.9] the Peak Downs Highway; likely that a roundabout will be needed at the Lansdowne / The principal elements identified for the planning Alexandra intersection and design process for Meadowlands include:
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 9 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
• Increased traffic flows along Alexandra Street providing an exceptional location for this important and Crowleys Road will require upgrading structure. [4.9.2] works; responsibility of the Mackay Regional Council; [4.2.2] Self Funding Development The Master Plan Working Group has Vehicle access and parking acknowledged that the Meadowlands Centre • Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road should attempt to be a self funding development alignments provide excellent opportunity to that responds to the needs of both the Botanic establish substantial new off-street carparking Gardens as well as the general community. [4.9.2] facilities to serve the overall Botanic Gardens and particularly Meadowlands. Components of the Building Complex • Crowleys Road and Alexandra Street both • This principal structure and central element provide direct access to Meadowlands; the for Meadowlands is a multi function facility proposed new Eulamere Lagoon bridge that augments and complements the existing provides access to and from the eastern Cremorne Visitor Centre. It has always been sections; [4.2.2.3] acknowledged that parking associated with the existing Cremorne Visitor Centre will be Meadowlands Multifunction Access Corridor limited (thus compromising the visitor • This is planned as the principal construction, experience) and now that Lagoon Street has maintenance, emergency, pedestrian and become a major arterial this problem is bikeway corridor for the third stage of the compounded. development. The route commences at • The Herbarium and associated scientific Lansdowne Road and continues across the research facilities are ideally associated with Eulamere Lagoon bridge through the site to administration and operations; the ultimate the Meadowlands Centre down & across relocation of the existing Herbarium to Kaliguil Lagoon to the south and west; [4.2] Meadowlands Centre will allow expansion of the visitor information facilities and gallery in Pedestrian Circulation the Cremorne Visitor Centre; • The Circulation route network will be defined by the site planning and design development Climate Controlled Environments process directly related to the provisions of • Meadowlands Conservatory – a specialised the bioregional collection identified for climate controlled enclosure to accommodate Meadowlands. [4.2.1] the unique plants of the bioregion that require specific controlled environments not able to Meadowlands Focus be provided externally; • This specialised circulation element provides • Eungella Cloud Garden and Shade House – vehicle and pedestrian access up the western integral elements of the Meadowlands escarpment from the Eulamere Lagoon Conservatory; Boardwalk to Meadowlands by a series of ramps and terraces associated with an Meeting, Conference & Catering Facilities integrated observation tower; the structure is • Conference, lecture theatre facilities – integrated with the specifically constructed suitable for larger groups and general abstract escarpment and waterfall cascading community use; down into Eulamere Lagoon from the • Community Group meeting place – to attract waterways through the Meadowlands and provide facilities for all botanic / Bioregional Plant Communities. [4.9.4] horticultural related community groups; • Restaurant – with optimum location and visual relationship to the Gardens, the proposed conference facilities and close to adequate MEADOWLANDS CENTRE parking;
Site Location College of Horticulture The proposed site for the Meadowlands Centre is • The existing TAFE College has severely located on the level ridge (RL 12.0m ) extending restricted facilities in the Mackay city centre in a crescent from Crowleys Road effectively site which preclude optimum operation for the following around the top of the western horticulture section - the opportunity exists to escarpment of Eulamere Lagoon. This visually incorporate horticultural training college significant location is basically at the physical facilities in the Meadowlands Centre; centre of the overall site and offers extensive • Lecture rooms could be multipurpose with views to most areas of the Botanic Gardens, thus college / pubic sharing facilities;
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• Students will assist BG Nursery, horticulture, along Crowleys Road for multiple housing. There construction, maintenance; are three reasons why this site is not desirable. • The proposal was initially suggested in the 2000 Master Plan and the college staff remain • Site area limitations - the Botanic Gardens supportive of the concept; site although apparently extensive, is • It is recommended that immediate & effectively not large enough to accommodate appropriate steps be taken to promote, agree all of the desirable botanic and horticultural and achieve this objective; research and demonstration opportunities • It is not uncommon for an academic institution provide by this diverse bioregion. to be established as part of a Botanic • Proximity to Operations and Maintenance - Gardens and in this case provide a unique this site is opposite the Operations, and beneficial opportunity for both functions; Maintenance and Nursery facility which is used on a daily basis from early morning by Entrepreneurial Attraction gardens staff with consequent vehicle • Specialised attraction: potentially based movements and associated noise. around the Platypus and Echidna (the world’s • Northern exposure and views blocked - the only monotremes - egg laying mammals) site overlooks Meadowlands to the north possibly called a ‘Platysorium’; which currently slopes down across the • Identify and develop a unique regional central depression. The proposed landform attraction to benefit the Gardens through and planting development of this section increased visitation and multiple use of would screen the view to the north and place adjacent facilities proposed for the the housing in shade. [ 4.9.5 ] Meadowlands Centre. • There may be other potential or alternative Alexandra Street - alternative site attractions that could be considered. [4.9.2] • Should such a development proceed the preferable location is on the terrace along Alexandra Street overlooking the Gardens to MEADOWLANDS EVENTS FIELD the east. This elevated location will maintain views and sun exposure with minimal Meadowlands Outdoor Events Amphitheatre interruption by vegetation or other Gardens developments. A dense belt of riverine forest • Mackay needs a suitable venue for 10,000 will be established on the slopes down to people, which might be best located at the new showgrounds given the possible garden Eulamere Lagoon below the site. • damage associated with some large events. While this section of the site is of value to the • A smaller more specialised venue to stage ongoing establishment of the botanic sophisticated events would be appropriate for collection it is the one area of the site that the Botanic Gardens; could arguably be sacrificed, provided Council commits the proceeds of the development • The slopes below the Meadowlands Centre process to be reinvested in the continuing down to the Eulamere Lagoon provide an establishment and management of the ideal location for an amphitheatre; Botanic Gardens. [ 4.9.5 ] • It is important to prepare a policy stating the
required parameters that define suitable Sustainability demonstration opportunity events to be staged at the Botanic Gardens. • Should this development proceed it is strongly [4.9.3] recommended that the planning and design
be subject of a specific selection process or Meadowlands Events Lawns competition to identify a suitable architectural • The area below and beside the Meadowlands concept that demonstrates optimum Amphitheatre down to the Eulamere Lagoon sustainability in housing for the tropics provides an ideal level location for community utilising all available technology. events such as fairs and markets; [4.9.3] • This would be integrated with the
incorporation of sustainable landscape to
collectively make a major ‘must see’ and
‘must live in’ destination for locals and visitors MEADOWLANDS HOUSING alike. This is an opportunity that is rarely PROPOSAL presented that would integrate well with current state and federal government Crowleys Road site initiatives. [ 4.9.5 ] Council has recently investigated the possibility of developing section of the Botanic Gardens site
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THE LIVING PLANT COLLECTION and / or also exhibit potential for use in amenity horticulture. Selected species from the identified A Regional Botanic Garden is primarily concerned communities will also be subject to specialised with the research, interpretation and display of the research and display elsewhere in the Principal flora of the surrounding region. The primary focus Display areas of the Botanic Gardens. [5.8.5] of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens is on the flora of the Central Queensland Coast bioregion The following list includes the communities and based on the reference “The Conservation Status themes considered by the Working Group during of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems” Sattler the review process. The Horticultural Reference & Williams (1999) and subsequent revisions. The Group will continue to identify, refine and expand CQC bioregion is centred on the high-rainfall the opportunities in conjunction with the ongoing coastal lowlands extending between the hills and planning and design process for Meadowlands lowlands around Byfield in the south and Carmila- Proserpine in the north, including the Clarke- • The core theme for Meadowlands is the Connors Ranges to the west. It is surrounded by research, development and interpretation of the Brigalow Belt bioregion that reaches the coast the CQC Bioregional species for their in dry corridors such as the corridor between scientific value and potential for application in Shoalwater Bay and Carmila. [5.1] amenity horticulture; • Riverine Forest – along the western Plant Collection Planning Strategy embankment down to Eulamere Lagoon; The Master Plans of 2000 & 2010 have analysed • Rare and Threatened species – generally to the site to facilitate the development of the most be grown in the most appropriate locations as appropriate strategy for the establishment of the opposed to one grouping; BGCI has specific various bioregional plant communities. The parameters to guide this decision; interpret as existing landform and environment of the overall a theme trail; site provides the opportunity to establish a • Byfield and Manifold Heath – selected representative collection for most of the decorative species to be displayed in amenity bioregional ecosystems to be established. horticulture theme gardens; (It is likely that the proposed sand dunes initially planned to • The first phase of development is contained be established in the Eulamere wetlands may on the Eastern Escarpment of the site, with not be supported by the proposed lagoons the focus primarily on the application of catchment hydraulic study); botany into horticulture through the • Street tree research – specimens to be development of a series of specialised theme displayed along major pathways and in other and demonstration gardens. open space areas; • Weed and pest plants - interpret the potential • The second phase of development, basically risks associated with living plant displays centred on the Western Plateau – through signage and illustrations similar to the Meadowlands, will principally focus on publication “Are your plants going bush?’; specific composition and attributes of the • Rainforest vines – display appropriately on Central Queensland Coast Bioregion plant specialised supports that have relevance to communities, providing for research and actual use in horticulture; interpretation of their scientific, botanic and • Community Gardens - generally inappropriate horticultural values. [5.6] in a Botanic Garden except to demonstrate specific horticultural techniques; unless gardens are established as part of the MEADOWLANDS PLANT COLLECTION College of Horticulture; • Cooking and Growing – kitchen gardens The detail design development process for associated with the Meadowlands Centre Meadowlands will review the identified botanic restaurant could be advantageous but only if strategies considering them as a fundamental included as part of the College of Horticulture; component of an integrated site planning [5.8.5.2] assessment involving site landform, soils, hydrology, microclimate, visual context, circulation Theme Trails and physical functions. [5.8] Plant specimens growing in varying site locations and conditions that share common traits or The objective is to establish a representative characteristics can best be interpreted, displayed selection of species endemic to the Central and discovered though traversing a specific theme Queensland Coast Bioregion that are considered trail. Signage and specific brochures are to have specific scientific or environmental value
Page 12 MRBG Summary :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens fundamental tools to convey information and and establishment process for the consolidation of interpretation. stages one & two and for the development of Theme Trails would include: Meadowlands. [6.3]
• Reef to Mountains Transect Volunteer Assistance • Rare & threatened species Significant continuing interest has been • Timber Trees demonstrated by the local community to assist in • Taxonomic Trails a number of ways with the development of the • Bush Tucker & Native Fruits Botanic Gardens. It is important to encourage • Poisonous Plants community ownership, public support, interest and [5.8.5.3 & 4] involvement by promoting continuing involvement in the ‘Botanic Gardens Friends’ group. [6.3]
Botanic Gardens Relationships GARDENS MANAGEMENT To ensure the optimum development and management of the Botanic Gardens it is Appropriate Staff Levels important to register the proposed facility and to Providing appropriate staff levels is particularly maintain continuing close links with the Australian important if the collective vision to continue to National Botanic Gardens in Canberra, Brisbane create an iconic scientifically based Regional Botanic Gardens - Mt Coot-tha Brisbane, the Botanic Gardens is to be realised. Council of Heads of Australian Botanic Gardens and the Botanic Gardens Australia and New With the development of Meadowlands increasing Zealand. [6.3.1] the site area to over 50 hectares including special waterway and habitat management, it is recommended that staff levels be increased progressively to ensure optimum levels of ESTIMATED DEVELOPMENT COSTS establishment and maintenance are achieved. External staff numbers could ultimately be of the A broad scale estimate of costs has been order of 20 persons. prepared for the Botanic Gardens, based on the [6.3] planning and design data outlined in the text, illustrations and drawings of this Master Plan Botanic Gardens Advisory Board report. Appropriate assumptions have been made The existing committee structure should be relative to specific quantities, areas and particular maintained and progressively enhanced to form items. The next phase of the project will an overall Advisory Board to strengthen the links progressively develop the Master Plan to specific between the Gardens and the academic, scientific detail planning and design development and general community. documentation. This process will provide for more exact estimates to be prepared for the specific The Board would have the responsibility of stages and elements. [6.1] proposing specific development initiatives, researching available funding and assistance, organising promotion and marketing, representing Initial Planning & Budgets the Gardens regionally, nationally and internationally, and generally assisting with Council has continued the support and funding for optimum management and organisation. the progressive development of the Botanic Gardens and the following initial items have been Board members should represent a related cross discussed and endorsed by the Master Plan section of the community with specific reference Working Group. to environment, botany, horticulture, academic, • Budget 2010/2011 tourism, finance, marketing and promotion. [6.3] $1.5m allocation for the Botanic Gardens;
Horticultural Reference Group • Budget 2011/2012 This Group of scientifically expert volunteers was construction budget to be set based on the formed at the outset of development of the Master Plan Botanic Gardens and has continued to provide invaluable regular assistance to the Curator and the landscape architect throughout the initial The Working Group agreed that it was important establishment phases. This significant role will be to achieve a master plan that defines: required to continue to inform the planning, design
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 13 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
• Consolidation of stages one and two Meadowlands Centre • 5-10 year prioritised plan for Meadowlands Not included in the above figure is an amount of three • Documentation / implementation process million dollars ($3,000,000) estimated for the Meadowlands Centre components: administration, - 2009/10 - Master Plan herbarium, conservatory, conference centre, community - 2010/11 – Design Development group meeting facilities, restaurant, decks and terraces. - 2011/12 – Documentation The Working Group has indicated a desire that the - 2011/12 – Construction continuing facility be self funding consequently this will have an impact on final budget decisions and related scope of The following figures will assist in identifying the work. relative value of the various components planned for the development of this Botanic Gardens site, Meadowlands Outdoor Performance Centre and to determine logical and viable annual Not included in the above figure is an amount of four million dollars ($4,000,000) estimated for the ultimate budgets, allocation of funds, related extent of development of the amphitheatre and stage facilities. development and a time frame for their ______progressive implementation. Associated Costs Project Management and operations $380,000 Consolidation - stages one and two Contingency Sum $170,00 Consultancy Fees $500,000 Circulation $ 1,044,000 ______Construction $ 2,035,000 Total $ 1,050,000 Services $ 27,000 ______Vegetation $ 110,000 ______Development Plan to 2019 / 2020 Development estimate $ 3,216,000 The following schedule indicates the provisional Cremorne Visitor Centre completion value, (rounded), relative to the suggested Not included in the above figure is an amount of one development programme itemised over the period point eight million dollars ($1,800,000) estimated for the from 2009/10 to 2019/20. Education and Visitor Reference Centre (the third module of the original design). Council has made The itemised estimated cost analysis, including application under the Regional and Local Infrastructure Program – Strategic Projects (RLCIP-SP). additional associated costs, is reproduced in full in ______the attached spreadsheet.
Recurrent Investments $648,000 Not included above – estimated figure for the botanic Consolidation - stages one & two collection; plant & equipment; interpretation & directional signage - for stages 1, 2 and Meadowlands. 2009/2010 $210,000
2010/2011 $910,000 2011/2012 $550,000 Associated Costs 2012/2013 $350,000 Project Management and Operations $220,000 2013/2014 $390,000 Contingency Sum $100,000 2014/2015 $350,000 Consultancy Fees $280,000 2015/2016 $190,000 ______2016/2017 $270,000 Total $ 600,000 2017/2018 $100,000 2018/2019 $190,000 2019/2020 $120,000 Future $230,000 Meadowlands ______Total $ 3,860,000 Siteworks $ 1,345,000 Services $ 1,080,000 Cremorne Visitor Centre completion Circulation $ 3,020,000 Not included in the above figure is an amount of one point eight million dollars ($1,800,000) estimated for the Construction $ 3,115,000 Education and Visitor Reference Centre (the third Vegetation $ 1,000,000 module of the original design). Council has made ______application under the Regional and Local Infrastructure Development estimate $ 9,560,000 Program – Strategic Projects (RLCIP-SP).
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Recurrent Investments $648,000 Proposed similar adjacent facilities Included in the above figure – estimated figure for the The Mackay Tourist Showcase Centre, the botanic collection; plant & equipment; interpretation & Australian South Sea Islander Association and directional signage - for stages 1, 2 and Meadowlands Sugar Research Institute redevelopment have all ______proposed expansion of their projects (adjacent to the Botanic Gardens) which include similar Meadowlands conference, information gallery and restaurant facilities also under consideration in the 2009/2010 $15,000 Meadowlands Centre. 2010/2011 $1,300,000 2011/2012 $1,670,000 Obviously such closely associated developments 2012/2013 $1,010,000 would impact on each other, and on the ongoing 2013/2014 $1,145,000 development of the Botanic Gardens for which the 2014/2015 $1,150,000 master plans of both 2000 and 2010 proposed 2015/2016 $1,220,000 similar conference and restaurant facilities. 2016/2017 $700,000 Consequently it is important that a combined 2017/2018 $540,000 viability / feasibility study involving all such 2018/2019 $410,000 proposed centres be undertaken before final 2019/2020 $320,000 decisions are made about development of each or Future $80,000 any of the projects. [4.9.3] ______Total $ 9,560,000 Economic Cost-benefit evaluation study It is expected that there will be a significant local Meadowlands Centre long-term economic stimulus primarily related to Not included in the above figure is an amount of three the flow on benefits to existing and proposed million dollars ($3,000,000) estimated for the community initiatives engendered through the Meadowlands Centre components: administration, herbarium, conservatory, conference centre, community development of the Botanic Gardens. The group meeting facilities, restaurant, decks and terraces. analysis and assessment of these economic The Working Group has indicated a desire that the benefits is one of the most important components, facility be self funding consequently this will have an which is needed by Council to justify expenditure impact on final budget decisions and related scope of and source sponsorship for the development of work. the project. Therefore it is strongly recommended that an Economic Cost-benefit study be Meadowlands Outdoor Performance Centre commissioned as part of the design development Not included in the above figure is an amount of four phase. [6.1.2] million dollars ($4,000,000) estimated for the ultimate development of the amphitheatre and stage facilities.
FEASIBILITY AND VIABILITY
The following are vitally important components of the ongoing planning and development process.
Meadowlands Centre The Working Group has a preference that this facility should be self funding consequently this will impact on final budget decisions and related scope of work. Depending on the final configuration of the complex it is expected that an amount in excess of three million dollars ($3,000,000) would be required to develop the Meadowlands Centre. The facility would ideally comprise: scientific research & development facilities, College of Horticulture, conservatory, conference centre, community group meeting facilities, restaurant, decks and terraces. [4.9.2]
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 15
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Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
1.1 GENERAL ISSUES Architect outlining the potential for the extensive landscape and community use development of the reserve. 1.1. Establishment Process
1995 - 1999 – Progressive implementation of 1.1.1. Site History the initial stages of the Master Plan including the Lagoons Habitat Reserve (re-named the The Lagoons site has a long and significant Regional Forests) and the Australian South history intrinsically tied to the life and development Sea Islander Village Precinct. of Mackay City and the surrounding region. The site has deep cultural and historical associations 1998 May – Council commissioned Landplan with the Aboriginal, South Seas Islander, Torres Lawrie Smith landscape architect to expand Strait Islander, and European communities. and develop the 1991 Lagoons Reserve Master Plan into a Master Plan for the Mackay A brief summary of the site’s history is; Regional Botanic Gardens - completed November 2000. Pre-European Settlement – Aboriginals of the Mackay region used the Lagoons as a supply 2001 March – Council commissioned the of fresh water and for hunting the abundant Landplan team (Landplan – landscape architects, waterfowl. Fulton Trotter Architects; Ullman & Nolan - engineers; Webb – lighting; Commercial Irrigation; 1860 – European settlement commenced with Rawlinsons – QS; Asset Horticulture) to prepare the establishment of grazing and cane farming; documentation and manage construction of the the cane industry being established around the first stage of the Botanic Gardens Lagoon with mills near Alexandra Street and development; construction was completed in on Nebo Road adjacent to the site. 2003.
Mid 1870’s – The Lagoons is proposed as a 2003 – The Botanic Gardens were officially “place of recreation and a source of water opened on May 23, 2003 supply”. 2004 March – Council commissioned the 1889 – Establishment of the first State Nursery Landplan team (Landplan – landscape architects, (referred to as the Acclimatisation Gardens) at Fulton Trotter Architects; Ullman & Nolan - the site developing into the first Sugar engineers; Webb – lighting; Accurain - irrigation; Research Station in Australia. Asset Horticulture) to prepare documentation for and manage the construction of the second 1892 – First municipal water supply works stage of the Botanic Gardens development; established at the lagoons, a use that construction was completed in December 2006 continues today. 2009 May – Council commissioned Landplan 1900’s – Continued use of the site as a to review and update the 2000 Master Plan for recreation reserve, water source for the city, the continuing Botanic Gardens development and horticultural experimental station. with specific focus on Meadowlands;
1975 – Landscape Architect Arne Fink 2010 March – draft Master Plan report made commissioned to prepare concept plans for the available for public review; development of the area as a botanic park. 2010 March to May – Council and public 1985 – the local branch of the Society for comments received for incorporation into the Growing Australian Plants Queensland Region final Master Plan; (SGAP) instigated the community thrust for the establishment of a Botanic Gardens along the 2010 July – Master Plan adopted by Council Lagoons corridor.
1990 – New trunk railway line crossing of the The following report describes the process and lagoon announced, and constructed over the recommendations for the review and updating following years. process for the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Master Plan. 1991 – Preparation of the Lagoons Reserve Master Plan by Catherine Brouwer, Landscape
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
1.1.2. Site Selection Process planning process. The location and composition of other elements have been reviewed and Prior to determining a final site for the revised as necessary in order to conform with the development of a botanic garden, Mackay City new planning requirements and concepts. Council Parks Department had undertaken a comprehensive process to identify a range of sites within the City with potential for development as a 1.1.3.2. Bioregional Ecosystems Regional Botanic Garden. The sites are variously under Council ownership and in private The Conservation Status of Queensland ownership. Bioregional Ecosystems Environmental Protection Agency – 1999 A. The Lagoons B. Queen’s Park & Sandfly Creek This study is an invaluable resource for details of C. Goosepond Creek the endemic plant communities of the region, D. Pioneer River Environmental Park significant flora, rare, threatened or uncommon E. McCready Creek Flats species and a range of other flora categories and F. Bucasia Environment Park ecological data. G. Illawong Beach This data, together with information from other As part of the initial master planning process, sources, has been used to define a schedule of Landplan reviewed each of these sites based on the principal vegetation communities of the region the site selection criteria contained in “Guidelines in order to interpret and demonstrate the potential for the Planning and Development of a Regional of selected species for a specific area of the Botanic Garden” (Australian Flora Foundation Botanic Gardens site. publication).
The 2000 Master Plan report contains specific 1.1.3.3. Mackay Natural Environment Plan details and recommendations of the selection process. The Mackay Natural Environment Plan, February 2000 (considered by the initial Master Plan) The review process confirmed that The Lagoons outlines the status of native vegetation within the along an anabranch of the Pioneer River in West previous Mackay City local authority area. Mackay was the most suitable site for the Consequently it included only a small section of proposed Mackay Regional Botanic Garden. the Central Queensland Coast Bioregion (CQCB).
This plan is currently (November 2009) being 1.1.3. Available Data Review updated to cover the larger amalgamated Regional Council area. It is expected that there A range of other documents and data has also will be little if any change that will affect the been reviewed in the compilation of this master planning and design issues for the Botanic planning study. Of these, the following Gardens in the 2009 master plan. documents are of specific relevance and have been used to influence the planning process. Current and continuing research and analysis of the regional ecosystems will be a major consideration of the detail planning and design for 1.1.3.1. Lagoons Reserve Master Plan the plant collection to be established throughout the Gardens and in Meadowlands specifically. The Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Master Plan has been developed from concepts initiated The Endangered and Of Concern Regional in the Lagoons Reserve Master Plan by Catherine Ecosystem’s (RE) need to be brought up-to-date Brouwer, Landscape Architect, 1991. This report with their descriptions, numbers and conservation was an important source of data particularly for status to be consistent with the latest Queensland the community consultation process at the time. Government RE mapping. Under the Vegetation Management Act Status there are about 30 CQC The planning and design proposals of this report RE’s that are ‘Of Concern’, if the Biodiversity were basically for the development of an urban Planning Status is used rather than the Vegetation parkland with a strong botanical basis as opposed Management Act Status, there are also many to a Regional Botanic Garden. A number of the more RE’s that are considered to be elements have been implemented or commenced ‘Endangered.’ and these have been incorporated into the revised
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Consequently the ‘Vulnerable’, ‘Rare’ and ‘Locally The development of a Regional Botanic Gardens Significant’ Species that are listed in the initial would comply with the proposals of the RSOSP, Mackay Natural Environment Plan are not all of and in fact provide an open space parkland of the species that should be listed for the whole of regional rather than simply district importance. the CQCB. Irene Champion is working on an updated list (excluding the orchids) indicating The RSOSP recommended a number of policies. when these species are in the Mackay Regional Some are specifically applicable to the Botanic Gardens living collection and if it is development of the Botanic Gardens; desirable that they are sourced if possible; Grant Paterson is better qualified to research the orchids. To ensure that special activities and events can be accommodated with minimum It was decided by the Master Plan Working Group detriment to property and maximum benefit to in October 2009 that this detailed information residents and visitors. should go into the Living Collection Policy To ensure that risks to public safety are document. managed appropriate to the type of use envisaged. To ensure that runoff from RSOS areas does 1.1.3.4. SGAP Books, Species Lists not affect downstream water quality. To locate recreational facilities so that they are The Mackay Branch of the Society for Growing easily accessible by all potential users. Australian Plants has a long association with the To ensure that people with disabilities are not promotion and establishment of the Regional prevented from participating in RSOS activities Botanic Gardens project. The branch has of their choice. instigated and provided numerous species lists To harness the great pool of knowledge and which are the basis for the development of the energy which is present in the community. plant collection and for the current plantings To ensure that the RSOS needs of tourists are throughout the site. considered when developing new RSOS areas and facilities. The SGAP have also produced a number of To encourage identification, conservation, and valuable resource publications including; protection of significant natural and cultural
heritage values of the Mackay City Urban One Hundred and One Trees of Mackay, 1989 Area. Bringing Back the Bush: Guide to Recovering To ensure that effective wildlife corridors are Landscapes in the Mackay District, 1995 established and maintained between the coast Gardening with Australian Plants: A Guide for and the hinterland. Mackay, 1991
1.1.3.6. Bluewater Trail 1.1.3.5. Mackay Region Recreation, Sport and Open Space Plan (RRSOSP) The Bluewater Trail is a dedicated 21 kilometre pedestrian and bikeway network linking the Council has received State Government funding central business district of Mackay with popular for a new plan which is to be completed during tourist spots such as the Botanic Gardens, 2010. It will be a very detailed study linked to the Bluewater Lagoon, Bluewater Quay and Sandfly planning scheme. Therefore the initial study will Creek Walk. remain as the basis for Botanic Gardens related aspects in the 2010 master plan review. The trail will incorporate: Raised boardwalks; The Mackay RSOSP was prepared in 1998 and Environmental areas; includes reference to the Lagoons Reserve Activity areas for children and young people; Master Plan. The RSOSP identifies the Lagoons Gardens and play areas; and Reserve as “a future site for Botanic Gardens” Access for people with a disability and as a major priority development, along with others, in City, East, South and West Mackay The Botanic Gardens is one of the major nodes of Precinct. The Reserve is designated as a the trail system and several areas along the trail Regional Parkland catering for an extended urban offer appropriate environments for Botanic catchment. Gardens annex sites.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.3 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
The Bluewater Trail project currently involves priority, climate change influence, reef guardian completion of the section from the Botanic school action, communication/promotion and Gardens to Caneland Park, specifically the engagement methods. sections from the Botanic Gardens to the Cathy Freeman Walk (Hospital Bridge section), and the A number of the Reef Guardian Council Catherine Freeman Walk to Caneland Park scheduled items have relevance to the continuing (Environmental Park section). development of the Botanic Gardens and the ability to engage and inform the community in the one centrally located significant location. 1.1.3.7. Landscape Character for Mackay (The alpha numeric reference for each following The Council is preparing a strategy to guide the clause applies to the Reef Guardian document): selection and installation of street trees throughout Mackay. The strategy will provide a strong focus on local bioregional species so as to LM2 The Natural Environment Levy to be encourage the development of an appropriate used to protect, manage and enhance ‘sense of place’ and an appropriate unique environmentally significant areas on public character to distinguish the landscape of Mackay. land and encourage best practice in native vegetation and waterway management - the The lists of species and related information will be Botanic Gardens site is an ideal site to supplied under the Mackay Planning Scheme demonstrate and inform such processes. including trees to establish visual corridors, general street trees and species for wetland LM5 The Natural Environment Plan will development. identify and assess the bioregional vegetation communities to provide an action plan for Botanic Gardens research and investigations into management and rehabilitation – the Botanic the horticultural potential of bioregional trees for Gardens is an ideal facility to demonstrate shade and shelter in local streets and gardens these processes. has assisted the development of the strategy. It is recommended that additional research LM6 The Pest Management Plan will facilitate opportunities for street trees be incorporated into action plans for control of weed plant species the 2010 master plan. which can be assisted by the Botanic Gardens.
1.1.3.8. Reef Guardian Council LM8 & LM9 Biological control measures for weed species on Council land are currently The Reef Guardian Project is a Federal underway for the aquatic weed in the Lagoons Government initiative set up to ensure the within the Botanic Gardens. This can be used continued health and viability of the Great Barrier to demonstrate procedures to local Reef. Mackay Regional Council is committed to landholders. the process and has been recognised as a Reef Guardian Council. LM12 Native Plant propagation through seed
collection is a continuing Council initiative in The Botanic Gardens is one of the most important conjunction with local community volunteers and integral components of the overall Pioneer assisted by the Botanic Gardens River catchment. Upstream impacts not only affect the Botanic Gardens but transfer through LM13 Native Plant giveaway – the Botanic the Lagoons waterway system to impact the Pioneer River and subsequently the Great Barrier Gardens provide the opportunity for the public Reef. Consequently continuing planning, to see mature local bioregional specimens development and management of the gardens will used in horticultural applications, thereby be guided by the provisions of the Reef Guardian increasing their understanding of the value of local flora. Council.
The draft action plan schedules the Council WM1 Stormwater Quality Management Plan response and direction relative to Land to be developed for the region – the Botanic Management, Water Management, Waste Gardens & lagoons is an ideal location to Management, Community Capacity and Resource apply and interpret these initiatives. Constrained Projects. The schedules list related projects, responsible entity, commitment, status,
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WM3-11 The Lagoons Catchment 1.2. Botanic Gardens Context Management Plan is to be prepared – this is a vital necessity to ensure optimum water 1.2.1. What is a Botanic Garden quality and control of aquatic water weeds to enhance the botanic and horticultural values In order to understand the ongoing relationship of the Botanic Gardens. and potential of this garden within the Australian Botanic Gardens context, it is important to outline WM13 Support for the Waterwise programme the generally accepted functions, benefits and can be facilitated in the Botanic Gardens. obligations related to the planning, design, management and operation of the facility. W2 Public place recycling – the Botanic Gardens to promote and highlight appropriate Traditionally Botanic Gardens have been methods for recycling both public litter and regarded primarily as scientific institutions site waste through demonstration and established to collect, study, exchange and interpretation. display plants for research, education and to identify their economic potential. CC3-5 Sustainable Futures committee is responsible to identify likely effects of climate Arboreta are essentially Botanic Gardens in which change and ensure proactive leadership – the the collection is limited to woody plants, especially Botanic Gardens can be an ideal location to trees, whose growth habits may be individually demonstrate all aspects from environmentally recorded. responsive site planning, building design and associated landscape; this is to be a Thus Botanic Gardens and Arboreta, although fundamental aspect of Meadowlands. essentially places of scientific, educative and cultural function, are also inherently pleasant and CC9 Continuing support for the Friends of the attractive venues for passive recreation and Botanic Gardens will ensure the substantial relaxation. involvement in planting, research, monitoring and education. Community concern for the environment and evolving management roles have encouraged CC12 Water Conservation education growing public participation in Botanic Gardens. programmes are to be incorporated into the Scientific study remains of fundamental Botanic Gardens, particularly Meadowlands importance, but encouragement of direct where the recycling of Lagoons water through involvement by local people in management and a new biological wetland and waterway in enjoying the specialised surrounds, has evolved system is planned as an integral element. to equal importance.
CC16 Nature based Environmental Education is offered at the Botanic Gardens and the Accreditation of Botanic Gardens Visitor Services Officer is expanding the No national or international agency provides legal programme to cover a range of regionally accreditation for botanic gardens; however there important issues in response to continuing are some generally accepted criteria for defining community demand. such institutions. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) has produced the following definition of a botanic garden which encompasses LM14 The employment of a Local Laws the spirit of a true botanic garden. Officer in the Parks and Environment section
to educate and investigate breaches would be Botanic Gardens are institutions holding supported by Botanic Gardens initiatives. documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education. (BGCI, Wyse Jackson 1999).
Defining Characteristics of Botanic Gardens The following list prepared by, IUCN Botanic Gardens Conservation Secretariat, does not, constitute a comprehensive summary of the activities undertaken by botanic gardens. The criteria may be met in part or whole by any
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.5 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens institution that is considered to be a botanic A number of bioregional species are rare or garden. threatened and need to be established in ex- situ situations to ensure the continuing A reasonable degree of permanence preservation of the species; An underlying scientific basis for the collections There is no other Botanic Gardens established Proper documentation of the collections, in this region with the specific physical and including wild origin ecological characteristics offered by the Monitoring of the plants in the collections Lagoons site. Adequate labelling of the plants Open to the public Communication of information to other 1.2.2.1. Regional Relationships gardens, institutions and the public Exchange of seed or other materials with The Brisbane Botanic Garden - Mt Coot-tha is the other botanic gardens, arboreta or research principal Botanic Garden of the State developed institutions by Brisbane City Council. The State Herbarium is Undertaking of scientific or technical research now located in the Gardens. It is important to on plants in the collections develop a continuing relationship with these two related facilities. Maintenance of research programs in plant
taxonomy in associated herbaria. Within the Central Queensland and North IUCN Botanic Gardens Conservation Secretariat, Kew, Queensland regions there are a number of Richmond, United Kingdom (1989). botanic gardens both existing and/or planned for which there is potential to develop relationships To achieve optimum recognition as a botanic for mutual benefit. garden it is important to practice commitment to all related international agencies such as IUCN, The principal Botanic Gardens in the central & CITES, UN Convention of Biological Diversity etc north Queensland regions are as follows: and the core BGCI goals; as well as commitment to appropriate Australian agencies such as Gladstone CHABG and BGANZ. Tondoon Botanic Gardens was opened in 1988 as a major regional botanic garden to primarily exhibit the flora of the Port Curtis region. It has 1.2.2. Significance of Mackay Regional established a strong scientific reputation and Botanic Gardens development is continuing to reinforce its position as the major tourist attraction in Gladstone. A Botanic Garden is a significant element in the ongoing development of any city or region. A Rockhampton Botanic Garden is primarily a living museum, far Rockhampton Botanic Gardens is a long more important and valuable than a park or established traditional style botanic garden passive recreation area where visitors can exhibiting a primarily exotic plant collection. appreciate the values of plants and their use in Kershaw Gardens, opened in 1988, was ornamental horticulture. Importantly, it also developed as a collection of native plants suitable provides facilities for environmental education and for the local climate of central Queensland. specialised botanic and horticultural research. Townsville The Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens is A Master Planning strategy was implemented in significant in regional terms for the following Townsville to upgrade three existing parks into a principal reasons: composite Botanic Gardens. The Palmetum contains one of the best collections of palms in It is located within the CQC bioregion which the world, Anderson Gardens will display flora of contains climogeographic outliers of the the dry tropics region, and Queens Gardens will tropical and subtropical ecosystems with display the heritage flora of the ‘British Empire’. consequent unique species diversity ; Cairns The region contains a wealth of unique plant Cairns (Flecker) Botanic Gardens is renowned for communities, individual genus and species its collection of the wet tropical vegetation of which have significant potential for horticulture; Australia and the world. It is a major tourist destination and fundamental part of the tropical experience.
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In the study into the feasibility of establishing a Queens Park National Tropical Botanic Gardens, Flecker was Queens Park is the most well known and one of seven gardens forming a network to intensively developed of Mackay’s major interpret and display the flora of the Australian parklands. Established in 1886, the park contains tropics. The core garden was to be located in a range of exotic flora, impressive examples of Mareeba with annexes in Cairns (Flecker), banyan figs, royal palms and other large tropical Innisfail, Ravenshoe, Chillagoe, Daintree and trees. The park also contains many significant Cooktown. This significant proposal has never historical elements, an oval, playground, an orchid been implemented. display house, and a rotunda. The park’s design reflects the typical traditional urban parks of the Bowen last two centuries. A Botanic Garden has been developed (1984) around the shores of a Muller’s Lagoon close to Consideration was given to the designation of the centre of the town with possible extensions to Queens Park as an annex to the Botanic Gardens the coastal headlands and foreshore. The garden but this was not recommended. has a mixed native and exotic theme. Refer to clause 5.1.7
Other Gardens Caneland Park Other Botanic Gardens located in the northern Caneland Park, once a venue for community regions of Queensland are in various stages of events on the southern bank of the Pioneer River development in Cooktown, Innisfail, Ingham and has recently been incorporated into the expansion Cannonvale (Whitsundays). of Canelands Shopping Centre. This provides the opportunity for the Botanic Gardens to incorporate a contemporary specialised events facility in 1.2.2.2. Mackay Region Meadowlands.
The Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens will Goosepond Creek become the central focus for the botany and The extensive linear parkland along Goosepond horticulture of the region supporting the National Creek in the city’s northern suburbs provides for a Parks, Environment Parks and other similar diverse range of passive and active recreational reserves. opportunities. These activities range from radio controlled model boat and model yacht racing, The Gardens should not attempt to reproduce the cricket, skating, municipal swimming pools, to natural vegetation communities but rather apply walking and bird watching. the science of botany into horticulture. One of the important roles of the gardens is to interpret through research, and display, the potential that 1.2.3. Development Objectives selected plants from the various bioregional communities have for use in ornamental This Master Plan is prepared to guide the horticulture and in allied environmental areas such integrated development and management of the as revegetation and erosion control. Botanic Gardens. The following general objectives have defined the planning process and initial Consequently the Gardens has the potential to establishment: become the first point of contact for the identification and definition of a regional Establish the gardens as part of a National landscape character established by the increased System of Regional Botanic Gardens; and appropriate use of the bioregional flora. Develop an integrated relationship between Therefore it is important that strong links be the Botanic Gardens and the surrounding established between the Gardens and all other locality through appropriate open space major parks and reserves in the region to ensure linkages; optimum interchange of information, expertise and Collect, display, interpret and research the botanic material. native plants of the Central Queensland Coast bioregion centred on Mackay;
1.2.2.3. City Parks and Open Spaces Represent the diverse range of regional plants in habitat settings where possible; The City of Mackay has a number of significant Establish a local Herbarium as part of the parks that will complement or provide alternative associated administrative and operational functions to the Botanic Gardens at the Lagoons. facilities;
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Maintain a comprehensive system of records 1.2.6. Functions of a Botanic Garden to ensure the scientific value of the collection; Label individual plants and provide interpretive Traditionally, the title and status of a Botanic and educational data on specimens, plant Garden has been accorded to only those facilities communities and natural associations; incorporating an appropriate herbarium. Regional Promote research into specific projects, such Botanic Gardens, including Arboreta, should keep as the potential to use local species for adequate records, undertake appropriate research amenity horticulture to enhance town, rural and and perform several other important functions: tourism related projects in the region; Demonstrate the use of regional species for The most fundamental is the collection and public, commercial and domestic landscape display of living plants organised to purposes, for food and other economic uses. demonstrate their natural form and properties; Create a Visitor Centre with allied passive to identify their potential for use in amenity recreation facilities for local residents and horticulture and landscape design, whether the visitors; interest be in their functional value, shade, Promote the Botanic Gardens as a major shelter or ornament; in biological science and tourist attraction of the region. education and for personal aesthetic enjoyment; The plants displayed to be individually 1.2.4. Ownership, Tenure and Zoning identified, labelled and appropriate records kept; with voucher specimens lodged in the Ownership State Herbarium with duplicate copies in the The site should be under one ownership that may Gardens Herbarium; be vested in the Local Government Authority or a The garden should be carefully planned and suitably set up management body charged with designed relative to physical and the responsibility for development and environmental site opportunities and management of the Botanic Gardens. constraints as they relate to the collection and its particular functions; Tenure The opportunity to see living plants displayed It is fundamental that land tenure be organised so in cultivation, described and explained by that the subject land is set aside specifically for interpretive aids, will provide opportunity for Botanic Gardens purposes for all time. Australia’s increasingly urban population to appreciate the natural diversity and Zoning horticultural value of the natural flora of the The current Planning Scheme zones the site as region; such displays will also promote ‘open space’. It is fundamentally important that awareness of the need for conservation and special recognition be given in the planning environmentally sustainable development; scheme so that the use of the subject land as a The educational role of Botanic Gardens in Botanic Gardens is established and protected. It conservation is particularly significant; a may be necessary to organise a new exclusive Botanic Garden is definitely not a substitute for zone or specific definition under the Open Space the preservation of natural populations in the category to cover and protect the site use as a wild but should provide for the ex situ Botanic Garden. conservation of rare and threatened species; The horticultural advisory role of a botanic It is also desirable to ensure that all adjacent land garden directly relates to experience gained in areas are suitably zoned to complement a Botanic growing plants in cultivation, for display and for Garden. other purposes. Specific horticultural research shall identify the potential for a range of commercial purposes, such as garden plants, 1.2.5. Open Space Linkages cut flowers or dried ornamental materials; The Botanic Gardens collection provides the It is desirable to consider and preserve the opportunity for supply of plants and support existence of, or planning for, linear open space facilities for scientific (including linkages joining the Botanic Gardens to the pharmaceutical) research; regional open space system and to identify related Few tourists, whether intrastate, interstate or natural wildlife corridors. These linkages will also international, will have the opportunity to gain facilitate pedestrian access to the site separate an understanding of, or observe a from the road network, and increase the overall comprehensive selection of the native flora of potential to preserve and interpret biodiversity. this large and diverse continent. The national
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system of Regional Botanic Gardens and Economic Benefits Arboreta will facilitate this. To become a major element attracting tourists to the area, with consequent stimulus to the local economy; 1.2.7. Benefits of a Botanic Garden To stimulate the development of related and flow on projects in the locality, e.g. additional The development of a Botanic Garden has accommodation; numerous short and long-term benefits, which To stimulate provision of new infrastructure, result directly from the planning, design, e.g. roads, water, supply; construction and operation procedures. To provide a comprehensive planning and construction strategy for a large open space area which will enable the responsible Local The following are some of the more significant: Government to prepare associated long term budgets with consequent economies of scale; Environment Benefits To assist in the development and introduction To be a practical means of preserving aspects of Australian plants as horticultural subjects of the national and regional biodiversity; and the promotion of their use in the nursery To stimulate a wider awareness of and caring and landscape industry and by the general for the environment; community. To provide interpretive data to increase awareness of the values of native plant Political Benefits communities and ecosystems; To provide one of the fundamental expressions To create positive community focus for the of Nationalism through the preservation and conservation movement; interpretation of Australian plant material and environments; Community Benefits To be the subject of applications for funding To provide expansive areas of attractive open from Local, State and Federal sources as well space for passive recreation use by the local as to the corporate sector; community and by visitors; To appeal to the ‘green vote’ with resultant To provide a source of specific information political kudos. about plants and their uses; To create a centre for education and research into botany, horticulture and landscape; To provide demonstration gardens which 1.2.8. Network of Australian Regional assist the local community to establish Botanic Gardens appropriate home, commercial and industrial landscape environments suited to the local The Australian flora is a unique world treasure of conditions; vast plant diversity. There is a National obligation To carry out research to assist industry in to conserve the Australian flora and dependent environmental stewardship and awareness, fauna. This can only be achieved by the managed e.g. mining rehabilitation, ornamental conservation of significant natural areas. horticulture; To provide facility for local schools and The increasing measures consequent on the colleges to use for education in botany, biology expanding human presence across the nation and other related academic subjects; together with climate change demands To provide a focus and opportunities for appropriate compromise between conservation community involvement and various benefits of and ecologically sustainable development. a social nature for all age groups and abilities; To engage with other groups with horticultural/ The creation of a network of Regional Botanic botanical or allied interests; Gardens of Australian Flora established in To maintain a Friends of the Botanic Garden selected locations throughout Australia is planned group which offers a valuable community to support research into the management of service opportunity for those with specific natural areas, and the conservation and interest in botany, horticulture and the rehabilitation of rare and threatened flora outside environment, as well as for the retired or these natural reserves. others not currently in the workforce. The Regional Botanic Gardens network will also support the development of the Australian horticultural industry by research leading to the
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.9 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens introduction of appropriate native species to - establish regional herbaria to include specimens cultivation. of local species and genotype, as well as voucher specimens for the living collection; The network of Regional Botanic Gardens is - offer advise to the nursery industry and the media regarding species suitability for specific planned to become a major factor in a national areas and structures; conservation strategy designed to assist and promote ecologically sustainable development by: 3. To encourage research, establishment and display of plant material suitable to the region with specific The preservation of the local biodiversity; emphasis on the regional flora; Assisting botanic research; Increasing awareness of the value and use of 4. To increase awareness of the collective strength and influence of gardens through network the Australian flora; representation at local, state and federal Establishing facilities that will contribute to government level and to seek funding and community lifestyle, and assistance through appropriate programmes; Assisting in attracting tourism to the region. 5. To establish an effective promotion and public awareness programme for Regional Botanic 1.2.8.1. Network of Regional Botanic Gardens and for the network; Gardens for the Tropical & Sub 6. To promote to local authorities the scientific, Tropical Zone (NRBG) economic, educational, heritage, cultural and recreational values available through Regional The development of a series of new Botanic Botanic Gardens for their communities; Gardens in the various regional areas of Australia, has encouraged the establishment of networks in 7. To promote the use of skilled operational various Australian zones. procedures and develop the potential for specialised training; This Network of Regional Botanic Gardens Tropical and Subtropical Zone (NRBG) was 8. To develop a spirit of cooperation, rather than competition, between Regional Botanic Gardens. formed in September 1994 at a meeting of 38 persons representing nineteen gardens from throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of 1.2.8.2. BGANZ Queensland Queensland & NSW; comprising six established, four proposed and nine undertaking feasibility Since 1994 the NRBG has communicated through investigations. The membership formulated a a newsletter and teleconferences, and met specific vision statement and goals for the together a number of times in conferences to network and these are as follows: discuss issues, problems and opportunities of
mutual interest. In 2008 at the Gold Coast
Vision conference it was decided to reform the network To establish a network of regional Botanic Gardens under the banner of the recently established which will enable members to gain mutual benefit similar but national organisation the Botanic through cooperation, exchange of knowledge, ideas Gardens of Australia and New Zealand - BGANZ and experience, sharing of resources and increased as the Queensland group - BGANZQ. strength associated with belonging to a large and influential organization. This decision will provide substantial benefit though access to a wider group of botanic gardens. It is significant that Mackay was selected Goals to host the 2009 Congress - the first time that 1. To establish an effective system of communication between Regional Botanic Gardens. BGANZ has been held in a tropical regional city.
2. To ensure that regional flora is well represented Refer to clause 6.5 for partnership opportunities within a system of regional Botanic Gardens, and with other botanic gardens. managed to:
- promote Botanic research of regional flora; - introduce potentially suitable species into 1.2.9. Visitation Statistics cultivation; - provide ex situ conservation in regional gardens Increasingly, the community is discovering the with an emphasis on rare and threatened flora; benefits and attractiveness of visiting Botanic - record information on specimens growing in the Gardens. The Australian Bureau of Statistics in living condition; conjunction with the Australian National Botanic
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Gardens and the Council of Heads of Australian Botanic Gardens visitation by State Botanic Gardens (CHABG) has compiled the State % following figures that illustrate the community NSW 34.1 VIC 38.5 response (November 1994 – March 1995) to QLD 40.3 Botanic Garden visitation. It is likely that the SA 39.2 figures remain largely unchanged since then. WA 47.9 TAS 37.0 NT 44.6 ACT 49.3 1.2.9.1. Australian Bureau of Statistics 100.0
Botanic Garden visitation (1994 - 1995): Most Botanic Gardens have not historically 38.5% of persons aged 15 and over visited a obtained comprehensive visitor survey data. Botanic Garden at least once during the last 12 Currently nationwide studies are in progress. months. 41.3% of women and 35.5% of men visited botanic gardens at least once per year 1.2.9.2. Recent Statistics 42.9% of capital city residents visit a Botanic Garden at least once per year The Australian Bureau of Statistics for 1999-2000 31.2% of regional residents visit a Botanic indicates that there were 123 organisations Garden at least once per year operating botanic facilities – 74 botanic gardens, Botanic Gardens are the second most popular 24 arboreta and 25 herbaria. This was an cultural venue visited after the cinema. increase of 53 facilities mainly due to the expansion of local government botanic gardens.
1999-2000 Of those people who visit a Botanic Garden: It was estimated that in 1999-2000 there were 36.7% visit at least once per year 11.8 million visits to botanic gardens. The six 26.2% visit at least twice per year largest botanic gardens accounted for 62% of 16.8% visit more than five times per year these visits or an average of 332,151 visits per location. (ANBG Canberra, Kings Park Perth, Adelaide, The results of the local community survey Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney). conducted as part of the 2001 master planning process for the Botanic Gardens have similar 2008-2009 results to the above figures. For specific detail, The National Strategy on Climate Change refer to clause 1.8.8.4 Community Questionnaire. prepared by the Council of Heads of Australian Botanic Gardens estimates that currently there are 13.4 million visits each year to Australia’s eight largest botanic gardens. (ANBG Canberra, Kings Botanic Gardens visitation by Age Group Park Perth, Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney, Darwin, Age % Tasmania). 15 – 17 5.7 18 – 24 15.1 25 – 34 21.5 1.2.9.3. Interpretation for Mackay 35 – 44 20.8 45 – 54 15.9 The visitation figures for Botanic Gardens in 55 – 64 10.0 Canberra, Brisbane and Cairns basically follow 0ver 65 11.0 the ABS figure - 38.5% of the population visit a 100.0 Botanic Garden at least once per year.
Visit at least one Botanic Garden each year Age % Applying this ABS visitation figure of 38.5% to an 15 – 17 39.1 assumed projected local urban population of say 18 – 24 42.7 100,000 residents in 2020: 25 – 34 41.5 35 – 44 41.4 It could be interpolated from ABS figures that by 45 – 54 39.0 2020 of the order of 35,000 local residents may 55 – 64 36.0 0ver 65 27.8 visit the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens 38.5 annually, once an appropriate level of development has been achieved.
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Tourism will obviously be a significant generator 1.3.2. Queensland Government of additional visitation for the Botanic Gardens provided a suitable marketing and promotion Department Environment and Resource strategy is implemented. The Mackay / Management for aspects of environmental Whitsunday region is the fifth largest tourism management and regional flora and fauna; market after the Gold Coast, Cairns, Brisbane, State Herbarium for plant identification and and the Sunshine Coast. The region is heavily lodging of voucher specimens; and for visited by domestic driving tourists attracted by continuing establishment of the on-site the region’s natural attractions. The Botanic Herbarium; Gardens is likely to continue to be a significant Specific relationships with National Parks and attraction for such tourists. Environmental Parks in the region; Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation; specific relationships with Primary Industries and Mackay Population figures Fisheries for amenity horticulture aspects; Source; ‘Mackay Regional Profiles’ Tourism Queensland for promotion and marketing initiatives; Science & Technology for The estimated resident population of the Mackay sustainability issues; Regional Council Local Government area: Department of Transport and Main Roads for 2008 112,000 people; management of adjoining MRD controlled road with a projected population reserves; 2020 150,000 - 160,000 people, and Department of Education and Training for all 2030 220,000 - 230,000 people. aspects of related primary, secondary, TAFE
and tertiary educational opportunities;
The estimated resident urban centre population of Queensland Rail for management of railway Mackay: corridor. 2008 75,000 people; with a projected population 2020 100,000 - 110,000 people, and 2030 140,000 - 150,000 people;
Detail visitation projections should be determined as an integral component of the proposed Economic Feasibility Study. Refer to clause 6.1.2
1.3. Government Context
The development of a Regional Botanic Gardens has potential for involvement by State and Federal Government in various ways including the following:
1.3.1. Australian Government
Registration as a Botanic Garden with the Australian National Botanic Garden index; Relationship with the Australian National Botanic Garden with specified reference to bioregional flora; Relationship with various Government departments for assistance provided under specific programmes; Research and development in conjunction with CSIRO, Landcare and other related bodies;
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1.4. Council Context - Information Services - Procurement & Plant - Corporate Communications 1.4.1. Mission Statement and Corporate - Customer Service Planning - Asset Management
Council has confirmed in the 2009 - 2014 The Corporate Plan for Economic Corporate Plan their intent to preserve and create Development includes promotion, and a quality environment and lifestyle for the people facilitation of sustainable development; who live and visit the City. The principal meaningful town entry statements and components of the Vision and Mission Statements communities with supporting signage and have considerable relevance to the Botanic visitor information strategies. Gardens which can obviously provide an ideal vehicle to apply and demonstrate these intentions: MRBG Offers optimum opportunity for applying these initiatives. Council’s Vision Statement ‘The Mackay region: prosperous, sustainable and vibrant.’ Community Services - Community Development & Library Services - Mackay Convention Precinct and Events A picturesque tropical haven, family friendly - Property Services catering for all age groups and cultures; a - Recreation Services desirable place to live and visit; strive to empower the community and implement a well-planned and The Corporate Plan for Community and managed infrastructure programme; Lifestyle includes encouragement for participation in community life through Council’s role is to be guardian of the region, support to volunteers with community encouraging ongoing sustainability through groups and events; strategies to preserve continued economic growth, investment and and promote local history and heritage. strategic planning that supports employment, diversity and the natural environment. Continually MRBG offers significant opportunity to develops outstanding environmental outcomes by augment already established initiatives. sustaining and enhancing our natural assets, habitats and ecosystems. Development Services Council’s Mission Statement - Strategic Planning “Our mission is to deliver the vision for the - Development Assessment (Planning) - Development Assessment (Engineering) Mackay region in partnership with the community - Health and Regulatory and to strive for excellence in planning, delivering - Urban Renewal and Economic Development and managing community services and facilities.’ The Corporate Plan for Environmental Sustainability includes support for 1.4.2. Council Departments partnerships to promote and support the preservation and enhancement of the All Council departments will have varying natural environment; to encourage application and responsibility to a greater or lesser environmental awareness and preservation extent in the continuing planning, management of the regions natural environment; to and operation of the Botanic Gardens. This maintain biodiversity through support of significant community facility has a strong sustainable management of areas of relationship with many objectives of the Corporate environmental significance. Plan 2009 – 2014 as indicated below. Various Council officers, representing most departments, MRBG offers the ideal base for all have been involved in discussions or have environmental initiatives in the region. provided information during the preparation of this study. Engineering Services Chief Executive Officer - Construction - Maintenance - Parks and Environment Corporate Services - Emergency Management - Governance - Technical Services - Human Resources - Financial Services
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The Corporate Plan for Engineering 1.4.2.2. Town Planning Services includes development of a comprehensive asset management strategy Strategic Planning will be responsible for zoning to support the maintenance, replacement and tenure issues applicable to the Botanic and enhancement of council assets.. Gardens site with the aim of ensuring the long- term future of the site. MRBG and the Lagoons offer an appropriate location and facilities to 1.4.2.3. Design Office – Technical Services solve and demonstrate appropriate sustainable procedures for water use. The Design Office will provide technical advice and engineering design expertise into the Commercial Services development of structures, servicing, and - Capital Works pavements during the construction phases of the - Waste Services Botanic Gardens. - Water and Wastewater Services - Water and Wastewater Treatment 1.4.2.4. Parks and Environment - Infrastructure Alliance
- Business Services The Parks and Environment programme assist as The Corporate Plan for Commercial necessary in the design and development process Services includes planning for development of the Botanic Gardens. They will provide specific for the most appropriate wastewater horticultural and landscape architectural expertise, systems for communities management personnel, and maintenance and operational personnel. MRBG provides the ideal opportunity to demonstrate sustainable design and management of structures, 1.4.3. Botanic Gardens - Initial infrastructure, recycling and waste Management & Staff
Throughout the whole establishment process for In summary Council has effectively acknowledged the Botanic Gardens, Mackay City Council and through these corporate plan objectives, an more recently Mackay Regional Council, have undertaking to provide continuing support for the progressively appointed staff to manage, develop development and maintenance of the Botanic and maintain this important community facility. We Gardens. No other comparable initiative in the acknowledge their participation in the region has the potential to maximise the development phases of the gardens. educational value to the community through demonstrating environmentally sustainable The principal Council staff members from 2003 – practices. 2010 include:
It is important that annual capital and Helen Paulsen, Curator 2003 – 2007 maintenance funding and related staff levels are Dion Collins, Team Leader 2003 – 2005 carefully balanced to ensure that optimum Alan Nielsen, Mower Operator 2003 – 2006 ongoing management is able to continue. Robert Cochrane, Ganger 2003 - 2004 Carolyn Carden, Gardener - 2003 Council needs to adopt the 2010 Master Plan and Dale Arvidsson, Curator 2008 – 2010 / Visitor define a specific commitment to ensure that Services Officer 2003 – 2007 proposed ongoing management, maintenance Christine Mietzel, Gardener 2004 - 2006 and development of this significant community Craig Milton, Team Leader 2005 – 2006 resource is assured for the long term. Ross Demuth, Team Leader 2006 – 2010/ Gardener 2005 – 2006 Alana Rosser, Gardener 2006 - 2008 Rhondda Laverack, Leading Hand 2009-2010 / 1.4.2.1. Mackay Water & Waste Water Gardener 2006 – 2009, Services Lynton Choppy, Mower Operator 2007 - 2010 Simone Minnican, Administration Officer 2007 – Mackay Water will retain responsibility for 2010 elements of the treatment works within the Maria Thompson, Gardener 2008 - 2010 Botanic Gardens, provide untreated water for Kerri-Leigh Lennox, Gardener 2008 - 2010 irrigation, and liaise with Botanic Gardens Maya Harrison, Visitor Services Officer 2009 – 2010 management regarding any water quality issues Alan Ablett, Gardener 2009 - 2010 concerning both surface and ground water.
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1.4.4. Botanic Gardens Management - The membership of the Committee may only be Community Committees altered by decision of Council. The membership at the time of commencement of the 2000 Master From the outset Council has established a series Plan includes: of committees to assist with the planning, design and operation of the Botanic Gardens as required. Cr Julie Boyd, Mayor, Mackay City Council Initially a Steering Committee was established for Cr Don Rolls, Mackay City Council the 2000 Master Plan; subsequently a Cr Margaret Lane, Mackay City Council Horticultural Reference Group was set up to Cr Sel Payne, Mackay City Council facilitate the definition and procurement of the Mark Leyland – Executive Manager Community Services plant collection; and a Master Plan Update Graham Burgdorf – Manager Parks and Recreation Committee has been established to oversee the Helen Paulsen – Park Development Officer 2010 Master Plan. Specific detail of these (Councillors & Staff changed over the life of the Steering Committee) committees follows: Irene Champion – SGAP Mackay Branch
Grant Paterson – Dept Natural Resources
J. D. Kennell – Torres Strait Islanders 1.4.4.1. Steering Committee 2000 Marj Andrews – Mackay Bird Observers Club Lawrie Smith – Landscape Architect Council appointed a Steering Committee in 2000 to coordinate the initial planning and management process for the Botanic Gardens. The Committee 1.4.4.2. Horticultural Reference Groups operated until May 2005. The Horticultural Reference Group is set up as a Committee Aim community reference group to provide specialised The group’s primary role was to provide a forum support for the Curator and to the landscape for community input into planning, development architect in botanic / horticultural planning and and ongoing management of the proposed design. Botanic Garden at the Lagoons site. Membership includes the Curator; Team Leader Objectives (Horticulture); relevant horticultural staff (as The purpose of the committee was to provide the needed); invited key specialist community and necessary input, information sourcing, research industry representatives; and advice to develop a project management plan for the establishment of a Regional Botanic Objectives Gardens over an extended time period. The principal objectives and responsibilities of the HRG are to: To act as a task force to oversee or provide: Assist the Curator in establishing the criteria for the development of the policy to guide the Executive Summary Reports to Council selection and establishment of the living Organization Plan and Responsibilities collections; Managerial Process Define a systematic botanic and horticultural Design Process strategy for the planning and development of Quality Assurance the living plant collection consistent with the Activities / Tasks, Schedules and Budgets aims and objectives of the Botanic Gardens Community Consultation master plan; Liaise with the State Herbarium to ensure that These objectives to address key issues: the living collection is appropriately representative of the bioregional vegetation; Conceptual Plan Provide specific local botanic / horticultural Cost Analysis knowledge and information to assist in the Tourist Attraction / Information planning, design, documentation and Visual Context management of the living collection; Utilisation Contribute to the progressive development and Funding Sources rationalisation of the primary theme categories Botanic, Scientific, Educational and for the collection including: Recreational Content - Geographical Construction Staging - Biological & Ecological - Taxonomic & Evolutionary Membership - Ornamental & Landscape - Historical & Cultural
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- Conservation 1.4.4.3. Herbarium Committee - Research Collections Identify and assist sourcing and acquisition of Collecting specimens from the Living Plant the most appropriate plant species to be used Collection is a major commitment of the Botanic in the various bioregional, community and Gardens that is closely coordinated with the theme gardens throughout the site; Queensland State Herbarium. After processing, Provide related botanic and horticultural dried specimens (vouchers) of plants with wild information to assist with the development of collection site history are lodged with the State the digital records and accession database for Herbarium for confirmation or identification and the collection; duplicates of each are retained for the Gardens. Contribute to the ongoing development and management of the Gardens with specific These, along with dried specimens of plants reference to identified landscape and without wild origin history, are mounted, labelled, horticultural opportunities and constraints. colour photocopied and data recorded, before being filed in the Gardens Herbarium Reference Membership Collection. The Horticultural Reference Group is formally structured, meets monthly and offers the (This volunteer herbarium work is part of the opportunity for Gardens horticultural staff to raise ongoing commitment to the Gardens by the items to the agenda; to discuss relevant collection Mackay Branch of SGAP.) performance and procurement information. Membership of the committee has varied but the The Horticultural Reference Group was formed core team currently includes: initially to assist the planning for stage one; the Irene Champion – Hon. Herbarium Curator, group was re-established to assist the planning for Clare Davis, stage two. Gloria Canning, Ann Douglas. Horticultural Reference Group – for stage one The first meeting of this group was July 5, 2001 and its last meeting was March 14, 2003 after 1.4.4.4. Master Plan 2010 Working Group which the group lapsed pending further stages of development. The review of the 2000 Master Plan is being coordinated by a working group to assist the Members of this group include landscape architect to update and expand the David Walker – Mackay CC Manager of Parks initial document. The objective is to review and Helen Paulsen – Mackay CC Manager of Parks & consolidate the construction and establishment of Curator MRBG (2002 - 2008) stages one and two extending along the eastern Irene Champion – SGAP Mackay Branch escarpment of the lagoons; and to participate in Grant Paterson - Dept Natural Resources the detail planning processes for the third stage of Meryl Ritchie – SGAP Mackay Branch development throughout the western plateau Ian Sutton - SGAP Mackay Branch known as Meadowlands. Marj Andrews - Mackay Bird Observers Club Carolyn Canton joined in February 2002 Membership of the committee includes: Cr Karen May – MRC Councillor Horticultural Reference Group – for stage two Stuart Holley – MRC Director Engineering Services The first meeting of this group was March 18, Helen Paulsen – MRC Manager Parks & 2008 and is continuing. Environment Dale Arvidsson – Curator MRBG Members of this group include: Ross Demuth – MRBG Team Leader Horticulture Helen Paulsen – Curator MRBG (2002 - 2008) & Bill McWhinney – President, Friends of the MRBG MRC Manager Parks & Environment Irene Champion – Society for Growing Australian Dale Arvidsson – Curator MRBG (2009 continuing) Plants & MRBG Friend Ross Demuth - MRBG Team Leader Horticulture Meryl Ritchie – Friends of MRBG Irene Champion – SGAP Mackay Branch Grant Paterson – Environment Engineering Meryl Ritchie – Friends of MRBG Lawrie Smith – Landscape Architect Grant Paterson – Soils & Regional Ecosystems Ann Douglas - SGAP Robyn Ziebarth – research and secretarial duties Lawrie Smith – Landscape architect
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1.4.5. Sister City Opportunities 1.4.6. Regional Council Logo, Coat of Arms and Floral Emblem A sister city relationship is largely economic and culturally based and is a useful vehicle through The Mackay Regional Council logo reflects the which ideas and information can be exchanged subtropical location of the region in three symbolic between the two localities involved. It therefore forms of green vegetation, ochre hills and a seems appropriate for Mackay City to capitalise meandering blue river or sea shore. on this type of relationship and investigate the potential, both economic and cultural, to upgrade their current relationships.
These relationships could be formally established by the incorporation of sister city gardens or other suitable cultural elements within the Botanic Gardens. The addition of related gardens and plant materials associated with cities in other world regions would add botanic and horticultural variety and assist to encourage a wider community interest in the Botanic Gardens.
Mackay City has sister city friendship connections with the following localities: Coat of Arms & Floral Emblems The Coat of Arms remains unchanged Matsu-ura, Japan subsequent to the amalgamation of Mackay City The relationship with Matsu-ura was established Council with Sarina Shire Council and Mirani on July 22, 1989 and involves a very active Shire Council. relationship fostered by the Mackay / Matsu-ura Sister City Community Committee and the Matsu- ura International Friendship Association. Yearly student exchanges occur between the cities and since 1988 art exhibitions by local citizens have been exchanged.
Honiara, Solomon Islands The Mackay / Honiara sister city relationship is described as semi-active having been established on the July 5, 1995. The relationship has mainly consisted of exchange of information and visits to Mackay from Honiara to inspect Council services. Floral Emblem Mosta, Malta - suggested new sister city Mackay City Council The 2000 Master Plan suggested consideration of The floral emblem of the possibility of establishing a sister city Mackay City Council relationship with Mosta in Malta to reinforce the was the hibiscus. A significance of the Maltese community. The local pair of red hibiscus community is very influential and has assisted flowers is included on with the planning of the Malta Garden. It still the city’s coat of arms, seems appropriate to consider this opportunity to located each side of the further enhance the relationships between hull of the boat. Mackay and Malta.
Floral Emblem Mirani Shire Council Stenocarpus sinuatus
Floral Emblem Sarina Shire Council Brunfelsia latifolia
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Botanic Gardens Floral Emblem in the ongoing development of this regional asset. There would be significant mutual benefit Early in the establishment phase it was decided to associated with participation by other Councils use the vulnerable plant Graptophyllum ilicifolium gaining access to the Botanic Gardens research the Mt Blackwood Holly, as the floral emblem and and development expertise. For example, the trial logo for the Gardens. This attractive plant was and recommendation of suitable street trees that described and named in 1868 from the Type are climatically, environmentally, and Specimen collected from Mount Blackwood, Port economically viable for establishing in the region. Mackay. Mt Blackwood is readily visible to the north along Eulamere Lagoon. Until recently, the Whitsunday connection Mount Blackwood Holly was only known from a Whitsunday Regional Council is currently few restricted rainforest sites north-west of considering the expansion of the Bowen Botanic Mackay but the population has now been located Gardens and the establishment of a new Botanic in the Miriam Vale area. The plant is a tall bushy Garden along the foreshore at Cannonvale. These shrub with holly like leaves and massed display of projects have direct relevance to the Mackay cerise flowers. It has proven to be a very Regional Botanic Gardens since all are located worthwhile specimen in cultivation and has been within the region and consequently there is value used extensively throughout the site for formal in close cooperation. Opportunities include – and semi formal hedges. administrative liaison; coordination of collections; joint botanical or horticultural research; as well as the benefits of staff discussion & cooperation.
1.4.8. Mackay Tourism
The Mackay Tourism and Development Bureau have the potential to provide a pivotal promotional role through the Mackay Tourist Information Centre located on the southern end of the site and through its tourist targeted publications.
It is expected that in the formative years many tourists will visit the Information Centre first before progressing to the Botanic Gardens.
Discussions with Mackay Tourism have provided the following suggestions to incorporate in the planning for the Botanic Gardens.
Establish and promote an exciting, catchy and 1.4.7. Regional Relationships marketable theme for the Botanic Gardens, such as: The Central Queensland Coast Bioregion includes ‘Tropics meets the subtropics’; all of the local authority areas of Mackay, ‘Water is Life’; etc Whitsunday and part of the Isaac local authority Enhance and promote the link between the area. Information Centre and the Botanic Gardens; 40,000 people pa visit the Information Centre Although the Regional Botanic Gardens are and it is very important to encourage visitors located in Mackay, it is anticipated that the to explore further on foot; research and horticultural development Proposed Historic Collections theme park undertaken at the Gardens will have a spill over (Marian rail line, Peak Downs Hwy) could benefit to surrounding local authorities. The have links to Botanic Gardens via the anticipated concentration of expertise, particularly extended Blue Water Trail; on regional endemic flora and its use in amenity Meadowlands should have a strong climate horticulture will provide an invaluable resource for change / sustainability focus; related regional local authorities. Mackay Tourism research indicates that some of It is recommended that Mackay Regional Council the following ideas would appeal to tourists and should continue to promote the potential for attract increased visitation to the Botanic participation by or support from adjacent Councils Gardens:
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1.4.9. Mackay Events Guided walks; Platypus display – no guarantee that they will Discussions with the Mackay Events Officer have be seen at Eungella because tours leave provided the following suggestions which before late afternoon when viewing is influence the planning for the Botanic Gardens. possible; Flora and fauna – interaction & interpretation; Promote the Botanic Gardens as a safe family Birds and butterflies – advertise dates and environment with facilities suited to all age times for optimum viewing; groups and interests; Breakfast at the cafe – excellent and unique Development of suitable and varied event botanic inspired cuisine; spaces and facilities will encourage additional Fitness opportunities - walking and bike rides; community use and related increased Entertainment in the Gardens - at weekends visitation; and evenings; The Botanic Gardens provides an excellent Cinema under the Stars – take advantage of venue for outdoor theatre and cinema to take the climate; advantage of the inviting landscape and Water is Life – ideal interpretive opportunity particularly the mild winter climate; for Mackay Water and plant material; The Botanic Gardens site is currently suitable Aeration Jets - across the lagoons; for smaller events up to 1,000 people; Global Toddlers pool and water play; (considered not Grooves is now attracting many more and appropriate); although initially staged in the Botanic Fish feeding and aquatic water life; use for the Gardens the event will be temporarily held in siltation ponds? (potential source of pollution Queens Park; the new Meadowlands area & not a sustainable practice); would be ideal location to attract the event Canoes on the Lagoons; (insurance issues & back to the Gardens; destruction of edge vegetation); Large events held in CBD Convention Centre Wedding Garden with commemorative need allied specialised facilities for special planting areas; components of a programme - the Botanic Gardens is an ideal location and venue; Themed children’s parties and special fun For Instance a welcome dinner at the Botanic gardens; Gardens for 500 – 750 people; requires More integration with Australian South Sea roofed area with close relationship to Islander Centre; surrounding quality open space & gardens; Residents ‘buy a commemorative tree’ Mackay needs a suitable field or amphitheatre project; venue for 10,000 people; the Botanic Gardens
may not be a suitable venue for such events Many of the opportunities suggested by Mackay given the potential for site and vegetation Tourism are available in the present developed damage; it is likely that such events may be areas of the Botanic Gardens. Some are well staged in the new showground or the recently suited to the developments proposed for announced Stadium project; Meadowlands and others are not appropriate. Prepare an events policy to define appropriate Refer 4.7.1 Incompatible Activities. approval and staging requirements for events suited to site limitations; this document is very Attracting a percentage of the annual 40,000 important so that the acceptable parameters visitation at the Information Centre will assist both (type, size, numbers, etc,) for potential events facilities to promote Mackay. The suggestion to are clearly defined; jointly market the Gardens through the use of a catchy slogan is worthwhile; and the interpretation Most Botanic Gardens now plan to host events of sustainability and water is obviously an ideal which appeal to a wider community interest group theme to consider for Meadowlands; with the intent to market and promote the Gardens to people who may not otherwise consider visiting. Meadowlands presents the opportunity to develop an integrated central venue incorporating meeting facilities, restaurant, amphitheatre, market area and a range of other specialised places of interest to the community.
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1.5. Academic Context Tropical Agriculture and Aquaculture Environment and Conservation 1.5.1. Tertiary Education Generally Tropical Ecology Conservation Biology A close relationship between the Botanic Gardens Ecotourism with regional University and TAFE Colleges could Natural Resource Management lead to numerous opportunities for mutual benefit. Life Sciences The principal academic institutions in the Tropical Plant Sciences immediate region include: Australian Tropical Forest Institute Australian Tropical Science & Innovation James Cook University – Mackay Campus Precinct Central Queensland University – Mackay Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Campus Research Mackay College – Central Queensland Institute of TAFE – Mackay Specific botanic and horticultural research is carried out at James Cook University by students Education and Interpretation and staff, which are generally not retained at the Maximise the benefits of the Botanic Garden in end of programme. Much of this data and the providing education and interpretation in Botanic, related physical materials could be of continuing horticultural and environmental aspects as value and interest in appropriate sections of the displayed through the establishment of a range of Botanic Gardens. With the establishment of appropriate research and development initiatives. appropriate liaison between the two bodies, some This can relate to the student body as well as the of this research could be carried out and general community. preserved in situ in the Botanic Gardens.
Research The University may also be interested in offering Facilitate specific research into many areas of to participate in various ways in management and botany, horticulture and environment carried out operations through such items as plant collection, by the academics and students as well as the recording and in providing specific botanic and corporate sector. These research programmes horticultural advice. can create unique and innovative plant trial areas, which can be interpreted for the observer as integral parts of the overall experience and value of the Botanic Garden. 1.5.1.2. Central Queensland University – Mackay Campus Intellectual Resources The availability of a wide and varied intellectual Central Queensland University which is based in resource at the regional tertiary education facilities Rockhampton, established a campus in Mackay in suggests that there is potential to use this 1992. The campus is located on Boundary Road, opportunity to influence the planning, design and Ooralea and is approximately 2km south of the implementation of the Botanic Garden. This Botanic Gardens site. opportunity will provide a diverse range of facilities and expertise that will contribute to the The Mackay Campus generally provides for full development of a unique physical environment. courses with additional associated opportunities at Rockhampton or by distance education. Honours, Masters and PhD programs can be completed at 1.5.1.1. James Cook University – the Mackay campus. Townsville, Mackay The following courses have specific application to James Cook University is based in Townsville with the Botanic Gardens. a presence in Mackay. Built Environment & Design There are numerous potential opportunities for the Environmental Studies inter relationship of James Cook University and Primary Industries and Environment the Botanic Gardens. A brief review of the Engineering – Geoscience departments and courses reveals that the Health and Recreation following would have application.
Biological Sciences Botany
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Bachelor of Environmental Science community, schools, colleges and university. The Bachelor of Environmental Science is a Specific training programmes of a short or long- multidisciplinary degree which provides graduates term nature and the use of special vacation with theoretical and practical skills to find schools focussing on particular subjects of employment in fields related to ecologically relevance to the Botanic Gardens are examples. sustainable development (including the human environment). It is based upon a holistic understanding of environmental problems and 1.5.2.1. Central Queensland Institute of processes; develops practical skills to solve TAFE – Mackay College environmental problems; provides an appreciation of the roles of environmental law and advocacy; The Mackay College of the Central Queensland and lays the foundations for graduates to Institute of TAFE offers Certificate courses in effectively communicate with environmental Horticulture and Environmental studies. The stakeholders. courses provide training for students aiming for employment in the following fields; Environmental Science students develop skills in environmental surveying, environmental Gardener / Groundsman; rehabilitation, remote sensing, occupational Parks & Gardens Worker; health, policy development, environmental Nursery-hand; monitoring, geographic information systems, Landscape Worker; environmental modelling, environmental National Parks Worker; management. Rural Farm Worker.
The experimental sciences strand examines; The fields of study include landscape maintenance, landscape construction, plant Terrestrial and aquatic ecology; identification, propagation, turf establishment and Plant structure and growth; maintenance, amenity horticulture technique, Interactions between plants, animals, weed / pest and disease identification and control, microbes, soil and water and their significance chemical application and safety irrigation in ecosystems and sustainable agriculture; installation and maintenance, and workplace Intensely managed terrestrial environments; health and safety requirements. The graduates of Vegetation and wildlife management; such courses could provide permanent staff Intensively managed aquatic environments; suitable for the operation of the Botanic Gardens. Rehabilitation and resource development; Land management. Course requirements involve considerable work experience components. This could provide the Bachelor of Science opportunity for considerable beneficial interaction The degree offers majors in; between the Council and TAFE through the Aquatic Resource Management; agency of the Botanic Gardens. This interaction Biological Sciences; would be in the Gardens providing educational Chemical Sciences. opportunities, in return receiving labour input and construction expertise from TAFE staff and Specific subjects such as; students. Student projects could become Aquatic biology and botany; contributions to the continuing development of the Water quality management; Botanic Gardens, in return providing students with ‘real world’ and ‘real time’ examples. Ecology;
Zoology. Discussions with the TAFE academic staff (in reinforce the strong ecological and environmental 2000 and again 2010) indicate that the existing management emphasis of the Environmental inner city campus severely limits the optimum Science degree. educational and training opportunities for horticulture. The possibility of establishing a College of Horticulture on site at the Botanic 1.5.2. Training and Special Schools Gardens was seen as desirable. It is feasible to integrate the facility into the proposed
Meadowlands Centre, with appropriate planning to Integration of the Botanic Gardens with the ensure optimum multiple use of buildings and various academic facilities can provide an resources. excellent means to increase the interaction It is suggested that every effort be made to between the Botanic Gardens and the general achieve this aim as it follows the long time
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.21 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens tradition of botanic gardens worldwide over many Specific Educational opportunities currently centuries where education and research is the available for different target groups include… fundamental activity. The students will provide an invaluable resource to assist day to day ‘Plant-ed’ for school groups visiting the Botanic establishment and maintenance of the Gardens Gardens with a range of innovative curriculum as an education opportunity. related topics tailored to each school’s current interests. Topics range from ‘Composting and Sustainability’, ‘Botanical Math…Shapes and 1.5.3. Education Programmes at the Patterns’, ‘Bush Tucker and Useful Plants’, Botanic Gardens ‘Water… the wonder thing… being Waterwise’, ‘Plant Connections and Plant Adaptations’, ‘Leaf Hunts’, ‘Mini beasts’, ‘Bird watching’, ‘Dinosaurs ‘Plant-ed’ ; ‘Plant-ed Elsewhere’; ‘ Small Ruled and the Coal Garden’, ‘Drawing in… Explorers’ Nature’ and ‘Living Things depend on the A core role of any Botanic Gardens is to educate Environment’. Large and small groups are the public and community about plants, nature, catered for with a blend of self-guided and conservation, horticulture and the change in our directed activities and educational sessions. climate and environments. There is a fee per student connected with this
service. Due to public demand and requests from Gardens
Friends, a Visitor’s Services Officer role was ‘Plant-ed Elsewhere’ where ‘Hands on, Minds established in 2003 at the Mackay Regional on’ resources and planned experiences are taken Botanic Gardens, specifically to promote the to schools in the Mackay and surrounding Gardens, offer guided walks and deliver districts. educational programmes to the community. Many
Botanic Gardens including Brisbane Botanic ‘Small Explorers’ which provides discovery Gardens – Mt Coo-tha, have found such experiences for children aged 18 months – 5 programmes to be an effective education years , exploring wildlife, leaves, seeds, water opportunity but also a public relations tool features, including storytelling and art experiences garnering strong support for Botanic Gardens via to planting seeds and walks around the Gardens. community participation and awareness.
‘School Holiday Programmes’, specifically for The Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has been school aged children to engage with a range of particularly successful in establishing a strong fun and educational activities outside school educational link with all educational levels i.e. times. Preparatory, Primary and Secondary as well as very young children, the aged, disabled and ‘Self Guided Walks’ using accompanying community groups via Dale Arvidsson (original brochures or worksheets are available for both the Visitor’s Services Officer 2003) and current Visitor public / community and school groups and the use Services Officer 2010, Maya Harrison. of audio self guided walks are being investigated
for the future.
‘Guided Walks, Tours and Presentations to Groups’ are also available to the community upon request. The offering of regular ‘Guided walk’ times every week on certain days is also being considered, but depends on availability of guides, being either Garden’s staff or Gardens Friends volunteers.
These programmes are having an extensive influence in the community in interpreting the values of the natural environment, biology and botany, horticulture, conservation and sustainability assisting ‘The Gardens’ to present itself as a powerful living resource for learning. The following points to be observed to ensure ongoing planning provides optimum facilities for education in the Gardens:
Education at ground level
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Clustering garden ‘education precincts’ 1.6. Corporate Context together, allows for themed usage, without the need to walk long distance between garden 1.6.1. Corporate Sponsorship areas. With the environment, culture and heritage and wildlife all strong themes for There are numerous opportunities to involve the tours and education sessions, the inclusion of corporate sector (as well as families and this ‘education layer’ with future garden individuals) in the sponsorship of various Botanic design and layout should be considered. Gardens facilities. In other Gardens major sponsors have contributed substantially toward Suitable ‘mustering areas’, seating, shade the construction and or maintenance of a range of and water bubblers to cater for the average elements at all scales from seats to glasshouses, sized group of 20-50 per ‘education precinct’ and by the donation of materials and services. should be considered. Such sponsorship will need to be suitably acknowledged. The provision of key interpretative signage throughout the Gardens as well as in specific It is recommended that identification of interest sites, a strong element identified in sponsorship opportunities and methods are a the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens 2009 specific component of the proposed marketing survey, should be designed and budgeted for and promotion strategy. at the time of construction. The following list is indicative of the type of local Toilet facilities within proximity of the key corporate sector support that might be interested precincts, requires consideration also. This is in participating in the ongoing development of the especially pertinent for the future Botanic Gardens. Meadowlands section development. Queensland Economic Development The education program will expand in Corporation successive years and due to the eventual size Mackay Sugar Ltd of the Gardens site and projected popularity, Mackay Port Authority a dedicated Education Officer position would Mining Companies within the Mackay Region need to be created. Mackay Newspapers Shopping Centres Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has been Nursery and Garden Industry Queensland particularly successful in establishing a strong Development Companies educational role to all educational levels. Queensland Rail Numerous specific programmes have been prepared and regular school groups take advantage of the growing resource provided by Sponsorship received this specialised development. Programmes are Support has been received from at least three varied and tailored to all age groups and interests local corporate sources in the initial stages of with specific reference to the education strategies. development. Consequently the Botanic Gardens is having an extensive influence in the community interpreting the values of the natural environment, botany and horticulture.
Petrified wood donated by Commerford Brothers, Collinsville for the Coal Garden
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BMA (BHP, Mitsubishi Alliance) 1.7. Institutional Context Provided petrified wood, fossils and coal from their coal mines for inclusion in the Coal To liaise with various professional, commercial Garden. This has added substantially to and social institutions for mutual advantage and to interpreting the story of transformation of plant utilise their expertise and influence to enhance the material to coal in the Bowen Basin. development of the Botanic Gardens, including the following: Rio Tinto – Hail Creek Mine Provided funding and geological interpretive Nursery and Garden Industry of Queensland information from their geotech services Horticultural Research and Development section toward the development of the Coal Corporation Garden Australian Institute of Parks and Recreation Australian Institute of Landscape Architects Eco Smart Australian Institute of Horticulture Contributing one tree for every solar hot water Landcare Mackay District system sold in Mackay toward the Australian Forest Growers - Queensland establishment of the Monsoon Garden. Chapter
BSES Ltd
1.6.2. Corporate Research
There is potential to involve the corporate sector in various initiatives in research and development which can collectively assists to establish specialised elements in the Botanic Garden and utilise available expertise and experience. For instance:
To offer research and development in primary and secondary industry e.g. restoration planting for mining rehabilitation, pastoral and agricultural research, medicinal uses of plant material, acid sulphate soil disturbance, harnessing methane gas from land fill;
To carry out specific research into amenity horticulture - cut flowers, new garden specimens and shade trees for specific purposes, etc.;
To research and develop ways to utilise local flora to create a character and sense of place appropriate to the region and Mackay particularly;
Research in progress Several research initiatives have added value to the Botanic Gardens since initial establishment, these include:
Australian Centre for Lifestyle Horticulture This not-for-profit industry organisation, an initiative of the Department of Primary Industries and the Nursery and Garden Industry of Queensland, has established a series of grass plots along The Parade to research new species and cultivars in the tropical climatic conditions.
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1.8. Community Context materials and general information. Fact sheets are an inexpensive way of publishing small 1.8.1. Community Awareness amounts of specialised material and information; The community is not generally aware of the Support should be given for specifically skilled special qualities and relevance of a Botanic Gardens staff to prepare information for Gardens. Gardens are seen primarily as a place publication in local press, or television. for passive recreation and cultural events rather than for their role in botanic, horticultural and scientific research and demonstration. Information and Publications
In order to reach and engage the public, the Since the establishment of the Gardens a range of recreational and educational facilities of the publications has been prepared as well as an Botanic Gardens must be clearly stated in positive innovative web site which is the major source of and applied promotional material. The use of public information, marketing and promotion specific and innovative advertising techniques to material for the Gardens. The graphic qualities of compete with aggressively advertised active the materials are excellent and the subject matter recreation is essential. is continually expanding in response to the development of the Gardens and to community Without such a programme, many young people requests for information. will be unaware of the values and benefits provided by Botanic Gardens which, to them, The principal published materials produced by become associated with older generations and Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens include: cultural stuffiness. This is unfortunate, because many of these same young people are vitally Brochures interested in plants, sustainability, and the whole Gardens Guide environmental ethic. In modern western society, Self Guided walk passive recreation is in direct competition with Weddings - in the Mackay Regional Botanic active recreation and the Botanic Gardens must Gardens Brochure complemented with actively compete or be bypassed by society. accompanying Fact sheet. Coal Garden Plant-ed brochure 1.8.2. Community Information Small Explorers Short History of the Lagoons The Botanic Gardens is a resource of specific Brigalow Belt Garden community services that have the potential to Become a friend of the Mackay Regional make an important, if sometimes subjective, Botanic Gardens contribution to the quality of life. The following are the major opportunities potentially available. Fact Sheets Mt Blackwood Holly (an SGAP publication) Libraries of botanical and horticultural The Wollemi Pine reference books to be available to members of Stink Horn Fungi the public, but not on a loan basis; Sugar Cane Wall A herbarium of native and cultivated plants to Life Forms Sculpture be available - by arrangement for scientific The Fernery research; colour copies of the specimens Cacti & Succulents available for general public use; Wharf Logs Exhibitions, both local and visiting, should be Preserving Leaves arranged or assisted by the Botanic Gardens Captain John Mackay when appropriate, to increase botanical or horticultural interests; Historic Coat of Arms Public lectures on botanical and horticultural History and Names topics to interested groups; Matsuura Crane Sculpture Community involvement fostered in the The Magani Malu Kes Pathway Torres Strait Gardens either through horticultural societies Islands Garden or through “friends” organisations; Heritage Gardens – Summerlands Advisory service to home gardeners by letter, Heritage Gardens – Acclimatisation gardens telephone and personal inquiry; Heritage Gardens – Cremorne Production of professional publications, as well Heritage Gardens – Ellis Rowan as popular material, providing interpretive Heritage Gardens - Rawson’s Hollow
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Neisosperma (an SGAP publication) Horticultural / Environmental Interests Top 10 Local Plants * Australian Native Orchid Society Top 10 Wildlife attracting Plants * Australasian Orchid Society – Mackay and Butterflies District Group Inc Fungi * Bromeliad Society Eulamere Wetlands Department of Environment Resource Birds of the Lagoons Management What’s Flowering Now series… Different * Department of Primary Industries years, different seasons since 2005 Environmental Protection Agency The Lagoons Terrain and Botanic Gardens Greening Australia – Qld Inc. History Mackay Branch Rare Fruit Council of Australia Inc. Other materials provided to the public but not Mackay Bushwalkers Club Inc. produced by Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Mackay Conservation Group Inc. include: Mackay & District Horticultural Society Inc. Mackay & District Orchid Society Inc. S.G.A.P Mackay Palm and Cycad Society of Australia Inc. – Bird Watching around Mackay Mackay Branch Slade Point Reserve Pioneer River Orchid and Plant Association Are your garden plants going bush? Inc. Growing plants to attract wildlife Reef Catchments Mackay Whitsunday Inc Short Walks 'Mackay Highlands' Sarina Landcare Catchment Management Overnight Walks 'Mackay Highlands' Association Inc. (SLCMA) Mackay Community Garden * Society for Growing Australian Plants Mackay Environment Brochure Mackay Branch Pioneer Catchment & Land Care Wildlife Education and Rescue Service Inc. 1.8.3. Community Involvement and others
The development of the Botanic Gardens can be Wildlife Interests greatly assisted by the community, both Avicultural Society of Qld Inc. – Mackay and individually and through specific organizations. Central Highlands Branch * Bird Observation & Conservation Australia – A Memorandum of Understanding will be Mackay Branch established with appropriate interest groups Ornithological Society offering to be involved in construction, to ensure Wildlife Care Services Inc. that the overall quality and intent of the Botanic Wilderness Society Gardens development is maintained and others.
Several community groups and services clubs Heritage have already been directly involved with the * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander formation and initial development of the Botanic Commission & Community Groups Gardens site. However, other community groups * Historical Societies & Groups have the potential to become involved in various ways with the Botanic Gardens for mutual benefit. * Mackay & District - Australian South Sea Islander Association Inc.
It is likely that many of the following local groups * Mackay Maltese Club Inc. could be encouraged to be involved with the National Trust of Qld, Mackay Whitsunday development of the Botanic Gardens. Branch Consequently it is important to identify and Mackay Regional Council Local History promote opportunities for involvement to Collection appropriate support groups, corporate sector * Berenice Wright - Historian participants and individuals. and others
An asterisk ‘*’ indicates those groups who have Arts Interest already been involved. * Botanic Art Interest Group * Creative Shots Mackay Art Society, Inc. Mackay Camera Group Inc.
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* Mackay Festival of Arts carrying capacity of the Gardens generally and Mackay Regional Artists Inc. the plant collection particularly, it is possible to * Pioneer Photographic Club of Mackay stage appropriate events which encourage Queensland Arts Council – Mackay Branch specific visitation on an irregular basis throughout and others the year.
Community and Service Clubs Events that have been successfully staged at the Apex Gardens include: Jaycees Lions Global Grooves in the Gardens – an annual multicultural celebration Quota Land Care Day * Rotary Carols in the Gardens * Scouts & Guides Annual Botanic Gardens Birthday Zonta Club Celebrations; annually 1 to 5 year anniversary and others then 2013 for 10 year anniversary.
Other Individual Estate Bequests Mackay and District Senior Citizens Club Mackay Life Enhancement Mackay Sporting Wheelies and Disabled Association Mackay 60 & Better Programme Inc. Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Association of Qld
1.8.4. Community Benefits
When developed in an appropriate manner, the Botanic Gardens has the ability to be used to substantially enhance the quality of life for local Global Grooves entertain in the Tropical Sun Garden residents, to attract visitors and be the interface between the science of botany and the horticultural needs of the community. 1.8.5. Stakeholders There is increasing use of Botanic Gardens elsewhere, by the community for theatre, cultural It is important that the principal stakeholders and musical events and for family celebrations participating in the development of the Botanic such as weddings, birthdays and reunions. These Gardens are suitably coordinated and encouraged sympathetic uses should be encouraged. to support the continuing development of the Gardens. Particularly during the formative stages, stakeholders can make a major difference to the 1.8.4.1. Major Events success and timing of the establishment process.
The random unplanned use of the Botanic The principal stakeholders include: Gardens for major community events can place an inappropriate impact on the plant collection Mackay City Councillors through physical damage, soil compaction and Mackay City Council, relative programmes - related pruning of branches and foliage to suit Water Supply, Parks & Environment view lines or specific event structures (tents and Main Roads Department stages). Queensland Rail Department of Natural Resources While it is important to encourage community National Parks and Wildlife support and use of the Botanic Garden, it should Mackay Tourism & Development Bureau not be to the detriment of the scientific basis and Community Groups aesthetic qualities of the Garden and the plant Adjoining Residential and Industry collection. Appropriately managed within the
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tracks, a simulated stream, and preparation of 1.8.6. Relevant Community Groups garden beds had been completed. SGAP working bees soon followed with close 1.8.6.1. Society for Growing Australian to 1,000 trees planted by members by the end Plants - Queensland Region, Mackay of 1996. All the plants were purchased by Branch (SGAP) Council and had been propagated by members from local material. The SGAP Mackay Branch is a volunteer Regular SGAP working bees continued till the community organization whose vision statement end of 1998 with over 2,000 additional plants is: “Cultivation, Conservation, Education”. planted by Mackay Branch members.
Since 1985, when the Mackay Branch of the 1999: Pioneer Peaks, Koumala Range and Society for Growing Australian Plants initiated a Reliance Creek - Mackay Branch members study into the feasibility of establishing an provided advice on species selection and Australian Native Plants Botanical Garden at the assisted with the placement of plants Lagoons to preserve representative samples of Again all the plants purchased by Council for Mackay district plant communities, it has been a these areas were propagated by members strong advocate for the concept. Not only has the from local plant material Branch been actively involved in every step along the long road towards the establishment of the 2000 ongoing: The Mackay Regional Botanic Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens but it Gardens Master Plan continues to support the Gardens in so many Council appointed Lawrie Smith Landplan ways. Landscape Architect to develop a Master Plan The Steering Committee appointed to oversee 1985: The Mackay Native Botanical Gardens and guide the process included representative – a feasibility Study was funded by SGAP Councillors and Staff of Mackay City Council, Queensland Region for the Mackay Branch the Landscape Architect, a representatives and was undertaken by Architect & from the Queensland Government Landscape Architect, Glenn Thomas, with Department of Natural Resources and Mines, assistance from Mackay Branch executive and representatives from relevant Community members. Groups, including the Mackay Branch of The completed study was presented to SGAP. Council but the offer of partial funding from Mackay Branch represented on various sub- the Bicentennial Authority had to be declined committees, including one working towards as no other funding avenues were available at the establishment of a Gardens Friends the time. group.
Extensive Branch and personal data provided 1990 - 1992: The Lagoons Reserve Master to Landscape Architect. Plan for the Lagoons Water Supply and Personal and Branch data on the flora of this Recreation Reserve was initiated following region and historical background material on announcement of the new interstate rail line to the earlier processes and developments at cross the Reserve. (The Railway Dept the Lagoons supplied. Information on the provided considerable funds to offset the Bioregions of Queensland, particularly the impact of the rail line across the lagoons.) Central Queensland Coast Bioregion was Landscape Architect, Catherine Brouwer, was supplied and initial tours of the region were engaged to prepare the Master Plan; Mackay undertaken. Branch representatives provided plant lists Several Branch members appointed to the and information on plant communities in the Horticultural Reference Group – ongoing; district, made submissions, participated in public workshops and assisted with public Various members involved in sourcing information days. propagation material through their association with property owners. 1995 - 1998: The Lagoons Habitat Reserve The Mackay Branch Propagation Group (re-named Regional Forests) - Branch supplied many plants and a number of other members continued to provide advice and commercial suppliers are also members of information on the plants of the Mackay SGAP. district from both private and Branch records. The Brigalow Belt: photos and species list for various western creeks provided to the 1996: First plantings by Council staff and Landscape Architect for design ideas. Large SGAP, after the construction of walking working bee in late 2002 to plant up the Brigalow Belt.
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2002 – 2003 Stage one planting; Mackay Branch members spent untold hours/days It is an understatement to say that this dedicated over many months planting thousands of local community group - the Mackay Branch of the plants in the Gardens in readiness for the Society for Growing Australian Plants - has been official opening of Stage one in May 2003; simply ‘involved’ with the development and Friends Group establishment: Mackay Branch establishment of these Botanic Gardens. Quite Steering Committee Representative served simply without their very willing assistance and on subcommittee of 4 members, appointed to determination, the Botanic Gardens would work towards having a Friends Group in place probably never have commenced. before the official opening; (Several SGAP members are foundation members of Mackay It is obvious that their efforts will continue to be of Regional Botanic Gardens - Gardens Friends immeasurable value and assistance to Council Association while others joined soon after its and to the community as they willingly continue to formation.) accept every opportunity to ensure, through the development of the Botanic Gardens, the 2003: Federal Government Envio Fund preservation of the bioregional vegetation by Project: The Mackay Branch was successful collection, propagation, research, interpretation in a funding application for the Pioneer River and demonstration. Anabranch (Lagoons) Wetland Rehabilitation Project; to re-establish ‘natural’ wetland habitats in and around the Lagoons. 1.8.6.2. Bird Observation & Conservation As well as enhancing habitat, the project Australia (Mackay Branch) contributed to the ongoing development of the Gardens and provided valuable experience in Members of Bird Observation and Conservation growing bog and water plants. Australia - Mackay Branch (MACBOCA) have Regular Working Bees throughout the been intimately involved with the ongoing Gardens - ongoing: development of the Gardens through their Assistance with interpretive material and representation on the Steering Committee, records of planted materials - ongoing; donations and continuing contributions. They have recorded field observations of bird species on the 2007: $4,000 donated towards interpretive Lagoons site over an extended period of time, signage identifying that the reserve is a prolific bird habitat particularly for waterbirds. Since 2002: Thousands of dollars worth of plant material donated by individual members With the development of the Botanic Gardens and the Propagation Group – ongoing; stages 1 and 2, members have indicated that bird Provision of technical support – ongoing; habitat has changed significantly and a wide Herbarium: Collecting and processing range of species have been observed. The wildlife voucher specimens of the Living Collection for is a major positive factor in people’s enjoyment the Queensland Herbarium (BRI) and and education in the Gardens. Grasses and establishing the Mackay Regional Botanic vegetation along the lagoon edges attract Gardens reference herbarium collection. – whistling and black ducks, egrets, darters and ongoing cormorants. The thick shrubbery in various areas attracts the small wrens and finches. Kingfishers use the high level tree lookouts near the lagoons. Honeyeaters are attracted to the various flowering plants.
To ensure that bird habitat continues to improve: Particularly promote water birds as a high visitor priority; emphasise as a specific marketing opportunity; Preserve and enhance the tufting grass habitat associated along lagoon edges; Remove the tree species invading the guinea grass area south of the railway corridor to inhibit perching of predatory raptors attacking small birds in the grass below; Manage the guinea grass by periodic high Opening of the SGAP funded Regional Forests signage mowing progressively quarter by quarter;
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Provide linking ‘passageways’ between the 1.8.6.4. Central Queensland Aboriginal thicket vegetation wherever possible; Peoples Restrict peoples access to certain habitat areas; Two aboriginal groups represent the indigenous Bird hides are unnecessary for observation; peoples and their cultural precinct has been Ensure dogs are restricted generally (to be on commenced in the lagoon lowlands area leash); particularly prohibited from the immediately north of the railway corridor. Eulamere flats and the Meadowlands bore Representatives Jim Dixon and Doug Longwe field lawns used by ground nesting birds. have outlined the elements established, their Plant a variety of native trees and shrubs to specific requirements and future intentions. They provide habitat for a wide range of bird have indicated that draft design concepts have species. been prepared and funding is to be progressively sourced to allow the indigenous gardens to be completed.
Marj Andrews educating community to observe birds
Birdwatching is a major component of wildlife tourism and is one of the most rapidly growing Traditional stone patterns by local Aboriginal people pastimes in the Western world. Significant numbers of local as well as international tourists visiting Australia do so in part or primarily to watch The specific components of for the garden birds. Although the economic, recreational and include: social significance of bird watching has been recognised elsewhere, there is little information The ‘Rainbow Serpent’ pathway is to be about this form of recreation or its importance finished appropriately by an aboriginal artist; within tourism in Australia. Funding had been sourced from CDP for the ATSIC area and ‘Caves’ were to be created In the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens this has as the principal focus for the garden; become one of the major associated attractions of preliminary drawings were prepared but due the site. to possible CPTED safety issues this element was deleted; 1.8.6.3. Wildlife Preservation Desirable for the hydraulic and landscape works along the surface drain to be integrated Although birds are the most prolific and obvious into the garden as a dry stream similar to fauna on site, groups such as the National Parks those immediately west of the ranges – this and Wildlife Service have made submissions has since been developed as the Brigalow during the extended consultation periods of earlier Belt; reports and this study for preservation of the Introductory signage at the ‘gateways’ to the habitat values of the site. In particular, the lagoon garden to interpret the various elements; edges and wetlands provide valuable habitat for Seating, shelters and drinking fountains to be the small aquatic mammals, invertebrates, and incorporated; amphibians. Specialised garden areas for interpretive display of plants used for food and medicine;
Special cultural artefacts are available for
display but only in secure areas – possibly the Cremorne Visitor Centre;
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site; the South Sea Islanders had a strong Most of these initiatives were transferred to the historic association with sugar and the mill; adjacent Ethno-botany Garden which is yet to be Important to interpret that South Sea Islander planned and designed in detail. people assisted in the former State Nursery / DPI experiment station where coffee, wheat, cotton, citrus etc were trialled; 1.8.6.5. Australian South Sea Islanders The community received $164,000 Centenary of Federation funding to convert the Meeting The South Sea Islanders, also referred to as House to a Museum by August 2001; Kanaka in some historical documentation, are a very significant and important component of the The South Sea Islander community through their community. They have established a strong association MADASSIA has prepared a revised presence in their precinct which is located planning study (2009) for the substantial immediately to the south of the railway corridor. expansion of the precinct. Apparently there are no Representative Winnie Boah outlined the firm plans for likely funding opportunities to elements already established, their specific develop this project in the foreseeable future. requirements and future intentions. Design Refer also to clauses 3.6.4 & 4.3.7 for specific concepts have been prepared for works to date additional detail. and funding is to be progressively sourced to allow the precinct to be completed. 1.8.6.6. Torres Strait Islanders
The Torres Strait Islanders have previously negotiated with Council for a site location in the Gardens to create a focus to celebrate and interpret the cultural traditions of the islanders. The site initially allocated for the garden was along Nebo Road on top of the escarpment to the south of the water treatment plant.
Islander spokesperson Andrew Ramsamy indicated that draft concepts were prepared and funding is to be sourced to allow the garden to be established. It was indicated that there are strong cultural relationships with the mainland aboriginal peoples and they would prefer the sites for both Meeting House above the Grassland Habitat cultures to be closely related.
The Master Plan 2000 set out specific The elders agreed to the 2000 Master Plan requirements of the precinct including: suggestion to relocate the Torres Strait Islander Garden to the northern end of the site, closer to Areas close to the long grass bird habitat are the lagoon edge as being more appropriate for the subject to many brown snakes; this is a major following reasons: problem for visitors; It is desired to establish food plants such as Ease of access from Lagoon Street with car taro, yams and kava, but security is parking available adjacent; (parking and direct necessary to avoid vandalism and theft; access is not possible at the initial Nebo Road security should be better when the Botanic site;) Gardens are established; strong support for a Ability to create the garden as a node or focus curator residence on site; of the Botanic Gardens circulation system; The planned ‘Spirit House’ is no longer Ability to plan an islander centre in closer required; visual and physical proximity to the lagoons A new ‘Kava House’ to be created on the which is more appropriate for the requested grassed hillside below the Meeting House; island and water current concept; A stage and amphitheatre is required Close proximity to the Eulamere wetland sufficient for approximately 12 dancers; boardwalks and the informal lawn recreation Commemorative tree planting for each family area adjacent for larger group activities; has been successful and will be continued; Important to interpret that ‘Meadowlands’ was the first sugar mill in Mackay and was on this
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They have an extensive photo collection documenting the story of the early Maltese settlers which could be used to advantage; Establish a sister city relationship with the city of Mosta; Develop a Maltese style garden which would incorporate rock walls (limestone) and formal gardens; Traditional plants associated with Malta include: Evergreen Oak, Aleppo Pine, Carob, Almond, Pistachio, Olives, Citrus, Grapes, Figs, Capers, Wild Fennel, Prickly Pear, Thyme, Smilax, Rubus, Acanthus, Carex. The main recreation activity is Bocce and this would be regularly used by the community;
Pathway through the Torres Strait Islander Garden
The specific requirements for the garden include:
Traditional gateway to the garden; Abstract representation of the island groups (as geographic zones) and the tidal currents (pathways) that flow through the archipelago – Magani Malu Kes; Inclusion of endemic vegetation and traditional food plants; A dance area for traditional dances – approximately 750 - 1000 square metres; basically a circle of sand; Traditional shelter to cover feasting benches and tables; these can also be used by the public; Interpretation of a traditional Maltese aqueduct Suitable facilities and spaces for larger events like weddings and funerals; Special celebration days and events – Mabo 1.8.6.8. Mackay Historical Society Day June 3; NADOC week July 5-9; A wealth of historic data is available from various sources and much has been provided previously in the initial lagoons master plan. It is important to 1.8.6.7. Maltese Community interpret the cultural heritage of the region as an integral element of the botanic and environment In the initial discussions during the planning heritage aspects of the Gardens. process for the 2000 Master Plan, spokesperson Donna Attard indicated that the Maltese The principal heritage gardens of Mackay have community through the Maltese Club would been commemorated by naming various site appreciate a specific garden to recognise their sections and gardens after these properties. historic and continuing involvement with the sugar industry and the development of the city. It was In addition interpretations of a series of Heritage recognised that the climatic differences of Malta Gardens of the nineteenth and twentieth century - and Mackay would be a constraint for many ‘Rawsons at the Hollow’, ‘Cremorne’. species of traditional plants but that there were ‘Summerlands’, ‘Richmond Mill’, a heritage Vine opportunities of a more indicative nature. Arbour and a garden for the celebrated botanic artist ‘Ellis Rowan’, have been established with The specific opportunities for the garden include: design based on photographs since the original Interpret the story of how the Maltese followed gardens have not survived. the South Sea Islanders to the cane fields; Habana was the first area settled;
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their tasks and the day was a huge success.
The six years following the inaugural AGM have seen the Friends extend their activities and the understanding of their role in the functioning of the Gardens, including the following: Events are scheduled monthly for members. Four or five working bees are conducted each year. Excursions to local sites of botanic interest have added to members' appreciation of botanic topics. Several projects have been undertaken with external funding, Members have attended the conferences of kindred organisations. The Heritage Gardens and Vine Arbour
1.8.6.9. RSL - Memorial Avenue
The local RSL organised to plant a memorial avenue of trees to commemorate the soldiers of the two world wars. This was established along Tennyson Street to the Wharf, but over time this has been decimated and now lacks the significance it deserves. It was suggested that a replacement avenue could be incorporated in the Botanic Gardens.
The possibility exists to plant an avenue of selected trees along both sides of Lagoon Street not only to recognise the servicemen and women Friends planting Bee at the Nebo Road Focus Garden but to create a strong botanic theme for the street which will be the main arrival route for visitors to the Botanic Gardens. It will be necessary to select The roles of Friends the species appropriately to ensure long-term The Friends mission is to work with Gardens survival and dramatic form to create a memorable Administration to create and tend to the beautiful streetscape. It is recommended that one species and growing Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens. should be selected and that it should be of Gardens Friends are people from the community regional origin. who have become involved as volunteers to assist the development of the Gardens in many ways. With the recent reconstruction of Lagoon Street it is likely that this proposal is no longer possible. Gardening Friends Participate in the free guided walks or evening presentations to support the ongoing projects with 1.8.7. Mackay Botanic Gardens Friends an annual joining donation. They also have the opportunity to become involved with exhibitions or The Gardens Friends group was initiated on a displays in the Gallery. unanimous vote of thirty-eight people attending a public meeting on Thursday 21st November 2002. Herbarium Friends Subsequently the group became an Incorporated Work with the local botanists to collect, identify, Association under the State legislation. A series of record and mount botanic specimens from the meetings progressed the Association with funding, region and within the Gardens. The Herbarium is an operational structure and uniforms for the being developed as an SGAP contribution. volunteer walk guides. Information Desk Friends The first test for the Friends was the opening of Staffing the first point of call for tourists and locals the Gardens on Saturday 24 May 2003. The at the Gardens Information Desk, located in public came in droves, the volunteers were up to Administration reception on weekends.
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Walking Guide Friends The Volunteers' Information Package Conduct visitors and school groups around the A set of documents has been compiled originally Gardens and impart knowledge about the flora, from information collected from members of the fauna and cultural elements – backed up by Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Steering simple and easy training based on the Volunteers' Committee, local residents, consultants Information Package. associated with the development and reference material held within the resources of Mackay City Publicity Friends Council Parks and Recreation Program. The Gardens Friends offer their skills collecting package has been structured in sections and, information for the Newsletter and other over time, this information will be reviewed to administration work. ensure that recent changes are incorporated into the document. Friends with Dirty Hands Of course - some Friends simply like to get their The structure of the information package is based hands dirty helping to plant shrubs and trees on on individual books which are stand-alone, organised planting bees which are held monthly providing the background for much of the Gardens from March until October. history, functions, signage, the rationale for the plantings and a description of the Friends Supporting/Non-working Gardens Friends. activities. Are happy to provide moral support but rarely stay in the background for long. Workplace Health & Safety Volunteers are also required to complete a safety induction course relative to the Gardens' activities Aims and Objectives as part of their basic training which is conducted The aims and objectives of the Gardens Friends by Mackay Regional Council staff. There is also are to: an on-going requirement to maintain currency in Support the ongoing development and the safety training. day to day management of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens, in accordance Guide Books & Pamphlets with the master plan and under the direction The Gardens Friends have also produced facts of the Curator, sheets and booklets on specific items and Promote the role of the Mackay Regional historical sequences associated with the site. The Botanic Gardens and activities, Friends have achieved limited success with Raise funds for approved projects and various government grants to fund research and facilities, printing costs. Those items include a history of Promote all aspects of the Volunteer the lagoons, Program, Encourage members to apply formally for Souvenirs registration and training as a volunteer. The Gardens Friends now retail a considerable range of souvenirs for visitors to the Gardens to The benefits of being a Gardens Friend include: purchase. The profit from these sales is added to the Friends income. Becoming involved with planting bees,
Meeting locals and visitors by operating the Working Bees Information Desk, The Gardens Curator and staff choose the site Attending information talks and presentations and arrange the supply of plants for the working on the local natural environment, bees. The Gardens Friends round-up volunteers Enjoying exclusive excursions and learning and generally attracting 10 to 20 volunteers for on guided walks through the Botanic these working bees. Gardens and on trips around the Mackay Region, and, Meetings & Outings Making new like-minded friends. Each year, between three and five sessions involving guided walks and talks are undertaken Projects of the Friends by the Friends to local regions or within the The Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Friends Gardens. have identified several projects to develop facilities and amenity for visitors to the gardens. Technical Items However, like many other regional centres, the Several small technical projects are supported by base from which to draw volunteers and revenue the Friends as volunteer resources allow is quite restricted.
page 1.34 MRBG section 1.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens including: Mackay. The questionnaire was available during Development and adaption of information for July and August 2000 at Council, Libraries, and a plant database, selected motels and other sites. Establishment of separate computing resources for the Friends to assist with the Questionnaire forms were distributed and 114 various information packages and data were returned and subsequently analysed. The collection, survey was entirely voluntary and consequently Demonstration of surveying and mapping the results are indicative only. However the applications for the Gardens staff to produce analysis provides an excellent basis and some accurate spatial images of the garden beds interesting suggestions for the planning, and infrastructure such as the irrigation establishment and management of the Botanic systems. Gardens.
An exciting future for the Friends Questionnaire Analysis Like all volunteer organisations, progress is The principal results of the questionnaire analysis limited by the availability and competence of are as follows: members and funding. In time, the Friends will make substantial inroads into the challenges of Interested in assisting the development of the Botanic Gardens through ‘Friends’ membership. operating a regional botanic gardens. 30 yes
84 no
Undoubtedly a large part of the continuing success of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens Where Do You Live? is directly related to the diverse and willing 69% of respondents were from the Mackay region assistance given by the community through 13% from interstate becoming a Botanic Gardens Friend. Without this 10% from North Queensland remarkable community effort the Gardens would 8% from Brisbane not be at the stage they are. Council’s investment has been substantially augmented though the Age and Gender untiring efforts of this dedicated group of citizens AGE MALE FEMALE TOTAL PERCENT of all ages. It is obvious that these Friends intend 195 217 412 to maintain and even increase this momentum to ensure that the Gardens continue to develop. (8 did not specify age or gender)
<15 0 0 0 0% 15-24 2 6 8 4% 25-34 6 10 16 8% 35-44 10 17 27 14% 1.8.8. Community Consultation Process 45-54 12 12 24 12% 55-64 6 16 22 11% >65 36 61 97 50% As part of the 2000 Master Plan process there ______were a number of community consultation TOTALS 72 122 194 activities that have enabled the local population to display their support for and interest in the development of the Botanic Gardens for the Frequency of Visitation to a Botanic Garden Mackay region. The 1991 planning process for the 46% visited from 3 to 10 times per year Lagoons Reserve also included a comprehensive 32% visited more than 10 times per year community consultation process which resulted in 11% visited up to three times per year the initial site development. 11% never visit a Botanic Garden
A similar questionnaire process was undertaken Preference for Botanic Garden Collection Theme. as part of the 2010 Master Plan in order to obtain 72% prefer a mixed native and exotic theme comparative figures and to identify changes in 20% prefer a fully native theme community attitudes during the first 10 years of 7% prefer a fully exotic theme establishment of the Botanic Gardens.
1.8.8.1. 2000 Community Questionnaire Particular Elements of Interest in a Botanic Garden 61% demonstration gardens: theme or character, A questionnaire was prepared for distribution techniques, waterwise, organic, etc throughout the community to ascertain the views 58% natural bushland interpreted walks of a cross section of the residents and visitors to
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55% plants for particular uses: screening, scent, 11% would pay $5 colour, shade, season, etc 0% would pay $10 55% conservation of rare and threatened species 55% plants of specific habitats: rainforest, coastal, Other comments included: wetlands etc gold coin donation (2 respondents) 51% plants with endemic value: food, medicine, pay to enter certain parts or events only (6 flowers, building etc respondents) 48% plants for specific conditions: wet, dry, rocky, sand, etc 44% controlled environments: glasshouse, ANALYSIS OF PEOPLE ON HOLIDAY shadehouse, vine arbours, etc Visiting a Botanic Garden When on Holiday 46% would possibly visit Suggestions for Other Items of Interest (by 4%) 43% would always visit including: 7% would never visit Native food gardens Aboriginal use of plants Particular Elements to Encourage Holiday Visitation Local native plant display / education / sales 84% relax and enjoy surroundings Education on weed species / education / 38% for specific entertainment management 35% for a restaurant meal Trees to attract birds 25% as part of a tour package 7% to obtain information on local plant material 6% suggested other activities including: Particular Activities Included in a Botanic Garden - children’s play area 78% walking trails: tracks, boardwalks, self-guided - family picnic area walks, etc - reading area 78% picnic facilities 74% want passive, quiet, relaxing, activities 72% restaurant and kiosk facilities 66% bicycle access through the Gardens SPECIFIC COMMENTS 60% visitor centre for information, education, bookshop Additional comments and suggestions were made by 52% botanical and horticultural research 19 respondents, primarily positive, others negative and programmes many innovative. The main topics of the comments 52% art and craft elements and activities were; 50% special events and ceremonies; fairs, weddings, parties, etc Source of pride for Mackay (4 respondents) 49% informal play facilities Important to start as soon as possible (4 34% facilities for meetings for horticultural and respondents) environmental groups Important to have adequate car parking (3 33% demonstration of sustainable and energy respondents) efficient development Walking tracks good (3 respondents) 13% private vehicle access through the gardens Vine arbour particularly good (2 respondents) 11% suggested incorporation of other activities Should be a facility for water recreation (canoe, including: paddle boats) - water purification (2 respondents) - star gazing Doubts about a weir (1 respondent) - nearby accommodation Encourage school’s involvement (1 respondent) - gift shop / plant shop / education centre Emphasis on local native vegetation (1 respondent) - similar to Cascade Gardens on Gold Coast Retain existing trees for economic reasons (1 - attractions such as “Fairy Tree”, miniature town, respondent) model railway Excellent site (1 respondent) - children’s garden Whole plan excellent (1 respondent) - Japanese Garden using Australian natives - vehicle access for disabled only - grassy area 1.8.8.2. 2000 Questionnaire Summary - facility for wedding ceremonies - work experience as part of horticultural studies The analysis of the questionnaire suggests that - water features and ponds - good lighting the following principal factors should be specifically considered in the planning, development and management of the Mackay Pay To Use a Botanic Garden Regional Botanic Gardens. 45% would not wish to pay 18% would pay $2 18% would pay $1
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These factors should be considered in light of the access, but a strong preference for adequate following; parking nearby; Demonstrate optimum site planning and Almost 70% of respondents were local environment relationships which utilises, residents; therefore the questionnaire analysis preserves and interprets the endemic and basically reflects the views of the local regional character; emphasizing the use of community. water; providing optimum vehicle / pedestrian The survey is biased toward the views of those segregated access; over 45 years of age who represent over two Plant collection themes to emphasize the thirds of respondents. species of and for the Mackay region; The survey is probably biased toward the - economic plant research; views of the ‘gardening’ community, as the - specific demonstration gardens; and questionnaire was voluntary and more likely to - aspects of regional heritage. be completed by persons interested in the The 2000 Master Plan for the Botanic Gardens project. was well received. It is a positive sign that Never the less the analysis provides a suitable there appears to be an impatience for the basis for site planning as the results are project to proceed. comparable to the national ABS figures for Botanic Gardens attendance. Related Comment in 2010 Basically all of these identified items have been Principal facts: incorporated into the planning, design, A significant 78% of respondents would visit a development and management of stages one and Botanic Garden up to three times each year; two of the Botanic Gardens. Since that time, almost half would not be willing to pay to enter; public participation in the project is increasingly a third would pay one or two dollars; significant and the Gardens have become Almost three quarters of respondents would established as the principal passive recreation prefer a mixed native and exotic theme; venue for Mackay. Three quarters of respondents want the Botanic Gardens to be a quiet, passive, relaxing facility; to provide walking tracks, picnic facilities, with restaurant or kiosk facilities.
Over half of the respondents would like to see: - demonstration gardens exhibiting horticultural and landscape innovation; - plants for specific conditions; - specialised horticultural techniques and technology; - energy efficient initiatives; - conservation of rare and threatened species;
Approximately one half of respondents want to incorporate: - specialised glasshouse displays; - provision of readily available information through a Visitors Centre; - integrated art and sculpture; - entertainment and cultural activities;
Approximately one half of respondents see major events and ceremonies as an important component of these Botanic Gardens; Approximately one half of respondents would visit a Botanic Garden while on holiday primarily because of the relaxing, informative and educational environment available; There is a strong preference for bicycle access through the Gardens, little support for vehicle
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1.8.8.3. 2010 Community Questionnaire How did you get to MRBG? A questionnaire was prepared by Council for 67% by car distribution throughout the community to ascertain 26% walked the views of a cross section of local residents and 4% by bike visitors to Mackay. The questionnaire was 3% by bus available from November 2009 through the How did you hear about MRBG? Council website with hard copies distributed at 73% local resident Council, Libraries, the Botanic Gardens and 8% word of mouth selected motels and other sites. 6% other 5% Council publication ‘In Focus’ As at February 28, 2010 questionnaire responses 4% brochure were received from 188 people and were 1% Mackay Tourist Information Centre subsequently analysed. The survey was entirely 1% Motel room advertising voluntary and consequently the results are 1% Radio / TV indicative only. However the analysis provides an 1% Newspaper / Magazine excellent basis and some interesting suggestions 1% highway billboard for the ongoing planning, establishment and management of the Botanic Gardens. Why did you visit MRBG? 21% walk / exercise Questionnaire Analysis 16% view plants The principal results of the questionnaire analysis 12% Lagoons Cafe are as follows: 10% view wildlife 7% attend a special event
7% family outings Where do you Live? 6% playground 88% from the Mackay region 5% show, visiting family & friends 12% visitors to Mackay 4% school visit / education % from interstate 4% art exhibition 3% relax / read Age and Gender 3% picnic AGE MALE FEMALE TOTAL PERCENT 2% other <15 0 0 0 0% 15-24 3 7 10 5% Did you know MRBG has a Friends group? 25-34 4 20 24 13% 78% yes 35-44 18 33 51 27% 22% no 45-54 13 38 51 27% 55-64 11 21 32 17% Has Lagoon St upgrade affected your MRBG use? >65 10 10 20 11% 69% not affected ______ 18% slightly affected TOTALS 59 129 188 13% highly affected 31% 69% This is due to 30% unable to access parking How often do you visit MRBG? 27% difficulty crossing Lagoon Street 34% visited monthly 23% Nebo Rd traffic lights – no arrow 28% visited once or twice per year 20% noise from traffic 24% visited weekly 0% other 8% visited first time 8% visited daily What would you like to see more of at MRBG? 0% never visited a Botanic Garden 23% seating & tables 15% garden signage & information signs Who did you visit MRBG with? 15% labels on plants 24% with friends 14% new gardens 24% with family 13% events 17% with partner / spouse 11% exhibitions 16% alone 9% guided walks 11% with pet 0% other 8% other Are you interested in receiving email of events/newsletters? Did the group include children? 51% yes 57% no children 49% no 26% 5 – 15 years of age 17% under 5 years of age
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Have you visited Botanic Gardens elsewhere? Fruit trees for people and wildlife (2) 71% yes Bush tucker gardens (2) 16% no Sensory Garden for disabled Queensland Topiary garden 62 Brisbane, Mt Coot-tha Riparian vegetation to Lagoon edges 37 Rockhampton 14 Cairns Site Management Issues 12 Townsville, Lagoons should be the focus of the Gardens 8 Gladstone, Sludge under the railway bridge – safety & 5 Toowoomba visual problem 3 Emerald Lagoon street safety issues & traffic noise (3) Interstate Fence Lagoon Street – safety issues (6) 26 Melbourne Manage drunken groups in gardens (night) 21 Sydney Mange vandalism appropriately 8 Perth Appreciate that ‘dogs on leash’ are allowed 6 Hobart Keep dogs under control; manage stray dogs 5 Adelaide appropriately 3 Canberra, Ballarat Source additional funding for development 2 Darwin, Alice Springs, Launceston 1 Geelong, Wollongong Site Operations & Maintenance Issues International Provide more staff to maintain optimum 5 Christchurch maintenance (4) 4 Wellington Clean lagoons of aquatic weeds (3) 4 London (Kew) Organic weed control – practice and interpret 2 Edinburgh More staff to improve maintenance 1 Dundee, Inverwe, Paris, Wear and tear is becoming obvious 1 Butchart, 1 Hong Kong, Reduce lawn areas to be mowed
Suggestions and Observations Community Services & Facilities Many respondents added comments with valuable Cafe open longer hours and 7 days (6) observations and suggestions; the principal Cafe to offer inexpensive ‘family foods’ (3) comments have been amalgamated and More community activities and events (2) categorised as follows. (The number in brackets Regular musical events to relax and enjoy (2) indicates multiple similar comments): Family orientated events Amphitheatre for community events on the Positive Statements opposite bank Treasure the passionate staff No Amphitheatre as parking inadequate Inspiring staff and volunteers Amphitheatre will cause garden trampling Great children’s activities by Maya Harrison More play equipment and kids activities (2) (3) Expand the Visitor Centre Maintained beautifully, love the Gardens (4) Children’s touch area for seeds, leaves, Maturing rapidly and well flowers etc Locals do not realise how beautiful the Plant sales of local species Gardens are Can’t wait for the future development Promotion and Marketing More local publicity about Gardens & events Gardens & Plant Collection Remind the community that the Gardens are More signage and plant labelling (3) free Increase diversity of gardens Specific information brochures Representative residential gardens More shade trees and shade structures (5) Access & Circulation Transplant mature shade trees to BG Insufficient off-road parking (6) Dangerous access to Visitor Centre carpark Butterfly gardens and/or enclosure Better bikeway routes & facilities (3) Frangipani collection Round the lake walkway Rose Garden Exercise stations Greenhouses More cross Lagoon walkways Special island gardens in Lagoons
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.39 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Infrastructure A place for education and relaxation More drinking fountains throughout (4) Enjoyment, study, education and conservation Seats and tables generally (11) Quiet passive open space area Seating outside the playground Appreciate the beauty of nature Shelters (5) Opportunity for social activities More toilets (2) Beautiful place for picnic and exercise BBQ facilities (5) Combined cultural and environmental Better night time lighting & longer hours (5) experience Solar lighting throughout = sustainability Restore the windmill for recycling water Theme Bins near Doggie Poop dispensers Showcase collection of living plants More car parking Beautiful plants, architecture and design Bike tracks Sustainability of the local ecosystems Feature and theme gardens Future Development Ideas An oasis, a place for heritage & memories Enlarge the BG across the Lagoons Do not expand existing BG manage within climate change impact 1.8.8.4. 2010 Questionnaire Analysis Separate or enlarged Gallery & Exhibition Summary Centre Many of these responses and comments were Kids & adults spray park for hot days similarly identified by the community consultation Increase wildlife viewing opportunities process in 2000 and have since been Consider a zoo or similar attraction incorporated into the planning, design, ‘Breakfast with the Birds’ enclosure development and management of stages one and Promote Platypus viewing in lagoons two of the Botanic Gardens. The responses from Murals on the water tanks (2) the recent community consultation process Self compositing toilets indicate that public support and participation in the Lagoon row boats for hire (2) project is increasingly significant and the Mackay More art / sculpture in the Gardens Regional Botanic Gardens continue to provide an Classes for exercise, art & phoitography important scientific, cultural and social venue for Mackay.
What is a Botanic Garden? The planning, design and development process Respondents were asked to describe what they for stage three will continue to apply these understand or expect to be offered by a Botanic observations and comments. The most pertinent Garden. It is important to note that most are as follows: comments are already considered and offered by the Botanic Gardens. The comments have been Generally amalgamated and categorised as follows. Almost 90% of respondents were local residents; therefore the questionnaire analysis Plant Collection basically reflects the views of the local Collection of CQC bioregional species community. Focus on knowledge & conservation of plants The survey is biased toward the views of those Plants suitable for the region 35 - 54 years of age who represent over 50% Preservation of endangered species of respondents. Flora from different world regions One third of respondents visit monthly; Plants for scientific, education and ornamental Most hear of the Gardens from local friends as purposes opposed to media of any type; Plant experimentation and research More than two thirds of respondents have Interaction of plants and wildlife visited other Botanic Gardens, principally Scientific plant collection in a beautiful setting Brisbane and Rockhampton and well as most High botanical and horticultural standards other capital city gardens; a small number Well maintained plant collection have visited international gardens; this provides a good basis for comparative Community Value comments; Protecting environment for future generations Living botanical plant library Access Most respondents 67% go to the Gardens by Plants for local gardens and public landscape car generally with family and friends; off street Information on plant pests and disease parking is considered insufficient;
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The upgrade of Lagoon Street has not had a Expand the Visitor Centre to facilitate major negative effect (69%) except that many specialised education for all age groups; visitors identify that perimeter fencing is Promote the Gardens more widely to the necessary for safety reasons; community as a free venue; One third have difficulty in turning from Lagoon Street into the Cremorne Visitor Centre Future Developments carpark due to increased traffic and lack of Enlarge the Botanic Gardens across the turning lanes; similarly the pedestrian crossing Lagoons; alternatively do not enlarge the is more difficult and hazardous; Gardens due to the impact of climate change; Provide separate Gallery and Exhibition Circulation & Comfort Centre; Walking and exercise (21%) is the primary Consider wildlife enclosures (zoo) and viewing attraction followed by viewing plants (16%) and as an attraction; viewing platypus in the the cafe (12%); Lagoons; birds; Additional information, interpretation and plant Murals on the Mackay Water Treatment Plant identification signage is desirable; to visually integrate tanks into Gardens; The Cafe to be open longer hours over 7 days Row boats for hire on the Lagoons; with some inexpensive ‘family’ menu items; Provision of additional shade trees and shelters is seen as important; 1.8.9. Visitor Book Comments One quarter of people want additional seating and tables as well as picnic and BBQ facilities Since opening day, many visitors to the Botanic and toilets in appropriate locations; Gardens have signed the Visitors Book and Provide more drinking fountains throughout the recorded comments and observations. The vast site and / or a water vending machine at the majority have been positive but there are some Visitor Centre; negative and constructive comments as well. Provide a ‘round the lagoons walkway’ circuit with additional cross lagoon access; exercise The Visitors Books from June 2004 to June 2009 stations could be supplied to augment the were broadly analysed to identify any specific 10,000 steps trail; patterns or comments that might influence Increase lighting throughout to encourage ongoing planning, design and management. As evening use; consider solar powered lights; expected there was considerable repetition and Rationalise and enhance the bikeway routes each of the following comments are and facilities; representative of the varied statements. The following have specific relevance: Management There are a number of very positive comments Positive about staff and quality which emphasize the Wonderful design, creative, lovely setting important community role of the Gardens; Well planned, interesting design Respondents have observed that increased Credit to Mackay – well done! site staff numbers will ensure optimum garden Very beautiful, lovely maintenance with consequent improved Tranquil, relaxing, restful, peaceful aesthetics; Very impressive, special gardens, The Lagoons to be managed as the focus of Staff very friendly & helpful the Gardens with optimum water quality and Good example for other Councils to follow continuing weed control; One of the most beautiful Botanic Gardens in Vandalism and antisocial activities is Australia (from France) suggested to be a minor but increasing
problem that affect the visitor experience and Negative / Constructive needs addressing; additional lighting and fencing may rectify; More signage to help find way through gardens A range of additional theme gardens and plant No consultation by Council for use of Gardens communities is suggested, some of which are by patrons in planning and others are not appropriate; No loop access for bike riders Bitterly disappointed Community Events No flowing water Increase the community events on site with No maintenance specific emphasis on music and family interest; Provision of an outdoor entertainment amphitheatre is supported provided adequate parking is available;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.41 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
ACTION SUMMARY: Section 1 – GENERAL ISSUES The following items extracted from this section of the 2010 Master Plan report define the principal priorities and actions recommended to ensure the continuing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens.
MP Ref: The numeric reference to the various clauses and sections in the 2010 Master Plan Priority: 1 – immediate; 2 – short term; 3 – long term Responsibility: MRC Mackay Regional Council; MRBG Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens HRG Horticultural Reference Group Friends MRBG Friends & Volunteers Herbarium MRBG Herbarium Stage 1&2 consolidation works for stages 1 & 2 Stage 3 planning and design for stage 3, Meadowlands
MP ref Item Précis Action Priority Responsibility
Continuing research and analysis of MRBG the RE to inform the detail planning 1.1.3.3 Regional Ecosystems 1 HRG and design for MRBG and Stage 3 Meadowlands particularly Ensure study currently in progress Mackay Region Recreation, Sport 1.1.3.5 includes the MRBG as an integral and 1 MRC and Open Space Plan significant component Ensure that the circulation network MRC 1.3.6 Blue Water Trail planned for MRBG is appropriately 2 Stage 3 linked with the Trail Ensure that ongoing planning and MRC 1.1.3.7 Landscape character for Mackay design incorporates urban landscape 2 MRBG and street tree research Ensure that MRBG is utilised for specific research and demonstration to 1.1.3.8 Reef Guardian Council 1, 2, 3 MRC engage and inform the community in the many related opportunities. Develop relationships with other BG in Regional Relationships with other 1.2.2.1 the region and elsewhere for mutual 1, 2, 3 MRBG BG benefit Influence and relationships with MRBG to research and demonstrate 1.2.2.2-3 other Parks and Gardens in the and promote the amenity horticultural 1, 2, 3 MRBG Mackay Region value of the regional flora Ensure that the MRBG site is suitably designated and protected as 1.2.4 Ownership, Tenure & Zoning a botanic garden - for all time - under 1 MRC the relevant Council planning documents Continue the positive association of Botanic Gardens Australia & New 1.2.8 MRBG with BGANZ-Q to ensure 1, 2, 3 MRBG Zealand - Queensland optimum nationwide recognition Ensure continuing identification of programmes of support and MRC 1.3 Government Context 1, 2, 3 sponsorship available through Federal, MRBG State and Local Government Council to endorse and adopt the 2010 Master Plan accompanied by a specific long term commitment to MRC 1.4 Mackay Regional Council 1 the ongoing management, Stages 1, 2 & 3 maintenance and development of MRBG Continue to appoint management and staff with specific botanic & horticultural Botanic Gardens Management expertise to contribute to the optimum MRC 1.4.3 1, 2,3 and Staff development and maintenance of Stages 1, 2 & 3 MRBG
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Continue to engage the relevant community botanic & horticultural MRBG 1.4.4.2 Horticultural Reference Group 1, 2, 3 expertise to contribute to the optimum HRG planning and development of MRBG Continue to develop the collection of dried bioregional specimens to MRBG 1.4.4.3 Herbarium development 1, 2 3 maximise the scientific value of the Herbarium MRBG Enhance the existing relationship Mackay Tourism – promotion to between MRBG and Mackay Tourism MRC 1.4.8 appeal to and attract the wider 1, 2, 3 and develop specific promotional MRBG community to MRBG programmes for mutual benefit Meadowlands provides the opportunity to develop an integrated events facility Mackay Events – staging events incorporating facilities for meetings, MRC 1.4.9 to appeal to and attract the wider 2, 3 restaurant, amphitheatre, market area MRBG community to MRBG and other appropriate community functions Continue to identify opportunities for association and involvement with all 1.5 Academic Context 1, 2, 3 MRBG levels of the education sector for mutual benefit Investigate the possibility of establishing a College of MRC 1.5.2.1 College of Horticulture Horticulture as an integral 1 MRBG component of the Meadowlands Satge 3 Centre Continue to develop education programmes tailored to all age groups Education opportunities through 1.5.3 and interests with specific reference to MRBG MRBG interpreting the values of the natural environment, botany and horticulture. Continue to identify opportunities for association and involvement in MRC 1.6 & 1.7 Corporate & Institutional Context 1, 2 ,3 research and sponsorship with the MRBG corporate sector for mutual benefit Continue to develop and expand the diverse relationships with the community through botany, horticulture, MRBG 1.8 Community Context 1, 2, 3 education, information, interpretation Friends lifestyle issues, social activities and cultural opportunities Continue to foster this invaluable contribution available through the in- Society for Growing Australian MRBG SGAP 1.8.6.1 depth knowledge of the plants and 1, 2, 3 Plants – Mackay Branch Friends regional ecosystems of the CQC bioregion Observe the recommendations of Bird Bird Observation & Conservation Observation Group relative to habitat MRBG 1.8.6.2 2, 3 Group - Mackay enhancement and promoting MRBG as Friends an ecotourism venue Encourage participation by the local indigenous community to establish and Central Queensland Aboriginal 1.8.6.4 interpret representative cultural gardens 2, 3 MRBG Peoples and associated elements
Encourage appropriate development and expansion of the existing cultural 1.8.6.5 Australian South Sea Islanders facilities as an integral element of 2, 3 MRBG MRBG
Encourage continuing participation by the TSI community to establish and 1.8.6.6 Torres Strait Islanders interpret representative cultural gardens 2, 3 MRBG and associated elements
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 1.43 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Encourage participation by the local Maltese community to establish and 1.8.6.7 Maltese Community interpret representative cultural gardens 2, 3 MRBG and associated elements
Encourage continuing relationships with the Historical Society to ensure 1.8.6.8 Mackay Historical Society 2, 3 MRBG establishment and optimum interpretation of the cultural heritage Encourage the invaluable continuing support provided by the Friends and MRBG 1.8.7 Friends of MRBG 1, 2, 3 Volunteers in the progressive Friends establishment of MRBG Consider and appropriately apply the results of the Community questionnaire 1.8.8 Community Consultation 1, 2, 3 MRBG process in the ongoing planning and management of MRBG
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Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
2.2 LAND USE AND Diagram A above basically defines the site area containing the Australian South Sea Islander INFRASTRUCTURE Meeting House and carpark; this is an important consideration in the expansion of the ASSI Centre 2.1. Location and Site Description within the botanic gardens site.
Council selected the Lagoons Reserve in West 2.1.1. Land Acquisition and Site Mackay in 1990 as the preferred site for the Rationalisation development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens but not endorsed until 1999. At the time The 2000 master plan recommended that the core the site was partially developed parkland and Botanic Gardens site should include several water reserve flanking large permanent lagoons adjoining land parcels to allow for future formed on an old anabranch of the Pioneer River. expansion and to provide environmental protection for the western side of the Lagoons. Since then all of these recommendations have been suitably implemented.
CROWN 2.1.1.1. Flor’s Cane field
A significant land parcel of 15.1 hectare bounded by Alexandra Street, Crowleys Road and the Lagoons Reserve and a smaller area of 2.61 hectare across Lansdowne Road was used for sugar cane production by the Flor family, under a Lands Department Lease which expired on February 1, 2006. The site is described as:
Lot 216 on C 13284 15.10 ha CROWN Lot 380 on SP 163479 2.61 ha
The original site (increased later by adjoining lands) is bounded by the Bruce Highway (Nebo Road), Lagoon Street, Lansdowne Road and the Lagoons. It is situated approximately 3km south of Mackay city centre.
The original site, initially several adjoining parcels, CROWN was amalgamated to one title now described as:
Lot 1 SP 170019
The Queensland Rail corridor of 1.855 hectares traverses across dividing the site into 2 sections: MRCMRC
Eastern Section about 28.70 ha
(bounded by the Lagoons, Lansdowne Road, Lagoon Street & Nebo Road; including the water area of the lagoons)
Southern Section about 4.75 ha (bounded by the Lagoons, Nebo Road, Western area now referred to as Meadowlands Ram Chandra Drive, & Alexandra Street) ______The 2000 master plan recommended that the INITIAL AREA about 33.45 ha Botanic Gardens site should include this land parcel. The land was acquired by Council in 2006
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.1 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens and is now designated as the ‘Meadowlands’ section of the Botanic Gardens. 2.1.1.4. Overall Site Area
The overall area of the site is calculated as 2.1.1.2. State Nursery, State Laboratory & follows: Sugar Experiment Station Eastern Section 28.70 ha The land parcel along the southern side of (bounded by the Lagoons, Lansdowne Crowley’s Road was initially set aside in 1889 for Road, Lagoon Street, Nebo Road and the establishment of the first State Nursery (also Alexandra Street; including the water area referred to as the Acclimatisation Gardens). A of the lagoons) wide variety of tropical plants was trialled for suitability for commercial production but it became Southern Section 4.75 ha apparent that there was no widespread economic (bounded by the Lagoons, Nebo Road, alternative to sugarcane. Ram Chandra Drive, & Alexandra Street; includes the South Sea Islander Precinct)
During the 1890’s the Nursery was encouraged to Western Section 15.10 ha concentrate on the scientific analysis of cane and (bounded by the Lagoons, Crowleys soils resulting in the establishment of a Road, Alexandra Street & Lansdowne Government Laboratory in 1898 and the Road) subsequent disbandment of the Nursery. The Mackay Sugar Experiment Station, later the Northern Section 2.61 ha Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, was (bounded by the Lagoons, Lansdowne opened in 1899 operating at the Lagoons until Road & private property) 1935 when it moved to new premises at Te ______Kowai. EXTENDED SITE AREA 51.16 ha
The 2000 master plan recommended that due to its heritage value and optimum location, this parcel should be incorporated into the overall Botanic Gardenssite. The land was acquired by 2.2. Town Planning, Land Use and Council in 2004 and is now used as the Maintenance, Operations and Nursery area of the Tenure Botanic Gardens. The planning scheme forms the framework for the This parcel has been amalgamated into Lot 1 SP region's growth and development and has been 170019. designed to meet all of the requirements of the Integrated Planning Act (1997).
2.1.1.3. Mackay Water & Waste Water Services The Consolidated Planning Scheme incorporating Amendments 1, 2 and 3 of 2007 with the Mackay The western section of the water reserve across City Planning Scheme as gazetted on 24 March the Lagoons on Lot 1 SP 170019 contains 2006 is prepared and effective from 24 April 2009. settlement ponds, a bore field and pump house which are currently important components of the The Mackay City Planning Scheme came into water treatment plant and process. effect on 24 March 2006. It applies to the Mackay City Town Planning Scheme Area (the former Mackay Water have indicated that once current Mackay City Council area). upgrading of the plant is complete (expected 2010) the settlement ponds may not be necessary and could be available for Botanic Gardens use. 2.2.1. Corporate Plan However the bore field and Pump House will continue to be used as an emergency backup up There are specific objectives within the 2009 facility. Corporate Plan, which relate to and refer positively to the development of the Botanic Refer to the subsequent section on water supply - Gardens. The relevant items have been clauses 2.5.1 - for specific detail of the related specifically referred to in clause 1.4 of this report. constraints and opportunities for use of this section of the site.
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2.2.2. Strategic Framework 2.2.3. Zoning Provisions
Subject Site Subject Site The Botanic Gardens provides both an open The site is included within the Open Space zone space corridor and a major area of public parkland within the IPA Planning Scheme for the City of along a significant local waterway extending south Mackay. from the Pioneer River. Land within the Railway Reserve is included in the The subject site is in close proximity to major road Public Purposes Zone. and rail infrastructure highlighting the ease of accessibility of this proposed major area of public The site is located with the Mackay Frame parkland. Planning Locality and the Pioneer River (Urban) Planning Precinct. The subject site is also in close proximity to a number of educational institutions and other community facilities. 2.2.4. Tenure and Designation as a Botanic Garden The Strategic Framework of the Planning Scheme recognises the importance of the Botanic To formally register the site as a Botanic Garden it Gardens, as reflected in a number of elements in is necessary to organise and demonstrate this section: appropriate means of permanent protection for the site as a Botanic Garden. Formal recognition of Open Space and Conservation Areas the Botanic Garden is established in the following A City-wide network of open space using linked documents: systems has been established, including the coast, viable communities of remnant vegetation, Planning Scheme riverine areas and the natural drainage system. Corporate Plan The linkages provide for habitat and corridor functions, as well as recreation linkgages to urban The growing significance of and national areas. Linkages to places of cultural heritage recognition for the excellence of the developing value are established where possible and Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens indicates that integrated into the overall network as part of the it is imperative that the entire site be suitably development process. protected to avoid any inappropriate decisions by
future administrations which might compromise Open space and conservation areas are intended this unique community resource. for the protection and conservation of biodiversity as well as for community and public purposes.
Major Community Facilities 2.2.5. Native Title Community facilities including the Botanic Gardens are protected from the effects of A Native Title Claim exists over the subject site. encroaching, incompatible activities such as high Resolution of relevant Native Title issues with impact industries. Further development and multi respect to those parcels of land where it is use of the major recreational facilities is required to change the existing tenure or reserve encouraged as a means of enhancing community purpose would be required. life. The details of the claim are: Access to major community facilities is maintained and enhanced to optimise their value to the Claim No: QC 98/011 community. Connection with the transport Claim name: Wiri / Uwiburra infrastructure network is convenient and safe, and Federal Court No: QG6251/98 is not prejudiced by the siting of inappropriate activities nearby. During the initial planning and development phase Council forwarded relevant information concerning the proposed development to the three claimant groups but received no response; implementation of the Botanic Gardens therefore proceeded.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.3 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
2.3. Roads and Transport 2009 Road upgrade Lagoon Street has recently been upgraded to 2.3.1. Primary Road Network service the new bridge across the Pioneer River (opened to traffic in May 2009). The pavement Refer to figure 4.01 now provides basically one lane each way, a bikeway and with appropriate additional lanes at Nebo Road intersections. Street lighting has been installed The site is located on Nebo Road which forms along the length. Traffic density and related noise part of Highway One – the Bruce Highway, along has increased with traffic counts (May 2009) the southern approaches to Mackay. This road is reaching 10,000 vehicles per day. a divided multilane road; carrying heavy traffic loads and is under the control of the Main Roads Parking Department. Kerb side parking is provided along much of the length of Lagoon Street on both sides. Additional Nebo Road forms the south-eastern boundary of parking is planned for the development of the site and as the road is traversed south to Meadowlands. Overall approx total - 740 spaces. north, expansive views of the site are available from the high level railway overpass. Parking provision Lagoon Street Lagoon Street – both sides 165 spaces Lagoon Street Cremorne Visitor Centre carpark 26 spaces Lagoon Street fronts the north-eastern boundary Tamarind carpark 48 spaces of the site. This street is a sealed dual direction TOTAL 239 spaces roadway that is part of a designated bypass route for the city. Planning is currently underway for a Parking provision Meadowlands major bypass to the city by about 2018 and on Alexandra Street - both sides 80 spaces completion Lagoon Street may revert from Main Alexandra Street - on-site 200 spaces Roads to Council responsibility. By then the City Crowleys Road - both sides 70 spaces Gates intersection will have reached capacity and Crowleys Road - on-site 150 spaces a significant component of the traffic on Nebo TOTAL 500 spaces Road / Bruce Highway will traverse the bypass. It is important to plan for the provision of appropriate Pedestrian crossings Botanic Gardens direction signage along this new Pedestrian refuge crossings have been installed roadway. at several strategic locations. Lansdowne Road (parallel to Lagoon Street) Road corridor resolution Mackenzie / Holland Streets (midway) Specimens of the initial early tree planting and Holland Street (just south of intersection) sections of the bikeway extended across the park Paul Hopkins Street (north side) site boundary taking advantage of the wide road Nebo Road & Lagoon Street corridor of Lagoon Street. At the time it was anticipated that the then existing road would not Safety & security be upgraded and the 2000 master plan for the It is recommended that for safety reasons, fencing development of the Botanic Gardens should take and related gates be installed along Lagoon advantage of the available road corridor. It was Street at each of the new crossings to discourage intended to adjust the site boundary to cross road access to the Gardens except at accommodate the functions of the road as well as designed locations. The perimeter fencing is the Botanic Gardens. Now that Lagoon Street has necessary to ensure the safety of children using been upgraded and Botanic Gardens the Gardens by inhibiting indiscriminate access on development is continuing it is important that the to the road reserve. Fencing will also improve the resolution of the site boundary be immediately security of the plant collection. finalised to provide security for the continuing development and management of the site Access from Nebo Road sections affected. Lagoon Street is accessed from Nebo Road by a traffic light controlled intersection. However The Botanic Gardens elements contained on the turning movements at this intersection for vehicles road corridor include: wishing to access the Botanic Gardens from the Cremorne Bus Bay north along Nebo Road or turning south into Nebo Road experience substantial delay, indicating that Regional Showcase Gardens (under development) the traffic control sequencing needs to be Tamarind Carpark (future reconstruction) assessed and modified. ‘Our Backyard’ section of ‘Under the Banyan’
Playground (future development)
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Bus bay & deliveries Crowleys Road The bus bay adjacent to the Cremorne Visitor Crowleys Road runs off Alexandra Street and Centre is used for charter bus and not the city bus currently provides access from the west to the network. Delivery vehicles for the Gardens Kiosk Gardens operations, maintenance and nursery use the Visitor Centre carpark but large vehicles facility, the pump house and bore field on the west and the occasional car and caravan have difficulty bank of the Lagoon. It will also provide vehicle manoeuvring. It is recommended that the bus bay access and parking (approx 200 car spaces) for be redesignated as a loading zone so that all the the Meadowlands Centre and Meadowlands above uses can legally be accommodated. Events facilities. Crowleys Road will be maintained and upgraded during development of Lansdowne Road the Botanic Gardens, however access control Lansdowne Road defines the downstream gates will be required to limit or prohibit access by northern extent of the Botanic Gardens. The road private vehicles. This important function will dips through the low area of the site and is become increasingly relevant with the progressive impassable in times of flood flows. This street development of the Meadowlands sections of the already carries reasonably heavy traffic and due Botanic Gardens. to its formation would not be suitable for direct access to the site without specific approval and Ram Chandra Place related construction. It provides vehicular Access to the southern sections of the Botanic connection from Lagoon Street to Alexandra Gardens is via this street. It provides access to Street and beyond to future residential areas. This the driveway and carpark for the Australian South road will become a major access route to the Sea Islander Centre as well as the Mackay Tourist Gardens as Meadowlands is developed. Information Centre. Proposals to expand the South Sea Islander Precinct will have a major Future upgrade impact on vehicle movement and the intersection It is possible that in the future Lansdowne Road with Nebo Road which already exhibits capacity will be widened by Main Roads to a 7 metre wide problems. carriageway as a link to the Peak Downs Highway. This will most likely include a roundabout at the Lansdowne / Alexandra Street 2.3.2. Primary Site Access intersection. No specific advice or planning has been undertaken on this proposal to date. Refer to figure 4.01
Nebo Road (Bruce Highway) Alexandra Street Nebo Road, the Bruce Highway (Highway One) Alexandra Street and its undeveloped southern along the southern boundary of the site is a reserve across the rail corridor, borders the limited access highway with two controlled western boundary of the site. This road provides intersections providing indirect access to the access to adjacent large lot residential properties Botanic Garden. No direct access is permitted by and to Crowleys Road. Currently Alexandra Street DMR from Nebo Road into the Botanic Gardens is basically a one lane sealed surface constrained site. by several water supply bore installations immediately adjacent. This roadway is likely to be Access is only available via the following; upgraded as part of the future subdivision of land Nebo Road / Ram Chandra Place Intersection to the west of the site. Nebo Road / Lagoon Street Intersection
Access and parking Nebo Road / Ram Chandra Place Intersection Alexandra Street will provide vehicle access to The location of the Tourist Information Centre and Meadowlands and the west side of the lagoon. Australian South Sea Islander Village at the Meadowlands is seen as the core area of the southern end of the site provides another vehicle Botanic Gardens with a specialised community entry point to the Gardens. This access via the based facility, the Meadowlands Centre, as the controlled intersection at Nebo Road / Ram central element with extensive associated parking Chandra Place is the likely initial access for areas (approx 300 car spaces) planned adjacent. tourists travelling north along the Bruce Highway. Parking along Alexandra Street will basically Although most will be redirected to the Cremorne service the whole of the Botanic Gardens - since Visitor Centre on Lagoon Street and continue on appropriate additional parking can never be along Nebo Road to the carpark. provided along Lagoon Street.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.5 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Nebo Road / Lagoon Street Intersection and access, Alexandra Street will become the Motorists are directed by signage north and south primary vehicle access route for visitors to the along Nebo Road to turn into Lagoon Street at this Gardens. This will require the provision of cross intersection. This is currently the primary access lagoon circulation for both pedestrians and point to the Gardens via the Cremorne Visitor maintenance vehicles to ensure adequate Centre parking area off Lagoon Street. linkages between the various existing and proposed site sections. This circulation has This intersection is expected to continue to be the already been envisaged by the 2000 master plan. principal entry/exit from the Gardens by residents of Mackay approaching from the central business Emergency Vehicle Access district, the eastern and southern suburbs as well The site configuration and associated limited as the north. perimeter access opportunities demands that there be several access routes for emergency Cremorne Visitor Centre - carpark access vehicles – fire, ambulance, disaster. The upgrade of Lagoon Street providing access to the new bridge across the Pioneer River may These routes will access the site from the encourage residents from the northern suburbs to following locations: use this route in preference to Nebo Road. Ram Chandra Place Consequently provision and control of right turns Lagoon Street Visitor Centre carpark & Palm by vehicles approaching from the north along Walk Lagoon Street into the Visitor Centre carpark may Lagoon Street Tamarind carpark need to be assessed. Consideration should also Lansdowne Road be given to the provision of appropriate slip lanes Alexandra Street to improve safe access from both directions to the Crowleys Road Visitor Centre carpark. This proposal would need to be addressed with DMR however it is understood that turning traffic volumes would 2.3.3. Internal Access have to significantly increase to justify this proposal Internal access is required within the Botanic
Gardens site to facilitate servicing, maintenance Lagoon / Lansdowne / Hume Intersection and emergency vehicle needs; With the progressive development of
Meadowlands, the Meadowlands Centre and the Emergency vehicles will require access to extensive associated car parking, it is expected specific areas of the Gardens along suitable that the roundabout on Lagoon / Lansdowne / strength and width routes; these routes will be Hume Streets will ultimately become the principal multi-purpose for heavy construction vehicles. vehicle access route to the Botanic Gardens, particularly for local residents. Consequently Heavy vehicular access to the maintenance these roads and intersections will need to be compound will be necessary for delivery of appropriately planned and developed. materials and as well along certain primary circulation routes. Alexandra Street The access to elements of the Water The 2000 Master Plan provided for the Treatment Plant complex will remain. The development of Meadowlands as the ‘core’ area existing roadway/causeway link across the of the botanic gardens with a major ‘focus building Lagoons to the pump house and bores will be complex’ now termed the Meadowlands Centre maintained, but incorporated as part of the and associated parking areas accessed off circulation network for the Gardens. Alexandra Street. There is sufficient suitable level Upgrading may be necessary in the future. land to provide for all future car parking needs for The access to the pump house from Crowleys the Gardens in convenient locations. Particularly, Road is to remain as alternate access during the provision of coach access and parking can be flood events. provided off Alexandra Street, this will be a Hard paved access to the Cremorne Visitor growing requirement as the Gardens develop Centre, herbarium, and kiosk will be required further and gain recognition. for goods and services delivery and emergency vehicle access. Delivery of goods The 2010 master plan defines the vehicle and will generally be light loads conveyed by pedestrian provision and relationships necessary manual transport from loading areas nearby, for the optimum long term function of the rather than direct vehicular access to the Gardens. It is suggested that in consequence of buildings. the limits associated with Lagoon Street parking General gardens maintenance will require primary circulation paths of sufficient strength
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and width to allow light vehicular movements. Secondary pathways will provide for access by Initial Botanic Gardens planning has given smaller vehicles. consideration to provision of a shared pedestrian / bikeway circuit within the circulation network. Meadowlands Multifunction Corridor Specific design elements will be required to Site planning for Meadowlands has defined a reduce cycle speed on such a shared pathway to major multifunction corridor traversing the site limit conflict with pedestrians. from Lansdowne Road, across Eulamere Wetlands, through Meadowlands extending south Footpaths across Kaliguil Lagoon to Balmoral section and A network of pathways has been developed the Mackay Tourist Information Centre; a western initially in the southern sections of the site during arm of the corridor can ultimately traverse the the 1990’s. These pathways meander through the lagoon edge from Meadowlands under the railway South Sea Islander Village areas and through bridge toward the Peak Downs Highway. areas of Central Queensland Coast bioregional vegetation planted by SGAP. A causeway link This corridor is planned to have a multifunction path below the railway bridge connects the circulation function through the western sections pathways on either side of the railway. The paths of the site comprising: to the northern side of the railway corridor contain major construction, maintenance and stone motifs by members of the aboriginal emergency vehicle access; community. major pedestrian spine; trunk bikeway linking the Racecourse area More recently (2001 – 2006), as part of the with the Blue Water Trail; development of stages one & two, an extensive Refer to figures 4.01 & 4.02 network of primary, secondary and tertiary pathways and boardwalks have been constructed.
Consequently the multifunction corridor should Horse Trails ultimately be constructed with pavements up to In the past, horse riders have made informal 5m wide in high use sections and suitably occasional use of the open space areas designed to define and separate people, vehicle associated with the lagoons. This activity is not and bicycle zones. compatible with high use pedestrian activities due to safety and hygiene issues. With the
development of the Botanic Gardens, riding of 2.3.4. Bikeway, Footpaths & Horse Trails horses should be prohibited within the site. Horse
riding is more appropriate in rural areas, and in Bikeway specifically designed equestrian facilities beyond An existing bikeway initially traversed the site from the city centre and inner suburbs. the Tourist Information Centre to Holland Street Refer to 4.7.1 Incompatible Activities then along the Lagoon Street frontage. The bikeway crosses under the railway through an underpass. The bikeway forms part of the route identified in the Mackay Bicycle Plan and in the 2.3.5. Public Transport Blue Water Trail, extending through the northern section of the Gardens to Hume Street, crossing The Botanic Gardens site is serviced with public Lansdowne Road and then along Lagoon Street transport access. Regular bus routes traverse corridor to the Pioneer River and onwards to the adjoining roads including; City Centre. Bikeways from the southern end of the Gardens connect to the University Campus. Route 2 – West Mackay which currently has fourteen buses per day travelling along Lagoon The Bicycle Plan proposes a western bikeway Street. The route generates from Mackay route around the Botanic Gardens Meadowlands Centre and travels suburban streets of West site linking the Blue Water Trail (along Lagoon Mackay. Many of the services provide for Street corridor) traversing near or along Alexandra disabled passengers. Street to Ram Chandra Drive. The need to cross Routes 9, 9a, 10 & 11 link the CBD, Canelands Kaliguil Lagoon and the railway line makes such a and the regional townships of Walkerston, proposal an expensive and difficult proposition. Plainland / University, Sarina, and Mirani The proposed Meadowlands Multifunction travelling along Nebo Road past the site. Corridor provides a similar route for this trunk On Sundays the free city bus linking a number bikeway, obviating the need for cyclists to use the of tourist and recreational venues makes eastern sections of the Gardens for access. regular stops at the Gardens and is popular Refer to figure 4.01 with residents and visitors.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.7 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
2.3.6. Railway Corridor On the western side of the lagoon the railway is The main Queensland Rail north – south corridor only slightly elevated by the time it reaches traverses the Botanic Gardens site via an Alexandra Street but effectively terminates this elevated embankment and bridge. Although road and prevents movement south along the visually prominent and physically dividing the road corridor. southern section of Cremorne from the majority of the Botanic Gardens, the elevated nature of the The rail corridor contains the rural residential and corridor allows connection of the two sections by cane farm land west of Alexandra Street and north underpasses - the bikeway underpass and the of Lansdowne Road which crosses the railway pathway along the lagoon edge under the railway providing access to the west. It is expected that bridge. this surrounding land will ultimately become residential.
View south to railway bridge from Riverine Rainforest
Management of the grassed embankments is an important physical, environmental and visual component of the Gardens. Queensland Rail currently maintains the embankment as long grass which provides a valuable habitat for small grass birds but is also a fire hazard. Unfortunately the corridor is infested with the invasive weed species Luceana; this is a continuing maintenance problem providing a seed source infesting the Lagoons corridor and the Botanic Gardens.
View west along Railway Bridge from Nebo Road overpass
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it is desirable to relocate these lines or place 2.4. Services Availability, Suitability underground to avoid their visual and physical impact on the Gardens plant collection. This should be a high priority ongoing task. Wherever possible the principal existing and future underground services should be contained within a ‘services corridor’ maintained free of major specimens and with ready access for 2.4.2. Sewerage Supply maintenance vehicles along most of its length. Surrounding residential areas are sewered and
connections extend into the site at the public 2.4.1. Electricity Supply amenities near the Mackay Tourist Information Centre, the Islander Meeting Hut, the Water Overhead electricity supply exists around the Treatment Plant and the Cremorne Visitor Centre. perimeter of the site and impacts on the potential to establish optimum street trees. Connection of the Tamarind Toilets to the sewerage system has required the installation of a An overhead power supply line traverses the site pit pump system. from the Water Treatment Plant to the Pump House providing power for the water process. Future residential development along Alexandra Street as well as the development of An overhead power supply line traverses the site Meadowlands will require sewerage to be from Lagoon Street to Alexandra Street providing provided. power for the suburbs of Te Kowai and Erakala. 2.4.3. Water Supply Future residential development along Alexandra Street, as well as the development of Town Water Meadowlands will require upgraded power to be The Lagoon Street and Nebo Street frontages are provided. serviced with town water with numerous hose cock points, now integrated into the water It is understood that there are no plans in place to infrastructure provided in stages one and two. reroute or underground these services. However,
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.9 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
The Islander Meeting Hut is connected to town easement to discharge into Kaliguil Lagoon below water supply. The water line traversing across Nebo Road. Eulamere Wetlands from Lagoon Street to Alexandra Street is now defunct. All of the stormwater discharge points are potential pollutant sources impacting on the water Drinking Fountains quality of the lagoon. The provision of gross Drinking Fountains are located at regular intervals pollutant traps and other water quality procedures along the gardens north of the Cremorne Visitor and devices is fundamental. Assessing this inflow Centre to the playground. Additional units are and determining appropriate methods to improve recommended for the southern sections in the water quality should be an integral component of World Regional Flora Gardens; Kaliguil Shelter; the proposed lagoons catchment hydrological South Sea Islander Precinct and near the site of study. the future Meadowlands Centre & Events. Lagoons & Surface Water Ground Water Significant volumes of surface water occur The Lagoons have been a major source of naturally on site within the lagoon and wetlands. reticulated water for Mackay since 1899. Initially This extensive water body is visually dominating water was taken directly from the lagoon but later and of critical significance to the aesthetic retrieved from ground water aquifers via wells and qualities of the Gardens as well as providing bores. The lower flatter terraces remain a suitable habitat for the reserve’s birdlife. significant water source with a series of bores surrounding the pump house on the western side The lagoons have been constantly topped up by of the Lagoons and along Alexandra Street. backwash water released from the Treatment Periodically excess water brought from Dumbleton Works through the settlement ponds, resulting in Weir is transferred to the lagoons to recharge the sedimentation and chemical imbalance in the ground water aquifers. lagoons. However, this will no longer occur once the upgrade of the treatment plant is complete. It is understood that subsequent to the upgrade of the water treatment plant, water from the bores Balmoral – lagoons & waterway may be able to be made available for use in the Two dams have been excavated into the drainage botanic gardens. depression running through the Australian South Sea Islander Village complex. These ponds are Irrigation Water fed by stormwater runoff and can be topped up A 150mm Ø untreated water main runs from the from the windmill adjacent to the lagoon in this Nebo Road Water Treatment Plant traversing the area. A submersible pump provided water to South Sea Islander Precinct, then continuing north create an artificial stream through the Regional along the Lagoon Street frontage to provide Forest plantings beside the railway corridor. irrigation water to the site. The line passes under the railway affixed to the roof of the underpass Waterways through the Botanic Gardens tunnel. An irrigation system off this line waters the The initial planning and construction process has recent plantings adjacent to the northern side of incorporated several waterways to recycle water the railway corridor. The line is serviced by from the lagoons as a preliminary component of a booster pumps at the intakes to the Treatment future extensive integrated recycling system to Works. This line may be superceded in the future. enhance water quality.
2.4.4. Stormwater and Drainage
The topography surrounding the Botanic Gardens site naturally directs stormwater discharges into the lagoon basin. Several stormwater outfalls discharge into the lagoons from West Mackay and Lagoon Street. Other discharge points occur below the Water Treatment Plant.
A drainage swale collecting stormwater runoff from the cane fields and industrial areas south of the site flows through the ponds of the Australian South Sea Islander Village, under the railway Original stormwater outlet – now disguised as Finch Hatton waterway
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These initial waterways are designed as integral a dramatic waterfall back to the lagoon all to aesthetic elements of the Gardens and lagoon increase aeration. water is recycled through: Regional Forests waterway (pump recycled) Lagoons Catchment Hydrological Study Sarina-Proserpine garden (future connection) An hydrological study is to be carried out on the Gymnosperm Slopes (surface drainage) catchment of the lagoons (commencing in 2010) Finch Hatton Waterway (pump recycled) to determine the optimum methods to improve Coal Garden (pump recycled) and continue to manage the water quality. Monsoon Waterway (pump recycled) It is imperative that the proposed lagoons Stormwater Discharges into the Lagoon catchment hydrological study considers all of the In addition there are stormwater discharges from opportunities and constraints suggested by the surrounding areas into the lagoons: 2010 Botanic Gardens Master Plan to upgrade the health and quality of the water in the lagoons to Water Treatment Plant optimum levels appropriate to this significant Finch Hatton Waterway (West Mackay stormwater) scientific and community facility. Monsoon Waterway (West Mackay stormwater) Holland Street discharge (Lagoon Street Unfortunately the catchment hydrological study stormwater) will not be completed in sufficient detail to Lagoon Street discharge influence a number of detail aspects proposed by Lansdowne Road discharge (West Mackay the 2010 Master Plan. Consequently some stormwater) elements will need to be left as broad scale planning and some may not be able to advance All flow directly into the Lagoons, most through beyond the 2000 master plan concepts. the created biological wetlands but gross pollutant traps will need to be considered for all of these outlets to ensure optimum water quality. The Elements to be considered by the Lagoons infestation of floating and aquatic water plants is Catchment study include: an indicator of the excess nutrients in the water; regular removal is necessary to maintain suitably Meadowlands waterways & wetlands cleared water surfaces and avoid undesirable Meadowlands Water Terraces water quality issues and aeration problems. Eulamere Wetlands expansion Eulamere boardwalk expansion Boat Pond excavation Byfield / Manifold Sand Community Cricket Field
Refer also to clauses 2.4.3; 2.4.4; 3.3; 2.5.1; 4.6.2
2.4.5. Communications
Telephone services are available on the perimeter of the site, as well as fibre optic cables for data transmission and mobile phone technology.
Modern communication technology is already GPT ‘sock’ opposite Jackson Street utilised by the Botanic Gardens to sense and control the irrigation system with consequent specific installation requirements for transmission Meadowlands and receiving data. The 2000 master plan provided for an extensive waterway and biological wetland system to be Contemporary MP3 and IPod technology is now created within the Meadowlands section to recycle extensively used by many Botanic Gardens as an the lagoon water to enhance the water quality for integral component of the information and aesthetic and functional use in the Botanic interpretation programmes. It is expected that this Gardens. Substantial volumes of water are technology will develop rapidly and become an planned to be recycled from the lagoons to the important aspect of the visitor education upper level lakes and waterways to cascade down experience.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.11 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
2.5. Adjoining Land Uses
The site is well located in an area of appropriate land uses that generally complement the development of a Botanic Garden. It will be necessary to ensure that these uses either continue or that any future change is not detrimental to the progressive establishment of the Botanic Gardens. The most significant adjoining land uses are:
2.5.1. Mackay Water Treatment Plant
The Nebo Road Water Treatment Plant is located on the corner of Nebo Road and Lagoon Street Heritage Intake Tower and comprises related facilities throughout other parts of the site. The plant supplies treated water concrete intake tower structure on the to Mackay and are anticipated to continue doing southern bank of the lagoon, part of the so for the foreseeable future. Current upgrading original water system – once supporting a of the plant will ensure continued production of timber truss bridge; optimum quality town water as well as reduced two large concrete wells near the pump house impact on the water quality of the Lagoons which have been filled and currently contain through appropriate effluent treatment and palm trees; disposal. a long concrete measuring flume near the pump house; The Plant treats water pumped from Dumbleton Weir and from bores adjacent to the lagoon. Apart from the complex of tanks and towers in the plant enclosure, the Treatment Plant includes a Related Restrictions number of operational structures and elements Certain restrictions are required by Mackay Water within the Botanic Gardens site, including; on development of the Botanic Gardens to prevent interference with the water treatment the pump house and associated network of operations. These include; bores on the western side of the lagoon; intake mains from Dumbleton Weir running maintenance of the roadway link from the plant along Crowleys Road and across the lagoon to enclosure to the pump house and Crowleys the treatment plant enclosure; Road; an intake main (the Hobas line) running limiting public access to the area of the through the southern sections of the site to the settlement ponds; plant enclosure; protective fencing and or padlocking of valves various valves associated with the mains; may be necessary; and a rising main leading from the treatment plant prohibit planting of large trees within 5 metres enclosure along Lagoon Street; of all water mains and related services to allow settlement ponds linked to the plant enclosure access corridors for future repair or by a feeder main along the internal service replacement. road; backwash water is settled in these ponds before overflowing into the lagoon, discharging Bank Stabilisation into the channel behind the small island near The current treatment plant upgrading works the railway bridge. involves the stabilisation of the slopes below the treatment plant storage tanks. This requires the provision of a series of retaining walls to allow Historic Elements adjustment to the slope of the fill banks and the As well as these operational elements, a number reestablishment of the existing Gardens pathway of historic non-functional elements remain on site, system. Provision is to be made for a deck of and are recommended to be preserved and sufficient strength and size associated with the incorporated appropriately into the Gardens valves at lagoon level to allow occasional access development as a link with the site heritage. by vehicles to maintain the valves.
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Retaining walls
Bore in the Meadowlands Events area
reconstructed pathways
Deck and shelter
preliminary layout proposed bank stabilisation
The Mackay Water geotech assessment Settlement Ponds recommends that reconstructed slopes and retaining walls be backfilled with appropriate fill Consideration has been given to using the ponds material to support plant growth and surfaced with as part of a sustainable water supply system crushed rock to inhibit surface erosion. Vegetation linked to occasional use of the bores. This cover to be limited to small low growing species opportunity will need to be defined and confirmed that do not impact on the stability of the walls and by a specific study in conjunction with Mackay reconstructed slopes. Plant species to be a Water. Alternatively the ponds could be part of collection of low growing and soil binding species research into wetland species and treatment associated with the rocky exposed coastal techniques or removed and the area restored to headlands of the region. In consequence the add additional space for the collection. planned Bamboo collection of the Gymnosperm Garden will be reduced in area. Water Treatment Plant Backwash Once the upgrade is complete approx 1mgl / day Bore Field & Settlement Ponds will be available for release into the lagoons. This Bore water is good quality but with a high may be directly discharged below the water magnesium content which will need appropriate treatment plant in a specially constructed delivery treatment to avoid deleterious effect on plant feature integrated with the bank stabilisation material if used for irrigation. works. Portions of this water could be diverted to flow down the Sarina-Proserpine waterway, the The settlement ponds will become redundant to Finch Hatton Waterway and possibly the Coal the water treatment process during 2010. At this Garden waterway and the Monsoon waterway. time they may become available for specific This would obviate the need for pumping to Botanic Gardens purposes. recycle lagoon water through these constructed waterways and add substantially to the aeration of the return water.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.13 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Discharge Water Quality February 2006. As recommended by the 2000 It is understood that the water may contain levels master plan the Council acquired the land on of aluminium, manganese as well as pathogens expiration of the lease to allow optimum and consequently would need to be tested and development of the core area of the Gardens approved by EPA before the recycled water was known as Meadowlands. circulated through the various waterways or for irrigation. Other farms are located on the western side of the northern section of Alexandra Street. Other farms Development of Meadowlands is planned to border the southern end of the site across the include a substantial water system of lakes, ponds lagoons adjacent to the Australian South Sea and cascades. To maximise the sustainability of Islander Village. the gardens, it is intended to recycle the lagoon water (topped up by discharge water) though 2.5.4. State Nursery / DPI Farm these new waterways and wetlands to assist biological purification. EPA testing may then Above the settlement ponds and running along approve the resultant combined lagoon / Crowleys Road is a plot of land used historically discharge water to be used for irrigation. by DPI as a research plot. In the early days of white settlement the land was used as an Hobas Line Duplication Acclimatisation Garden and State Nursery for Mackay Water anticipate that in 5 – 10 years the trialling many different types of crops, fruits and existing Hobas water supply line from the south trees as well as sugarcane. It played a significant along the eastern bank of the lagoon to the part in the early history of the Mackay region. treatment plant, may need to be duplicated with a future new line installed. Planning for the new line is as yet incomplete but it is likely that the corridor will traverse the existing causeway extending along Crowleys Road.
Mackay Water Treatment Plant Life With the expected population growth of Mackay (130,000 people by 2030) it is expected that by then the existing plant will need to be substantially enlarged and most likely relocated elsewhere.
2.5.2. Residential and Industrial State Farm and Eulamere Lagoon c 1889
Residential areas front Lagoon Street opposite the The significance of this research facility to North site and along Nebo Road to the north of the Queensland agriculture and horticulture is high. railway. A large lot residential area has been Consequently this historic role should be developed along Alexandra Street. Consideration recognised by re-establishing this area as the is being given to further residential development principal research and development zone for both of the area between the Gardens and the railway historic horticulture and for new contemporary corridor. products.
Subdivision is dependent on the provision of The site has been acquired by Council for Botanic sewerage which is also required to allow the Gardenspurposes and now contains the initial development of the Meadowlands Centre of the stages of the operations, maintenance and Botanic Gardens site. nursery facility. The DPI farm should be developed as an important component of the Light industrial areas are established to the south Botanic Gardens. of the site and across Nebo Road from the Australian South Sea Islander precinct. 2.5.5. Mackay Tourism Information Centre 2.5.3. Cane Farms Mackay Tourism has prepared a feasibility study Part of the proposed Botanic Gardens site for the development of the ‘Mackay Regional flanking Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road, Showcase’ adding additional building modules to operated under lease as a cane farm until the existing information centre. The architectural
Page 2.14 MRBG section 2.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens style of the structures captures and expresses the The Institute has a significant role in the tropical influence and character through development of the sugar industry in the Mackay appropriate contemporary design with the region and desirably could have been integrated emphasis on sustainability and technology. with the Botanic Gardens in the area of economic botany or horticultural education. The proposed development includes: existing Mackay Tourism offices reception 20 sqm toilets 17.2 sqm display exhibition gallery 320 sqm cafe 60 sqm alfresco dining veranda 40 sqm seminar conference centre 80 sqm expanded playground 80 sqm external display areas, paving, courtyards and landscape no additional parking has been provided.
View of the ‘Royal Palm Avenues’ along Nebo Road from the proposed World Regional Flora Garden
Royal Palm Streetscape As part of the development of the Sugar Research Institute the forecourt was developed with a distinctive formal garden dominated by several avenues of Royal Palms which continued along both sides of Nebo Road. The palms have matured and now make a very visually distinctive streetscape which has been used to influence and define the adjacent proposed World Regional Flora Garden. Since Dr Langer was also responsible for the wide use of the Royal Palm in Mackay Regional Showcase the Mackay CBD, it is strongly suggested that this preliminary site plan for expansion Royal Palm streetscape should be protected by Council for its heritage value to the city. This proposal together with the similar facilities planned for the Australian South Sea Islander centre and the Sugar Research Institute Redevelopment Proposal redevelopment impacts on the ongoing The site has recently been sold and it is development of the botanic gardens for which the understood that the main buildings will become master plans of both 2000 and 2010 suggested commercial offices, meeting and function rooms similar conference and restaurant facilities. It is as well as a specialised shopping precinct. important that a combined viability / feasibility Accommodation units will be built on other study involving all three centres be undertaken sections of the site. The office workers, shoppers before final decisions are made about and residents will have the opportunity to use the development of any of the projects. facilities available on the Gardens site, adding to the visitation and community use. It is unlikely that direct pedestrian access will be possible across 2.5.6. Sugar Research Institute Nebo Road and the existing signalised Redevelopment intersection of Nebo / Lagoon will be used.
The Sugar Research Institute complex is located This proposal together with the similar facilities on Nebo Road opposite the Botanic Gardens site. planned for the Australian South Sea Islander The buildings were designed by noted architect / Centre and the Mackay Tourism Information landscape architect Dr Karl Langer who was also Centre expansion impacts on the ongoing responsible for the initial town plan for Mackay. development of the botanic gardens for which the
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.15 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens master plans of both 2000 and 2010 suggested Cape Hillsborough National Park similar conference and restaurant facilities. It is A coastal national park to the north of the city important that a combined viability / feasibility with beaches and rock headlands backed by study involving all three centres be undertaken rainforest covered mountains and hills. before final decisions are made about development of any of the projects. Finch Hatton Gorge An extensive trail system provides access to rainforest gorges and waterfalls within this 2.5.7. Other Nearby Attractions section of the Eungella National Park.
The Botanic Gardens site is closely associated Eungella National Park with several other existing facilities and locations This extensive national park on the mountain in the region, which have similar relevance to the range at the head of the Pioneer Valley is a environment, agriculture, horticulture and tourism. major tourist attraction. Many of the plants and Collectively they provide the potential for Mackay communities of this park will be represented in Tourism to create and market a unique and the Botanic Gardens but the collection will be specialised ‘tourist circuit route’ linking all of these limited by the altitude related climatic / various related destinations. environment differences of the two locations.
Mackay Tourist Information Centre Sarina Sugar Shed A large information centre located on the An innovative replica of a working sugar mill southern end of the Botanic Gardens site that provides a hands-on educational provides an important promotional opportunity experience of the sugar industry. for the Botanic Gardens.
Queens Park 2.5.7.1. Proposed Historic Precinct A large and historic urban park containing a collection of substantial tropical trees, shrubs A number of Mackay groups interested in and an extensive orchid house display. Mackay’s heritage in its various forms are considering combining their interests into one Blue Water Trail precinct to display their wares and share This trail provides for pedestrian and cycle infrastructure. The approach is very broad, with circulation between various node points the past, present and future to be offered as a around the city centre. The Botanic Gardens is continuum. a major destination. The organisations involved include: Blue Water Lagoon Mackay Family History Society Inc., The Blue Water Lagoon provides an extensive Mackay Heritage Railway Inc., complex of large swimming pools, surrounding Mackay Historical Society and Museum Inc, lawns, gardens and shelters. Mackay Vintage Motor Club, and Mackay Tourism. Artspace The regional Art Gallery located in the city A number of possible sites have been suggested, centre within the Civic Centre. The curators of including one adjacent to the Botanic Gardens. A the Gallery and the Botanic Gardens work in matrix has been developed to consider all sites close association to further artistic objectively and compare their various attributes opportunities for the community. with a view to determining basic viability before moving to any kind of site selection. Mackay Centre Heritage Walk A self-guided walking circuit to 21 historic This proposal meshes in well with the philosophy buildings within the city centre. of the Botanic Gardens which is effectively a living museum of natural history. It is suggested that the Racecourse Sugar Mill potential adjoining site on the western side of A large sugar mill located on the western Alexandra Street (south) would integrate well with outskirts of the city and visible from the Botanic the master plan for the Botanic Gardens. The Gardens site. Linking the Botanic Gardens to combined components planned for this historic the mill by people mover offers potential to precinct would create a very special venue for extend the story of economic botany as well as residents and for visitors to the city. providing for an entrepreneurial opportunity.
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ACTION SUMMARY: Section 2 – LAND USE AND INFRASTRUCTURE The following items extracted from this section of the 2010 Master Plan report define the principal priorities and actions recommended to ensure the continuing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens.
MP Ref: The numeric reference to the various clauses and sections in the 2010 Master Plan Priority: 1 – immediate; 2 – short term; 3 – long term Responsibility: MRC Mackay Regional Council; MRBG Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens HRG Horticultural Reference Group Friends MRBG Friends & Volunteers Herbarium MRBG Herbarium Stage 1&2 consolidation works for stages 1 & 2 Stage 3 planning and design for stage 3, Meadowlands
MP ref Item Précis Action Priority Responsibility
Confirm that the MRBG site is suitably designated and protected as MRC Town Planning, Land Use and 2.2 a botanic garden - for all time - under 1 MRBG Tenure the relevant Council planning documents Ensure visitor safety by providing fencing and related gates along Nebo Road, Lagoon Street & MRC 2.3.1 Primary Road Network 1 Lansdowne Road and ultimately MRBG Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road. Investigate and improve the intersection traffic control sequencing to improve Nebo Road & Lagoon Street MRC 2.3.1 traffic flow to MRBG from Nebo Road; 1 access MRBG also Lagoon Street turns in/out to the Cremorne Visitor Centre carpark Maintain regular liaison with Main Roads Department & Council Traffic Engineers to ensure planned upgrades MRC 2.3.2 Primary Site Access of surrounding roads take into 1, 2, 3 MRBG consideration the existing and future access demands and relationships with MRBG Progressively develop this primary circulation route for construction, Meadowlands Multifunction MRBG 2.3.3 maintenance & emergency vehicle 1, 2, 3 Corridor Stage 3 functions as well as pedestrian and bikeway Resolve the planned location of the Bicycle Plan western trunk bikeway MRC 2.3.4 Bikeway and Footpaths alignment potentially traversing 1 MRBG Meadowlands within the multifunction stage 3 circulation corridor Negotiate with Queensland Rail to effectively manage the embankments to 2.3.6 Railway Corridor 1 MRBG minimise weed invasion and reduce fire potential Ensure future power requirements for MRBG are integrated with the residential expansion in the locality; MRC 2.4.1 Electricity Supply 1 organise alternative supply methods to MRBG allow removal of existing overhead supply lines crossing the lagoons. Ensure future sewerage requirements for MRBG are integrated with the 2.4.2 Sewerage Supply 1 MRC residential expansion in the locality;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 2.17 Master Plan 2009 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Ensure existing water supply services are appropriately upgraded; Investigate MRC 2.4.3 Water Supply alternative water supply opportunities – 1 MRBG bore water, recycled lagoon water, treatment plant discharge water Install additional drinking fountains in MRBG 2.4.3 Drinking Fountains 1 the southern sections of the Gardens Stage 1&2 Ensure that the proposed lagoons catchment hydrological study considers all of the opportunities and constraints suggested by the MRC 2.4.4 Stormwater and drainage 1 Botanic Gardens Master Plan to MRBG upgrade health and quality of the water in the lagoons to optimum levels. Ensure that technological opportunities are utilised to ensure optimum MRBG 2.4.5 Communications management and operation of the 2, 3 Stage 3 gardens including information and interpretation methods Ensure that all opportunities offered by the proximity of the treatment MRC plant and MRBG are utilised to 2.5.1 Water Treatment Plant 2, 3 MRBG mutual advantage – bank Stage 3 stabilisation; settlement ponds & bore fields; backwash water; Resolve the existing lease boundary Australian South Sea Islander and site extent to ensure appropriate MCC 2.5.5 1 Centre – proposed expansion detail site planning and design should MRBG this proposal continue to establishment. Each of these developments have Mackay Tourism Information proposed similar conference and 2.5.5 Centre restaurant facilities as recommended
for the botanic gardens in the master MRC Australian South Sea Islander plans of both 2000 and 2010; it is 3.6.4 1 MRBG Centre important that a combined viability / Stage 3 feasibility study involving all four
Sugar research Institute projects be undertaken before final 2.5.6 redevelopment decisions are made about development for any of the projects. The Botanic Gardens site is closely associated with several other existing facilities and locations in the region, which have similar relevance to the environment, agriculture, horticulture MRC 2.5.7 Other nearby attractions and tourism. Collectively they provide 1, 2, 3 MRBG the potential for Mackay Tourism to create and market a unique and specialised ‘tourist circuit route’ linking all of these variously related destinations. This proposal meshes in well with the philosophy of the Botanic Gardens which is effectively a living museum of natural history. It is suggested that the potential adjoining site on the western side of Alexandra Street (south) would MRC 2.5.7.1 Proposed Historic Precinct 1 integrate well with the master plan for MRBG the Botanic Gardens. The combined components planned for this historic precinct would create a very special venue for residents and for visitors to the city.
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Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
3.3 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS Each section is distinguished by a distinctive colour applied to elements of the infrastructure. The 2000 Master Plan provided a comprehensive description and analysis of the original physical Refer to section 4 for specific detail. conditions of the site. These have influenced the planning design development and construction of Site Sections stages one and two. Consequently the following Balmoral yellow descriptions expressly focus on site conditions of Kaliguil red the current development and define the related Cremorne purple physical opportunities and constraints for Summerlands pumpkin continuing stage three and all future development Rawson’s Hollow green of the site. Meadowlands blue
To simplify references to particular areas of the 3.1. Physiography Botanic Gardens these commonly accepted reference terms will be used where appropriate in The site is extensive and diverse, naturally divided this report. into three physically different topographic areas, each with a range of distinct land units. A related numeric / name terminology has been developed and is primarily used to aid in site Eastern Escarpment reference and location through the plant collection Lagoon Valley database as well as to assist the interpretive and Western Plateau information signage.
In order to simplify reference and orientation to 3.2. Topography specific areas of the site, the overall site has been divided into a six sections. Each section is The site landform is basically a valley naturally referred to using the name of a significant local divided topographically into three sections heritage garden of the 19th and 20th centuries so effectively separated and dominated by the as to commemorate the early history of gardening corridor containing the lagoons and wetlands. in the region.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3.1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Lagoon Valley then dips to a shallow valley before rising again to Extends through all Sections Nebo Road and the flat areas surrounding the Tourist Information Centre. The lagoon south of the causeway is known as Kaliguil and the northern lagoon Eulamere. This Western Plateau basin is an anabranch of the Pioneer River with Meadowlands an approximate water level of R.L. 4.0. The majority of the wetlands area in the northern end The steeper western embankment rises from the of the basin is only marginally above natural water lagoon to R.L. 10.0 to form a low ridge containing table level. an extensive plateau-like landform with a wide shallow depression. The field, once used for sugar Eastern Escarpment cane, slopes gently down to the north discharging Balmoral, Kaliguil, Cremorne, Summerlands, and surface water centrally through the ridge to the Rawson’s Hollow lagoon. The embankment curves around to the west sloping down to a flat low-lying south terrace The eastern bank of the lagoon in Summerlands containing the spear bores and settlement ponds and Rawsons Hollow sections rises steadily from of the Water Treatment Plant. A narrow steep the water edge to a high flat terrace along Lagoon bank rises from this flat to form the platform of the Street at R.L. 12.0. This embankment continues former Acclimatisation Gardens and State Nursery southwards to merge into the constructed now the Operations and Maintenance facility. embankments of Nebo Road and the railway corridor. The embankment steepens adjacent to the Water Treatment Plant due to constructed fill 3.2.1. Slope Analysis batters encroaching into the corridor to support the tanks located in the Cremorne section. Slopes within the site range from relatively level Gentler slopes of the Kaliguil section lead from the ground to steep slopes with grades in excess of lagoon edge to the Nebo Road overpass rising to 1:2. The slope analysis drawing indicates a broad R.L. 12.0 in an undulating landform. South of the assessment of the topography encountered on the railway corridor, a flat terrace along the lagoon site. To provide appropriate access pathways, the rises to a central ridge upon which the Australian initial development works for the first stages of South Sea Islander Meeting Hut has been construction of the gardens have included slope constructed – Balmoral section. The topography modification and related retaining walls, rockery
page 3.2 MRBG section 3.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens embankments and bank erosion control covers approximately 22% of the subject site. treatments. Areas of excessively steep slopes still remain to be suitably treated. The balance of the site, approximately 18%, is characterised by the gentle to medium slopes that It should be noted that survey data available for variously follow along the lower sections of the the subject site is broad scale with 2 metre basin and ridges, and merge the steep contours; consequently this slope analysis is embankments into the flatter terraces. indicative, but sufficient to identify the basic landform for master planning purposes. The lagoon and wetlands cover the remaining approximately 20% of the subject site. The indicative slope analysis has been based on the following criteria. Mowing slopes Slopes with grades in excess of 1 in 4 are Basically level areas – less than 1 in 20 precluded for mowing by workplace health and (no impediment to access) safety regulations. The topography and slopes Gentle slopes - 1 in 14 to 1 in 20 analysis drawing figure 3.02 indicates the areas (readily accessible without steps and ramps) where steep slopes inhibit mowing. In these areas Medium slopes. 1 in 5 to 1 in 14 garden beds with mulching is recommended. (generally accessible with steps and ramps) Steep Slopes greater than 1 in 5 Alternatively specifically constructed terraces (inaccessible without steps) contained by retaining structures should be used to modify landform to manageable slopes. The site has significant areas of level to gentle slopes primarily on the upper and lower terraces. 3.3. Hydrology The analysis diagram indicates that the level areas cover approximately 40% of the subject Interim hydraulic analysis provided by Ullmann & Nolan 1999. site. The Lagoons complex west of Nebo Road is an There are extensive linear areas of steep land old anabranch which extends along the southern generally located along the embankments to the bank of the Pioneer River for a distance of about lagoon, Nebo Road, and the railway corridor. The 3.5 kilometres. analysis diagram indicates that steeper land
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3.3 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
The Lagoons are closed off to the river at its All of these works will need to be taken into western end but open at its eastern end. During account in the planning, design and establishment mid level floods, the Lagoons receive river of the Gardens. outflows.
Flow velocities within the Lagoons are generally 3.3.2. Historical Flood Levels low and bi-directional depending on whether the flood in the river is rising or receding. The City of Mackay has experienced a number of large floods, notable in 1918 and in 1958. The While the river adjacent to the Lagoons is tidal, highest recorded level in the Lagoons area the levels at the entry of the lagoon are such to occurred in 1958 when a height of RL 9.32 was prevent tidal inflows. measured at the low lift pump station. This level compares with ground surface levels in Lagoon The lagoon system has its own local catchment Street at about RL 12.0 or 2.7m lower. which is bounded in the south by the Peak Downs Highway. There are also a number of The Lagoons periodically flood from mid level uncontrolled points of discharge from the floods. In 1970 a flood level of RL 8.94 was surrounding road network. recorded at the Water Treatment Plant. The duration of flooding is not long, typically not more than 12 – 24 hours. 3.3.1. Existing Usage For the first six years of the decade since 2000 Historically, the Lagoons have been used as a Mackay experienced a severe drought with water part of the City’s water supply. Water was levels being extremely low. Major local rain pumped from the river at Dumbleton into the events recommenced in 2005 with sporadic and Lagoons where it was used to recharge heavy rain periods of over 200 mms in 2 - 4 hours. underground aquifers. Substantial flooding occurred on February 15, 2008 when 580 mm fell in 4 hours, followed by 3 Water was then extracted from these aquifers by days of 150mm per day. The lagoon flood level a bore field. There are currently eight (8) bores reached RL 6.0 on the morning of February 15 within the Lagoons complex. and remained high until mid 2009.
In the current operation of the Treatment Plant, Over the past 30 years, there have been a filter backwash water is discharged into the number of studies undertaken in an attempt to Lagoon. The average daily flow through the plant model flood heights for varying flood discharges at is about 38mL of which about 3 percent, or approx selected locations in and around Mackay. 1mL / day is returned to the Lagoon. Through the drier months of the year, it is this constant supply The flood heights at the Lagoons predicted by two of backwash water which maintains the standing of these studies are summarised in Table 1: water levels within the Lagoons.
The Lagoons are traversed by a number of Table 1 pipelines and also the North Coast Railway. As Predicted Flood Heights an environmental measure no runoff from the railway is allowed to enter the Lagoon. The line Study Estimated Flood Estimated Flood Height has been fully bunded to prevent accidental Discharge spillages discharging into the Lagoons - the area (cumecs) within the bunds is drained to an outlet away from Q50 Q100 Q50 Q100 PMF * the Lagoon area. 1979 Hydraulic Other works associated with the City Water Model Study 10500 12500 9.4 9.9 - Supply, located within the lagoons include: University of Qld 1999 Hatch - Low Lift Pump Station 13000 15500 10.94 11.52 12.77 - Settling Ponds Report - Scour Valves * PMF Probable Maximum Flood - Various Access Tracks and Structures
While there is some variation in the predicated flood levels by the two studies, it would appear
page 3.4 MRBG section 3.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens that floods with average recurrence intervals up to Disaster Mitigation Project (Hatch Report) has 1 in 100 years can be contained within the banks suggested that even in major flood events with of the Lagoons without surcharging. recurrence intervals greater than 1 in 50 years, average flow velocities would be less than 0.4 The 2008 major storm and flood event raised the metres per second. On this basis the maximum lagoon water level to 6.00 m and brought down velocities to be adopted for the design of substantial upstream aquatic plant material which structures should be not less than 0.6 metre / sec. was deposited around the Eulamere Boardwalk. With cognisance of these low flow velocities, it is considered that works or plantings within the areas of inundation are unlikely to greatly restrict flow or cause a significant elevation of water surface levels.
It is important that the proposed Lagoons catchment hydrological study investigates and determines a strategy to ensure the long term viability of the planned development for the associated Eulamere wetlands and lagoons system
3.3.4. Proposed Weir Flooding February 15, 2008 – view north from Geology Gardens The existing water level within the Lagoon is currently controlled by the inlet level of culverts Water Table under Lansdowne Road. The Lagoons Reserve The summer rains of 2008 / 2009 have apparently Master Plan 1992 proposed a weir just upstream raised the water table as the Eulamere Boardwalk from these culverts at R.L. 4.0 to maintain this has been inundated up to floor joist level for water level throughout the year. The purpose of a several months. The outflow of the lagoons weir at the end of the existing Lagoon was to beyond Lansdowne Road to the Pioneer River is stabilise or raise water levels and to define the partially blocked by Para grass. downstream edge of the lagoon. The weir was to be incorporated into the planned system of In addition the increased water level has impacted walking tracks proposed as part of the park on the function of the Eulamere Wetland lagoons, development. constructed as part of stage two. This system of small ponds and weirs is still substantially There are only very limited opportunities for submerged; consequently the planned biological raising water levels without flooding existing cleansing of the stormwater discharging down the Council infrastructure. At the present time, site and also from parts of West Mackay is unable Council’s settlement ponds are only marginally to operate. Many of the associated aquatic, above the standing water level. Also, there is a marginal plants, trees and palms have been range of pipes, valves and outlets which would submerged for a long period and will not recover. need to be considered before water levels could be raised. It is fundamentally important that the proposed Lagoons catchment hydrological study The Council Engineer has indicated that the investigates and determines a solution to ensure current pond depth is between 2.5 – 3.0 metres. the long term viability of the Eulamere Boardwalk From experience in the Gooseponds in north as well as specific hydrological constraints Mackay, depths in excess of 3.0 metres are effecting the planned future development for the desirable to help control floating aquatic weeds. associated Eulamere wetlands and lagoons Experience elsewhere suggests depths in excess system. of 2.0 metres will inhibit growth of reed species.
The constant inflow of backwash water and the 3.3.3. Flood Velocities control effect of Lansdowne Road culverts appear to have allowed a relatively stable water level. Flow velocities within the Lagoons are bi- Slight seasonal variations are arguably desirable directional and are typically very low. Modelling in that area of wetlands is exposed offering undertaken as part of the Local Government feeding opportunities for waterfowl.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3.5 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Siltation Consequently, it was determined in the 2000 Over recent years the lagoons have become Master Plan process that the weir was not increasingly silted, apparently as a joint result of necessary other than as a support for a pathway upstream erosion and the colloids of the effluent crossing of the basin which would more logically from the Water Treatment Plant. This has be provided by a boardwalk / bridge structure. severely reduced the water depth, noticed particularly under the railway bridge where the previously deep water hole has all but 3.3.5. Water Quality disappeared. This has not only affected the visual qualities of the site but also the viability of wildlife Weed Control and vegetation associated with the aquatic as well Expansion of floating, marginal and aquatic water and the water margin along the Lagoons. weeds is a continuing problem within the catchment that is exacerbated by seasonal A full assessment of water siltation and control influences. Control of weeds is difficult and should be undertaken in the proposed Lagoons manual, chemical and environmental means have Catchment hydrological / environmental study. been trialled with varied but never permanent results. Pollution While there have been no known incidences of It is considered that an integral part of the gross pollution, it is noted that there are a number development of the Botanic Gardens would be an of uncontrolled discharge points from the environmentally sustainable program for the surrounding street systems. The installation of catchment to remove exotic weeds and to replace Gross Pollutant Trap intercept traps should be them with native aquatic and riparian species. considered to prevent heavy pollutants from Experiences elsewhere indicates that it would be entering the lagoon water system possible to undertake a scientifically based continuing management programme of invasive A full assessment of water pollution and control weeds and water quality resulting in a definitive should be undertaken in the proposed Lagoons demonstration of best practice as well as a major Catchment hydrological / environmental study. botanic and aesthetic asset for the gardens.
It is important for the proposed Lagoons 3.3.6. Constructed waterways catchment hydrological study investigates and determines a solution to ensure the long term A number of waterways have been planned and viability of the lagoons as well as the associated or installed to recycle and aerate water from the Eulamere wetlands. lagoons as part of the water quality improvement strategy. Algal Blooms There has been no significant history of algal Regional Forest Waterway bloom within the Lagoons. Prior to the This waterway has been constructed as an establishment of the Water Treatment Plant there integral element of the regional forest community. were regular fish kills due to seasonal low water It meanders on the southern side of the railway levels. Since the construction of the Treatment embankment from the top of the slope to the Plant there has been only one incident resulting in lagoon. fish kills. It is understood that this also resulted from low water levels. With maintenance of Sarina-Proserpine Waterway higher water levels from the backwash water, this This waterway is an integral component of the problem appears to have been eliminated. Sarina-Proserpine garden collecting water from the lawns along Nebo Road and discharging The proposed future large-scale urban and along the rock cascade to Kaliguil Lagoon. As the landscape development around the lagoon edges ramped pathway snakes down through the garden both upstream and within the Botanic Gardens the waterway is traversed several times. A return has the potential to produce high nutrient runoff line between lagoon and the top of the waterway which could result in algal blooms unless effective has been installed for future installation of a management of fertilisers and excess runoffs is lagoon water recycled pumping system. instigated. A full assessment of algae production and control should be undertaken in the proposed Recent discussions with Mackay Water have Lagoons Catchment hydrological / environmental indicated that there is a possibility that some of study. the excess water discharged from the upgraded water treatment plant may be able to be directed
page 3.6 MRBG section 3.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens to the top of the waterway thereby obviating the Coal Garden Waterway need for a pumping system. This waterway is primarily designed as a cross contour stormwater channel to collect and modify Gymnosperm Waterway the surface water flow over this section of the site. This waterway is an integral component of the It is planned as an integral component of the Coal Gymnosperm garden collecting water from the Garden with pumped recycled lagoon water Palm Walk and discharging down the rock commencing as a ‘spring’ then flowing through the cascade to Eulamere Lagoon. The ramped differing garden zones to Eulamere Lagoon. pathway zigzags down through the garden beside the waterway. The waterway is basically a surface stormwater drain and not intended to be used for pumped recycled water.
Finch Hatton Waterway This waterway is an integral and innovative component of the Cremorne Visitor Centre surrounds principally collecting rainwater which cascades from the overhanging roof structure and discharging it down the waterway to Eulamere Lagoon. Lagoon water is also recycled from the lagoon to add to the water movement when there is no rain, but principally for aeration.
Coal Garden
Monsoon Waterway This waterway is principally designed to visually and functionally integrate the discharge from the stormwater line servicing part of West Mackay across the site to the lagoon. The water cascades down the constructed stepped waterway, through the deep rocky ravine, to finally discharge into Eulamere Lagoon to simulate a typical stream
flowing down a Monsoon escarpment. Water is Finch Hatton Waterway also recycled from the lagoon principally for
aeration, discharging at the top of the cascade in The water is first provided as a system of needle the form of a stylised ‘spring’ to create the water jets that arch over and moisten the sculptural movement when there is no rain. boulder arrangement located centrally in the Visitor Centre forecourt. From here it flows along the rocky waterway around the edge of the building to collect in a large pool with a central aerating jet beside the bridge. Then it gushes over a weir to provide a water curtain over the stormwater line servicing part of West Mackay. The deep rocky ravine through which the water cascades simulates Finch Hatton Gorge finally discharging into Eulamere Lagoon.
Consideration for installation of an intermediate GPT in the surrounding road system would significantly reduce pollutants entering the lagoon from this drainage system.
Monsoon waterway
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3.7 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
3.3.7. Stormwater discharge
Water treatment plant Refer to the specific details elsewhere in this report [clauses 2.4.4 & 2.5.1] describing the changes associated with the upgrade of the water treatment system which are intended to reduce ingress of siltation and improve water quality. The opportunity exists to utilise excess treatment plant water for activating the constructed waterways traversing across the Gardens to the lagoon and possibly for irrigation.
Finch Hatton The prior existing stormwater line discharged Stormwater outlet opposite Hume Street water collected from West Mackay down the slope No GPT - pollutants lodging in grass swale over a stone pitched concrete spillway. This outlet was integrated within the Finch Hatton waterway now partially obscured by a veil of water cascading over the discharge pipe. 3.4. Site Character
There is no GPT installed on this line which is The diverse topography and large extent of the desirable to reduce ingresses of pollutants and Lagoons Reserve provide a site with considerable improve lagoon water quality. and dramatic visual qualities.
The wide sweep of the lagoon and wetlands basin Monsoon Waterway with its flanking slopes and terraces provide for The prior existing stormwater line discharged lengthy and expansive views along the site and water collected from West Mackay down the across the lagoon to areas on the opposite bank. slope. This outlet was integrated within the The existing site character is one of openness Monsoon Waterway construction and is now with expanses of water and open lawn areas with partially obscured by a veil of water cascading groves of shade trees. over the discharge pipe.
The southern section of the site Balmoral, is There is no GPT installed on this line which is developing a distinctive character derived from the desirable to reduce ingresses of pollutants and cultural elements, structures and vegetation improve lagoon water quality. planted around the Australian South Sea Islander
Meeting Hut.
Lagoon Street Similarly other site sections are developing The reconstruction of Lagoon Street involved the specific visual and botanic characteristics that construction of a stormwater drainage line encourage visitors to explore and appreciate the opposite Mackenzie Street discharging through a diversity of experience. gross pollutant trap GPT and siltation pond prior to flowing into Eulamere Wetlands.
3.4.1. Visual Context Eulamere / Lansdowne The drainage line discharging stormwater from The linear nature of the lagoon basin creates a West Mackay down the slope near Lansdowne number of long views, shorter views and Road does not have a gross pollutant trap and expansive views over the basin, including; water flowing into Eulamere Wetlands includes polluting domestic rubbish.
There is no GPT installed on this line which is desirable to reduce ingresses of pollutants and improve lagoon water quality.
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Long views north along the lagoon and 3.4.2. Focal Points wetlands to distant mountains (foremost of which is Mount Blackwood) from the upper A number of constructed elements provide terraces and decks around the Cremorne significant focal points within the site and Visitor Centre. immediate surrounds. These include; Extensive views to the south east and north are available from the top of the central ridge at the end of Crowleys Road over most of the botanic gardens site. Long views south along the lower levels of the basin from the Eulamere wetlands and from Lansdowne Road are framed by the upper slopes and terraces of the valley. Shorter linear views south along the lagoon to the railway embankment. Expansive views west from the upper terraces and lower flat areas across the lagoon and wetlands to the opposite banks. Expansive views north over the lagoon and western terraces and flats from the Nebo Road railway overpass.
Most areas of the site allow for views across or Mt Blackwood terminates the view north along along the lagoon valley to reveal points of interest Eulamere Lagoon from the Cremorne Visitor and encourage exploration to other portions of the Centre site by visitors to the Botanic Gardens. The The railway embankment and bridge at the railway embankment however creates a visual southern end of the lagoon. barrier to the southern section - Balmoral, centred The stacks of the Racecourse Sugar Mill can around the Australian South Sea Islander Village. be seen to the south from the higher parts of the site.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3.9 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
The brick chimney at the Tourist Information It is vital that this vegetation feature be Centre can be seen over the railway replaced by equivalent specimens such as embankment from higher areas of the site, Agathis robusta the Kauri Pine which will however, is slowly being screened by provide an even more distinctive streetscape surrounding trees and is unlikely to be element. prominent in the future.
Pump House on Meadowlands Water Treatment Plant from Meadowlands The pump house is a localised focus in the The large concrete tanks and other industrial southern area of Meadowlands, as is the structures of the Water Treatment Plant concrete tower like remains of the early pump dominate as a visual focus of the central well on the eastern shore. lagoon area, being visible from almost the The Islander Meeting Hut dominates the entire site area. Planned plant communities will localised views within Balmoral south of the partially obscure some of the structures but railway corridor. they will remain as appropriate sculptural items to be interpreted as part of the heritage & infrastructure of the site and city.
View south along Alexandra Street
The Queenslander style homestead in The grove of exotic pine trees Pinus caribaea Meadowlands along Alexandra Street provides to the northern edge of the Water Treatment an important focal point in the views across the Plant are another prominent focus in the lagoon. central area. Mackay Water plan to remove these trees and replace them with more The homestead has now been raised to suitable species that do not drop leaves in the prominence with the recent realignment of the various components. Unfortunately this will Hospital Bridge and associated Lagoon Street remove a significant visual and identity item in bypass road now effectively providing the Nebo Road corridor. opportunity for increased dominance of the Botanic Gardens in the urban landscape.
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3.5. Geology and Soils 3.5.3. Acid Sulphate Soils
3.5.1. Geology Reports for acid sulphate soils on nearby sites along the Pioneer River of a similar relative level The Lagoons lie within the expansive flood plain suggest acid sulphate soils may be present. They of the Pioneer River. No rock outcrops are visible are likely to be on the flat areas within the lagoon on site and the topography and previous soil basin. Disturbance of such soils in wetlands can testing suggests the site generally comprises have severe impacts on aquatic life. deep alluvial soils overlying clays. The potential acid sulphate soils require a closely considered remedial approach in any construction 3.5.2. Soil Mapping excavation considered for this area.
A total of 8 soil test cores were drilled for investigation purposes during the preparation of 3.6. Cultural Aspects the Lagoons Reserve Master Plan report of 1992. Soils analysis was undertaken on samples from 5 3.6.1. Aboriginal Heritage of the sites. The results of these tests can be found in Appendix B of that report. The results of The waterholes and wetlands of the Botanic these investigations can be summarised as Gardens site was reported by the early European follows; explorers and settlers as a significant campsite for
local aboriginal groups. It is obvious that the Soils are typically duplex types comprising lagoons would have provided a good source of hard setting sandy loams overlying clay drinking water and food due to its abundant subsoils; wildlife. Topsoil depths on the site are generally deep ranging from 300mm to 850mm depth with Preliminary discussions and investigations have good drainage characteristics; indicated that there are no significant artefacts of The soil is typically acidic (plot ranges 5.1 – the aboriginal people on or adjacent to the subject 5.4) with poor fertility and low organic matter. site. The Lagoons Reserve Master Plan records a Recommendations include the additions of report of a midden along the Lagoon Street phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium as Terrace but no evidence was found for this. The determined by soil tests; nature of the lagoon and history of usage The lower basin areas around the pump house indicates that it is possible that significant sites contain deep topsoils underlain with cohesive could be found; therefore care should be clays, whilst sand lenses are likely to be exercised to identify and preserve any likely encountered in the lower areas to the north archaeologically significant sites that may be and central areas of the lagoon. found during development.
These results suggest that during the continuing It is recommended that the aboriginal people of development of the Botanic Gardens the following the area continue to be encouraged to participate procedures be followed: in the development and management process for the Botanic Gardens. It is important to ensure that Additional site specific soils testing and the cultural traditions associated with their use of mapping would be beneficial in the core the regional vegetation be incorporated and gardens area. interpreted in the collection and in the pH modification and the addition of organic development generally. matter is undertaken in developing massed planting areas. Application of nutrients may be applicable. 3.6.1.1. Native Plant Uses Fertiliser application will require careful The original Aboriginal residents of the Pioneer management to avoid water quality problems Valley would have utilized many of the endemic and contamination of ground water supplies. plant species as food sources. Other uses would Soil testing for structural qualities of clay have been the making of tools and for medicinal subsoils be undertaken for design of major purposes. A list of local plant species used was constructions such as buildings, structures, prepared from various sources by Council for the boardwalks, etc. The terraced construction of 1992 Lagoons Reserve Master Plan. These the road approaches to the Nebo Road railway species were included in planting lists for the overpass suggest potential concerns for the Karloo area in the Stage One plantings near the stability of subsoil layers under loads. railway corridor.
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Special uses include: detail than for the Aboriginal heritage. The primary Flour from Seeds - Wattle, Grass Trees. points of the history are; Fruits and Berries - Figs, Palms, Cordylines, Quandongs, Native Gardenia. Captain Mackay camped beside the lagoon in Tool Handles & Spears - Eucalypts, Grass 1860 during exploration of the region. Trees, Wattle, Bumpy Ash, Settlers had moved into the area by the mid Shields - Ash, Quandong. 1860’s and established cane farms around the Edible Leaves - Palms, Pandanus, Grass Lagoons. Trees. In 1870 the first mill was established on Shoots, Weaving, Ropes & Dyes - Pandanus Meadowlands Plantation near Alexandra Leaves, Fig Bark, Supple Jack Vine. Street. Medicinal - Supple Jack, Cheese Fruit, Cocky A small mill owned by James Robb Apple, Native Cherry, Paper Bark. ‘Robbsleigh’ operated for a short time in 1871 Fish Poisons - Damson, Foam Bark. on the site of the former DPI Research Station. In 1870 Council Aldermen suggested, “the Animal Food Sources desirability of a piece of ground be set aside of Emus, parrots, cockatoos, pigeons, kangaroos, the purpose of public recreation” and wallabies, koalas, possums, kangaroo rats, advocated the Lagoons site for this purpose. bandicoot, echidnas, native cats, gliders, The Lagoons Reserve was gazetted on March marsupial mice, pademelon, potoroo, turtles, 7, 1873 as a recreation reserve and future fish, shellfish, frogs. water supply source and to prevent its Frilled lizards, goannas, bearded dragons, deformation for brick making. Three carpet snakes, tree grubs, white grubs living at brickmakers were at work at the Lagoons at base of grass trees, march flies and their this time and were promptly removed. larvae, paper wasp larvae, native bee honey. By 1876 concerns were expressed about water contamination by refuse from mills, distilleries, begass heaps and council drains, and efforts Other Uses to prevent pollution were instigated. Paperbark (Melaleuca species) – burial wrappings, containers, hut roofing, food In 1877 the Lagoons was proposed as a site wrapping; for a Botanical Gardens and rejected. Animal pelts for cloaks, bedding, bags (kangaroo and possum); 1889 saw the establishment of a 52 acre State Clay near rivers - medicinal and ceremonial. Nursery at the Lagoons trialling crops including oranges, mulberries, coffee, tea, rubber, mangoes, arrowroot, wheat, rye, grasses, sisal 3.6.1.2. Influence of European Settlement hemp, rice and many varieties of sugar cane. A cane laboratory was constructed at the When Europeans began to settle the area, many Nursery in 1890 and upgraded in 1898. The changes resulted to the lifestyle of the aborigines State Nursery was converted in 1899 to the in the region. It is reported (‘Australia’s South Sea first Sugar Research Station in Australia. It Islander 1906 – 1989’ by C. Moore and P. Mercer) was relocated to the Bureau of Sugar that during the first decades (1860 – 1880) of Experiment Stations in 1935 (Peak Downs European settlement, the Pioneer Valley Highway). Aboriginal population was reduced to 10% of the Advocated as far back as 1884, the Lagoons persons that originally lived there. This was not became the major source of water for Mackay only due to disease but deliberate extermination with the opening of the first waterworks in by settlers and Native Police. The survivors were 1899. The original plant comprised a well and progressively relocated to Palm Island by the steam driven pump on the Nebo Road side of 1920s. the lagoon, the remains of which can still be seen today. This well proved unsuccessful as it missed the underground aquifers. 3.6.2. European Heritage Shortly afterwards a series of wells and bores were established on the opposite bank and The European population of the Mackay region expanded over the years to meet demand. has had a strong association with the Lagoons Although the wells no longer operate Reserve since the earliest days of settlement. regularly, the bores are maintained and used There is a recorded history of considerably more on direction of Sunwater to supply water to the treatment plant.
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The Sugar Research Station was relocated away from the Lagoons in 1935. The land remained under the control of DPI as an experimental plot until purchased by the Council for Botanic Gardens purposes in 2004. The Nebo Road Water Treatment Plant was opened in 1960 and progressively expanded over ensuing years. A major upgrade is currently in progress. As demand grew during the 1940’s & 1950’s the bores and wells in the Lagoons area required supplementation. Town water was augmented by pipeline links to Mt Pleasant Reservoir (1960) and Dumbleton Weir (early 1980’s). The flat-grassed base of the northern end of the Eulamere lagoon basin was used for polo matches from 1938. An infrequently used Malta garden colonnade & Bocce Court cricket pitch still occupies Eulamere Flats was extensively used for competition in the 1930’s. The Lagoons remain a popular passive 3.6.4. Australian South Sea Islander recreation site with the residents of Mackay. The 1990’s saw the development of the early Heritage stages of the Botanic Gardens with regional plantings by the Society for Growing Australian Mackay has a significant population of islander Plants. communities from the South Pacific; descendents of labourers brought primarily from the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu in the late 1800s to work the 3.6.3. Maltese Heritage cane fields. The first islanders were brought to cane plantations in the area of the Lagoons, so
there is a long-standing and strong association Subsequent to the decision to repatriate the South with the Botanic Gardens site. Pacific Islanders in 1904 their place in the cane fields was taken by immigrants from Europe, Refer to clause 1.8.6.5 predominantly originating from Malta. The Maltese were a hard working and influential group who The Lagoons Reserve Master Plan has extensive have prospered in the region to become one of information on the history of the Islanders in the most respected community groups and Mackay, but in summary; significant landowners. Their unique culture has added to the rich tapestry of Mackay’s The first islanders arrived in 1867. multicultural society and they have introduced numerous innovative lifestyle elements, together 1873 to 1877 saw a rapid expansion of with plant material sourced from the numbers corresponding with expansion of the Mediterranean area. The Malta Garden celebrates sugar industry. this important cultural association through the Numbers fluctuated over the following two provision of a stylised aqueduct colonnade, bocce decades as the depression and attempts to court, open lawn area and succulent garden. end the labour trade impacted. In 1904 the Pacific Island Labourer’s Act of Several previously existing trees in the Malta 1904 prohibited the introduction of islander Garden were recommended to be removed once labour and aimed for repatriation by 1906. the new vegetation had developed toward The islanders remained the primary labour maturity. Immediate removal of these specimens force until a mass deportation in 1908. They is now important so as not to compromise the were replaced as a labour force by immigrants establishment of the plant collection in the garden from Europe, in particular the Maltese. and adjacent Lagoon Street buffer hedge. The islanders remaining have now grown into estimated 3,000 – 4,000 residents of Mackay, - Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina) most tracing their ancestry back four to five - Tipuana (Tipuana tipu) generations. - Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) - Poinciana (Delonix regia) see clause 3.7.2
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Provide more interpretative data on the history and heritage of the community for visitors to the site; including the strong links to the former research nursery and the crops trialled on site. Islanders were prominent in the labour force of the nursery and later research station; Improved security to ensure establishment of gardens of traditional crops such as yams, taro, and cassava.
3.6.4.1. Proposed Expansion The Australian South Sea Islander Association has developed a planning strategy to substantially redevelop the existing area to include three additional major structures and associated site elements to create a community village, meeting Meeting House and interpretive centre. The Australian South Sea Islanders, although integrating into the general community, have The proposal includes: retained a complex traditional cultural heritage. Original Meeting Hut 300 sqm This was recognised in the Lagoons Reserve Exhibitions 350 sqm Master Plan and during the 1990’s, the southern section of the site has been progressively Reception, shop, cafe, toilets 240 sqm developed into an Australian South Sea Islander Office, Meeting Room, Caretaker 200 sqm Village. This precinct aims to help the community Library, Research 280 sqm learn about its cultural heritage and to share this Public areas & walkways 230 sqm heritage with the Mackay community, visitors, and Carpark tourists. Food gardens South Sea Island Gardens The precinct has seen significant development in the last decade with the following elements established;
A large Meeting House used for community meetings and functions; Extensive plantings of coconut palms and fruit trees used in South Pacific Islands; Attempts were made to establish native gardens of taro and other traditional food species, however vandalism and theft have led to their abandonment. This use should be recommenced as an integral component of the Botanic Gardens economic botany collection; Traditional sculptures; Tree planting of community trees for each family within the community.
The community initially planned to continue development of the precinct after 2000 with a range of initiatives including;
Conversion of the Meeting Hut into a museum,
highlighting the Australian South Sea Islander
history of the Mackay region;
A Kava House on the grassy slopes near the
Meeting Hut; A stage (sufficient to hold at least a dozen dancers) and amphitheatre to hold events and cultural displays;
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Current preliminary site planning does not take into consideration the limitations of the existing 3.6.5. Torres Strait Islander Heritage lease boundary or the impact on adjacent existing and planned botanic gardens development The Torres Strait Islander community is initiatives; as well current and future landscape associated with the local aboriginal peoples and maintenance responsibilities need to be resolved have become an integral part of Mackay and agreed. Should this project expansion community life. They have a unique and different proceed it will be necessary to resolve these story to tell which is akin to the mainland issues at the outset of detail planning and design. aboriginals as well as those of the Australian South Sea Islanders.
The main impacts on the Botanic Gardens are: This community wishes to participate in the the proposed extended access road and establishment of the Gardens by creating a carpark over part of the bird habit grassland; specialised Torres Strait Islander garden that the proximity of new structures to the existing reflects and interprets their lifestyle in the tropical lowland rainforest collection; environment of the islands between Cape York resolution of the existing site extent & lease; and New Guinea. resolution of responsibility for landscape maintenance issues associated with the Refer to clause 1.8.6.6 surrounds to the Australian South Sea Islanders centre. Torres Strait Islander Garden The initial stages of construction included the Torres Strait Islander Garden, planned to interpret This proposal together with the similar facilities the character, location and plant communities of planned for the Mackay Tourism Information the various island groups linked by a stylised Centre and the Sugar Research Instituted meandering pathway called Magani Malu Kes redevelopment impacts on the ongoing which represents the tidal current that sweeps development of the botanic gardens for which the through the Torres Strait. master plans of both 2000 and 2010 suggested similar conference and restaurant facilities. It is The garden will ultimately contain a traditional important that a combined viability / feasibility sculptured gateway, specialised shelter and small study involving all three centres be undertaken ceremonial dance ground, all inspired by the before final decisions are made about islands culture. development of any of the projects.
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3.7. Existing Vegetation Upper terrace area south of the Treatment 3.7.1. Natural Remnants Plant – Nebo Road This level terrace adjoining Nebo Road Much of the original vegetation was cleared in the contains a selection of large tree and palm 1860’s when the cane farming began in the area. specimens of considerable age, including; However, a published photograph taken in the early 1900’s of the Mackay Waterworks at the - Rain Trees – two large; Samanea saman; Lagoons, shows a forested backdrop flanking the - Mangoes; Mangifera indica; lagoon. No original vegetation, apart from - Hoop Pine; Araucaria cunninghamiana; possibly some of the aquatic vegetation, remains. - Royal Palm avenues; Roystonia regia. - Weeping Fig; Ficus benjamina; The Lagoons Reserve Master Plan reports that - Teak tree; Tectona grandis; early explorer and settler’s records suggest that - Sausage tree; Kigelia pinnata; and the Lagoons area was a heavily grassed plain - excellent specimen of Syzygium with forests of Melaleucas and Livistona palms suborbiculare. fringing the waterway. Plantings along upper terrace - Lagoon Street 3.7.2. Introduced Exotic Plantings Irregular groups of assorted exotic and native tree extend along the length of Lagoon Street In the past a series of plantings of primarily exotic north from the Water Treatment Plant and tree species has resulted in some significant carpark. groves of shade trees. The most prominent of The following are the principal species; these plantings are; - Orchid Trees (Bauhinia blakeana) Water Treatment Plant enclosure - Golden Shower Trees (Cassia fistula) There is a wide band of large mature pine - Poinciana (Delonix regia) trees Pinus caribaea flanking the northern - Hills Fig (Ficus hilli) boundaries of the Treatment Works Enclosure. - African Tulip (Spathodea campanulata) this is declared as a class 3 environmental weed Most removed in late 2009.
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- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) 3.7.3. Phase One Botanic Gardens - Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina) Plantings - Tipuana (Tipuana tipu) remove all from Malta Garden see clause 3.6.3 Native plant species, representative of regional plant communities (Regional Ecosystems), were also includes unusual and uncommon species: planted during the 1990’s in the initial - Teak (Tectona grandis) development stage of the Botanic Gardens. - South American Cigar Box Cedar (Cedrela These plantings were in accordance with the species. general concept outlined in the 1991 Lagoons - Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) Reserve Master Plan Report and broadly include see clause 4.8.3.15 Riverine, Eucalypt, and Rainforest Communities that were chosen to relate to specific localities Lagoon edge within the Mackay Region. Members of the A number of large deciduous Albizzia lebbeck Mackay Branch of the Society for Growing have established along the edge of the lagoon. Australian Plants had a heavy involvement in both Some of these have succumbed to varying the planning and planting of this section of the water levels and associated pests and Gardens, originally called The Lagoons Reserve disease. It is recommended that they be Habitat Gardens. removed to avoid further colonisation.
Wetlands and aquatic vegetation The first plantings to be established are in the The lagoon’s edges and wetlands are typified area immediately south of the railway corridor and by invasive grass and herbaceous water plants contain a mix of several vegetation communities that require regular harvesting for control. The that are appropriate to the topography of the site floating weed Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) that features an artificial watercourse. is prominent as are Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Salvinia (Salvinia molesta), Para Grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Hymenachne ampexicaulis - Class 2 weeds
Water Lilies (Nymphaea spp & Nymphoides indica) and Nardoo (Marselia spp.) are attractive native aquatic species found in the lagoon.
Australian South Sea Islander Village The vegetation of this precinct is dominated by planted coconut palms, other palm species, and Melaleuca groves along the central drainage swale.
Recommendation Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has a primary Eucalypt forest / woodlands of many different botanic focus on the plants of the Central species combinations occur on drier hills and Queensland Coast Bioregion within the overall ranges throughout the CQC bioregion. The site; the progressive evaluation of established Eucalypt communities - RE’s 8.11.8; 8.12.7 exotic species should include assessment of their and 8.12.22 planted along the upper ridge, cultural significance as well as weed potential contain species representative of the when determining retention or removal of exotic woodland at the top of Eton Range. specimens in future development and maintenance works. Dry rainforest, semi-deciduous microphyll vine forest - RE 8.12.11 or Low microphyll vine Excepted species include: forest to semi-evergreen vine thicket – RE World Regional Flora garden - Samanea saman, 8.12.16 - that occurs on drier coastal and sub- Ficus benjamina, Tectona grandis, Kigelia pinnata coastal hills and low ranges within the CQC and Roystonia regia. bioregion is planted on the upper slopes adjacent to the railway. It includes species Lagoon Street gardens - Tamarindus indica, indicative of sites such as the Conway, Tectona grandis, Cedrela odorata. Dryander and Eton Ranges and Mt Vince.
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Riverine communities are planted along the Semi-deciduous notophyll / mesophyll vine artificial watercourse and include both semi- forest - RE 8.3.1 that occurs as fringing forest deciduous notophyll / mesophyll vine forest - on alluvial plains is planted in the third swale RE 8.3.1 that occurs as fringing forest on with species indicative of the Reliance Creek alluvial plains and Melaleuca leucadendra or flood plain. M. fluviatilis +/- Casuarina cunninghamiana fringing open forest to woodland - RE 8.3.3 These plantings are now well established (2009) that occurs along streams with less fertile and provide an excellent representation of the soils, usually associated with bedrock. species composition of these regional ecosystems. They provide a pseudo natural element to complement the research, development and display of many of the same Rainforest communities, planted in three swales species located elsewhere in the Botanic to the north of the railway corridor, were the next Gardens. to be established.
Notophyll to complex notophyll vine forest - RE 8.12.2 that occurs on drier uplands and coastal ranges is planted in the swale nearest the rail corridor with species indicative of the Pioneer Peaks;
Notophyll / microphyll rainforest - RE 8.12.3 that occurs on low to medium ranges is planted with species indicative of the Koumala Range;
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3.8. Fauna The Mackay bird observation members have been 3.8.1. Avi fauna actively involved in the development process of the Botanic Gardens. The Lagoons reserve is considered an important bird habitat and retention of existing habitat values as well as expansion of habitat within the site are 3.8.2. Snakes and other fauna encouraged. Over 120 species have been observed. Although no specific field observation of the Lagoons site has been undertaken, it is known See clause 1.8.6.2 that the site is inhabited by a considerable number of fauna species, particularly aquatic and water The following recommended parameters for edge mammals, reptiles and invertebrates. Clear botanic gardens planning have been made by evidence exists of bandicoot habitation and Marj Andrews a representative of Bird frequent sightings of snakes are reported. Observation and Conservation Australia – Mackay Platypus have been sighted. Branch to suggest how to attract birds and other wildlife, and to maintain the environment quality of The population of snakes raises public safety what is already there: concerns, especially as the highly venomous Eastern Brown and Taipan species are commonly The Botanic Gardens is developing as an reported. Management strategies such as snake excellent bird habitat; population control and monitoring, maintenance Bird hides are not necessary to assist bird procedures to provide mown buffers to habitats, observation provided appropriate vegetation is and particularly education of visitors should be established to screen the viewer; CPTED instigated. Recent development of a solar principles to be considered; powered ‘sonic wave’ device, reputed to scare snakes away from immediate areas, could also be Promote and encourage water birds considered for installation in specific areas for the specifically and make bird / plant interaction safety of staff and visitors. one of the primary focus and promotional tools; Retain and manage the wetlands for waterfowl; Create islands for protective breeding sites; 3.8.3. Wildlife Corridor Expansion Thick plantings along the lagoon edges to create protected nesting sites, and limit The lagoons site currently has limited potential to pedestrian access to these areas. become part of a regional wildlife corridor network The whole Botanic Gardens should be a dog- due to the associated development of farmland on-leash area; particularly Eulamere flats and residential areas surrounding the site. regularly used by nesting grass habitat birds; Council strategic planning has considered the future opportunity to develop open space linkages Create a diversity of habitats for land birds; downstream and upstream along the corridor of the anabranch. Planting of endemic rainforest trees and shrubs to continue; Downstream Corridor Retain as much undergrowth and natural North from Lansdowne Road, the lagoon channel vegetation as possible for protection; merges with the Pioneer River adjacent to the Artificial nest boxes to be placed in suitable new cross-river bridge accessed from Lagoon trees; Street (extended). The anabranch stream has Native grasses to be planted wherever limited vegetative cover and is closely flanked by possible; farmland to the west and residences on the east. Retain and allow to seed, the grasses on the Narrow bands of mangrove line the Pioneer River Nebo Road and Railway embankments for with cane land immediately behind. The Blue refuge and food sources for finches and other Water Trail extends through the corridor and small grass birds; continues downstream along the river to the city Retain and allow to seed, the grasslands centre. between the Australian South Sea Islander hut and the lagoons for refuge and food sources Upstream along the Pioneer River there is a large for finches and other small grass birds; parcel of floodable river terraces partly used for progressively remove the seedling tree species sugar cane. It is planned that this land will be which attract large predator bird species; zoned for open space and appropriate uses such Monitor and eradicate feral predators; as recreation or caravan park. Consequently
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 3.19 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens establishing and revegetating this corridor will vertebrates and birds. Larger animals and birds ultimately provide a substantial opportunity for are unlikely to have sufficient habitat size to be extending the wildlife corridor. viable residents.
Potential wildlife corridor expansion & linkages
Upstream Corridor West from the Botanic Gardens beyond the The exception to this statement is of course the railway bridge, the lagoon channel narrows waterbirds, either permanent or migrating, using considerably and is confined into a narrow the lagoons and the nearby Pioneer River as a corridor running through cane farms with no links feeding and breeding ground. to any significant habitat areas. However the Council strategic planning provides for the inclusion of an open space corridor extending 3.8.4. Wildlife Habitat – Lagoon and through the future residential and industrial Wetlands development toward the Peak Downs Highway. The lagoon and wetlands constitute a significant The open space corridor along the lagoons habitat for the development of the Botanic upstream and downstream from the Botanic Gardens. In particular, specific human related Gardens provides the opportunity to significantly activities should be minimised or prohibited as extend wildlife habitat though a substantial area of they may create either disturbance to nesting existing and renewed vegetation extending each sites, disturbance to feeding areas, loss of habitat side of the Botanic Gardens establishing a strong values, pollution or degradation of water quality, connection with the riparian vegetation along the or loss of food sources or substitution of natural Pioneer River. sources.
The increased habitat potential would provide for localised populations of reptile, and smaller
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3.9. Climate and Microclimate
3.9.1. Regional Climate Data
The Mackay region has a typically humid, tropical maritime climate. In Australia this climate type extends from the Marlborough district in central Queensland, north to Cape York. The major climatic elements are rainfall, temperature, humidity, evaporation, winds and cyclones.
Sunshine The simple topography and generally north-south orientation creates a site with high exposure to sunshine and little opportunity for topographically sheltered environments. Virtually all areas of the Flood February 15, 2008 - view north from the site will be exposed to sunlight for the majority of Cremorne Visitor Centre Lagoon Lookout the day.
The high sun exposure and high UV levels subject visitors to the site with little relief from the effects of summer sunlight without the addition of Table 1. Average Monthly and Yearly Rainfall considerable shade by tree planting or shade (mm) and Rain Days structures.
Rainfall The rainfall isohyets in the region lie roughly parallel to the coastline with values decreasing gradually to the west. Annual rainfall decreases gradually to the north towards Townsville and to the south towards Rockhampton. Table 1 charts typical rainfall patterns.
The dominant rainfall is in the summer period from December to March when 70% of the average annual rainfall is received. During the summer season, rainfall intensities are high, reaching a peak during February to March. The highest 24 Flood February 15, 2008 - view south from the hour rainfall record for the study area is 627mm. Cremorne Visitor Centre Lagoon Lookout The driest months are August, September and October. (Source: Bureau of Meteorology)
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Temperature and Humidity during the winter months. Two directional air Mean monthly maximum and minimum movements between the land and the sea, that is temperatures are presented in Table 3. It shows sea breezes (SE, E, NE and N winds) and land that the summer temperatures are moderate breezes (NW, W, SW and S winds) are also of because they are tempered by sea breezes. primary importance. In summer, the cool air over Highest maximums however, can reach to 39 C the sea flows in to replace the rising hot air from during the summer months. Winters are mild and the land. These sea breezes are particularly sunny with an average maximum of 21 C in July. strong in the afternoon, when the differences in Minimum temperatures are mild with night time temperature and pressure between the land and winter lows seldom being below 10 C. Frosts are the sea are the greatest. In the winter months, unlikely to occur. the cool air over the land moves to replace the warmer air from above the sea. Winter mornings experience the strongest land breezes.
Table 2. Average and Extreme Monthly Strong hot northerly winds can have a significant Temperatures impact on vegetation within the area, especially in the establishment stage of new plantings.
Cyclones Cyclones form over tropical oceans in the north. On average seven cyclones over a ten year period can be expected to come within 320 km of the coast. Cyclones tend to be more frequent in January to April with March having the highest frequency.
Cyclones can inflict catastrophic damage to vegetation and structures. Structural design will need to comply with design parameters developed to resist cyclonic wind loads. It can be expected that at times damage to or loss of individual specimens or entire sections of the plant collection could occur from cyclonic damage.
3.9.2. Recent Climatic Events
For the first six years of the decade since 2000 Mackay experienced a severe drought with water levels being extremely low. Major local rain Humidity varies little during the year with winter events recommenced in 2005 with sporadic and averages of approximately 60% and summer heavy rain periods of over 200 mms in 2 - 4 hours averages between 65 - 70%. causing erosion and damage to the living collection on the site's steeper terrain in several Evaporation occasions. The total annual evaporation at Mackay is in excess of 2000mm. The evaporation losses for Substantial flooding occurred on February 15, each month vary considerably from summer to 2008 when 580 mm fell in 4 hours, followed by 3 winter with monthly averages of 250mm in days of 150 mm per day. The lagoon flood level January to 150mm in July. reached RL 6.0 on the morning of February 15 and has remained high since. The Gardens A theoretical net water deficit can be expected in experienced damage from water erosion in a the winter months with evaporative loses number of areas where existing drains were exceeding rainfall. January and February are the overwhelmed by the intense volume of water. wettest months of the year due to high rainfall Some steep bank slippage as well as loss of exceeding evaporative loses. established trees occurred and mulched beds on slopes without established cover received the (Source: Bureau of Meteorology) most damage, even with anchor-mat in use.
Winds Cyclone Ului impacted Mackay on March 20, Winds in the area are predominantly south- 2010. Refer to the separate detail report analysing easterly, with a strong southerly component potential influence on aspects of this Master Plan.
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3.9.3. Climate Change 3.9.3.1. National Climate Change Strategy
The following text is extracted from CHABG & BGANZ The National Strategy and Action Plan defining documents & publications. the role of botanic gardens in adapting to climate change provides a detail framework addressing Climate change is forecast to significantly and strategies, actions and projects to make the best negatively impact on the distribution and survival use of the botanic gardens in helping Australia of many plant species. The 2006 ‘Grand Canaria address climate change. The four key goals are: Declaration II on Climate Change and Plant Conservation’ identifies that “observed changes Coordinate a national safety net for Australia’s on species and ecosystems are already significant plant species through ex-situ conservation; and predictive models indicate that a substantial To represent plant species in danger of proportion of species will go extinct within 50 to 80 extinction from climate change in a seed years due to loss of suitable habitat.” If such an bank, living collection or gene bank and make outcome eventuated, the impact on humanity them available for use in species recovery would be catastrophic, and urgent action is programs. required to prevent this happening. Deliver integrated and easily accessible Botanic Gardens provide a safety net for plant information about Australia’s plant species; species through ex-situ conservation, especially To provide information to scientists and the many regional botanic gardens with their focus on community including: species environmental local species. They can play an increasingly tolerance; known and potential climate important role in community education on the change vulnerability; species-specific impact of climate change on plants, and through horticulture; and wed and disease risk research provide information about the resilience assessments, linking with biodiversity of plants to climate change. information in the Australian Virtual Herbarium. Australian Response Australia’s botanic gardens are among the first in Establish a long-term monitoring program of the world to develop a national approach to the plant responses to environment change; challenge of climate change. The eight capital city To monitor the effect of climate change botanic gardens through the Council of Heads of across Australia’s wide variety of ecosystems Australian Botanic Gardens (CHABG) prepared a using the established network of botanic national strategy to adapt to climate change which gardens throughout Australia. was endorsed by federal, state and territory environment ministers in November 2008. Increase national community awareness of climate change and facilitate effective It was noted that climate change is already responses; impacting many botanic gardens as a strategic To increase engagement of the 13 + million issue as well as for everyday operations. visitors to Australia’s botanic gardens in Measurable impacts have been recorded on the understanding climate change and what can distribution, physiology, behaviour and life cycles be done to mitigate and adapt to it. of Australia’s plants and animals and it is expected that this will only accelerate with time. These primary goals will be augmented by other important issues including: Currently the living collections contained in Australia’s 8 major capital city botanic gardens Documentation and priorities for living and the 150 regional botanic gardens contain collections – to bring together for general more than 24,000 native species; 3,800 national availability all of the information about species and regional species of Australian plants are in living collections of Australia’s Botanic lodged in seed banks; over 130 species recovery Gardens; projects are in progress as well as active Determine gaps in the ex-situ conservation involvement by Gardens in ecosystem restoration efforts to inform future collection priorities; programs. There is significant potential to benchmarking complementary collections communicate about climate change and through regional partnerships; sustainable living through targeting the 13.4 Collaboration of a coordinated and easily million visitations each year to Australia’s botanic accessible national education campaign to gardens. increase community awareness of the
importance of climate change, biodiversity
and sustainable living.
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Ideally Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens should Consequently it is vital that the Mackay Regional actively participate in this strategy ensuring that all Botanic Gardens plays a significant role in existing and particularly proposed developments assisting to preserve the species of the observe the planning, design and management environments of the CQC bioregion threatened by parameters. This response is already in progress climate change. The progressive development of and was recently reinforced by the 2009 BGANZ Meadowlands, taking cognisance of the Congress held in Mackay. implications of climate change, can be one of the most valuable and significant ways for the community to become involved and make a 3.9.4. MRBG & Climate Change positive contribution to the global effort.
It is predicted by climate change scientists with the Australian and Queensland Governments that 3.9.4.1. Potential impacts on the Botanic the Central Queensland Coast Bioregion centred Gardens around Mackay will be one of the most threatened regions in Australia. It is expected that the region It is likely that climate change will have an impact will experience an increase in the recently on many aspects of the existing and proposed experienced short, sharp and heavy rainfall development of the Botanic Gardens. events followed by longer periods of hot and dry Interpretation and application of recent climate conditions. This is a change from the traditional change investigations indicate the following monsoon climate of protracted, steady summer potential impacts which need to be considered in rainfall and mild, dry winters. ongoing planning and development:
The regional trends will generally be: Sea & river level rise Toward more extremes with less wet days Projected sea level rise of 1.1 m by 2100 and a slight increase in rainfall. along the Queensland coast; More hot weather with possible increased Higher tidal and flood levels, potential humidity and increased mean summer saltwater intrusion, longer inundation and temperatures by 2.5 - 5 degrees by 2050 as prolonged seepage around the Lagoons could compared with 1900. be expected from the Pioneer River; Increased wind strength and duration of windy Assess the immediate perimeter of the days; Lagoons to identify the impact of changing Increase in extreme weather events - water levels, flooding and salt concentration Flooding, Drought, Cyclones, Storms. on existing plant specimens and proposed Increase in evaporation; future development; Generally increase in events and extreme Existing and proposed access and circulation events structures across the Lagoons will need to be Possible decrease in minimum temperatures raised due to higher inundation levels; in winter due to browning or shading effect on upper atmosphere pollution from jets etc; Water quality Refer to the AWAP map of water availability - Determine the potential impact on the Mackay http://www.csiro.au/awap/ which illustrates Water Treatment Plant and discharge as well the graphic nature of the situation; as the viability of continued use of the freshwater bores due to changing water level The outcome of these trends is expected to be: and quality; More fire in forests; Influence on continuing siltation and related Shrinking of rainforest areas; notably high- remediation of the Lagoons; altitude cloud forest; Trends will favour some exotics / feral pest Investigate the potential impact on the species; proposed water recycling of Lagoon water Significant changes in hydrology and through the biological waterways in geomorphology of our rivers and streams; Meadowlands to increase and sustain Changes in coastal processes and impact on water quality; this is a significant mangrove and near tidal communities due to component effecting the detail planning of increased salinity, predicted sea level rises Meadowlands with the potential to require and changes to flooding regimes; major changes to the overall design Significant loss of species with specific concept; environmental requirements;
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Ex-situ conservation Consider establishing partnerships with other Botanic Gardens to establish ex-situ collections of threatened CQC bioregion species; e.g. high altitude species of Eungella in Hobart BG or Mount Tomah BG;
Wildlife Consider concerns for the impact on migratory birds, platypus and turtles using the Lagoons as habitat;
Economic impact The implications of climate change must be basic to the proposed Lagoons Catchment Hydraulic Study. The study will establish fundamental parameters relative to water management which dictate the likely costs of ongoing planning, design, development and management of the Botanic Gardens and particularly for Meadowlands.
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3.10. Structures and Artifacts
The history of the site and its uses for agriculture, parkland, and water supply purposes has left a number of structures and artefacts some of which are of local or regional relevance for preservation; the most significant are shown in the attached figure 3.06 and briefly described as follows:
Construction of stages 1 and 2 has added a number of new elements and these are described in clause 3.11:
3.10.1. Original Site Elements - 2000 A3 Meeting Hut A: EXISTING BUILDINGS A traditional style structure utilised by the Australian South Sea Islander community A1 Mackay Tourist Information Centre that forms the central focus of Balmoral the A primary promotional facility for the city southern section of the site. and also the southern gateway to the Botanic Gardens site. A4 Water Treatment Plant A complex of tanks, ponds, buildings and A2 South Sea Islander Shelter other structures comprising the water An interpretive stone and map are treatment plant at the junction of Nebo protected by a shelter the form of which is Road and Lagoon Street. derived from traditional islander architecture. A5 Amenities Block A public toilet adjacent to Nebo Road opposite the Tourist Information Centre – demolished 2006.
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A6 Pump House C2 Windmill A brick pumping station located on the A windmill south of the railway bridge western side of the lagoon - a functioning supplies water from Kaliguil Lagoon to an part of the Water Treatment Plant. artificial watercourse within the adjacent regional forest. A7 Farm Shed A small farm shed remnant of the DPI C3 Log Seat Research facility – now integrated into the A sculptural log element designated to Operations and Maintenance area. substitute as a seat.
A8 Canefields Homestead Complex C4 Islanders Memorial A traditional Queenslander style farmhouse A memorial sculpture dedicated to the and sheds located on the previously Australian South Sea Islander’s role in leasehold cane farm block beside developing the sugar industry. Alexandra Street. C5 Low Stone Walls A series of low stonewalls functioning as B: EXISTING STRUCTURES seats constructed on the southern section of the site. B1 Footbridges A number of timber footbridges provide C6 Turtle Sculpture pathway crossings of the drainage swale in A hand formed concrete sculpted turtle. the Australian South Sea Islander area. C7 Sculptural Seat B2 Culverts Two large carved head stones form the A number of culverts provide pathway and supports for timber plank seating. maintenance vehicle access drainage ways. C8 Intake Tower The remains of the original Mackay water B3 Stormwater Headwalls supply facility on Eulamere Lagoon edge. Stormwater headwalls discharge to low Adjacent to the structure is a concrete points, generally adjacent to the lagoon. footing originally supporting a steam pump. One headwall off Lagoon Street was a visually prominent stone pitched swale C9 Old Wells down to the lagoon edge – now integrated Two old well structures near the Pump into Finch Hatton Waterway. House, no longer used, backfilled and planted. B4 Decks Small timber viewing decks were located on C10 Settlement Ponds Kaliguil lagoon edge - demolished 2007; A series of four large settlement ponds and on one of the Australian South Sea used to remove particulates from backwash Islander precinct ponds. water from the treatment plant. Water overflows from the ponds into the lagoon. It B5 Bird Hide is expected that these will be redundant A bird hide screen was located beside once the water treatment plant upgrade is Kaliguil lagoon near the rail bridge - complete in 2010. demolished 2006. C11 Bores B6 Rail Bridge A series of eight underground bores in this The rail bridge spanning the southern end area tap an aquifer to supplement the town of Kaliguil lagoon is a major visual element. water supply. The aboriginal artwork on the balustrade is deteriorating to become an eyesore. C12 Measuring Flume An historic measuring flume no longer utilised. C: EXISTING SCULPTURE / ARTEFACTS C13 Rising Main Valves C1 Sculpture Gate Valves on the edge of Eulamere Lagoon A bird motif timber sculpture gate. below the Water Treatment Plant to control the Dumbleton Weir intake mains.
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each ground mark to enable measurements for a C14 Survey Calibration Line full calibration.” A series of concrete post markers with Permanent Survey Marks along the Lagoon It is a significant visual element in the Eastern Street frontage. In regular use for Escarpment section of the Botanic Gardens. The calibration of survey equipment. planning and design process has provided for the ‘Parade of Lawns’ to extend along and define the entire calibration line corridor - a series of 3m square turf plots to facilitate research to research D: EXISTING CIRCULATION and demonstarte potential new grass species and cultivars for the region. D1 Lagoon Street Carpark Formalised off-street carpark off Lagoon Street behind the Water Treatment Plant.
D2 Bikeway An existing bitumen bikeway traverses the site from Holland Street to the Tourist Information Centre. Route formalised as an integral element of stages 1 & 2.
D3 Pedestrian Paths A series of pedestrian pathways meander through the Australian South Sea Islander zone and the lowland rainforest plantings.
D4 Aboriginal Motif Paths A series of paths constructed by the Aboriginal community with pebbles embedded in the surface to create indigenous motifs.
D5 Internal Roadway & Causeway A roadway linking the Water Treatment Plant across the lagoon by causeway to the Pump House and on to Crowleys Road.
D6 Railway Underpass A tunnel below the elevated railway corridor allowing passage of the footpath/bikeway.
D7 Railway Corridor The railway crosses the site and Kaliguil Lagoon on an elevated embankment and bridge.
Survey Calibration Line
This survey line extends in a linear corridor through the entire Lagoon Street side of the Gardens basically from Nebo Road to Lansdowne Road. The Institution of Surveyors, Australia (23 April 1991) have defined the importance of this element as follows.
“The base is used by all local surveyors to calibrate their measuring equipment. It is maintained by the Department of Lands, Mackay. A clear line of sight must be maintained between
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3.10.2. New Elements – stages 1 & 2
Construction of stages 1 and 2 has added a number of new elements and these are shown in the attached figure 3.07 and briefly described as follows:
A: NEW BUILDINGS A2 The Fernery Secure shadehouse for specialised display A1 Cremorne Visitor Centre of valuable items of the collection; poles An iconic promotional structure for the city recycled from the harbour wharf are and the southern gateway to the Botanic incorporated in structure. Storage shed Gardens site. Includes Administration, constructed of old doors from the Mackay Herbarium, Meeting Room, Public Toilets, Bulk Storage facilities. “Stagforms” Gallery, Kiosk, Lagoon Deck, sculpture by Chris Trotter on inside wall.
Eungella Cloud Garden A3 Operations Centre & Nursery Central shade house component of the Complex of appropriate functional sheds Cremorne Visitor Centre, semi enclosed to and related structures assist display of rare and special species.
Finch Hatton Waterway Rainwater from the roofs of the Visitor Centre forms a downpour splashing over a B: NEW INFRASTRUCTURE basin of large rocks – effectively the source of Finch Hatton waterway. B1 Kaliguil Shelter Steel and timber structure to provide shade, seating and interpretive signage. .
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B2 Gymnosperm Decks & Ramps B8 Forest Arbour Complex set of decks, steps and ramps A series of ‘A’ frames constructed from providing access down the slope and view recycled harbour poles with tension cables lookout to the Lagoon. between to support the collection of heavy vines and lianas of the rainforest B3 Sugar Cane Wall & “Lifeforms” Sculpture B9 Under the Banyan Playgarden Three poured concrete walls textured with The initial playground component of the impressions of 11 varieties of sugar cane Children’s Garden incorporating a steel important to the sugar industry in Mackay structure inspired by the trunk branches and the winding Pioneer River to define the and roots of a Banyan Tree. main entry to the Cremorne Visitor Centre.
Sculptor Chris Trotter used locally found objects transformed into a unique sculpture C: THEME GARDENS / ARTEFACTS named “Lifeforms” integrated with the Sugar Cane Wall to suggest the wildlife and C1 Brigalow Stream fungi of Eungella. A ‘natural’ arrangement of large rocks and gravel to suggest the dry waterways of the B4 Malta Colonnade & Bocce Court Brigalow Belt A concrete and steel colonnade of arches to suggest the stone aqueducts of Malta C2 Sarina-Proserpine Walkway A serpentine ramp system down the slope A traditional Bocce court in the Malta through the Sarina-Proserpine Garden with Garden regularly used by local people of ‘fossil’ impressions of associated plants Maltese extraction.
B5 Heritage Arbour & Shelter A series of vine arbours shading a pathway leading to a large shelter for staging cultural and social events
B6 Coal Garden Sails Tension membrane sails over the Coal Garden to suggest the wings of pterosaurs flying dinosaur
B7 Eulamere Shelter & Boardwalk Steel and timber structure to provide shade, seating and interpretive signage.
C3 Gymnosperm Walkway A geometric zigzag pathway down the slope through the Gymnosperm Forest with ‘fossil’ impressions of conifers & cycads
C4 Tropical Shade Garden & Harbour Poles A specialised garden for shade tolerant plants with crushed rock pathways with groups of harbour poles to support vines and epiphytes
C5 Finch Hatton Waterway A rocky gorge with several cascades disguising the original stone pitched
stormwater outlet from West Mackay The first phase of the boardwalk and
walkway system providing for pedestrian
access across Eulamere Wetlands
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C6 Tropical Sun Garden A large area of level sunny lawns with selected shade trees used for various social and cultural events
C7 Screens & Hedges A maze-like research garden of local bioregional species with potential for use as hedges and screens
C8 Grass Plots A series of 3m square plots to research a range of turf grass species and cultivars suited for lawns in the region The plots define the survey calibration corridor.
C9 Japan Garden Regional Flora Terraces & Port Bollard A formal circular lawn with stylised surrounding landscape contained by a C15 Mackay Port Bollard textured concrete wall suggesting the rocky A steel bollard recycled from the harbour shores of the Whitsundays and Inland Sea finger wharf and donated by the Mackay of Japan Port Authority
C10 Heritage Gardens C16 Monsoon Waterway A series of cameo glimpses of local A stylised terraced concrete cascade heritage gardens, with associated vine inspired by the horizontal strata of arbours and shelter sandstone terraces to disguise the stormwater outlet from West Mackay C11 Dry Rock Walls A dry rock wall simulating the many kilometres of such walls built by the South D: NEW CIRCULATION Sea Islanders in originally clearing rocks from fields for sugar cane production. D1 Cremorne Carpark A formalised off-street carpark accessed C12 Coal Garden & Waterway from Lagoon Street and serving the A specialised journey ‘back in time’ ramping Cremorne Visitor Centre down the slope beside the Coal Waterway. The path is textured with ‘fossil’ D2 Magani Malu Kes Walkway impressions and together with the related A curvilinear walkway meandering though adjacent gardens suggest the progressive the Torres Strait Islander Garden inspired development of plants era by era. At the top by the sea current flowing through the of the slope, three concrete walls textured Island group; inlaid with mosaic tiles made with rocks, gravel and coal in patterns to by the islanders. suggest a geological cross section of the earth’s crust in which coal is found. D3 Tamarind Carpark An off-street carpark accessed from Lagoon C13 Geology Gardens Street and integrated within a grove of Three separate garden areas using locally Tamarind Trees serving the northern sourced basalt, granite and sandstone sections of the Gardens demonstrate the differing plant communities associated with the specific geology and D4 Pathway Network derived soils. A network of primary and secondary pathways has been installed to access the C14 Regional Flora Terraces site and the collection A series of interweaving ramping terraces designed to research and display specifically selected plants from other Australian regions which may be suited to establishment in the environmental conditions of Mackay
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ACTION SUMMARY: Section 3 – PHYSICAL CONDITIONS The following items extracted from this section of the 2010 Master Plan report define the principal priorities and actions recommended to ensure the continuing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens.
MP Ref: The numeric reference to the various clauses and sections in the 2010 Master Plan Priority: 1 – immediate; 2 – short term; 3 – long term Responsibility: MRC Mackay Regional Council; MRBG Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens HRG Horticultural Reference Group Friends MRBG Friends & Volunteers Herbarium MRBG Herbarium Stage 1&2 consolidation works for stages 1 & 2 Stage 3 planning and design for stage 3, Meadowlands
MP ref Item Précis Action Priority Responsibility
The site is naturally divided into three physically different topographic areas: Eastern Escarpment Lagoon Valley Western Plateau To simplify reference and orientation the site has been divided into six sections, each referred to by the name 3.0 Physical Conditions of a locally significant heritage garden 1, 2, 3 MRBG and distinguished by a colour applied to infrastructure elements. Balmoral - yellow Kaliguil - red Cremorne - purple Summerlands - pumpkin Rawson’s Hollow - green Meadowlands - blue It is important that the proposed Lagoons catchment hydrological study investigates and determines a solution to ensure the long term MCC Hydrology: viability of Eulamere Boardwalk as 3.3 1, 2, 3 MRBG flooding; water quality; well as the planned development for stage 3 the associated Eulamere wetlands and lagoons system with specific reference to flood levels and water quality. Continue to encourage participation by Cultural Aspects: the various cultural groups in the Aboriginal; development of the Botanic Gardens MRBG European settlement; through specialised establishment, 3.6 1, 2, 3 stage 1, 2 Maltese community; demonstration and interpretation of stage 3 Australian South Sea Islanders; cultural traditions associated with Torres Strait Islanders specific application in botany, horticulture and lifestyle The site contains no remnant existing vegetation; progressively remove introduced exotic species as the new 3.7 Existing Vegetation 1, 2, 3 MRBG collection species mature – except for those identified with specific botanic or cultural relevance. Native plant species, representative of regional plant communities (Regional Ecosystems), were planted during the Phase One Botanic Gardens 3.7.3 1990’s in the initial development stage. MRBG Plantings These plantings are now well established (2009) and provide a pseudo natural element to complement
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the research, development and display of many of the same species located elsewhere in the Botanic Gardens. The Lagoons reserve is considered an important bird habitat and retention of existing values as well as expansion of habitat within the site are encouraged. Encourage the establishment of the MCC 3.8 Fauna 1 open space corridor along the MRBG Lagoons, upstream and downstream from the Botanic Gardens, to significantly extend wildlife habitat linking with the riparian terraces along the Pioneer River. The Mackay region has a typically humid, tropical maritime climate. The Climate and Microclimate: major climatic elements are rainfall, MRBG Sunshine, rainfall, temperature, 3.9 temperature, humidity, evaporation, 1, 2, 3 stage 1, 2 humidity, air movement, floods, winds and cyclones. Ensure all of these stage 3 cyclones. influences are considered in the planning and design of the gardens. It is predicted by climate change scientists with the Australian and Queensland Governments that the Mackay Region will experience an increase in short, sharp and heavy rainfall events followed by longer periods of hot and dry conditions. MRBG 3.9.4 Climate Change 1, 2 ,3 Consequently it is vital that MRBG Stage 3 plays a significant role in assisting to preserve the species of the environments of the CQC bioregion threatened by climate change; specifically relative to the progressive development of Meadowlands. The history of the site and its uses for agriculture, parkland, and water supply purposes has left a number of MRBG structures and artefacts some of which 3.10 Structures & Artefacts 1, 2, 3 Stage 1, 2 are of local or regional relevance for Stage 3 preservation; Construction of stages 1 and 2 has added a number of new elements;
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Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
4.4 MASTER PLANNING guidelines adopted by Botanic Gardens Australia and New Zealand (BGANZ) and PROCESS Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); This section describes the planning and design parameters applied to the various elements To identify and promote the potential of the incorporated into both the existing (stages 1 & 2) regional flora in ornamental horticulture; and future phases of development of the Botanic Gardens under the following headings: To propagate and grow threatened flora for its preservation and research; Access & Circulation; Buildings and Structures; To establish themed displays that increase Specialised Structures; knowledge and appreciation of plants through Other Elements; cultivation, research and interpretation; Site Infrastructure; Management Generally; To engage and be recognised by the Eastern Precincts Consolidation; community, our visitors and the wider botanical Meadowlands Development. and horticultural fraternities for botanical & horticultural excellence; The ongoing development of the Gardens is recommended to be divided into two phases: To identify and where feasible and/or appropriate, incorporate specific environments complete and consolidate the initial that do not occur on the Lagoons site as development works in stages 1 & 2, and annexes in order to provide optimum progressively plan, design and establish stage opportunity for research and development; 3 – Meadowlands. To establish and maintain an invaluable The main components for each of these stages community facility that enhances lifestyle and have been grouped together under separate assists in establishing a strong ‘sense of place’ headings at the end of Section 4. through the use of regional plant species;
4.1. The Basis for the Gardens 4.1.2. Principal Elements
4.1.1. Vision, Mission & Objectives The site inventory process has identified a number of elements, which specifically influence site planning for the continuing development of Vision Statement the Botanic Gardens. The resultant Master Plans To be recognised by the community, our visitors build on the existing site elements and and the wider botanical and horticultural environments to create a specialised facility with a wide range of research, development and display fraternities as a responsible repository of opportunities for environmental, botanical and Australian plants, particularly those of the horticultural initiatives. surrounding bioregion.
The 2000 Master Plan defines the planning Our Mission concept adopted for the initial development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens. We are committed to manage and operate the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens to display, The 2010 Master Plan augments the original preserve, research and interpret the botanical and document to specifically identify the consolidation horticultural values of the regional flora in a facility of the initial stages for construction and develops that enhances public enjoyment while increasing the planning concept for the expansion across the knowledge of and cultural links to the plant lagoons to Meadowlands. kingdom. The following are the principal procedures and Principal Objectives elements as set out in the 2000 Master Plan, all of which still apply to the 2010 Master Plan: To work towards key aims of sustainability, conservation and education about flora under
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Accentuate the importance of the approach to qualities of the Botanic Gardens. The overall site the Botanic Gardens by appropriate for the Botanic Gardens naturally divides streetscape treatment along the access roads, topographically into three main areas. Each has particularly along Nebo Road and Lagoon characteristic physical attributes offering specific Street; opportunities and functions. Define the arrival locations to the Botanic Gardens by suitable ‘gateway’ treatments at Refer to Figure 3.01 – Section 3 each site entry; Establish a dense visual barrier of landform Topographic Area Reference and vegetation to screen and reveal the Botanic Gardens site from the adjacent road, Area A EASTERN ESCARPMENT industry and residential uses; Continues along the entire eastern edge of the Incorporate specialised hydraulic and water escarpment along Nebo Road and Lagoon Street management elements within the site to extending down to the lagoon edge – subdivided maximise water quality and availability into South, Southeast, Central, Northeast & North. integrated with specialised environments for water related plant communities; Area B LAGOON VALLEY Establish a specialised Visitor Centre to Continues along the entire lagoon valley from provide optimum facilities for administration, Ram Chandra Drive in the south to Lansdowne information, interpretation and to encourage Road to the north including the Water Treatment environmental awareness; the structure to Plant settling ponds and bore field. provide a strong physical and visual association with the Botanic Gardens; Area C WESTERN PLATEAU Establish a nursery, operations and Continues along the entire western edge of the maintenance facility off Crowleys Road across escarpment along Alexandra Street and extending the Lagoons from the Cremorne Visitor Centre; down to the lagoon edge. Link the Lagoon Street carpark to the Cremorne Visitor Centre by a specialised orientation walkway and gardens; Section Reference Establish primary, secondary and tertiary circulation elements (trails, paths, roads, In order to simplify reference and orientation to boardwalks, viewing tower and canopy walks) specific areas of the site, and as an aid to to provide access throughout and appreciation orientation and interpretation, the site has been of the Botanic Gardens and the plant overlaid by a geometric grid of six sections. Each collection; section is referred to by its geographic location Preserve and develop the existing remnant on and also named after of one the more significant site plant communities; establish other local heritage gardens of the 19th and 20th appropriate bioregional plant communities and centuries to commemorate the early history of undertake research and development of their gardening in the region. horticultural potential;
Develop specialised display and demonstration South Section Balmoral gardens on various identified areas of the site Southeast Section Kaliguil which research and illustrate the potential of Central Section Cremorne the bioregional flora (as well as selected Northeast Section Summerlands introduced native flora) for use in amenity North Section Rawson’s Hollow horticulture; West Section Meadowlands Develop a series of axes, vistas, viewpoints and lookouts related to the visual context of The principal functional element or plant collection the site to enhance appreciation and site theme zones in each section are scheduled orientation; below. Each section / precinct / garden / bed has Provide appropriate facilities which encourage been allocated a numeric reference primarily used increased use of the Botanic Gardens by the to aid in site reference and location through the general community and by youth particularly. plant collection database as well as to assist the interpretive and information signage.
4.1.3. Site Planning References Clause 5.7.1 includes a current list of the sections, precincts and gardens contained in the collection, The 2000 Master Plan identified and defined the complete with the related numeric reference specific site areas and elements which will system. progressively create the overall character and
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South Section Balmoral Balmoral commemorates the sugar mill located 20 Tropical Sun Garden close to the site of the former Sugar Research 21 Demonstration & Theme Gardens Institute opposite the Tourist Information Centre 22 Australian Regional Flora - subtropical and Australian South Sea Islander Precinct. 23 Regional Arboretum 24 Eulamere Regional Wetlands 1 Mackay Tourist Information Centre Eulamere commemorates the Webster 2 Australian South Sea Islander Precinct family garden in Lagoon Street; ‘Eula’ is an 3 Grassland Wildlife Habitat aboriginal word for happiness and ‘mere’ is 4 Regional Forests an old English word for lake. The family referred to the lagoon as Julia’s Lake – after Charles Webster’s wife. Southeast Section Kaliguil Kaliguil the aboriginal word meaning ‘fresh water lagoon’ commemorates the extensive gardens North Section Rawson’s Hollow established by the McBurney family, early settlers Commemorates the Rawson family gardens at on section 1 at the corner of Webberley Street Mirani known as ‘The Hollow’, now the Kinchant and Nebo Road; the family noted the thousands of Dam site; the gardens were extensive and used a blue water lilies on the Kaliguil Lagoon, as well as wide range of exotic plants including: bamboo; many Pandanus in the area. vines – Beaumontia, Bouganvillea, Quisqualis; November Lily, Poinciana, Hymenocallis, 5 Indigenous Garden pineapple, raspberries, granadilla, tree ferns, Aloe 6 Regional Rainforest vera, annuals, orange trees, Breadfruit. Excellent 7 Brigalow Belt photos of the gardens are available in the Council 8 Ethno-botany Library collection. 9 Sarina-Proserpine 10 Clarke-Connors Ranges 25 Australian Regional Flora – tropical 11 Nebo Road Focus Garden 26 Torres Strait Islands Garden 12 World Regional Flora 27 Under the Banyan Playgarden 28 Eulamere field 29 Varroville Arboretum Central Section Cremorne Varroville commemorates the Kemmis Cremorne commemorates the extensive gardens family garden - lot 27 Lagoon Street. The of John Greenwood Barnes on the north side of family imported many varieties of exotic the Pioneer River. Baron Ferdinand von Mueller species to trial and grow in their extensive (Curator, Royal Botanic Garden, Melbourne 1857- garden. 1873) and Barnes worked together in the research and development for plant introductions into 30 Manifold Heath gardens. Effectively they established Cremorne as Manifold a southern outlier subregion of the a private botanic garden. Excellent photos of the Central Queensland Coast Bioregion is an gardens are available from the Council Library area of parabolic dunes and sand plains collection. north of Yeppoon, dominantly shrublands and paperbark forests. 13 Coastal Headlands 14 Gymnosperm Forest 31 Byfield 15 Palm Walk Byfield a southern outlier subregion of the 16 Tropical Shade Garden Central Queensland Coast Bioregion is an 17 Cremorne Visitor Centre area of low to steep hilly country dominantly 18 Orientation Garden eucalypt forest and scattered notophyll 19 Finch Hatton Waterway rainforest
It is unlikely that representative collections of Northeast Section Summerlands Manifold Heath and Byfield will be created on site as there are many environmental constraints and Summerlands commemorates the Marsh family as well, the Lagoon Catchment study will be a garden - lots 62/72 Lagoon Street - which had major site use determinant. However many of the extensive gardens; Marsh was mayor of Mackay species have potential for use in ornamental in 1878. Excellent photos of the gardens are horticulture and selected species could be available from the Council Library collection. established in the Bioregional Flora Collection ref Photos indicate a selection of unusual plants, # 36 below. croquet lawn, fernery and formal gardens.
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West Section Meadowlands However, it is fundamentally important to ensure Meadowlands commemorates the sugar mill that the initial development process creates an located on the western side of the lagoons in the appropriately sized and high quality facility, which immediate area of the former Acclimatisation is of manageable extent and within identified Gardens / DPI Research Station in Crowleys budget allocations. It would be counter productive Road - T. Henry FitzGerald was owner of the mill. to ‘spread the effort and the dollars’ thinly The section includes the land along Alexandra throughout the site, which would only serve to Street to Lansdowne Road once farmed by the dilute the overall impact and quality of experience Flor family for sugar cane. by first time visitors.
32 Riverine Bird Habitat 33 Water Supply Meadows Stages one and two basically complete the works 34 Acclimatisation Research Garden as identified in the 2000 Master Plan. The 35 Operations and Research Nursery principal components include: 36 Bioregional Flora Collection 37 Meadowlands Centre Stage One (2001 – 2003): 38 Riverine Corridor Landform and infrastructure Primary circulation Eulamere Boardwalk 4.1.4. Development Sequence Brigalow Belt Sarina-Proserpine Garden The initial site development commenced with Tropical Shade Garden garden construction and associated plantings, as Cremorne Visitor Centre defined by the 1991 Lagoons Reserve Master Orientation Gardens Plan, and the development of the Australian South Finch Hatton Waterway Sea Islander Precinct. Representative species of Tropical Sun Garden the principal regional ecosystems planted during Malta Garden the 1990’s were well established prior to the 2000 Regional Trees Master Plan. Lagoon Street Gardens
Screens and Hedges Phase One (1990’s) Japan Garden Australian South Sea Islander Precinct Torres Strait Islander Garden Regional Forests Regional Rainforests Stage two (2004 – 2006): Lagoon Street Carpark
The Fernery The 2000 Master Plan suggested a sequence of Palm Walk development identified through an itemised estimate for construction and a suggested Gymnosperm Forest allocation year by year over a progressively Monocot Collection determined period. Stages one and two have Demonstration Gardens been virtually completed. Heritage Gardens Coal Garden It should be understood that master plan Geology Gardens documents and related estimates are only tools to Forest Arbour assist progressive development and are always Australian Regional Flora Terraces subject to change and revision as specific detail Monsoon Waterway planning or budget changes identify constraints Eulamere Wetlands and opportunities. Under the Banyan Play Garden
It is important to realise that the progressive Stage three comprises: development of the Gardens will be a long-term Completion and consolidation of stages one & two process and influenced as much by successful as well as the commencement of planning, design marketing and promotion as the quality of its and construction of Meadowlands, as set out later botanic and horticultural components. It is in this 2010 Master Plan report. anticipated that although the core of this Botanic Gardens may be well established in ten years, For specific detail refer development will be continuing for many clause 4.8 Eastern Escarpment Consolidation generations to come. clause 4.9 Meadowlands Development
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4.2. Access and Circulation 4.2.1.1. Primary Pedestrian Circulation
4.2.1. Pedestrian Circulation The primary pedestrian network will originate at the Cremorne Visitor Centre and Gardens The network of pathway trails and circuits is Administration, providing links to all areas of the planned throughout the principal garden areas to Botanic Gardens. The network comprises a series link the Cremorne Visitor Centre with the various of circuits planned to facilitate optimum and equal site components. The network comprises a pedestrian access. Circuits will range in distances hierarchy of pathways. from approximately 500m to 2.0km.
The pedestrian circulation system has been Sections of the primary pedestrian circulation planned relative to the site constraints and the system use the same route or are closely related plant collections to provide a range of differing to the maintenance road circuit network. The experiences via a primary, secondary and tertiary primary path network should be approximately 3 – path network. The pathway network forms a 3.5m wide to facilitate access by larger groups series of circuits with varying themes and lengths (schools and tours) as well as allow access for to create interest and diversity for visitors. This maintenance vehicles. The surface may vary from network is to be progressively planned in detail as high quality paved areas in close proximity to the an integral element of the design development Visitor Centre to timber boardwalks, gravel process for the various botanic, horticultural and pathways and lawns (initially). The entire primary garden areas throughout the Botanic Gardens. circulation network should be accessible to the disabled. Site topography requires that various innovative and safe methods be designed to provide equal Multifunction Access Corridor (proposed) access opportunities for visitors of all ages and The fundamental circulation element of Stage capabilities. three - Meadowlands is a major multifunction access corridor traversing the western sections of the site from Lansdowne Road to Ram Chandra
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.5 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Drive and the future western suburbs. This ramp up along the western escarpment to rejoin corridor will provide the main access for the Central Gardens Circuit (Path A) at maintenance and emergency vehicles, Meadowlands Focus. pedestrians and potentially a trunk bikeway, consequently requiring wider and more The final route depends on the resolutions of the specialised treatment. Lagoons Catchment study to determine the extent and type of development possible in the Eulamere Path A: Central Gardens Circuit – 1,900 m Lagoon wetlands. This circuit provides a quick appreciation of the main central area of the Gardens, passing through Path C Southern Gardens Path - 800 m the principal zones of interest. The path This path links the Cremorne Visitor Centre to the commences at the Cremorne Visitor Centre, Australian South Sea Islander Precinct and the continues past the Malta Garden down through Mackay Tourist Information Centre. The path the Japan Garden to the Outdoor Education area; diverges from the Central Gardens Circuit (Path then via the Eulamere Wetland Boardwalk to the A) south of the Gymnosperm Forest and Meadowland Terraces and Tower Focus which continues through the Clarke-Connors Ranges provides access to the Meadowlands Centre zone, then along the Sarina-Proserpine Lowlands Precinct through the CQC Bioregion Collections zone through the Ethno-botany Garden and (this section combines with Path F the Regional Rainforests to the Kaliguil Lagoon edge Multifunction Access Corridor); then down the path under the railway bridge; then through the slope crossing the lagoon lowlands by the Regional Forests to the Australian South Sea Causeway, returning north along the Lagoon Islander Precinct and on to the Mackay Tourist through the Gymnosperm Forest and back to the Information Centre. Cremorne Visitor Centre. Path D Meadowlands Focus Path B Northern Gardens Circuit – 1,250 m This is a specialised circulation element which This circuit links with the Central Gardens Circuit provides access up the western escarpment from (Path A) providing an alternative and longer route the Eulamere Boardwalk to Meadowlands; the around the northern perimeter of Eulamere structure is a series of ramps, terraces and an Lagoon and wetlands. The route diverges from integrated observation tower allowing for equal Path A at the Japan Garden, continuing along the access; the structure is integrated with the upper level, meandering beside Lagoon Street specifically constructed abstract escarpment and through a series of demonstration gardens to the terraced waterfall cascading down into Eulamere Torres Strait Islands Garden, then through the Lagoon from the waterways through the CQC upper sections of the picnic and recreation Bioregion Collection. precinct to the pedestrian crossing at Lansdowne Road roundabout (this section of the pathway is Path E: Meadowlands Circuit – 1200m shared with the bikeway). Pathway circuit commencing at the Meadowlands Centre following contour RL 11m around the Path B continues across the northern section of perimeter of the CQC bioregion collection to Eulamere Lagoon to Meadowlands, commencing traverse most of the site areas and gardens. It just east of the bridge on Lansdowne Road, links with the Meadowlands Focus precinct and following south around the lower contours of the the Alexandra Street Carpark eastern escarpment, sweeping around the lagoon flats field recreation area then crossing Eulamere Path F Multifunction Access Corridor Lagoon by bridge; the route then gently ramps up This is planned as the principal access route for along the western embankment of the lagoon to the third stage of the development providing for meet Path A at Meadowlands Focus. To connect construction, maintenance and emergency the upper and lower sections of Path B, a linking vehicles as well as for a pedestrian and bikeway path ramps down the slope adjacent the Play corridor. The route commences at Lansdowne Garden to provide maintenance vehicle access to Road just east of the waterway crossing, Rawson’s Hollow, Eulamere Wetlands and traverses along the lower slopes of the eastern Meadowlands – this route is part of Path F, the escarpment, around the Eulamere field recreation Multifunction Access Corridor. area to cross the waterway by a new bridge linking with the Meadowlands Focus; the corridor The 2000 Master Plan provided for the Northern then traverses along the western escarpment past Gardens Circuit to traverse down the slope just the Meadowlands Centre and through the western past the Regional Flora Terraces then cross the lagoon flats to a new crossing over Kaliguil proposed Boating Pond and continue through the Lagoon providing access beside the grassland proposed Byfield / Manifold Sand Garden; then bird habitat to the Australian South Sea Islander
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Precinct; a western spur link follows along the DEMONSTRATION GARDENS – NORTH upstream lagoons toward the future residential Cremorne, Summerlands and industrial areas of Racecourse and Te Kowai and Peak Downs Highway. A trunk bikeway along Holland Street Link – 110 m this route is suggested by the Mackay Bikeway Pathway linking Holland Street with Path B and Plan. Path A down the slope to the Eulamere Wetland Boardwalk.
4.2.1.2. Secondary Pedestrian Circulation McKenzie Street Link – 60 m Pathway linking McKenzie Street with Path B at This secondary network basically integrates with the Torres Strait Islands Garden. the primary circulation system but offers more variety of experience and indirect access between Coastal Communities Trail - 300 m different plant communities and display areas. Pathway linking Path A, Eulamere Boardwalk and Equal access should be available throughout this Path B along the coastal collections of the pathway network system. However it is possible Eulamere Lagoon shoreline. that site constraints may preclude this is in some locations. LAGOON VALLEY This secondary pathway system should be Kaliguil & Eulamere approximately 2 to 2.5m wide to accommodate smaller groups and individuals. The surface would The following circulation links depend on the vary relative to specific site zones function and resolutions of the Lagoons Catchment study to plant community character. determine the extent and type of development and circulation possible in the Eulamere Lagoon wetland. VISITOR CENTRE PRECINCT Cremorne Eulamere Walkway - 400 m Walkway extending from Path B below the Lagoon Street Footpath – 400 m Regional Flora Terraces crossing the Torres Strait A pathway extending along Lagoon Street Wetlands by bridge then following the raised footpath (outside the botanic gardens) from Nebo roadway across the Eulamere flats to the Road past the Water Treatment Plant to the Eulamere Boardwalk to terminate at the wildlife existing carpark providing access to the Visitor observation decks at the edge of Eulamere Centre Orientation Walkway, on to the bus bay / Lagoon. loading zone and then connecting to Paths A & B. The following links contained in the 2000 Master Plan provide access across Lagoon Creek from the eastern site sections to Meadowlands. Current information suggests that the boat pond and associated works will be unlikely, however northern access is desirable. Refer to the 2000 Master Plan drawing – Northern Precinct MP11
Boat Pond Jetty Link - 210 m Pathway linking Lagoon Street down the slope from the Torres Strait Islands Garden linking with Path B then around the semicircular Boat Pond.
Boat Pond Jetty – 70 m Pathway linking Path B across the heathland to the jetties serving the Model Boat Pond and up Nebo Road footpath the slope to Meadowlands.
This path is an important physical and visual component of the formal approach to the Botanic CQC BIOREGION COLLECTION Gardens from Nebo Road. Meadowlands
The following access routes will be defined by the site planning and design development process
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.7 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens directly related to the bioregional collection in DEMONSTRATION GARDENS – SOUTH Meadowlands. The three main routes shall Kaliguil basically follow along a site contour to provide optimum equal access. It is expected that final Aboriginal Trails - 250 m circulation will be similar to the network illustrated Existing pathway network extending from Path C on figure 4.06. through Indigenous Garden and the Riverine Rainforest. Path D: Meadowlands Circuit - contour 11m This is designated as a primary circulation Intake Tower Lookout - 30 m pathway circuit commencing at the Meadowlands Pathway extending from Path A as a bridge to a Centre following around the perimeter of the CQC high level lookout constructed around the old bioregion collection to traverse most of the Intake Tower structure. It is intended to replicate collection areas and gardens. It links with the this heritage bridge structure which was part of Meadowlands Focus precinct and the Alexandra the original water treatment plant. Street Carpark Coastal Headlands - 150 m Central Circuit – contour 10m Ramping pathways linking Path A and the Pathway circuit commences from the central bikeway integrated with the retaining walls and Meadowlands shelter focus then traverses the terraces to be constructed as part of the Mackay open forest areas and undulating lawns of the Water embankment stabilization works. central areas. 4.2.1.3. Tertiary Pedestrian Circulation Waterway Circuit – contour 9m Pathway circuit traversing the collections located The third circulation network forms a sometimes in the lower site sections surrounding the complex system of small paths, steps and ramps waterway system. providing access within the various communities. The routes are specifically integrated with the Southern Link - 180 m detail design of the community and consequently Pathway linking the Crowleys Road carpark will be constructed in a range of materials though the perimeter forest to the Meadowlands appropriate to the specific character. The paths Shelter, then meandering along the stream and will be of varying width, generally narrow and cascades to the lake edge Waterway Circuit. where necessary incorporating steps and other informal access methods. Not all paths will be Meadowlands Link - 100 m able to meet the equal access standards given the Pathway linking the Multifunction Access Corridor steep site topography of some areas. (path F), Meadowlands Circuit (path E) with the Meadowlands Centre and the other main circuit 4.2.1.4. Bicycle Routes paths of the CQC Bioregion Collection (h), Central (i) and Waterway (j). The trunk bikeway system traverses the Botanic Gardens site from south (Ram Chandra Drive) to north (Lansdowne Road). The bikeway has been CQC BIOREGION COLLECTION - SOUTH retained but two sections of the route have been Balmoral modified to ensure optimum integration and minimise safety problems and unnecessary Grassland Link - 250 m disruption to the principal areas and functions of Pathway linking Path C along the edge of the the Gardens. grassland area then up the slopes to the South Sea Islander Precinct. The use of bikes as a transport method within the gardens is not considered appropriate. Issues of This is an important and significant bird safety as well as site topography and slopes are a observation opportunity. It is planned that this limiting factor. route will link with the Multifunction Access Corridor by a new bridge across the lagoons just Route S: Southern Section – 1,200 m upstream of the rail bridge The bikeway enters the Gardens off Ram Chandra Drive through the Australian South Sea Regional Rainforest Link- 200 m Islander Precinct and through the tunnel under the Existing loop pathway extending from Path C railway embankment; it continues through the through the Regional Rainforest zone. Ethno-botany Garden then traverses along the lower sections of the edge toward the Cremorne Visitor Centre Precinct.
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Route N: Northern Section - 900 m to access the site through the designated entry The bikeway continues along the lower section of points. The site circulation network will link the Eulamere Lagoon edge under the high level Operations and Maintenance facility with most Cremorne Visitor Centre Lagoon Lookout; it areas of the Gardens where topography allows. continues up the slope to cross Path A at the Japan Garden and on to join with Path B at the Lagoon Street level where it continues as a 4.2.2.1. Access - Eastern Sections shared use route until the Play Garden area where the bikeway diverges to continue to Existing vehicle access to the site is limited to Lansdowne Road. maintenance, garbage collection and emergency use, and restricted to the following locations. Multifunction Access Corridor Bikeway Private vehicles are prohibited on site: This major multiuse corridor traverses the western sections from Lansdowne Road to Ram Chandra Route A: Water Treatment Plant - Causeway Drive with potential for extension to the expanding Access from Lagoon Street through the Water western suburbs. This route is proposed as the Treatment Plant; down the slope to the causeway major bike access through the Botanic Gardens across the Lagoons to Crowleys Road; access site – a trunk bikeway along this route is through the Treatment Plant is restricted to suggested by the Mackay Bikeway Plan. Once Mackay Water vehicles. constructed this bikeway will significantly reduce (or supersede) the use of the bikeway (routes S & Route B: Palm Walk - Causeway N) currently traversing the Eastern Sections. From Lagoon Street through Palm Walk – access down the slope north to the lower lagoon edge 4.2.2. Vehicle Access to Site walkway; and south along the top of the escarpment beside the Water Treatment Plant; The primary vehicle and pedestrian circulation continuing down the slope to the lower lagoon network to be designed to accommodate gardens edge walkway south; construction, emergency, garbage collection and maintenance vehicles. These vehicles will be able
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.9 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Route C: Tamarind - Eulamere access associated with the Cremorne and Meadowlands From Lagoon Street through the Tamarind Visitor Centres together with a designated parking carpark – access to the upper levels of the area for several large vehicles. It is important to eastern sections; and down the slope south to the service increasing visitation by tourists driving Eulamere Lagoon foreshore pathway and north to large camper vans and towing caravans by link with the Multifunction Access Corridor; providing suitable access and appropriately sized parking bays. Five locations logically related to 4.2.2.2. Access – Meadowlands specific existing or planned facilities have been identified for on-site parking. Vehicle access to this section of the site is available from perimeter locations providing Shared Carpark potential opportunity suitable access to most areas of the gardens. Initial investigations were made to determine the Primary pedestrian circulation has been planned possibility of constructing additional carparking on to follow contour lines where possible, available Water Treatment Plant land for parking consequently maintenance and emergency spaces jointly shared by Botanic Gardens and vehicles will be able to use these routes along Water Plant visitors to accommodate expanded most of their length. operations and education developments on both sites. The opportunity remains a possibility for Route D. Alexandra Street access discussion and resolution. From Alexandra Street – two locations provide access to Meadowlands linking with the Potential shared carpark opportunity Multifunction Access Corridor, then across the proposed lagoon bridge, across Eulamere Parking 1: Cremorne Visitor Centre Carpark wetlands linking with the eastern sections; The existing carpark accessed from Lagoon Street has been upgraded to be the main facility Route E: Crowleys Road access for the Cremorne Visitor Centre, however it is still The existing road access from Alexandra Street undersize. It is not possible to increase the size continues down Crowleys Road providing access further without major loss of collection space thus to the Operations, Maintenance and Nursery compromising the viability of the Visitor Centre Precinct and the water supply facilities on the and substantiating the future development of the Kaliguil Lagoon lowlands and to the causeway. Meadowlands Centre. Parking integrated with buffer forest Route F. Multifunction Access Corridor Parking 2: Tamarind Carpark Initial planning has identified the need and A second off-street carpark in Lagoon Street desirability of establishing a multiuse access located within the grove of Tamarind trees just corridor traversing through the Botanic Gardens north of Mackenzie Street has been temporarily from Lansdowne Road south to Ram Chandra established and will be reconstructed and Drive and also linking to the expanding western extended. suburbs upstream. This proposed corridor, to be used by pedestrians as well as for construction, Parking 3: Lagoon Street Parking maintenance and emergency vehicles, is planned Limited kerbside parking is available along both to be the major circulation spine through the sides of Lagoon Street as a result of the recent northern section of the Eastern Escarpment and upgrading of the roadway. Heavy traffic through Meadowlands. movement introduces safety issues which underlines the need to provide for future parking Route G: South Sea Islander Precinct in Alexandra Street and fencing to Lagoon Street. Ram Chandra Drive provides access to the carpark; from this point maintenance vehicles can Parking 4: Meadowlands Carparks access the primary pedestrian circulation system; Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road provide an Alexandra Street (south) provides access to the excellent opportunity to establish substantial new western section of Kaliguil Lagoon and the carparking facilities (approx 500 spaces) to serve Grassland Bird habitat. the overall Botanic Gardens and particularly Meadowlands, the Meadowlands Centre and the 4.2.2.3. Parking Meadowlands Events precincts.
It is vitally important to provide sufficient on-site 4.2.2.4. Additional Circulation Links parking for day to day visitation and for staff, and to consider also adequate provision for occasional Analysis of the gardens following construction of large events. In addition allowance needs to be stages one and two has revealed the need for a made for access by coaches to set down areas number of circulation links located to allow
Page 4 10 MRBG section 4.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens optimum maintenance access throughout the site. These interconnecting loop sections will facilitate future people mover routes around the gardens.
The extensions to the circulation routes shall have a minimum turning radius of 4 metres to accommodate the maintenance vehicles currently in use. These additional links are as follows:
Railway embankment - access Maintain the tracks along the boundary fence each side of the railway embankment to provide access for maintenance vehicles without the need to use formal pathways. Ethno-botany Precinct – loop path Kaliguil Lagoon foreshore – east access The northern railway embankment track also provides for access to the Kaliguil Lagoon World Regional Flora – loop path foreshore for periodic removal of aquatic weeds and Intake Tower Lookout and will need to be linked to the new Regional Provide a semicircular loop adjacent to Nebo Rainforests loop path and bridge. Road to provide for sealed maintenance vehicle access; the section closely associated with the Rain Trees may need to be boardwalk to protect Regional Rainforests - bridge & loop the root systems. This route has been planned as Provide a bridge over the waterway just north of an integral component of the World Regional the railway embankment, linking the bikeway with Flora garden. the existing path system. NEBO ROAD
WORLD REGIONAL FLORA
Intake Tower Coastal Headlands bridge & lookout access
The replica heritage bridge spanning to the intake tower on the lagoon edge commences from a
terrace, retaining wall, steps & path, all integrated
with the revised circulation system.
Coastal Headlands - access This loop system also integrates with the embankment stabilisation works - reconstructed Regional Rainforests – bridge & loop path roadways, slopes and retaining walls; the access requires a ramping ‘S’ bend and associated retaining structures to provide maintenance vehicle access.
Ethno-botany – loop path Cremorne Visitor Centre - lower path Provide a semicircular loop linking the bikeway to The lower path requires immediate widening the lagoon edge walkway (Path C). This route has under the deck structure to allow maintenance been planned as an integral component of the vehicles sufficient clearance. A retaining wall is Ethno-botany Precinct. necessary to modify the slope and provide sufficient horizontal and vertical clearance.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.11 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Eulamere Wetlands – north access Maintenance access route from Lansdowne Road New retaining wall to Eulamere Wetlands around the foot of the embankment and linking up the slope adjacent to the Monsoon Waterway;
Eulamere to Meadowlands – bridge Maintenance access route extending from the Eulamere Wetlands access then crossing the lagoon by bridge to Meadowlands.
Retaining wall and extended path under Visitor Centre
Cremorne Visitor Centre – Garbage collection Consideration needs to be given to the methods of garbage collection, as well as the location and removal of bins and skips, so as not to visually intrude into the Gardens while retaining optimum Maintenance functional relationships. This is particularly access stage 1 important relative to the Lagoons Cafe.
Tropical Sun Garden - access An occasional vehicle access way from Lagoon Street around the Tropical Sun Garden is necessary to service set up for specific events on the lawns. The path will commence adjacent to Maintenance the bus bay & loading zone, curving around the access stage 2 lawn perimeter to link with the main path beyond Finch Hatton waterway. The construction of the third module of the Cremorne Visitor Centre will necessitate redesign of the access.
Timber Trees – loop path Provide a semicircular loop just north of the Forest Arbour linking Path B along Lagoon Street to the central path along the Geology Gardens. This route to be planned as an integral component of the Bioregional Arboretum (previously the Timber Tree Forest collection – now to be accessed by a MEADOWLANDS theme trail throughout the Gardens) FOCUS & BRIDGE
Eulamere Lagoon foreshore – east access Maintenance access to the lagoon foreshore for periodic removal of aquatic weeds is necessary from the ‘headland’ below the Screens and Hedges Garden and from the south side of Eulamere Shelter.
Eulamere Lagoon foreshore – west access Maintenance access to the lagoon foreshore, for periodic removal of aquatic weeds, is necessary from the proposed Meadowlands pathway network upstream from the Causeway along the base of the escarpment.
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4.2.2.5. On Site Transport System
The potential to establish a specialised transport system using the circuit road network and sections of the primary pedestrian network presents an opportunity for entrepreneurial involvement in the Botanic Gardens and a potential revenue source. Such a facility will assist visitation by providing ease of access throughout the extensive and topographically varied site as well as effectively creating a ‘ride’, which will appeal to all age groups.
The identified loop pathways will provide for improved circulation by ‘road train’ type vehicles throughout the established gardens of the eastern sections and ultimately inclusion of Meadowlands circulation into the circuit.
The transport system would be used primarily on weekends and special days. The system could be integrated with the Tourist Information Centre and ultimately extend to the Racecourse Sugar Mill to provide the opportunity to ‘interpret’ the relationship between the Botanic Gardens and adjoining areas of interest.
Rubber tyred ‘road train’ transport system
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.13 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
4.3. Buildings and Structures The structures as listed hereafter are staged into the overall development schedule. The related 4.3.1. Eastern Sections specifically descriptions outline the optimum physical parameters for, and the functional relationships of, Specific structures are necessary to enable a the various building structures and other related Botanic Gardens to function adequately in serving elements. scientific, education, recreation and tourism requirements. The elements shown on the 2000 These elements, their specific functions and Master Plan and described hereafter are provided related areas, are indicative and will require for the core Botanic Garden, initially developed in preparation of specific briefs to inform detail the eastern sections. design and construction.
4.3.2. Regional & Site Specific Design 4.3.3. Cremorne Visitor Centre It is proposed that all of these functional structures be designed to be architecturally integrated into The Cremorne Visitor Centre is planned as a the surroundings within the constraints set by their group of three buildings with varying functions, particular functional requirements. The traditional designed with one overall architectural theme to climate responsive, tropical “Queenslander” style create a unified complex that expresses its role as of architecture (or a derivative), typical of the the key centre for the Botanic Gardens. region, would be most appropriate for the structures. Generally, it is recommended that The Visitor Centre is designed to carefully materials used should be in harmony with the integrate the structure with its position in the colours and textures of the natural materials of the eastern lagoon slopes, available views and vistas, site with particular reference to the built heritage existing trees, its surroundings, and in direct character of the Mackay region. Planning, design, response to the specific requirements of the construction and management procedures should associated botanic, horticultural and landscape all demonstrate optimum sustainability principles. functions.
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The Visitor Centre is planned to be capable of The first two modules of this iconic structure, were construction in a number of stages consistent with constructed as part of stage one, and basically the overall development programme for the inspired by the shape of an orchid flower – 2 Botanic Gardens. petals, labellum and sepals, each architecturally expressing the related organic form. The structure The architectural theme and materials of the comprises three modules and ancillary elements. complex are derivative of the unique organic forms associated with the vegetation of the Mackay Region, as well as responding to elements of the region’s built heritage.
Site Characteristics The location of the Cremorne Visitor Centre was determined by the parameters identified as a result of the site analysis process and related conclusions in the 2000 Master Plan.
The selected site is within Cremorne, a central and visually significant section of the Gardens, so as to provide an iconic building complex as the primary focal point of the Eastern Escarpment of the Botanic Gardens. View from Finch Hatton Waterway bridge
Location has physical and visual links to a majority of the principal display areas of the Building modules Botanic Gardens; Administration module - a petal Building complex is directly accessed from the Gallery / Cafe module - a petal existing car park and Lagoon Street; Education & Visitor Reference Centre module Building complex is central to the proposed - the labellum (future) pedestrian circulation systems; Building aspect provides for optimum use in Ancillary Elements favourable weather conditions and protection Lagoon Deck - dorsal sepal. from adverse weather; Orientation Walkway – a sepal (future) Site topography will stimulate innovative use of slope and surrounding landform resulting in a The roof forms collect and discharge rainwater to unique architectural element. a central rock cluster with needle water jets, which Excellent visual relationship with most of is the upper source of the Finch Hatton Gorge Botanic Gardens and particularly the lagoon; waterway. Torrential rain cascading off the roof Excellent visual relationship between eastern creates a dramatic water feature as a central and western site zones. focus of the visitor centre.
4.3.3.1. Cremorne Visitor Centre 4.3.3.2. Orientation Gardens & Walkway
The Visitor Centre is the first point of contact for First impressions are always the most lasting and visitors to the Botanic Gardens and is effectively the walk from Lagoon Street or the carpark to the the interface between the technical and scientific Visitor Centre, has been planned as a specialised staff and the public. The centre is planned to introduction to the Botanic Gardens providing a provide suitable facilities to assist the general glimpse of the best aspects of the plant collection. public in their use and enjoyment of the Botanic Gardens. It is designed to be a physically Sugar Cane Wall attractive structure that reflects its function in Three poured concrete walls textured with providing information about the Botanic Gardens impressions of sugar cane stems direct the visitor with facilities to display and interpret the science from the street toward the Visitor Centre. of botany, biology and the natural environment Integrated with the walls is a unique sculpture through innovative displays and methods, both using locally ‘found’ items to interpret the wildlife internally and externally. and fungi of Eungella.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.15 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Orientation Walkway Canopy It is planned to construct an innovative canopy (for 4.3.3.4. Gallery / Cafe Module rain and sun protection) to further define the arrival experience along the walkway by providing The second module of the Visitor Centre includes visual relationships and interaction with the a Gallery for rotational display and occasional specialised landscape and plant collection. This meetings as well as for dining. A small element is inspired by the botanic forms of an specialised food and beverage outlet with the elongated sepal, continuing the orchid theme on cuisine emphasizing the use of tropical and native which the architecture of the Visitor Centre is foods provides an entrepreneurial opportunity as based. well as an attraction for visitors. The cafe serves simple snack foods, light meals and beverages in The arrival experience is to be enhanced by the a style that is appropriate to a Botanic Garden, on provision of interpretive information, signage, the surrounding deck and in the Gallery. special plant displays, and a series of views and vistas that will open up enticing glimpses into the surrounding specialised demonstration gardens and courtyards on each side of the complex.
4.3.3.3. Administration Module
The first module of the Visitor Centre includes:
View across the forecourt early evening
The access and parking limitations off Lagoon Street preclude the Lagoons Cafe developing into a larger restaurant. Consequently a larger multi- purpose restaurant and catering facility is provided for in the Meadowlands Centre, where site constraints and parking are not a limiting factor.
approx areas Outdoor Areas:
View from the Tropical Shade Garden Forecourt 60 sqm Outdoor Cafe Deck 150 sqm approx areas Eungella Cloud Garden 70 sqm Orientation Walkway, Forecourt and Viewing Decks 1,000 sqm Internal Areas: Lagoon Lookout 200 sqm Gardens Gallery 100 sqm ______Kitchen & storage 40 sqm Total area 1,200 sqm ______Total area 420 sqm Internal Areas: Information, Reception 65 sqm Curator Office 30 sqm Herbarium 30 sqm 4.3.3.5. Education and Visitor Reference Meeting Room (future Herbarium expansion) 40 sqm Centre Module Staff toilets 10 sqm Public Toilets 25 sqm The building design concept aims to provide a Storage 10 sqm specialised facility providing for optimum ______communication of information and education to Total area 210 sqm various community participants in a variety of ways. Staff parking minimum 4 cars
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General Public The existing juvenile Bunya Pine tree immediately Through displays, exhibits (living, digital, posters/ adjacent compromises the building design and notices), brochures, fact sheets, booklets and visitor safety management of the centre; removal merchandise complemented by personnel is recommended, however in consequence of its including Friends of the Gardens volunteers and history a decision on its retention is necessary council staff. The variety of communication before detail design commences. options will assist in identifying and interpreting the specific values of the regional flora and Refer clauses 3.7.2; 4.8.3.15 associated fauna, as well as promoting their potential for horticultural use. The third module of the Visitor Centre will provide facilities to allow the science of botany and School and Youth Groups horticulture to be made available to the public Two areas available for small and large group through interpretation and education by display, teaching options, communicating with digital / lecture, image and workshops. The growing visual media, living specimens, utilizing outdoor demand for educational visits by school groups break out areas adjacent to teaching stations. The and the community generally demands that this larger teaching area /stage (at the rear of the module be established immediately if the Botanic centre) with concertina fold back doors provides Gardens are to maintain their current positive shelter for groups to gather during inclement influence. weather. approx areas Staff and Friends of the Gardens Internal Areas: The facilities and areas will be variously used for training purposes and for communicating issues to each other and to the public.
Functions The building would be more than just an education & reference centre, with some areas available for weddings / entertainment / presentation stages, a shop and gallery area for sales and small gatherings (social groups young and old), a small theatrette area to view educational screenings, as well as an area displaying museum items. The building’s internal section would include:
an office that can be closed for private meetings; a support staff section for gardens staff and Friends of the Gardens, who service the reception and shop area; and 1. Information, Reception 30 sqm a large storeroom and preparation area, 2. Display, museum, audiovisual 80 sqm providing and housing the many and varied 3. Gallery & Shop 90 sqm teaching resources needed to educate the 4. Visitor Services Officer 20 sqm public, especially the youth. The large 5. Support staff 30 sqm preparation / storage area would also provide 6. Exhibit preparation & storage 50 sqm space for the comprehensive selection of 7. Teaching area (inside/outside) 50 sqm brochure and fact sheet stock needed on ______hand to distribute to the public as well as Total internal area 350 sqm storing the Botanic Gardens’ growing Art & Photographic Collection. Outdoor Areas: Acknowledgement wall for donors & sponsors 8. Orientation Walkway Canopy 9. Forecourt 90 sqm All of these needs have been considered in 10. Outdoor Education designing the building for the multiple uses and 11. Sun Garden Lawns functions it will be required to provide (within the one space) while having aesthetic and Refer also to Figure 4.05 environmental sustainable / receptive / responsive construction, complementing the existing buildings.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.17 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
4.3.3.6. Lagoon Lookout relatively sophisticated with facilities for seed store, propagation, growing on holding area, The Lagoon Lookout is an integral component of research and possibly quarantine. Plants the Visitor Centre providing a high level view to produced in the nursery are primarily for the south to Kaliguil Lagoon and Eulamere establishment in the Botanic Gardens and, if the Lagoon to the north. Directly across the lagoon to scientific basis of the collection is to be the west expansive views are available to recognised, all specimens require to be supported Meadowlands. The construction of the Visitor by voucher specimens in the herbarium and Centre provides for a floor level that approximates thoroughly documented as far as identification that of the top of the escarpment. The steep slope and origin are concerned. down to the lagoon provides for an elevated bridge and lookout structure that extends out It is recommended that the existing nursery close to the lagoon edge some 5 metres above facilities be expanded as soon as possible to water level. allow production of the CQC bioregion species for Meadowlands.
Additionally, the nursery could be entrepreneurial to produce plants for general Council use in the Mackay area; selling specialised locally endemic plants to land care organisations, industry and developments, as well as to the general public. This can be a significant source of revenue if correctly managed and marketed.
Nursery, Operations and Maintenance elements ultimately include: approx areas Offices 50 sqm Seed Store 10 sqm Propagation 200 sqm Lagoon Lookout from Gymnosperm Forest Growing on 400 sqm Holding area 600 sqm From this vantage point three visual axes extend Maintenance area 350 sqm out into the Botanic Gardens: Equipment Store 100 sqm ______ to the north west along Eulamere Lagoon to Total area 1,710 sqm the Meadowlands Focus and associated areas; The detail planning for the nursery and operations to the west across Eulamere Lagoon and the centre will be required to follow Australian Events fields to Meadowlands Centre; Standards for control of nutrient runoff into to the south along Eulamere and Kaliguil adjacent waterways. This will necessitate the Lagoons to the rail bridge, beyond to the provision of catch drains and settling ponds which Australian South Sea Islander Precinct and in should be integral elements of the surrounding the distance the Mackay Visitor Information gardens landscape. Centre brick chimney.
4.3.5. Gatehouse Residence 4.3.4. Operations, Maintenance and Nursery It is desirable for the Curator or other senior staff member to live on or close to the Botanic Gardens This facility is located on the former State Nursery site, particularly for security of the collection but site on the western slopes above the Lagoons also for ease of access. The existing homestead along Crowleys Road. The site is basically flat off Alexandra Street is ideally located as a and provides an excellent functional and physical gatehouse as well as a significant focal element of relationship with the principal areas of the Botanic Meadowlands. It is suggested that subject to Gardens. structural adequacy assessment, the building could be restored to its original character to The plant production centre or nursery, the function as a gatehouse residence. Alternatively maintenance and operations area and equipment a suitable residence could be incorporated into store are the central functional element of the the Operations, Maintenance and Nursery Botanic Gardens. The nursery requires to be Precinct.
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4.3.6. Meadowlands The structures were partly set in a mature Pine Forest Pinus elliottii that assisted in the visual Meadowlands is the third stage of development for integration. However expansion and rehabilitation the Botanic Gardens which potentially includes works have required that the forest be removed several new and important related structures: and replaced with trees that are more suited (in Meadowlands Focus, Meadowlands Centre, terms of leaf drop) to the close relationship with Meadowlands Events, Meadowlands Housing the water treatment elements. These are discussed in detail later in section 4.9. Consequently there is potential to enhance the environmental and visual qualities of the Water 4.3.7. Australian South Sea Islander Treatment Plant by appropriately organised Centre industrial scale landscape and planting to complement the Botanic Gardens. A planning and feasibility study has been undertaken (2008) to expand and upgrade the It is important that this complex be integrated into existing complex of buildings and landscapes. the overall suburban character of West Mackay This project is subject to economic viability and and specifically within the associated areas of the the availability of specific funding. The proposed Botanic Gardens. The use of specific interpretive concept provides for many aspects similar to that signage to tell the story of water supply and proposed for the Meadowlands Centre, treatment in the city is recommended. consequently it is recommended that close liaison be established between the Botanic Gardens and Gymnosperm character recommended the Australian South Sea Islander community to It is suggested that continuing the adjacent ensure coordination and avoiding uneconomic Botanic Gardens Gymnosperm (conifer) family duplication of facilities. theme into this landscape to provide dominance and linkage would be appropriate. The use of This proposal together with the similar facilities Hoop Pine Araucaria cunninghamii and Kauri Pine planned for the Mackay Tourism Information Agathis robusta will link with the immediate area Centre impacts on the ongoing development of as well as the new planting projects along the the Botanic Gardens for which the master plans of Peak Downs Highway and also Archibald Street. both 2000 & 2010 suggested similar conference & restaurant facilities. It is important that a combined 4.3.8.1. Pump House viability / feasibility study involving all three centres be undertaken before final decisions are This structure is part of the water supply and made about development of any of the projects. treatment plant and is a small functional structure, which is visually prominent on the lagoon lowlands below the entry from Alexandra Street. 4.3.8. Water Treatment Complex The Pump House is associated with several other elements related to water supply including bores The complex of structures at the junction of Nebo and settling ponds. It is important that these be Road and Lagoon Streets is visually significant in integrated into the overall Botanic Gardens the overall Botanic Gardens. Importantly the development together with interpretive signage to various unique engineering forms combine to tell the story of water treatment and supply. create a strong visual focus, which should be an integral element of the overall site appreciation. 4.3.9. Public Toilets
Public toilets are to be generally incorporated into the major buildings of the site. This assists to limit antisocial activities that are more prevalent in toilets in visually and physically isolated locations.
Four public toilets are recommended to be provided as follows: Cremorne Visitor Centre Meadowlands Centre Australian South Sea Islander Museum Recreation and Play Garden Precinct
Pine forest - view north along Lagoon Street
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.19 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
4.4. Specialised Structures education units to be progressively identified in other specialised areas of the Gardens. 4.4.1. Malta Garden
The Malta Garden is an interpretation of Maltese 4.4.3. Forest Arbour culture combining the traditional character of limestone aqueduct structures, shade devices and The Lagoon Street walkway (path B) is spanned appropriate planting. The traditional stone walls by a large scale arbour constructed from the large have been expressed in coloured, off form log timbers obtained from the demolition of the concrete with a metal arched colonnade Mackay Harbour finger wharf. The logs were suggesting the form of Maltese aqueducts. logged from various coastal rainforests as far south as Fraser Island and supported the wharf The colonnade structure is planned to support a for more than eighty years. barrel vaulted pergola over the main pathway (Path A) to define the entry to the Malta Garden. These poles, together with a system of tensioned The vault was originally planned to extend along cables, are designed to support some of the larger the pathway to enclose a significant collection of more specialised vines and lians of local specialised succulent plants initially offered by the rainforests and of the Asia Pacific region. The local Maltese community. However the collection vines will provide a high level canopy casting is now unavailable and it has been determined dappled shade over the pathway from the that the existing on-site specimens would be more overhead and western sun. appropriately housed in Queens Park.
Vine arbour constructed of recycled forest logs View from Screens & Hedges
The central element is a Bocce court hedged with 4.4.4. Torres Strait Islander Garden bioregional plant material suggestive of Malta. Within the garden walls a series of historic photos As requested by the Islanders the design of this illustrating the role of Maltese people in the local garden is inspired by the natural elements of the sugar industry could be appropriately displayed. Torres Strait archipelago. The four island groups - western, north western, central and eastern are Refer also 1.8.6.7 & 3.6.3 each represented by cultural garden areas of varying size separated by the curving, coloured 4.4.2. Outdoor Education concrete pathway with embedded mosaic patterns, to represent the ocean current known as An Outdoor Education unit is associated with the ‘Magani Malu Kes’. main interpretation / education facilities based in the Cremorne Visitor Centre. This unit is located Refer also 1.8.6.6 & 3.6.5 adjacent to the commencement of the Eulamere wetland boardwalk to facilitate detail study of the specialised wetland environments. The facility incorporates the Eulamere Shelter and an informal small class size amphitheatre, screened from the main pathways. Sites for other outdoor
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TORRES STRAIT GARDEN Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
‘Banyan Tree’ constructed of galvanised pipe sections forms the main central feature of ‘roots’ and ‘branches’. Tension cables strung between the ‘branches’ support a rampant vine to give the illusion of a leaf canopy as well as provide shade.
The play equipment provides experience reminiscent of climbing and swinging through trees and interacting with nature in various ways. Children were invited to prepare paintings to inspire pavement mosaics and impressions to be used in the concrete walls.
Sun protection for the play equipment and the LAYOUT PLAN associated picnic area is provided by a series of tension membrane sails which soar over the facilities and provide a focus for views along the lagoon valley and particularly across Eulamere Lagoon from the Meadowlands. The Islanders intend to sculpt a traditional entry gateway to span across and define the entrance pathway from the Tamarind carpark.
View from under the Fig Trees to the Play Garden SHELTER ROOF ‘LEAF’ FORM
The second phase of the Play Garden development is located under and around the A traditional shelter, based on the form of a leaf adjacent shady Fig Trees; ‘Our Backyard’ is from the Thespesia populnea tree, to be located planned to provide a storytelling area, hands on off the main pathway as the central focus to gardening and other opportunities for children to identify the garden and relate to the adjacent interact with their natural environment, all planned ceremonial dancing area. On the opposite side is to expose children to the science of botany in an an area where cooking and feasting can be exciting and educational way without the use of organised. The whole garden is to be integrated ‘off the shelf’ play equipment. within massed vegetation typical of the diverse environments of the various island groups of the Consideration needs to be given to the potential Torres Strait. maintenance and health impact from falling fig
fruit and wildlife using the trees for habitat.
4.4.5. Under the Banyan Play Garden
4.4.6. Intake Tower Lookout The Play Garden is a specialised design established around the theme of ‘Under the The remnant historic intake tower beside Banyan’ using a combination of ‘off the shelf’ play Eulamere Lagoon near the causeway originally equipment and other elements inspired by the had a lightweight metal truss bridge spanning theme. The sloping site was modified by landform from the escarpment to the top of the tower. It is and retaining walls to create individual levels for recommended that this function be restored by the three differing age group sections. A stylised
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.21 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens erection of a replica bridge and lookout deck to take advantage of the excellent views upstream and downstream along both Kaliguil and Eulamere Lagoons and across Meadowlands.
4.4.7. Coastal Headlands Terraces
The water tanks in the Mackay Water Treatment Plant have a major visual impact on the Botanic Gardens. The construction process created a steep fill embankment along this section of the corridor which has subsequently become unstable. A series of walls and terraces has been planned to retain the slope, requiring the pathway access along the foreshore and between the upper and lower levels to be reformed. The Eulamere Shelter the start of the boardwalk pathways are planned to conform to disabled accessibility standards. 4.4.9. Boardwalks, Bridges and Canopy Walks A deck is to be constructed to provide for occasional maintenance vehicle access to the Boardwalks, bridges and lookout platform valves and other equipment below at Lagoon structures as well as canopy walks can be used to level. Due to the close association with the lagoon provide specialised access within the Botanic edge it is proposed to integrate a shelter and Gardens, encouraging multi-level interaction with seating area with the deck, together with the plant collections. interpretive material for the adjacent Coastal Headland and Bamboo collection. These structures will enable visitors to gain a greater appreciation of botanic displays through a The stabilised slopes to be surfaced with rock variety of experiences such as level changes, spalls as a protection against water erosion and elevated viewing platforms, close water contact planted with a collection of locally endemic and to traverse steeper areas of the Botanic species of the coastal headlands. Geotech Gardens which would have been otherwise engineering constraints dictate that only low difficult to access, particularly for the elderly and growing species with surface roots to knit the disabled. slope together can be used.
4.4.8. Sun and Rain Shelters
A series of shelters to be strategically located, generally 100m to 200m apart, at appropriate positions, such as particular interest points and pathway junctions, throughout the Botanic Gardens.
These shelters to be of simple design and construction, with a combination of roof structure and attached pergola, to create an identifiable common theme throughout the Botanic Gardens. These structures provide protection from sun and rain, a place to sit and relax, and to support interpretive signage related to the associated plant collections. . The shelters, suitably modified by adding a small storeroom, could also serve the double purpose of providing satellite storage space for maintenance tools and equipment in remote areas of the site.
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4.5. Other Elements 4.5.2. Landscape Axes and Focal Points
4.5.1. Nebo Road Precinct The landscape planning for the site has defined ten landscape axes and a series of focal points, The Botanic Gardens arrival process is a which generally occur as the genesis of, or at the transitional experience commencing at the City intersection of the various axes. These locations Gates Information Centre and extending along the provide the opportunity to create a specialised highway with an expansive view north from the element that will assist to orientate the visitor as railway overpass bridge changing to a more the site is traversed. The axes and focal points intimate approach along Lagoon Street. basically relate to existing or proposed physical features such as:
specialised landscape elements such as a view to a nearby mountain, lake, pond or fountain; a building, structure, observation tower or shelter within the site; specific botanical or horticultural elements whose form or colour create a focus.
The principal axes and related focal point locations are as follows:
A: Northern Axis The most significant vista in the Botanic Gardens viewed from the Cremorne Visitor Centre along the length of Eulamere Lagoon View south along Nebo Road and focussing on Mt Blackwood;
Cuban Royal Palm Streetscape – Nebo Road B: Southern Axis One of the more significant existing streetscapes Extends between the Cremorne Visitor Centre, of the highway approach spans across Nebo the Australian South Sea Islander Precinct and Road from the original Bureau of Sugar on to the Mackay Tourist Information Centre Experiment Stations gardens. The formal avenues brick chimney. Currently obscured by Albizzia of Cuban Royal Palms extend from the railway trees along the opposite lagoon edge – overpass to the Water Treatment Plant; they are recommended to be removed; visually and historically very significant. It is fundamentally important to preserve this heritage C: Lagoon Axis element of the townscape and allow it to influence Extends between the Cremorne Visitor Centre the adjacent area of the Botanic Gardens. The and the Meadowlands Focus along Eulamere Gateway Gardens and World Regional Flora Lagoon; this axis could be highlighted and Gardens have been located adjacent to this defined by a row of aeration jets associated heritage streetscape. with lagoon water quality procedures;
D: Central Axis Extends between the Cremorne Visitor Centre Adjacent Streetscape and the Meadowlands Centre above the Specialised and formal landscape treatments Meadowlands Events field, visually linking the based on the particular use of bioregional tree two principal Precincts of the Gardens; species are recommended along the road corridors of Nebo Road and Lagoon Street E: Meadowlands Axis leading to the Botanic Gardens. Lansdowne Extends between the Meadowlands Centre Road, Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road and the Meadowlands Focus centrally along should be similarly considered. Detail design for the main waterway spine; these external and internal road corridors should be closely integrated with the adjacent landform, F: Eulamere Wetland Axis landscape elements, visual context and character. Visually links the Eulamere Shelter with the Meadowlands Focus basically following the centre line (defined by the line of vertical
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.23 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
poles) of the zigzagging Eulamere Wetland 4.5.3. Japan Garden boardwalk; The central feature of the Japan (Sister City) G: Torres Strait Axis Garden was initially suggested to be a sculpture Commences in the heart of the Torres Strait linking the Mackay region with Matsuura in Japan Garden and follows directly down through the through the symbolism of the migratory Crane. central stair of the Australian Regional Flora Traditionally in origami or Japanese paper folding, terraces and diagonally across Eulamere the Crane is a symbol of peace. It was suggested Lagoon to the Meadowlands Focus (defined by that the sculpture be a simple stainless steel an avenue of Livistona palms); structure with moving ‘Cranes’ to catch the light and reflect the sun. This sculpture was to be H: Eulamere Valley Axis located in the Japan Garden at the junction of the Visually links Rawson’s Hollow from the corner bikeway (N) and the main path (A) midway of Lagoon / Lansdowne traversing diagonally between the Cremorne Visitor Centre and the across the field recreation area to focus on the Eulamere Wetland Boardwalk. Meadowlands Focus;
I: Uplands Axis Visually linking the Meadowlands Focus to the Bioregional Focus basically along the undulating open lawns on the west side of the water course;
J: Foothills Axis Visually linking the Meadowlands Centre to the Bioregional Focus basically along the undulating open lawns on the south side between the two watercourses;
Original Location of the Japanese Crane sculpture
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selected have been arranged by height and in The sculpture donated by Matsuura is a group of family groups. cranes intended to be placed in a Japanese garden setting incorporating a stone lantern, As this is primarily a research garden specimens rocks, gravel and selected plants. The cranes are that do not meet expectations are to be made of a synthetic polymer material subject to progressively removed and replaced with other vandalism; consequently all of the above selected CQC bioregion species. elements have been relocated to the Shade Garden Fernery for security and protection. A The Hibiscus is the floral emblem of Mackay and stylised garden interpreting the Matsuura logo in a range of both native and exotic members of the plants has been established in the central lawn of Malvaceae family were initially used in recognition the Japan Garden to symbolise the sister city along the western side of the pathway (A). The relationship. exotic Hibiscus is subject to severe pest and disease in the Mackay region and despite persevering for most of the past decade it has now been determined to replace the Hibiscus with a rotational collection of newly developed native plant cultivars.
4.5.5. Eulamere Poles
Japanese Garden reconstructed as logo garden
4.5.4. Screens and Hedges
This is one of the more important research and demonstration gardens in which the species of the bioregion that have potential for use in amenity horticulture are planted and maintained in a series of formal and informal hedges and screens. Line of poles defining the Eulamere Wetland Axis
The Eulamere Boardwalk zig zags across the lagoon basically following the line of the Eulamere Wetland Axis leading to the Meadowlands Focus. The boardwalk diverges from the axis to provide a range of interactions with varying depth water and associated aquatic vegetation. A line of timber poles has been erected to define and reinforce the exact line of the axis. It is important to continue this visual axis as the boardwalk is extended across the lagoons.
4.5.6. Bird Observation
The multiplicity of bird species recorded at the Lagoons and the diversity of habitats on the site
makes this site ideal for bird watching, especially While not a full maze the innovative layout of waterfowl. To promote this activity, it is encourages inspection between the various suggested that a number of specific observation curvilinear garden beds; bioregional species
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.25 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens locations could be constructed and suitably 4.5.8. Windmill defined by interpretive signage. The windmill recycled water from Kaliguil Lagoon Provision of bird hides is not recommended in to the two ponds located within the Australian order to minimise the potential for associated South Sea Islander Precinct. problems as identified by the application of CPTED principles. 4.5.9. Ethno-botany Garden The northern sections of Eulamere Lagoon shoreline already provide a number of ideal Originally the local indigenous representatives observation locations. Viewing aspect from these suggested that as part of the aboriginal cultural selected locations should ensure that at most construction a ‘cave’ be created; caves are not times the sun is behind the observer, thus commonly found in the region and due to potential providing good light conditions for observation and problems of maintenance, vandalism and safety photography. Re-vegetation of riverine vegetation (CPTED) this was not proceeded with. It is along the western embankment should be desirable that the local Aboriginal people suggest carefully organised to develop appropriate an alternative feature for the Indigenous Garden waterfowl habitat. This northern section has the to complement the bush tucker, medicinal and potential to develop to be more attractive to both economic plants demonstration gardens. birds and watchers, as it is relatively removed from the disturbances of noise and human activity in the vicinity of other circulation routes. 4.5.10. Botanic Gardens Icon & Sign
As the Gardens vegetation develops over time, The view to the Botanic Gardens on the approach additional observation locations throughout the along Nebo Road (the Bruce Highway) is Gardens will become apparent and should be expansive and introduces the observer to a wide appropriately formalised. Many could be protected panorama north over the site as the highway and by simple roofed structures, provided with simple the railway overpass is traversed. However it is bench seating. Approach pathways to the not immediately apparent that the observer is viewpoints should generally be screened from approaching a Botanic Garden. The area at the nearby bird habitat by dense planting. Wildlife top of the escarpment immediately between the identification information should be incorporated railway overpass and the Water Treatment Plant at each location to encourage casual and non- is treated specifically as a progressive arrival to expert observers to identify common species. the Gardens with specialised signage and planting.
4.5.7. Cremorne Visitor Centre Linear The central ‘icon’ and signage element is readily Axis observable in the approach along the highway. This element is to convey the identity of the The axis between the Cremorne Visitor Centre Gardens and provide simple, bold and effective and the Meadowlands Focus extends diagonally direction to the main entry at the Cremorne Visitor across Eulamere Lagoon. To define and Centre in Lagoon Street. The whole area to be emphasize the significance of this view corridor it distinguished by simple but dramatic landform and is recommended that a line of jets could be plant massing, using bioregional species to installed to provide increased aeration as part of become a visual recognition point which conveys the water quality improvement strategy. (It is the character of the Botanic Gardens – effectively anticipated that increased water aeration may be this is the ‘Gateway to the Gardens’. a recommendation of the hydraulic study.)
Alternatively a series of sculptural elements could 4.5.11. Water Supply & Treatment be used to define the corridor. The elements could Interpretation be used to interpret aspects of Mackay’s culture and history. Either of these suggestions present a The close association of the Water Supply and potential opportunity for arts, sculpture and Treatment Plant with the Botanic Gardens is associated funding. fundamental and important to the story of sustainability. The opportunity exists to integrate both uses through interpretive signage that outlines for the visitor to the Botanic Gardens, the story of water supply and treatment. This can be done by the use of specialised graphics and
Page 4 26 MRBG section 4.docx :29/06/2010 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens interpretive walls and artefacts that should be located in association with the major points of The Central element of the Tropical Shade interest. Most appropriate locations are along the Garden is The Fernery, constructed of a palisade main paths beside the Water Treatment Plant of recycled wharf timbers to provide wind fence and in the Coastal Headland terraces. protection and security, shaded by a steel and tension membrane roof structure. The Fernery is planned to hold a collection of bioregional shade 4.5.12. Tropical Shade Garden tolerant plants and ferns but temporarily holds a collection of Bromeliads. The Matsuura Cranes The Cremorne Visitor Centre has been designed and stone lantern from Mackay’s sister city in to incorporate an enclosed garden on the south Japan are a feature of the Fernery. side under the existing (exotic) shade trees. This garden is planned to allow the display of a range of primarily bioregional and some related exotic 4.5.14. Tropical Sun Garden plant materials that require shade and shelter. The gardens will become a high value / high The Visitor Centre has been designed to maintenance facility that will be a major incorporate a semi enclosed garden on the north component of the horticultural research and side to take advantage of a more sunny development process. A series of pathways, orientation. This garden is planned to allow the recycled wharf timbers and other constructed display of a range of unique bioregional and some elements is incorporated. exotic plant materials. The gardens will include a high value / high maintenance facility that will become a major component of the horticultural research and demonstration process.
Wharf Poles provide support for epiphytes & vines
It is recommended that the existing exotic shade trees be progressively removed as the A place for picnics and social gatherings replacement native species grow toward maturity The expansive lawns are used for events and the third module of the Cremorne Visitor Centre has 4.5.13. The Fernery been planned to be located in the south east corner.
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4.6. Site Infrastructure and Facilities generally in association with shelters, and at major pathway intersections. 4.6.1. Security Irrigation
Irrigation throughout the gardens is currently This Botanic Gardens and the associated plant provided using town water. Application of irrigation collections will ultimately contain numerous rare water should follow ‘waterwise’ strategies and be and valuable specimens. Consequently adequate related to the basic needs of particular plant security will be required to prevent physical communities and to specific site conditions. damage, theft and vandalism as well as adequate protection from environmental damage through pest, disease, floods and storms. With the upgrading of the water treatment plant the opportunity exists to use excess discharge water in association with lagoon water to develop Unfortunately damage to plants, signage and facilities through vandalism is not uncommon a sustainable irrigation system that does not in botanic gardens and is likely to increase as depend on town water, except in emergencies. the Gardens develop and become more This is an important opportunity to incorporate popular with the general public. sustainability to the project.
It is inevitable that sections of the Botanic Refer to clause 2.5.1 for specific detail. Gardens will need to be securely fenced
and/or possibly patrolled at night in the future Waste Water Disposal when the collection demands this. This will be Detail planning and design shall take into a costly exercise and require careful design to consideration the use of appropriate methods of ensure security barriers are both aesthetically waste water collection, treatment and disposal. acceptable and effective. The upgrading of
Lagoon Street has made fencing an urgent The nursery and operations centre to follow necessity for safety reasons. accepted standards for collecting and treating Security from pests and diseases is part of nutrient rich runoff. good agricultural and horticultural practice as Sewage and sullage waste to be treated well as garden management. Use of pesticides through connection to the city sewerage should be kept to an absolute minimum for the treatment system. health and safety of staff, visitors, wildlife and
the environment in general, particularly Electricity including water draining from lawns and Power will be needed to all building structures, gardens to the lagoons. some garden areas and to pumping facilities It is reasonable to ensure where possible, that associated with the water recycling and irrigation rare plants are represented by more than a requirements of the Botanic Gardens. single specimen. Sustainable alternative energy sources such as All structures including shade houses and solar and wind power should be considered as nursery facilities to be built to approved appropriate, particularly in the Meadowlands standards. Centre. Planting records should be duplicated and stored separately in case of theft, vandalism or Lighting destruction by impacts such as flood and fire. Specialised permanent and innovative lighting should be utilised to illuminate appropriate sections of the circulation network and for 4.6.2. Services Infrastructure selected areas of the plant collections in order to encourage community use of specific garden A range of water, power, drainage and areas at night time. Harsh spot or event type communication services will require to be lighting should be avoided in favour of more provided throughout the Botanic Garden. subtle, theatrical type lighting. Lighting of the Wherever possible emphasise the optimum Cremorne Visitor Centre, and the associated application and use of appropriate sustainability garden areas is particularly necessary to facilitate principles. night time use:
Town Water Lighting to be provided principally to: Town water is reticulated to the Visitor Centre, the main access road and carparks; nursery compound and other appropriate facilities orientation Walkway and the Cremorne Visitor throughout the site. Drinking fountains are Centre; provided at regular intervals around the site, primary circulation network;
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specialised display gardens and courts The strategy will consider the definition and associated with the Visitor Centre; selection of pavement construction materials, prime display area plantings; surface finishes related to appropriate design and specific focal points in the Gardens; construction methods. These will be influenced by Meadowlands Centre the intended function, related safety issues and Meadowlands Events the particular aesthetic requirements for the Meadowlands Focus specific site and plant community zones.
Stormwater Stages one and two have used a variety of The annual climate of Mackay is characterised by materials and finishes for the pavements hot wet periods and cool dry periods with extreme including: climatic events and cyclones. Global warming suggests that the wet and dry extremes will Asphalt become more severe. Poured concrete Concrete pavers Recent intense rainfall events seem to bear this Textured ‘Fossil’ Concrete out and installed surface drainage has not always Textured Concrete been able to cope successfully. This has resulted Crushed Gravel in overflows, concentration of water causing Timber boardwalks and bridges mulch and soil erosion as well as increased water table and saturated soils.
In addition, stormwater from surrounding suburban areas and streets has discharged into the lagoons thorough stormwater lines unprotected by gross pollutant traps, resulting in water quality issues.
Consequently all future detail design should ensure that stormwater flows are collected, distributed and / or dispersed through appropriately sized surface and subsurface drainage systems, complete with all necessary GPT or other water quality devices. Existing constructed areas should be investigated to rectify any identified stormwater problem areas. Fossil paving texture under construction
Communications In today’s age of technology, communication links to the site will be essential. This includes telephone and computerised communications.
In addition the use of iPods, MP3 players and other similar developing technology to provide personal portable interpretive information will need to be considered.
4.6.3. Pavements and Surface Finish Treatments
In order to preserve design continuity and achieve specific site characters while providing for flexibility and appropriate diversity, it is important Plant ‘fossils’ provide interest and non slip surface to develop a comprehensive paving strategy to be used throughout the Botanic Gardens. 4.6.4. Furniture
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4.6.5.1. Identification Signs A range of purpose built and proprietary brand furniture items has been used in the Identity Sign establishment of the Botanic Gardens. A distinctive identification sign, principally related Appropriate designs, materials and construction to observation from passing vehicles, to establish techniques should be developed to define a that the observer has arrived at the Botanic ‘family’ of furniture elements including seating, Gardens. litter bins, bollards, drinking fountains, light posts, signage etc. The sign should be integrated with a particular site element or horticultural feature – Nebo Road entry Design and character should reflect a regional garden, the Sugar Cane Wall in the Cremorne environment theme. Ensure that the design is Visitor Centre Orientation Garden, Corner of appropriate for long term use and that a Gardens Lagoon Street and Lansdowne Road and at the standard is developed and adopted to ensure Alexandra Street entrance. visual continuity and allow mass production with consequent economies. Obelisk Sign A specialised sign incorporated into the principal To assist orientation around this extensive and pedestrian access and arrival locations to provide linear site, all fabricated items in the same site specific information and direction to the facilities in section are to be finished with the particular colour the immediate area. The sign should be an used to identify each of the six site sections. integral component of the signage design and graphics strategy.
4.6.5. Signage 4.6.5.2. Information Signs Signs are one of the most important elements of the Botanic Gardens, in order to communicate the Gardens Layout necessary direction, information, location and Sign displaying the overall layout plan for the interpretation data to the user. Botanic Gardens illustrating the principal sections, precincts, gardens, structures, pathways and In addition, the recent introduction of iPods, MP3 other relevant elements. players and other similar contemporary The sign is a multiple modular panel with flexible technology provides the opportunity to access graphic technique to allow for progressive plan personal, portable, interpretive information and changes with development; mounted on the should now be considered as a ‘signage’ element. Cremorne Visitor Centre external wall
An initial signage strategy has been prepared to Section Layout Sign; Precinct Layout Sign coordinate the range of sign types and functions, One section of the main modular layout sign to and to define the design, graphic and fabrication show the overall detail layout of the specific site parameters. It is recommended to rationalise and section illustrating the component structures, update the existing strategy as part of the stage pathways, gardens and other relevant elements three planning and development process. It is (also used for specific large precincts); important to ensure that a coordinated family of signage materials and graphics is defined. The sign is mounted on a trapezoidal concrete wall and located logically in the site section or precinct. The principal sign types are: Identification Commemorative Sign Information Individual sign to provide brief explanatory details Location for a specific event or character - such as the Direction Official Opening Plaque or the Mackay Matsuura Interpretation Sister City Garden. Technology The sign is a trapezoidal metal plate fixed to a building wall or precast concrete wall within the Temporary, simply produced signs are also subject garden. important in order to convey information about particular plants or other elements, which are necessary for only a short period.
4.6.5.3. Location Signs
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Garden Location Sign Consideration should be given to the provision of Individual sign to provide brief explanatory details specific facilities to encourage the use of the for a specific plant community or theme garden Botanic Gardensfor appropriate seasonal festivals such as “Coal Garden” or a family group, such as and special events, such as theatre, cinema and “Myrtaceae”. cultural celebrations, garden fairs, weddings and the like. These activities not only attract people to The sign is a trapezoidal folded metal plate fixed the Gardens who may otherwise not consider in a mass concrete footing within the subject coming but can also be a potential source of garden. revenue.
Individual Specimen Sign Currently the Tropical Sun Lawn is used for a A sign to identify an individual plant or plant group variety of cultural and social events attracting showing accession number, family, genus, larger crowds. Various areas, particularly the species, common name and origin. Heritage Shelter and Garden, are used for weddings and other smaller events.
4.6.5.4. Direction Signs The initially proposed site for an amphitheatre on the northern slopes down to Eulamere Lagoon Direction – to site elements has been relocated to the Meadowlands Events Signs indicating the direction to specific on site or Precinct. This site provides optimum site, parking off site elements; e.g. Visitor Centre, Lagoon and acoustic conditions for concert, theatre, Lookout, Carpark. cinema as well as market type events.
The sign is a trapezoidal folded metal plate fixed in a mass concrete footing in a logical location. 4.6.7. Cultural Aspects Identification of a specific site element Signs indicating the function or use of specific on site elements; e.g. Lagoons Gallery, Male toilet.
The sign is a trapezoidal metal plate fixed to a wall or other suitable surface.
Trail Markers Simple bollard style markers to indicate the particular path theme or trail type.
4.6.5.5. Interpretation Signs
Signs to describe and interpret specialised communities, specimens, economic uses or points Involve aspects of regional cultural life in the of historic interest etc. Sign graphics reproduced Botanic Gardens including Indigenous heritage, on “Photometal” or similar, complete with text, European heritage and local history generally. drawings and photos. This can be achieved in many ways, but primarily through art and sculpture with associated The sign is a trapezoidal folded metal plate fixed vegetation. in a mass concrete footing within the subject garden. These cultural influences can also be expressed through architecture, structures and furniture. It will be necessary to develop the parameters for This is a potential opportunity for Arts Council the interpretive signage further, to allow for funding and corporate sponsorship. innovative use of technology. However, it is important to ensure that a coordinated family of signage materials and graphics is defined.
4.6.6. Special Event Facilities
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4.7. Management Generally For these reasons, feeding of wildlife is actively discouraged by virtually all botanic 4.7.1. Incompatible Activities gardens and parks managers.
Grazing Domestic Poultry Due to the environmental sensitivity of the lagoon wetlands and the desirability of maintaining water Creates similar problems to feeding native quality, it is recommended that a significant ducks with domestic poultry species being number of activities that are likely to be even more physically destructive of riverine undertaken by visitors and surrounding residents vegetation. be appropriately managed, controlled and/or Remove exotic and domesticated water birds prohibited. Mackay Regional Council local laws from site. apply to the Botanic Gardens and are to be Domestic species also invariably tend to suitably enforced. displace native species, particularly if there is a pattern developed of visitors to a site Therefore it is important that specific reference be feeding the waterfowl. made to these potential impacts ensuring that These comments are inclusive of all domestic formalised, enforceable rules and/or by laws are animals. established to appropriately govern the sustainable use and management of the Botanic Fish and Fishing Gardens. Unauthorised fishing from banks and from boats with rods or nets is prohibited. Unauthorised feeding fish is prohibited to Such activities and their inherent problems avoid water pollution. include: Unauthorised introduction and release of native or exotic fish into the lagoons is Dogs prohibited. Exercising of unleashed dogs within the boundaries of the Botanic Gardens to be Canoeing / Boating / Model Boats prohibited. Canoeing / boating should be discouraged No off-leash areas are proposed for the except on the proposed model boat pond Botanic Gardens. (assuming the lagoons catchment hydraulic Council supports dogs on leashes on sites study approves this construction). Although such as the Botanic Gardens. the objective would be to sustain water quality at secondary contact level, the potential of Local Laws supports this requirement. algal blooms and anticipated high coliform
counts resulting from the waterfowl population Feeding Wildlife would cast severe doubt on this use. Feeding native ducks and other wildlife Canoeing / boating activities on such confined stimulates an unnatural population explosion waterways invariably results in disturbance to and loss of natural feeding behaviour. This waterfowl habitats, especially nesting islands. can result in considerable stress to the population if levels of feeding vary due to Remote controlled powered model boats can seasonal visitor patterns which are likely at have similar disturbance effects upon native this site. waterfowl.
Unnatural and processed food items, such as Swimming bread, can be detrimental to the bird’s health. Anticipated water quality will not be within The increased nutrient loads for spoiled bread safe limits for swimming. or grain and increased bird manure loads can
impact adversely upon water quality. Sporting activities Typically a common feeding point develops Approved informal field sports are permitted which becomes severely eroded at the on the Eulamere Lagoon cricket field. shoreline from physical damage from both the feeders and the birds. The increased Golf is prohibited due to safety issues. population can also lead to severe physical damage to riverine vegetation especially Feral Animals nearby nesting islands which typically become Undertake regular monitoring and removal by denuded by the large numbers of birds trapping or extermination of feral animal attracted to a regular feeding point. species that will adversely impact on the wildlife potential of the developing Gardens environment.
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Adequate education of adjacent residents will Recommended that maintenance staff be be required with respect to wandering educated with guidelines and an awareness domestic pets. programme of the hazards of such soils and their potential impacts upon the wetlands. Removing Riverine Vegetation Construction specifications should include Removal of riverine vegetation (trees and control strategies. water margin plants, unless exotic) should be prohibited to maintain habitat and water edge Peripheral Activities by nearby land holders stability. Activities of residents on their properties that can Exclusions to this guideline should be limited have adverse secondary impacts on the Lagoons. to reed harvesting as required for Weed Control Management and the removal of trees Disposal of oils and other chemicals into the assessed as a public danger, or to maintain stormwater system will cause pollution of the viewing points. wetlands and water bodies. Lack of physical control and lack of restriction Exotic Vegetation on Lagoon Margins of movement of domestic pets can lead to Exotic wetland plant species have significant considerable predation and disturbance to potential to invade the existing ecosystem as wildlife populations. weeds. Excessive usage of fertilisers in upstream Inherent in the philosophy of retaining the catchment agriculture and domestic gardens lagoons for the related environmental values can lead to increased nutrient runoff into is the principal of planting only endemic water bodies with the resultant increased vegetation as supplementary riverine or potential for algal blooms. aquatic vegetation. Education of Planting of exotic plant species that have maintenance staff, volunteer staff, and great potential through water, wind, or seed community organizations is essential. spread to become serious environmental weeds within the Botanic Gardens. Dumping of Rubbish and Yard Clippings These peripheral activities are difficult to Education of residents is critical. control. Education has proved the most Immediate removal and weed control of any effective tool in limiting the adverse impact of such occurrence is needed to prevent these activities. It is suggested that Council establishment of exotic plants. organise advice programs to encourage Provision of photographic interpretive signage residents in the Lagoons catchment to follow relating to environmental weed species is optimum environmental stewardship. suggested as a proactive measure in this regard. Dumping of rubbish is to be prohibited. 4.7.2. Landscape Management & Maintenance Horse Riding Horses are a distinct hazard to pedestrians in Effective landscape maintenance strategies are confined pathway networks. critical to the cost effective management of the Considerable physical damage can be done landscape development, recreational potential, by horse’s hooves to the soft ground surfaces and environmental health of the Botanic Gardens. experienced in wetland areas. A comprehensive Maintenance Plan should be Horse riding is to be prohibited. developed to guide both management and maintenance staff by defining: Trail Bike Riding Noise disturbance to both wildlife and residents. Maintenance Goals, Strategies & Guidelines Causes erosion of trails and parkland Water Quality Monitoring surfaces. Weed Control Danger to pedestrians. Litter Removal Trail bike riding is to be prohibited. Pest Control Fertilising Excavation of Subsurface Soils Pruning Evidence of acid sulphate soils in areas of Replanting similar relative levels nearby suggest Mowing excavation in the basin area may encounter Path Maintenance acid sulphate soils. Irrigation
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Maintenance and Repair of Structures Public Safety Assessment
Recording Procedures Chemicals Usage Maintenance Checks Maintenance Undertaken Safety Checks Disease, Pest and Weed Occurrences and Treatment Effectiveness Specialist Contractors’ Register
Performance Indicators The Maintenance Plan should be segmented to outline differing maintenance requirements and standards needed in differing physiographical zones. The Maintenance Plan needs to be prepared in a flexible, easily comprehended format suitable for use in the field by maintenance staff. Continuing upgrading is necessary to incorporate all changing and newly observed aspects of management and maintenance procedures.
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4.8. Eastern Escarpment Consolidation Arrange with Main Roads to establish slip lanes in Lagoon Street to ensure safe access
and egress from either direction to the This Master Plan review process has resulted in Cremorne Visitor Centre Carpark; [2.3.2] the identification of a number of issues that still remain to be implemented from the initial design process as well as others that need to be revised The existing Lagoon Street bus bay to be or added to ensure that the Gardens continue to converted (signed) as a loading zone to allow be developed, managed and operated at optimum multiple use – bus, car, caravan, trailer, efficiency for the benefit, enjoyment and education delivery, etc; [2.3.1] value to the community. It has been determined by the Botanic Gardens Working Group that the Railway embankment access - tracks each consolidation of stages one and two should be side of the rail embankment to be maintained completed prior to the commencement of stage for occasional maintenance vehicle access; three Meadowlands. [4.2.2.4]
The following is a summary schedule of the 1. Regional Rainforests Bridge & Loop – to identified items, most of which have been allow for maintenance vehicle access; described more fully elsewhere in the master plan [4.2.2.4] text or drawings. The number [in square brackets] refers to the relative clause in this report. 2. Ethno-botany Loop – to allow for maintenance vehicles (and future people Figure 4.04 illustrates the principal locations for movers) to circulate on a road surface not stages 1 & 2 consolidation. lawn; (The numeral in the figure relates to the same one in the following text) 3. World Regional Flora Loop – part of the garden design and also to assist maintenance access; 4.8.1. Additional circulation
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4. World Regional Flora Garden – upgrade and 4.8.2. Infrastructure develop the pathways, shelter and gardens; vehicle accessible decking will be necessary Resolve the Eulamere Wetlands abnormally under the Rain Trees; high water level and weed problems – severe negative impact on the aesthetics, the 5 Coastal Headlands - linkages to restore boardwalk, the Eulamere biological wetlands appropriate access for maintenance vehicles, and cascade; [3.3.2] integrated with the embankment stabilisation process below the water treatment plant; Lawn Terraces Regional Flora – terrace the very steep slopes to facilitate safe lawn 6. Cremorne Visitor Centre lower path – maintenance; or extend the Regional Flora widening the narrow path immediately under gardens south; [3.2.1] the Lagoon Lookout so maintenance vehicles can circulate along the foreshore; Fencing along Nebo Road, Lagoon Street & Lansdowne Road – now necessary due to Tropical Sun Garden access – occasional increased vehicle numbers and speed along access for events vehicles; defer until third the streets, particularly Lagoon Street; [2.3.1] Visitor Centre module is designed;
7. Timber Trees Loop – semicircular loop path 4.8.3. Structures allowing maintenance vehicles (and future people mover) to move between the upper and lower pathways; 12. Ethno-Botany Garden vine supports – install previously designed rosewood fences and 8. Tamarind carpark – formalising and structures; extending the existing rough carpark; 13. Intake Tower Bridge and Lookout – construct 9. Lansdowne / Eulamere Wetlands north a replica of the original heritage truss bridge access – maintenance access from with lookout over the tower; terrace abutment Lansdowne Road along Eulamere Wetlands associated with the roadwork for the water and up the slope to the central pathway treatment plant stabilisation; [4.2.2.4] adjacent Monsoon Forest; 14. Monocot Lagoon Deck & Bamboo Shelter – integrated with the Water Treatment Plant Eulamere to Meadowlands bridge – extending the wetlands access across the bank stabilisation process; the deck is lagoon to provide access to Meadowlands; needed for occasional maintenance access [4.2.1.4] (more logically may be a component to the valves below; the interpretive Shelter of stage 3) provides an excellent lagoon side location for interpretation of the Bamboo monocot collection; [2.5.1] Plan to ultimately raise and widen the existing Eulamere Boardwalk in response to Cremorne Visitor Centre likely climate change impact of raised water Education & Visitor Reference Centre module level.
15. Cremorne Visitor Centre third module – 10. Eulamere Lagoon east foreshore access – multipurpose facility for education / providing access to several locations along interpretation / displays; section to be used the lagoon edge for maintenance removal of as an informal stage for events in the Aquatic weeds; at Eulamere Boardwalk, and Tropical Sun Garden; [4.3.3.5 & figure 4.05] below Screens and Hedges;
A Bunya Pine was planted by the City Eulamere Lagoon west foreshore access– Engineer Ron Dunn in 1987; it is a healthy providing access to several locations along juvenile specimen but the trunk is within the lagoon edge for maintenance removal of 500mm of the northern edge of the proposed Aquatic weeds; (more logically may be a building; its health, viability, ultimate size and component of stage 3) root extent will potentially be compromised by construction of foundations for the third 11. Kaliguil Lagoon east foreshore access - module. providing access to the lagoon edge adjacent to the railway bridge for maintenance removal of Aquatic weeds;
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Careful consideration to be given to plant collection representative of Cherry Tree preservation / removal of the juvenile Bunya Creek. Pine relative to potential safety issues from falling nuts (annually) and interruption to 22. Karloo Bird Hide - remove the derelict bird viewing of the stage from the lawns; it would hide deck and access pathway from the be difficult to redesign the third module south east shore of Kaliguil Lagoon – part of without compromising the overall aesthetic of the construction process for provision of the Visitor Centre complex. maintenance access to the lagoon east foreshore. [4.8.1.11] Cremorne Visitor Centre Orientation Walkway Canopy – organise design for the 23. Regional Rainforest - replace the concrete element to accentuate the direction to and access pathways through the Regional arrival at the central acre of the Gardens; Rainforest gardens. [4.3.3.2] 24. Snake Path - repair the specialised concrete, Eungella Cloud Garden – the original brick and stone mosaic pathway initially enclosure within the Cremorne Visitor Centre established by the Central Queensland requires to be rationalised to allow natural Aboriginal Peoples. [1.8.6.4] rain into the courtyard and methods to reduce impact from south east winds; 25. Palm Walk – rectify the pathway and [3.10.2; 4.3.3.4; 4.9.3] associated surface drainage system which has sunk as a result of collapsed stormwater Other Structures line below.
16. Malta Vine Vault – install the vault over the 26. Sugar Cane Wall – install subsurface pathway extending from the Malta drainage in association with gardens below Colonnade; (already designed stages 1 & 2); the wall to avoid water logging and surface [4.4.1] ponding on adjacent pathway.
Malta Garden – remove the Delonix regia, 27. Malta Bocce Court – investigate subsurface Tipuana tipu, Tamarindus indica and Ficus drainage and make operational or otherwise benjamina which are compromising the install new system. development of the hedges and garden along the Lagoon Street buffer. [3.6.3; 3.7.2] 28. Australian Showcase Garden - re-establish suitable landform, surface drainage and 17. Torres Strait Islander Shelter & Gateways – access pathway to improve all weather encourage the Torres Strait Islander group to access and assist maintenance and mowing. expedite the process for establishing the shelter and the gateway arch; [3.6.5 & 4.4.4] 29. Install additional drinking fountains at Kaliguil Shelter, World Regional Flora Gardens, 18. Tamarind Toilet – new toilet was recently Australian South Sea Islanders Precinct – constructed to service the northern end of the adjacent Islander Hut and old toilet site. site and the Play Garden; [4.3.9]
4.8.4. Eulamere Lagoon 19. Under the Banyan Play Garden completion – extend the play garden by planning and Eulamere Wetlands – water quality and raised constructing the ‘soft’ landscape elements water level problems will be determined by already considered in association with the fig the Lagoons Catchment study; a detail trees; [4.4.5] hydrology study is required to define future design parameters for the proposed elements Specific Rectification Works planned for the lagoon; [2.4.4]
20. Southern access path & bikeway - install subsurface drainage along the path edge at Model Boat Pond – now unlikely but to be the south side of the access tunnel under the determined by Lagoons Catchment study; the railway embankment. local model boat club currently use a lagoon behind super A Mart; [3.3] 21. Cherry Tree Creek – establish suitable landform, surface drainage and erosion control materials and plants to drainage swale south of the railway embankment;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.37 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
4.9. Meadowlands Development Meadowlands to be planned to create an optimum environment for botanic & horticultural research This Master Plan review process has resulted in and development of the CQC bioregional plant the identification of a number of issues, some of communities, taking into consideration the which are from the initial planning and design identified site constraints and opportunities, the process as well as others that are of recent origin; existing and proposed structures and collectively these can assist to ensure that the infrastructure, including specifically the Gardens continue to be developed, managed and appropriate recycling and biological treatment of operated at optimum efficiency for the benefit, the Lagoons water through the integrated enjoyment and education value to the community. waterway system.
The following is a summary schedule of the Specific elements to consider include: identified items, most of which have been described more fully elsewhere in the master plan Site Planning Issues text or drawings. The number [in square brackets] Planning to be environmentally responsive refers to the relative clause in this report. and sustainable demonstrating good practice in all related aspects; 4.9.1. Meadowlands generally Identify the soil characteristics, mapping, The initial Master Plan 2000 proposed extensive qualities and profile throughout the section earthworks to create a landscape symbolic of the (probably 600-700 mm topsoil over 300-400 Pioneer Valley with high mounded perimeter mm hard pan); [3.5] landform enclosing a valley with a system of cascades, lakes and wetlands. However, while Minimise substantial change to existing modification to the existing shallow depression is landform and soil disturbance, except as warranted, it is now considered that this landform necessary to create specific ecological should be minimised and strictly developed conditions for the plant collection and suitable following sustainable and economic parameters. profiles for the waterway system;
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Avoid steep slopes to ensure optimum safe the water supply and treatment plant. It is maintenance conditions; [3.2] important that these be appropriately integrated into Meadowlands. Plan for integrated relationships between – the collection; landform; soil; water; Perimeter Roadwork & Circulation microclimate; circulation; views; etc It is likely that Lansdowne Road will be widened to 7m as part of the link between Ensure detail and specific briefing documents Lagoon Street and the Peak Downs Highway; are prepared to guide detail design - requires this will influence detail planning for integral specific soil mapping and analysis; Meadowlands; [2.3 & 4.2.2.2] [3.5.2] Once increased traffic flows are generated Services along Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road it Wherever possible the principal existing will be necessary to undertake upgrading and future underground services should works; this will be the responsibility of the be contained within a ‘services corridor’ Mackay Regional Council; [2.3] maintained free of major specimens and with ready access for maintenance It is likely that Lansdowne Road upgrade vehicles along most of its length. process will require the construction of a roundabout at the Lansdowne / Alexandra Electric power for the Meadowlands Centre intersection; [2.3] and the adjacent Meadowlands Events facilities will be connected to the existing Water and Hydrology Issues supply lines off Crowleys Road. This source The 2000 master plan provides for an will also supply power to the Mackay Water extensive waterway and biological wetland pump and bores allowing the overhead system to be created within Meadowlands to powerlines across Eulamere Lagoon to be recycle the lagoon water to enhance the water removed. quality for the Botanic Gardens. Recycled water from the upper level waterways is Town water provision will be connected to the planned to cascade down a dramatic waterfall city system. back to the lagoon to increase aeration.
Sewerage provision will be connected to the Development of Meadowlands is planned to city system but this is dependent on supply include a substantial water system of lakes, being made available to adjoining future ponds and cascades. To maximise the residential development. sustainability of the gardens, it is intended to recycle the lagoon water (topped up by Water Open Space Corridor linkages Plant discharge water) through these new The open space corridor along the lagoons waterways and wetlands to achieve biological upstream and downstream from the Botanic purification. EPA testing may then approve Gardens, provides the opportunity to the resultant combined lagoon / discharge significantly extend wildlife habitat through a water to be used for irrigation. [2.5.1] substantial area of existing and renewed vegetation extending each side of the Botanic The settlement ponds will become redundant Gardens linking with the riverine terraces to the water treatment process in 2010. At this along the Pioneer River. [3.8.3] time they may become available for specific Botanic Gardens purposes. Consideration Existing Structures has been given to using the ponds as part of The existing homestead off Alexandra Street the sustainable water supply system linked to is ideally located as a gatehouse as well as a occasional use of the bores. [2.5.1] significant focal element of Meadowlands. It is suggested that subject to structural adequacy Alternatively the settlement ponds could be assessment, the building could be restored to part of research into wetland species and its original character to function as a treatment techniques or removed to add residence for the Curator, manager or senior additional space for the collection. [2.5.1] staff. [4.3.5] It is imperative that the proposed lagoons The Pump House with several other elements catchment hydrological study considers all of including bores and settling ponds are part of the opportunities and constraints suggested by the Botanic Gardens planning, to ensure
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.39 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
that the continuing health and quality of the Vehicle access and parking water in the lagoons and in Meadowlands is Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road provide appropriate and optimum for this significant excellent opportunity to establish substantial scientific and community facility. [3.3] new carparking facilities (approx 500 cars) to serve the overall botanic gardens and particularly for Meadowlands. [4.2.3.3] Multifunction Access Corridor This is planned as the principal construction, From Crowleys Road and the Operations and maintenance, emergency, pedestrian and Maintenance facility – access to bikeway corridor for the third stage of the Meadowlands and across the causeway to development. The route commences at the eastern sections; [4.2.3.3] Lansdowne Road just east of the waterway crossing, traverses along the lower slopes of From Alexandra Street – access to the eastern escarpment, around the Eulamere Meadowlands and across the proposed field recreation area to cross the waterway by lagoon bridge to Eulamere wetlands and the a new bridge linking with the Meadowlands eastern sections; [4.2.3.3] Focus; the corridor then traverses along the western escarpment past the Meadowlands Bicycle Circulation Centre and through the western lagoon flats The Bicycle Plan proposes a western bikeway to a new crossing over Kaliguil Lagoon, route around the Botanic Gardens providing access beside the grassland bird Meadowlands site linking the Blue Water Trail habitat to the Australian South Sea Islands (along Lagoon Street corridor) traversing near Precinct; a western spur link follows along the or along Alexandra Street to Ram Chandra upstream lagoons toward the future Drive. The need to cross Kaliguil Lagoon and residential and industrial areas of Racecourse the railway line makes such a proposal an and Te Kowai and Peak Downs Highway. expensive and difficult proposition. The [4.2] proposed Meadowlands Multifunction Access
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Corridor provides a similar route for this trunk Centre will be limited to the existing carpark and bikeway, obviating the need for cyclists to use now that Lagoon Street has become a major the eastern sections of the Gardens for arterial road the problem of safe access is access. [4.2.1.4] compounded.
Pedestrian Circulation It is anticipated that as the Botanic Gardens Circulation route network will be defined by develop, the main first point of access for local the site planning and design development residents driving to the Botanic Gardens will be to process directly related to the provisions of Meadowlands, given the ease of access and the bioregional collection identified for adequate parking. Effectively, the Meadowlands Meadowlands. Three primary circulation Centre will become the principal node of the routes shall basically follow along a site expanded Botanic Gardens. The Cremorne Visitor contour to provide optimum equal access. Centre will continue to function in the role of Refer figure 4.06 information and education and the first point of access for travelling visitors. Ultimately, Administration and the Herbarium should be 4.9.2. Meadowlands Centre relocated to the Meadowlands Centre to maximise the physical relationships between the The principal structure and central element for administrative, scientific, operation, maintenance Meadowlands has been termed the Meadowlands and nursery functions. Centre. It is a multi function facility that augments and complements the existing Cremorne Visitor Centre. The initial Master Plan 2000 provided for It is acknowledged that the Meadowlands Centre a similar centre based around the existing should attempt to be a largely self funding homestead along Alexandra Street where there is development that responds to the needs of both sufficient space to provide for substantial off street the Botanic Gardens as well as the general car parking. It has always been evident that community. parking associated with the Cremorne Visitor
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established; the existing administration area The Mackay Tourist Information Centre, the in the Cremorne Visitor Centre will allow Australian South Sea Islander Centre and Sugar expansion of visitor information and gallery Research building have all proposed expansion of facilities; their existing developments (adjacent to the The Herbarium and associated scientific Botanic Gardens) which include similar facilities are ideally associated with conference, information gallery and restaurant administration and operations; relocation of facilities to what is under consideration for the the existing Herbarium area in the Cremorne Meadowlands Centre. Visitor Centre will allow expansion of visitor information facilities and gallery facilities; Obviously such developments would impact on Port Cochere – to provide all weather access each other, and on the ongoing development of by coaches to the entry of the Meadowlands the Botanic Gardens for which the master plans of Centre, associated with the road access and both 2000 and 2010 suggested similar conference parking. and restaurant facilities. Consequently it is important that a combined viability / feasibility study involving all such proposed centres be 4.9.2.2. Controlled Environments undertaken before final decisions are made about Meadowlands Conservatory – a specialised development of any of the projects. climate controlled enclosure to accommodate the unique plants of the bioregion that require specific climate controlled environments not The following elements and functions have been able to be provided externally; the Eungella identified as being pertinent to the final Cloud Garden currently incorporated in the composition, planning and development of the Cremorne Visitor Centre requires a more Meadowlands Centre: specialised and larger environment; the exiting enclosure to be retained for less specialised plants that require security. Site Location Shade House – an integral element of the The proposed site for the Meadowlands Centre is Meadowlands Conservatory providing a located on the level ridge (RL 12.0m ) extending second type of controlled environment for in a crescent from Crowleys Road, effectively plants of other differing locations in the CQC following around the top of the western bioregion. escarpment of Eulamere Lagoon. This visually significant location is basically at the physical centre of the overall site and offers extensive 4.9.2.3. Meeting, Conference & Catering views to most areas of the Botanic Gardens, thus Conference, lecture theatre facilities – providing an exceptional location for this important suitable for larger groups and general structure. community use; Community Group meeting place – to attract The view east is across the Meadowlands and provide facilities for all botanic / Events Field and Eulamere Lagoon to the horticultural related community groups; Cremorne Visitor Centre and Precinct; multiple and flexible meeting rooms with The view north provides expansive views appropriate individual storage and possible along the gardens of the eastern escarpment shared secretarial opportunities; (Mackay is (Summerlands and Rawson’s Hollow) and of short of community meeting spaces suitable the Eulamere Lagoon valley; for 20 – 40 persons); The wide view to the west includes most of Restaurant – with optimum location and visual Meadowlands, highlighting the cascades and relationship to the Gardens, the proposed waterways with the Meadowlands Focus conference facilities and close to adequate Tower and Bioregional Shelter being the parking; the Meadowlands Centre is an ideal major focal points; location for a quality restaurant which should To the south views over Kaliguil Lagoon and incorporate a multipurpose kitchen to serve toward Balmoral and the South Sea Islanders two large functions at same time; Precinct are available. Investigate viability of a purpose built cooking pit and facilities within a surrounding garden court for special cuisine preparation; 4.9.2.1. Administration & Scientific Establish nearby kitchen gardens for produce Botanic Gardens administration is proposed to be used in the restaurant; demonstrate to be relocated from the Cremorne Visitor cooking and growing, sustainability; Centre once Meadowlands has become well
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4.9.2.4. College of Horticulture The existing TAFE College has severely restrictive conditions in the Mackay city centre site which preclude optimum operation for the horticulture section. The opportunity is identified to incorporate horticultural training college facilities in the Meadowlands Centre; Lecture rooms could be multipurpose with College / Pubic sharing facilities; Students will apply and develop their skills through work experience by assisting in the Gardens Nursery, garden horticulture, landscape construction and maintenance; The proposal was initially suggested in the 2000 Master Plan and the TAFE college staff remain supportive of the concept; Franklin River, Strahan, Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania It is recommended that immediate and appropriate steps be taken to promote, agree and achieve this objective; It is not uncommon for an academic institution to be established as part of a Botanic Gardens and in this case provide a unique and beneficial opportunity for both parties;
4.9.2.5. Entrepreneurial Attraction Mackay Tourism have suggested the possible entrepreneurial development of a specialised attraction based around the Platypus and Echidna (the world’s only monotremes - egg laying mammals) possibly called a ‘Platysorium’; Identify and develop a unique regional Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania attraction to benefit the Gardens through increased visitation and multiple use of adjacent facilities proposed for the Meadowlands Centre. There may be other potential or alternative attractions that could be identified and considered.
The following photographs illustrate comparable visitor centre structures which utilise principles of sustainability constructed recently in other parks & gardens.
Twelve Apostles, Port Campbell, Victoria Timber Industry Centre, Scottsdale, Tasmania
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.43 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
4.9.3. Meadowlands Events specialised places of interest to the community.
Master planning for stage three of the Mackay Site planning for the Meadowlands Events Regional Botanic Gardens has identified a large Precinct has considered the following related precinct within the section known as parameters and suggested a broad layout taking Meadowlands, on the shores of Eulamere Lagoon advantage of the suitable site conditions and and directly opposite (west of) the existing integrated with the proposed expansion of the Cremorne Visitor Centre, as an events precinct to plant collection throughout Meadowlands. complement the botanic and horticultural elements of this important community facility. Refer to figures 4.08 & 4.09
The Meadowlands Events precinct is centrally located in the overall Botanic Gardens site with 4.9.3.1. Meadowlands Outdoor Performance appropriate landform, slopes, and aspects as well Centre as excellent visual and acoustic relationships to surrounding areas; the site also has direct access The natural slopes below the Meadowlands to extensive parking areas and is closely Centre down to the Eulamere Lagoon provide associated with the proposed Meadowlands an ideal location for an amphitheatre for Centre the future core administrative facility of the outdoor performance; the site is to remain as Botanic Gardens. lawn given the continuing use as a bore field by Mackay Water [2.5.1]; Most Botanic Gardens now plan to host events which appeal to wider community interest groups Section of the bioregional specimen shade with the intent to market and promote the Gardens tree collection should be incorporated into the to people who may not otherwise consider visiting. design of the amphitheatre surrounds, with Meadowlands presents the opportunity to develop specimens carefully located to ensure an integrated central venue incorporating meeting optimum aspect and visual qualities; facilities, restaurant, outdoor performance amphitheatre, market area and a range of other The outdoor performance amphitheatre area
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may need to be fenced off for some events for specialised community use and small with pay for entry; permanent fencing would individual or group festivities. also ensure security of the plant collection; 4.9.3.3. Stage One development Provision of onsite storage space (associated Given the planning, design and feasibility issues with the amphitheatre stage?) for events identified earlier, it is likely that the construction of materials; permanent furniture could be the Meadowlands Centre will take some years to available for rental as an income stream; become a reality. However initial establishment of the Meadowlands Events - Outdoor Performance Provide three phase power; connect to Centre is planned for immediate commencement. existing power supply off Crowleys Road; There is a close physical, functional and aesthetic relationship between these two important Ensure existing and proposed water supply components. Importantly direct vehicle access is and recycling lines and related access available to Crowleys Road and the proposed provisions are integrated with the events multifunction access corridor. It is recommended facilities; that the amphitheatre design and construction process incorporates the related elements Provide permanent and temporary toilets appropriately to create a strong initial visual focus appropriately located with connection to for Meadowlands, particularly when viewed from sewerage or holding tanks; the Cremorne Visitor Centre.
Research indicates that Mackay needs a suitable Refer to figures 4.08 & 4.09. venue for up to 10,000 people. This situation has been compounded by the recent demolition of the Outdoor Performance Centre nearby Canelands amphitheatre. The The principal elements to be established include: Meadowlands section of the Botanic Gardens Landform modification for amphitheatre provides a suitable location for a replacement Vehicle access to stage facility particularly for the smaller more specialised Provision of power supply – 3 phase and sophisticated events; adequate areas for Provision for temporary toilets parking are available off Crowleys Road and Stage lighting & event production tower Alexandra Street. Large events might best be Shade & shelter structure at top of slope located at the new showgrounds given the Level area at top of slope for concessions possible associated damage to specialised plants Pedestrian access pathways and gardens. Parking Crowleys Road
Consequently it is important to prepare a Introduction to Meadowlands Management Policy stating the required rules, The shade structure, event tower and level regulations and parameters that define suitable concession area at the top of the slope are closely events to be staged at the Botanic Gardens. related to the future Meadowlands Centre, with the potential to provide the first point of contact for visitors to this section of the Botanic Gardens site. 4.9.3.2. Events Fields Consequently these multipurpose structures The area below and beside the Meadowlands should incorporate signage to inform and interpret Outdoor Performance Amphitheatre down to the concept for the progressive development of Eulamere Lagoon provides an ideal level Meadowlands. location for community events such as fairs and markets; the site is to remain as lawn given the continuing use as a bore field by Mackay Water. The following photographs illustrate a comparable Section of the bioregional specimen shade outdoor performance venue in Moreton Bay tree collection should be incorporated into the Regional Council which has similar site conditions design of the events fields area, with and configuration to the Meadowlands Events specimens carefully located to ensure site. optimum aspect and visual qualities;
Lawn areas of varying size and form, to be also associated with the Meadowlands Centre and the proposed waterways to be available
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.45 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Pine Rivers Park Amphitheatre viewing arena 90 metres slope down to stage and 120 metres wide terrace around the top of the slope
Entertainment production & events control centre
Stage raised above flood level; note terraced seating area Extensive level terrace for events concessions complete with power, water & other facilities- 150 metres x 25 metres
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4.9.4. Meadowlands Focus The ramps and terraces are integrated with the specifically constructed abstract escarpment and This is a specialised circulation element which terraced waterfall cascading down into Eulamere provides pedestrian and maintenance vehicle Lagoon originating from the waterways flowing access up the western escarpment from the through the CQC Bioregion Plant Collection in Eulamere Lagoon Boardwalk to Meadowlands. Meadowlands. Inspiration for the terraces and The structure is a series of ramps and terraces water cascade is provided by the stratified rock with an integrated observation tower planned to and waterways across the Pioneer River provide a vertical visual identity element to define downstream of Dumbleton Weir. the location and provide high level views over Eulamere Lagoon and Meadowlands.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.47 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Northern exposure blocked The site overlooks Meadowlands to the north which currently slopes down across the central depression. The proposed development includes raised perimeter landform and the establishment of the Meadowlands Centre together with the intensive forest planting, which will screen the view to the north and place the housing in shade.
4.9.5.1. Alexandra Street - alternative site Should such a development proceed the preferable location is on the terrace along Alexandra Street, overlooking the Gardens to the Dumbleton - inspiration for Meadowlands Water east. This elevated location will maintain views Terraces and sun exposure with minimal interruption by vegetation or other Gardens developments. A dense belt of riverine forest will be established on the slopes down to the lagoon below this site. Bioregional Shelter 4.9.5.2. Sustainable Landscape Opportunity This structure is the third element, with the One potential major impact on the Gardens is the Meadowlands Centre and Meadowlands introduction and invasion of both native and exotic Focus, forming the axis triangle visually weed species through the associated landscape integrating and assisting orientation around works surrounding the residential units. Should Meadowlands. The shelter is located at the this development continue, then it should be top of the western arm of the waterway at the carefully managed to demonstrate the use of junction of three of the major pathways. It is selected bioregional species to create optimum located within the undulating meadows at the landscapes in which sustainability in every facet is edge of the forest along the stream. observed and managed as an adjunct to the
overall sustainability practised and demonstrated
by the Botanic Gardens. 4.9.5. Meadowlands Housing Potential funding opportunity Council has recently investigated the possibility of While the Alexandra Street site is of real value to developing section of the botanic gardens site the ongoing establishment of the botanic along Crowleys Road for multiple housing. There collection it is the one area of the site that could are three basic reasons why such a development arguably be sacrificed, provided Council of this site is not desirable. commits the proceeds of the development process to be invested in the continuing Site area limitations establishment and management of the Botanic The Botanic Gardens site, although Gardens. Similar development of surplus land in apparently extensive, is effectively not large other botanic gardens has resulted in substantial enough to accommodate all of the desirable benefit and reduced the investment from the botanic and horticultural research and Council budget. demonstration opportunities provided by this diverse bioregion. The Central Queensland Sustainability demonstration opportunity Coast Bioregion is one of the more important, Should this development proceed, it is strongly diverse and significant in the state given the recommended that the planning and design be the interface of the tropical and subtropical subject of a specific selection process or vegetation that occurs only here. competition to identify a suitable architectural concept that demonstrates optimum sustainability Proximity to Operations and Maintenance in housing for the tropics, utilising all available This site is opposite the Operations, technology. This would be integrated with the Maintenance and Nursery facility which is incorporation of sustainable landscape to used on a daily basis from early morning by collectively make a major ‘must see’ and ‘must gardens staff with consequent vehicle live in’ destination for locals and visitors alike. This movements and associated noise. is an opportunity that is rarely presented that arguably would integrate well with both state and federal government initiatives.
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Meadowlands Housing Indicative sustainable tropical design
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.49 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
ACTION SUMMARY: Section 4 – MASTER PLANNING PROCESS The following items extracted from this section of the 2010 Master Plan report define the principal priorities and actions recommended to ensure the continuing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens.
MP Ref: The numeric reference to the various clauses and sections in the 2010 Master Plan Priority: 1 – immediate; 2 – short term; 3 – long term Responsibility: MRC Mackay Regional Council; MRBG Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens HRG Horticultural Reference Group Friends MRBG Friends & Volunteers Herbarium MRBG Herbarium Stage 1&2 consolidation works for stages 1 & 2 Stage 3 planning and design for stage 3, Meadowlands
MP ref Item Précis Action Priority Responsibility Primary Pedestrian circulation - this pathway network forms a This network is to be progressively series of circuits with varying planned in detail as an integral MRBG themes and lengths to create element of the design development 1 4.2.1 2 Stage 1&2 interest and diversity for process for the various botanic, Stage 3 visitors. Circuits will range in horticultural and garden areas distances from approximately throughout the Botanic Gardens. 500m to 2.0km. This corridor is to be progressively planned as an integral element of the design development process for Meadowlands. The route commences at Lansdowne Road, traverses south along the lower Multifunction Access Corridor - slopes of the eastern escarpment, This is planned as the principal around the Eulamere field access route for recreation area, crossing the Meadowlands, providing for lagoon by a new bridge linking with construction, maintenance and 4.2.1.1 the Meadowlands Focus; MRC emergency vehicles as well as 4.2.1.4 continuing along the western 2 MRBG for pedestrian circulation and a 4.2.2.2 escarpment, beside the Stage 3 bikeway corridor (a trunk Meadowlands Centre and bikeway along this route is Meadowlands Events precinct suggested by the Mackay across the western lagoon flats to a Bikeway Plan). new bridge over Kaliguil Lagoon to
the Australian South Sea Islander Precinct; a western spur link follows along the lagoons toward the future residential and industrial areas of Racecourse, Te Kowai and Peak Downs Highway. Secondary Pedestrian circulation - this pathway network basically This network is to be progressively integrates with the primary planned in detail as an integral MRBG circulation system but offers element of the design development 1 4.2.1.2 Stage 1&2 more variety of experience and 2 process for the various botanic, Stage 3 indirect access between horticultural and garden areas different plant communities throughout the Botanic Gardens. and display areas. Lagoon Street footpath (outside the Botanic Gardens) Encourage Council and Mackay Water from Nebo Road past the to incorporate this public footpath in MRC 4.2.1.2 Water Treatment Plant to the conjunction with associated adjacent existing carpark providing works access to the Visitor Centre
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Orientation Walkway, This path is an important physical and visual component of the formal approach to the Botanic Gardens from Nebo Road. Tertiary pedestrian circulation - This network is to be progressively forms a sometimes complex planned in detail as an integral MRBG system of small paths, steps element of the design development 1 4.2.1.3 2 Stage 1&2 and ramps providing access process for the various botanic, Stage 3 within the various horticultural and garden areas communities. throughout the Botanic Gardens. The primary vehicle and pedestrian circulation network to be designed to This network is to be progressively accommodate construction, planned in detail as an integral MRBG 4.2.2 emergency and maintenance 2 element of the design development Stage 3 vehicles. These vehicles will process for the Botanic Gardens. be able to access the site through eight designated entry points. Provide sufficient on-site car and coach parking for day to day activities and consider also provision for occasional Progressively provide and expand on- 2 MRBG 4.2.2.3 large events. Five locations site car parking facilities as the 3 Stage 3 logically related to specific Gardens develop existing or planned facilities have been identified for on-site parking. Plan and construct these additional Analysis of the gardens links as soon as possible: following construction of Railway embankment access track stages one and two have Kaliguil foreshore access revealed the need for a Regional Rainforests bridge & loop number of circulation links Ethnobotany loop MRBG World Regional Flora loop 1 Stage 1&2 4.2.2.4 located to allow optimum 2 Coastal Headlands access Stage 3 maintenance access throughout the site. These will Cremorne Visitor Centre lower path also facilitate future people Timber Trees loop mover routes around the Eulamere Lagoon foreshore access gardens. Eulamere Wetlands access Eulamere - Meadowlands bridge Cremorne Visitor Centre - third module will provide facilities to The growing demand for allow the science of botany educational visits by school groups and horticulture to be made and the community generally available to the public through MRBG 4.3.3.2 demands that this module be interpretation and education by 1 Stage 1&2 4.3.3.5 established immediately if the display, lecture, image and Botanic Gardens are to maintain workshops. The associated their current positive influence. Orientation Walkway canopy
provides an all weather link from the street. The nursery, maintenance and operations facility is the central functional element of the The detail planning for the nursery MRBG Botanic Gardens. Plants and operations centre will be 1 Stage 1&2 4.3.4 2 produced in the nursery are required to follow Australian 3 Stage 3 primarily for establishment in Standards for control of nutrient the Botanic Garden. runoff into adjacent waterways.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.51 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
The existing nursery facilities to be Nursery expansion - expanded as soon as possible to 1 MRBG 4.3.4 production of plants for allow production of the CQC 2 Stage 1&2 Meadowlands bioregion species for Meadowlands. Gatehouse Residence - the existing homestead off Alexandra Street is ideally located for security as a Subject to structural adequacy gatehouse as well as a MRBG assessment, the building could be 2 4.3.5 significant focal element of Stage 3 restored to its original character to 3 Meadowlands. Alternatively a function as a gatehouse residence. suitable residence could be incorporated into the Operations, Maintenance and Nursery Precinct. Adjacent Developments - Australian South Sea Islander Centre expansion; Mackay It is important that a combined Tourist Information Centre; viability / feasibility study involving Mackay Sugar Research the Botanic Gardens Meadowlands Redevelopment - these Centre and the three other similar 1 MRC 4.3.7 proposals impact on the adjacent centres be undertaken 2 MRBG ongoing development of the before final decisions are made Botanic Gardens for which the about development of any of the master plans of both 2000 and projects. 2010 suggested similar conference and restaurant facilities. Mackay Water Treatment plant - expansion and rehabilitation works have required that the forest be removed and There is potential to enhance the replaced with smaller trees environmental and visual qualities that are more suited to the of the Water Treatment Plant by MRC 4.3.8 water treatment elements. It is 1 appropriately organised industrial important that this complex be scale landscape and planting to integrated into the overall complement the Botanic Gardens. suburban character of West Mackay and specifically within the associated areas of the Botanic Gardens. Malta Garden - the colonnade structure is planned to support Construct the barrel vault structure – MRBG 4.4.1 a barrel vaulted pergola over documentation has been prepared as 1 Stage 1&2 the main pathway to define the part of stage one. entry to the Malta Garden. Torres Strait Islander Garden - the Islanders intend to sculpt a traditional entry gateway from three of the Harbour Pole Logs to span across and define the entrance pathway from the Encourage and assist the Islanders to MRBG 4.4.4 Tamarind carpark. A traditional continue with involvement in the 1 Stage 1&2 shelter, to be located off the continuing development of the Gardens main pathway as the central garden focus adjacent ceremonial dancing lawn and the area for cooking and feasting.
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Play Garden – the second phase of development is located under and around the adjacent shady Fig Trees - ‘Our Backyard’ - is planned to MRBG Continue the progressive development provide a storytelling area, 1 Stage 1&2 4.4.5 of this important educational and 2 Stage 3 hands-on gardening and other physical activity component 3 opportunities for children to interact with their natural environment, without the use of ‘off the shelf’ play equipment. Meadowlands Focus - Maintenance vehicle and pedestrian access up the slope between Eulamere Lagoon This important circulation and visual wetland boardwalk / bridge component to be progressively system and Meadowlands is planned and established as an MRBG 4.4.6 by a series of terraces and 2 Stage 3 integral element of the design ramps. A high level development process for observation tower is an Meadowlands. integral component, planned to provide the major focal point in views up, down and across Eulamere Lagoon. Intake Tower Lookout - restore Erect a replica bridge and lookout the original lightweight metal deck to take advantage of the truss bridge spanning from the excellent views upstream and MRBG 4.4.7 escarpment to the top of the 1 downstream along both Kaliguil and Stage 1&2 historic intake tower beside Eulamere Lagoons. Eulamere Lagoon near the
causeway. Coastal Headlands Terraces - the steep fill embankment below the Water Treatment Plant is to be stabilised by a Liaise with Mackay Water to ensure 1 MRBG 4.4.8 series of retaining walls, optimum restoration of the landform, 2 Stage 1&2 terraces and reformed circulation and the plant collection. pathways; slopes to be revegetated with coastal headland species. Cuban Royal Palm Streetscape – this very It is fundamentally important to significant existing streetscape suitably register and preserve this of formal avenues of Cuban heritage element of the Mackay Royal Palms spans across townscape. It has influenced the Nebo Road from the former character of the adjacent area of 4.5.1 1 MRC Bureau of Sugar Experiment the Botanic Gardens - the Gateway Stations gardens, extending Gardens and World Regional Flora from the railway overpass to Gardens located adjacent to this the Water Treatment Plant. heritage streetscape. The palms are visually and historically very significant. Adjacent Streetscapes - Detail planning and design for specialised landscape these external and internal road treatments based on the MRC corridors should be closely 1 MRBG 4.5.1 particular use of bioregional 2 integrated with the adjacent Stage 1&2 tree species are recommended 3 landform, landscape elements, Stage 3 along the associated adjacent visual context and character. road corridors of Nebo Road
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.53 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
and Lagoon Street as well as Lansdowne Road, Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road. Landscape Axes & Focal Points - landscape planning for the site has defined ten landscape axes and a series of Ensure that continuing management of existing garden and landscape areas 1 MRBG focal points, which generally 2 4.5.2 and the development of new sections Stage 1&2 occur as the genesis of or at 3 observe the recommendations of the Stage 3 the intersection of the various master plan to establish and maintain axes. These elements assist to the visual characteristics of the site orientate the visitor as the site is traversed. Bird Observation - as the Gardens vegetation develops additional bird observation Ensure that continuing management of locations will become apparent wildlife is enhanced by appropriate MRBG 2 4.5.6 and should be appropriately observation facilities to encourage 3 Stage 1&2 formalised. Shelter, seating, habitat development and related Stage 3 identification and information observation signage to be incorporated at each location. Cremorne Visitor Centre linear Consider the provision of a line of axis - definition of the view aerated jets installed diagonally corridor along the axis across the lagoon. (It is anticipated MRBG 4.5.7 between the Cremorne Visitor 2 that increased water aeration may Stage 3 Centre and the Meadowlands be a recommendation of the Focus across Eulamere lagoons hydraulic study.) Lagoon. Security - adequate security is Progressively establish site required to the Botanic perimeter fencing carefully located Gardens to prevent physical and designed to ensure security MRBG damage, theft and vandalism barriers are both aesthetically 1 4.6.1 2 Stage 1&2 as well as adequate protection acceptable and physically effective. Stage 3 from environmental damage The upgrading of Lagoon Street through pest, disease, floods has made fencing an urgent and storms. necessity for safety reasons. Plan and design to utilise excess Services infrastructure - water, water treatment plant discharge power, drainage and water to develop a sustainable communication services will irrigation system that does not require to be provided and depend on town water. MRBG extended throughout the Consider appropriate use of all 1 4.6.2 2 Stage 1&2 Botanic Gardens. Emphasise sustainable alternative energy Stage 3 optimum application and use sources such as solar & wind of appropriate sustainability power, lighting, etc particularly in principles. the third module of the Cremorne Visitor Centre and the Meadowlands Centre. All future detail planning and design Stormwater - recent intense should ensure that stormwater rainfall events indicate that flows are collected, distributed and / installed surface drainage has or dispersed though appropriately not always been able to cope sized surface and subsurface 1 MRBG successfully. This has resulted 2 4.6.2 drainage systems, complete with all Stage 1&2 in overflows and concentration 3 necessary GPT or other water Stage 3 of water causing mulch and quality devices. Existing soil erosion as well as constructed areas should be increased water table and investigated to rectify any identified saturated soils. stormwater problem areas.
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Signage - an initial signage strategy has been prepared to Rationalise and update the existing MRBG coordinate the range of sign signage strategy as part of the 1 4.6.5 2 Stage 1&2 types and functions, and to stage three planning and 3 Stage 3 define the design, graphic and development process. fabrication parameters. Incompatible Activities - due to the environmental sensitivity of Ensure formalised, enforceable the lagoon wetlands and the rules and/or by-laws are desirability of maintaining established to appropriately govern water quality, it is the sustainable use and 1 MRBG 4.7.1 recommended that activities 2 management of the Botanic likely to be undertaken by Gardens. (Mackay Regional visitors and surrounding Council local laws apply to and can residents be appropriately be enforced by the Botanic managed, controlled and/or Gardens prohibited. Landscape Management and Develop a comprehensive Maintenance - effective Management Plan to guide staff in operational strategies are ongoing establishment and critical to the cost effective maintenance procedures defining – 1 4.7.2 MRBG management of the landscape Maintenance Goals, Strategies and 2 development, recreational Guidelines; Recording Procedures; potential, and environmental Performance Indicators. health of the Botanic Gardens. Stages One & Two Consolidation - it has been Refer to the summary schedule of recommended by the Botanic the identified items for the list of Gardens Working Group that identified and recommended MRBG 4.8 1 the consolidation of stages one procedures to basically complete Stage 1&2 and two should be completed the first two stages of development prior to the commencement of stage three Meadowlands. Meadowlands Development - Meadowlands to be planned to the initial Master Plan 2000 create an optimum environment for proposed extensive botanic & horticultural research and earthworks to create a development of the CQC landscape symbolic of the bioregional plant communities, Pioneer Valley mounded taking into consideration the perimeter landform enclosing a 2 MRBG 4.9 identified site constraints and system of cascades, lakes and 3 Stage 3 opportunities; the existing and wetlands. It is now considered proposed structures and that this amended landform infrastructure; appropriate recycling should be minimised and and biological treatment of the strictly developed following Lagoons water through the sustainable and economic integrated waterway system. parameters. Meadowlands Centre - as the Botanic Gardens develop the Meadowlands Centre will It is important that a combined become the principal node of viability / feasibility study involving the expanded Botanic the Botanic Gardens Meadowlands Gardens. It is acknowledged MRC Centre and the three other similar 2 4.9.2 that the Meadowlands Centre MRBG adjacent centres be undertaken 3 should attempt to be a largely Stage 3 before final decisions are made self funding development that about development of any of the responds to the needs of both projects. the Botanic Gardens as well as the general community.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 4.55 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Meadowlands Events precinct comprising the Outdoor Performance Centre and Events Fields - is centrally located in the overall Botanic Gardens site with appropriate landform, slopes, and aspects
as well as excellent visual and MRC 2 4.9.3 acoustic relationships to MRBG Plan and develop this significant 3 Stage 3 surrounding areas; the site community events and entertainment also has direct access to venue as an integral component of the extensive parking areas and is Botanic Gardens and Meadowlands closely associated with the particularly proposed Meadowlands Centre the future core administrative facility of the Botanic Gardens. Outdoor Performance Centre: It is recommended that the initial Initial establishment of the amphitheatre design and Meadowlands Events – construction process appropriately Outdoor Performance Centre incorporates the related elements is planned for immediate 1 MRC 4.9.3.3 of Meadowlands Centre and Events commencement. There is a 2 MRBG to create a strong initial visual focus close physical, functional and for Meadowlands, particularly when aesthetic relationship between viewed from the Cremorne Visitor Meadowlands Centre and Centre. Meadowlands Events. Meadowlands Focus - a specialised circulation element which provides access up the western escarpment from the Eulamere Lagoon Boardwalk to Meadowlands; the structure Plan and develop this significant incorporates a series of ramps, circulation and visual element as an 2 MRBG 4.9.4 terraces and observation integral component of the Botanic 3 Stage 3 tower; integrated with the Gardens and Meadowlands particularly terraced waterfall cascading down the embankment into Eulamere Lagoon from the waterways through the CQC Bioregion Plant Collection. Meadowlands Housing - Planning and design for this if such a development is to development should be organised proceed the preferred location to demonstrate and manage is on the terrace along sustainability in every facet, Alexandra Street overlooking including the use of selected MRC the Gardens to the east. This 2 4.9.5 bioregional species to create an MRBG elevated location will maintain 3 optimum sustainable landscape as Stage 3 views and optimum sun an adjunct to the overall exposure with minimal sustainability practiced and interruption by vegetation or demonstrated by the Botanic other Gardens developments. Gardens.
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Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.5 THE PLANT COLLECTION relationship with the Sarina-Proserpine lowlands and ranges. Gloucester Island is on the northern boundary of 5.1. Plant Collection Generally the Central Queensland Coast and the Brigalow Belt bioregions. However although situated on a A Regional Botanic Garden is primarily concerned drier corridor, it has close floristic affinities to the with the research, interpretation and display of the Central Queensland Coast. flora of the surrounding region. The primary focus of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens is on Sections of the Brigalow Belt bioregion are the flora of the Central Queensland Coast physically related to the Mackay region and bioregion based on the reference “The although the coastal climate will not allow Conservation Status of Queenslands Bioregional establishment of some of the plants a number of Ecosystems” Sattler & Williams (1999) and species are already growing successfully in the subsequent revisions. The CQC bioregion is Gardens and others are well worth trialing – centred on the high-rainfall coastal lowlands especially in light of potential climate change extending between the hills and lowlands around impacts of longer dry periods with lower humidity. Byfield in the south and Carmila-Proserpine in the north, including the Clarke-Connors Ranges to the west. It is surrounded by the Brigalow Belt 5.1.1. Bioregional Subregions bioregion that reaches the coast in dry corridors such as the corridor between Shoalwater Bay and The CQC bioregion contains a wide range of Carmila. ecosystems and associated plant communities extending from the island and mainland foreshores to the upland rainforests of the ranges. The region is subdivided physio-graphically into six subregions, previously known as ‘provinces’.
Subregion 1 Whitsunday Coastal hills, ranges and drowned coastline – dominantly notophyll rainforest.
Subregion 2 Sarina-Proserpine Lowlands Alluvial and estuarine sediments with acid intrusive low hills – dominantly paperbark and Eucalypt woodlands with some savannah Eucalypt woodlands and notophyll rainforest.
Subregion 3 Clarke-Connors Ranges High moist parts of the ranges predominantly granite – dominantly notophyll rainforest, eucalypt forest and woodlands.
Subregion 4 Byfield Low to steep hilly country on intermediate and basic volcanics and metasediments – dominantly eucalypt forest and scattered notophyll rainforest.
Subregion 5 Manifold High parabolic dunes and sand plains north of Yeppoon – dominantly shrublands and paperbark Central Queensland Coast Bioregion forests.
Subregion 6 Debella The Brigalow corridor isolates Byfield and Debella lies at the northern end of the bioregion Manifold as outlier subregions. Although the sand and includes the coastal plain, the lowlands masses of these two subregions have floristic surrounding the Faust Dam, and areas to the west links to the southern sand masses, there is a of the Clarke Range at the headwaters of the Don distinct tropical element and the non-sand-mass River. It is characterised by extensive Tertiary flora and the climate have a much closer sandplains underlain by a zone of consolidated
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens sedimentary material at a depth of about 0.3 to texture contrast soils of low to moderate fertility 1.5m. derived from shales, slates and gneisses.
The characteristic vegetation is paperbark, bulloak Land Zone 12 and eucalypt woodlands. It also includes the Mesozoic to Proterozoic igneous rocks forming granite outcrops of Cape Gloucester and ranges, hills and lowlands – lithosols and texture Gloucester Island, and the northern end of the contrast soils of usually low fertility derived from Dryander Range, which support open eucalypt granites, granodiorites, andesites and rhyolites. woodlands, acacia shrublands and small areas of semi-deciduous vine thicket 5.2. Components and Themes
5.1.2. Bioregional Ecosystems The Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens has the potential to attain national significance, given the The region is divided into seven Land Zones each varied site characteristics which provide the of which is related to specific geology and soil opportunity to establish a diverse range of types. A range of ecosystems is supported on regional plant communities and associations. each of the zones. Refer to the attached summary schedule of bioregional ecosystems extracted There is considerable botanic and horticultural from the “The Conservation Status of value in developing a collection that specifically Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems”. researches and displays plants as components of various bioregional environments. One specific The Land Zones are described as follows: emphasis should be on the ex-situ conservation of rare and threatened species of the region when it Land Zone 1 is practical to provide suitable conditions for their Quaternary marine deposits subject to periodic establishment and long-term survival. inundation by saline or brackish waters – predominantly saline muds. The collection should be arranged in ways that maximise the botanic and horticultural attributes to Land Zone 2 create an essentially unique assemblage of plants Quaternary coastal dunes and beaches, including which extends throughout the various garden degraded dunes, sand plains, swales, dune lakes components and themes planned to be developed and swamps – predominantly siliceous or over time. calcareous sands, podsols or peats. Living Collections Policy Land Zone 3 The mission statement contained in the ‘Living Cainozoic alluvial plains and piedmont fans, Collections Policy’ prepared for the Mackay terraces, levees, swamps and channels – soils Regional Botanic Gardens states the philosophy include deep cracking clays, loams, earths and clearly: poorly developed alluvial soils. “To display, preserve, research and interpret the Land Zone 5 botanical and horticultural values of the regional Extensive uniform near level or gently undulating flora, in a facility that enhances public enjoyment plains. Soils are usually sands, earths or texture while increasing knowledge of and cultural links to contrast and often overlie laterite profiles – the plant kingdom.” includes extensive sand plains of uncertain origin overlying weathered or unweathered bedrock. Preferred Themes It is generally accepted by most Botanic Gardens Land Zone 8 that the thematic structure of the gardens and the Cainozoic extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks associated plant collection should primarily follow and flood basalts of diverse origins forming hills, ecological groupings, (which are preferable to cones, plains and scarps – soils include black taxonomic groupings on horticultural grounds), earths, (krasnozems?), shallow clays and lithosols and for their greater educational and interpretative of generally moderate to high fertility. value. Other themes have become important in recent years – conservation, ethno-botany, Land Zone 11 climate change and sustainability. These reflect Mesozoic to Proterozoic metamorphosed the growing worldwide concern for conservation of sediments and imbedded volcanics forming the threatened natural environments and for ranges, hills and lowlands – lithosols and shallow preserving and researching cultural initiatives.
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The following descriptions outline the main also demonstrate the potential use of Australian thematic structure generally used for the plant plants and encourage people to use and value collections of Botanic Gardens as described in the them in cultivation. Australian National Botanic Garden Plan of Management 1993. In various areas of the gardens, such as around buildings and in service and amenity areas, the 5.2.1. Ecological need to provide an attractive landscape setting takes a high priority. Areas can be designed and Plantings with an ecological theme are a relatively planted according to accepted landscape recent development in Botanic Gardens, reflecting principles, to enhance the built environment or to increasing public interest in the natural provide aesthetically pleasing areas for visitor environment. Such plantings display a wide enjoyment and to demonstrate the possible use of taxonomic range of species from the same or such plants for commercial and residential similar habitats, providing an excellent basis for gardens. interpretative and educational programs. They are easier to manage because the same 5.2.5. Biogeographic and Evolutionary environmental conditions and horticultural management are appropriate to the entire Consideration of the origin and relationships of planting. The problems of pests and diseases are Australian vegetation is important to an also reduced, in that a pest or disease specific to understanding of the flora as it currently exists. a certain taxonomic group of plants does not The evolution and biography of the Australian devastate the entire planting. flora has long been accepted as a distinct aspect of the thematic character of botanic gardens. 5.2.2. Conservation Material on the evolution and biogeography of the flora has largely been limited to interpretative The past decade has been marked by increasing signs and brochures. A major interpretative worldwide awareness of the richness and diversity display dealing with the origins and relations of of our botanical heritage, its value to humanity, Australian plants in the Mackay region would be and the need for active conservation in the face of appropriate in the development of the Gardens. the rapidly accelerating impacts of human development. Botanic Gardens have both an 5.2.6. Ethnobotanic opportunity and a responsibility for significant involvement in these conservation efforts. The Ethno-botany, the study of human use of plants, International Convention on Conservation of has always been of public interest and is Biodiversity, adopted in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, becoming a major theme of many Botanic recognised and brought to the fore this important Gardens. The planning and management of these role of Botanic Gardens. elements should involve the local traditional owners or other relevant migrant communities.
5.2.3. Taxonomic Local representatives of the following groups have
Historically, Botanic Gardens have used the assisted with the establishment of the relative taxonomic theme as a method of displaying plant components of the Mackay Regional Botanic collections. This was primarily because many of Gardens - Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, the early Botanic Gardens were attached to Australian South Sea Islander and the Maltese universities where the medicinal properties and community. the systematics of plants were being studied. Taxonomic plantings have been used regularly by 5.2.7. Research Collections researchers, educators and students, taking Specific collections which demonstrate or are advantage of the convenience of having plants to assembled to facilitate scientific research by be studied and compared growing in the one Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens staff or in location. Consequently there will be limited use of collaboration with other organisations. Section of this theme. the site has been previously used for research as the historic Acclimatisation Gardens and later by 5.2.4. Ornamental and Landscape the Queensland Department of Primary Industries.
The way in which a botanic garden displays its Research includes the evaluation of local plants is often considered an indication of the bioregional species for introduction into horticultural and design expertise as well as the commercial horticulture for landscape use and professionalism within the organisation. For this associated horticultural practices or products. reason aesthetically designed horticultural Maintaining accurate records is a core displays using native annuals, cultivars and mixed responsibility to ensure optimum scientific plantings are important features. Such plantings research value.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.3 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.3. Annex Sites species, historic structures and memorials. The avenues of tropical trees Delonix regia While most of the bioregional flora will be able to and huge multi-trunked Ficus bengalensis are be established on the Lagoons site there will be well over a century old. The Ken Burgess difficulties with some of the more specialised Tropical Display House houses a collection of communities. In order to create a truly regional 3,000 orchids and numerous foliage plants. focus covering a range of climatic conditions, soil and other variables, it may be desirable to Queens Park is not recommended as an consider the progressive future development of annex due to the likely negative influence annex sites related to the core Botanic Garden. of climate change on vegetation by raised water table and related salt intrusion. The Appropriate sites, if available and able to be exotic emphasis of Queens Park is serviced, could be set aside and suitably complementary to the CQC bioregion integrated under the botanic gardens living emphasis of Mackay Regional Botanic collection policy with development and Gardens; joint promotion should continue management coordinated by the curator and to maximise the scientific value of the gardens staff. combined collection.
The following sites have been considered. Exotic plants currently located at the botanic gardens could be relocated and more appropriately displayed in Queens Park or some other more suitable location: 5.3.1. Mackay city sites: Cacti & Succulent Collection: the Malta The Bluewater Trail is a dedicated 21 kilometre Garden displays a selection of specimens pedestrian and bikeway network linking the from an extensive and significant local cacti Botanic Gardens with several areas that could be and succulent collection; the whole collection appropriate annex sites. was originally offered (in 2000) to the Botanic Gardens by a member of the Maltese Mangrove and Riverine Communities community however it has since been Not far downstream from the botanic gardens disposed of elsewhere and in no longer The Bluewater Trail passes along the Pioneer avialable; River though mangrove communities and areas with potential to re-establish the riverine Bromeliad Collection: The Bromeliad Society communities of 8.3.1 and 8.3.3. Mangrove has established a temporary display in the communities are covered by Qld Government Fernery in the Shade Garden, pending legislation that prohibits any unauthorised development and installation of the interference with them so they don’t require bioregional fern collection. ‘management’. However a detailed weed management plan will need to be developed and implemented for re-establishment of 5.3.2. Mackay Region sites: riverine communities to be successful. Annex sites that have been considered in other Coastal Sand Communities parts of the CQC bioregion include: The Blue Water Trail continues through coastal communities on sand which could be Eungella - High Altitude Forest researched and displayed in an Annex site Communities along Illawong Beach or more logically at Many species within these communities will Sandfly Creek Environmental Park. A be at risk to climate change as there is no comprehensive management plan developed refuge area at a higher altitude available to for this environmental park that has them. Therefore, developing relationships international importance to migratory shore with other Botanic Gardens in colder climates birds, was adopted by Council in December that can provide suitable conditions to 2009. establish threatened species is considered the only practical course of action to help Queens Park – exotic collections conserve these plants. Refer clause 3.9.4 The Bluewater Trail also passes close to Queens Park a traditional city park and Sarina Native Garden botanic garden established in 1886. The six This staged project by the Sarina Landcare hectare site is a repository of interesting Catchment Management Association in primarily exotic botanical specimens, heritage
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association with Council is already underway. the specific plants – nomenclature, collector, Its main purpose is to demonstrate the use collection location, production, establishment, and benefits of using native plants in gardens. development. The Queensland State Herbarium It will include a walking track, interpretative will assist in this process and suggest databases signage and create some areas of local which integrate with the systems adopted ecosystems. The site on Beach Road Sarina nationally and internationally. has been dived into various zones including - Zone 1 Bio-retention & wetland edge A comprehensive digital relational database has - Zone 2 My Five Senses, been established to assist the planning and - Zone 3 Existing Woodland trees to be design process for the gardens based on the under planted, programme Filemaker Pro. This has been refined - Zone 4 Lawn, to allow detail records of specimens to be kept - Zone 5 Riverine/Rainforest and and regularly updated relative to scientific Coastal/Littoral forest. nomenclature, site location, name tags, health, growth and general maintenance. Discussions are continuing within the BGANZ Q group toward 5.3.3. Relationships with other Botanic establishing a comprehensive Access based Gardens database system that can be used and accessed by all Botanic Gardens. The Central Queensland Coast Bioregion and allied adjoining areas have botanic gardens 5.4.2. Herbarium Records existing or under development. To be classified as a Regional Botanic Gardens it Whitsunday at Cannonvale (CQC Bioregion) is necessary to establish an Herbarium on site in Bowen at Muller’s Lagoon (Brigalow Belt) close association with the State Herbarium. The Mackay Herbarium is located in the Cremorne Contact has already been made with Mackay and Visitor Centre. it is recommended that formal and continuing liaison be established to coordinate research and Collecting voucher specimens for the Living Plant development in the region for mutual benefit. This Collection is a major ongoing commitment of the exchange might best be set up as a sub-network Botanic Gardens that is closely coordinated with under the BGANZ umbrella. the Queensland State Herbarium.
To date (2010) the majority of collections have 5.4. Collection Records been taken and processed from plants in the Living Collection by members of SGAP Mackay 5.4.1. Living Collection Records Branch. Ideally however, voucher specimens should be collected along with the collection of the
propagating material for the Gardens or at the It is vital that the location of all specimens planted very least, all relevant site data should be in the Botanic Gardens is known and documented provided with the material or the plants grown in a comprehensive and scientifically based from it record system.
After processing, dried specimens (vouchers) of The Living Collections Policy establishes the plants with wild collection site history are lodged criteria for the development and management of with the State Herbarium for confirmation or the collections at the Mackay Regional Botanic identification. Duplicates of each are retained for Gardens. This policy states categories and the Gardens. These, along with dried specimens principals required to define and evaluate the of plants without wild origin history, are mounted, living collections. It provides methodical and labelled, colour photocopied and data recorded, consistent procedures to achieve a systematic before being filed in the Gardens’ Herbarium strategy for all existing and future collections. Reference Collection. These specimens should be Collections-specific Living Collections maintained and curated as a basis for scientific Management Plans are to be developed as an research and development. adjunct to this policy.
Each specimen is a valuable resource that is the The definition and organization of a result of considerable time and effort and while location/records system is one of the major the actual specimens are not for indiscriminate components of the detail design phase involving use the colour photocopies are readily available. simple but exact location methods, supported by a comprehensive data base recording all aspects of
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.5 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.5. Principal Plant Communities MARINE COMMUNITIES CQC Bioregion Landzone 1 Occur on marine plains and estuaries and The following table itemises the most significant subjected to varying degrees of tidal inundation. plant communities and their location within the CQC bioregion from the coast to the ranges. To May be represented in a future annex of the simplify the table, communities with strong floristic Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens. similarities that occur within the same geographic zones are grouped together. Likewise, rainforest Mangrove forest to shrubland; and sclerophyll communities are itemised in sub- Samphire forbland;` sections. (Rainforest communities vary RE 8.1.1; 8.1.2; unsuitable for MRBG considerably, depending on soil and moisture, Location future annex aspect and altitude – generally the better the conditions the larger are the canopy leaves of the Marine Couch grassland; characteristic species. Species composition of Grass and sedgeland the various sclerophyll communities is also Adjoining tidal zones, influences of salt and fresh dictated by site conditions.) water depending on tides and season. RE 8.1.3; 8.1.4 Suitability Assessment Location future annex
The table shows communities that have the potential to be established within the Gardens as well as some, but not all of those that are unsuited to the on-site conditions available at the Mackay WETLAND COMMUNITIES Regional Botanic Gardens due to reasons such as Landzones 1 - 3 soil type, drainage, temperature and humidity. Paperbark and Eucalypt open forest to Examples of communities that are unsuited to woodland Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens conditions Narrow zone adjoining tidal systems, or on old include the high altitude cloud forests, heath and alluvial marine plains adjacent to estuarine areas. vegetated swamp communities of subregions 4 Ground layer of salt-tolerant grasses and sedges and 5, and coastal strand communities. However, or other grasses. selected hardy and adaptable individual species RE 8.1.5; 8.3.13; unsuitable as whole from these communities may be used for other individual species used in other situations. horticultural purposes within the Gardens and Location future annex; there may be opportunities for some communities to be showcased in Annexed sites. Paperbark forests Melaleuca spp. open forest to woodland of coastal Representative species from all appropriate swamps, lagoons and waterholes; also on marine communities will be established in the Botanic plains or alluvial plains adjacent to estuarine Gardens within the appropriate site zone as areas. Either dominated by one species or with a outlined by the plant collection strategy. mixture of species including Melaleuca leucadendra, M. viridiflora, M. sp. aff. viridiflora See also Section 5.8.3. Plant Massing. and M. dealbata. RE 8.2.7a & e; 8.2.11
Location site zone K1 References The following data is extracted from: Melaleuca sp aff. viridiflora closed forest to woodland in Conservation Status of Queensland’s swampy and broad drainage areas with surface water Bioregional Ecosystems. most of year. Dense ground layer of sedges, grasses or water ferns. Further detailed information is included in the RE 8.3.11 appendix and in the Living Collections Policy Location site zone K2 extracted from: Deep open water Queensland Herbarium (2009) Regional Ecosystem Description Database (REDD). Waterholes, swamps, lagoons, exposed stream Version 6.0b Updated November 2009, beds. Includes aquatic species of open water and (November 2009) (Department of edges. RE areas within 8.1.4 and 8.2.7a; 8.3.4; 8.3.15 Environment and Resource Management: Location lagoons lakes and waterways onsite Brisbane).
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COASTAL & ISLAND COMMUNITIES Low microphyll vine forest to semi-evergreen vine thicket Occurs on foothills of low, near-coastal ranges in Sand communities subregion 1 Landzone 2 RE 8.12.28 Location site zone A Beach She-oak open forest to woodland - strand Grey Iron bark and Brush Box woodland On exposed coastal foredunes and beaches. On islands and headlands Includes herbaceous upper beach pioneer zone. RE 8.12.14a RE 8.2.1; unsuitable, selected species only Location site zone C1 Location future annex Black She-oak closed-scrub to open forest Microphyll vine forest on coastal dunes - Occurs on exposed hillslopes of islands, usually with beach scrub surface rocks. Ground layer may include Xanthorrhoea Usually within dune swales or protected sites. latifolia ssp latifolia and/or grasses and forbs. RE 8.2.2 RE 8.12.29a Location site zone E Location site zone L1
Notophyll feather palm vine forest Brush Box low open-forest Occurs on parabolic dunes in subregions 4 & 5 Occurs on islands and headlands and may also include RE 8.2.5; unsuitable for MRBG Acacia spp and Eucalyptus spp. Ground layer often Location Selected individual species site zone H includes Xanthorrhoea latifolia ssp latifolia. RE 8.12.29b Location site zone L1 Moreton Bay Ash open forest
On coastal dunes: beach scrub species may be present where there is protection from disturbances such as fire. RE 8.2.6 Location site zone E ALLUVIAL COMMUNITIES Landzone 3 Grassland on coastal dunes This community contains a variety of grasses and Fringing Forests herbaceous plants.
RE 8.2.9; unsuitable as whole; individual Semi-deciduous notophyll/mesophyll vine forest species have many horticultural uses. Occurs on alluvial plains fringing, or in the vicinity of, Location future annex watercourses. RE 8.3.1a Moreton Bay Ash, Paperbark and Cabbage Location site zone H (also Regional Forests) Palm open forest On dune sands mixed with alluvial material and Weeping Paperbark or Pendulous Paperbark +/- sometimes marine sediments River Oak open forest to woodland RE 8.2.13a Occurs on sandy or rocky creeks Location site zone F1 RE 8.3.3a Location site zone I (also Reg. Forests + Reliance Creek) Rocky Strata communities Landzones 11 & 12 Sclerophyll Open Forest Communities
Grassland or Grass Tree shrubland Broad-leaved Paperbark On exposed rocky headlands and island slopes. Melaleuca viridiflora woodland to open forest with RE 8.11.9; 8.12.13 emergent Eucalypts and herbaceous ground layer. Location site zone C1 Occurs on seasonally inundated alluvial plains. (also for Rocky Headlands garden) RE 8.3.2
Location site zone K3 Semi-deciduous microphyll vine forest/thicket with emergent Hoop Pines Clarkson’s Bloodwood and Messmate In coastal areas including islands On alluvial plains, often includes other Eucalypt spp, RE 8.12.11 has a sparse shrub layer and grassy ground layer. Location site zone C1 RE 8.3.5 (also in Regional Forests) Location site zone N
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.7 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Blue Gum, Pink Bloodwood and Messmate Semi-deciduous microphyll vine forest Open forest on fertile alluvial levees and lower terraces. Includes emergent Araucaria cunninghamii. Has a sparse secondary tree layer, sparse shrub layer; Occurs in coastal areas including islands. Blady Grass common in ground layer. RE 8.12.11 (Dry rainforest, Regional Forests) RE 8.3.6a Location site zone C1 Location site zone N Notophyll to complex notophyll vine forest On near coastal ranges and islands. Rainforests RE 8.12.18; Location site zone A Complex notophyll vine forest Low microphyll vine forest to semi-evergreen Occurs on perched alluvial sites in valleys of undulating vine thicket mountain ranges. Subregion 1 Occurs on drier sub-coastal hills RE 8.3.9 RE 8.12.16 (Dry rainforest – Regional Forests) Location site zone G Location site zone M
Notophyll vine forest Occurs on gently to moderately sloping alluvial fans Sclerophyll Open Forest adjacent to ranges. RE 8.3.10 Location site zone G Brush Box, Wattles and Black She-oak low woodland to open forest Occurs on island hillslopes. May include Eucalypts or Melaleuca viridiflora. Ground layer usually includes Xanthorrhoea latifolia ssp latifolia. SAND PLAIN COMMUNITIES RE 8.11.10 Landzone 5 (Tertiary sand plains) Location site zone L1
Paperbark woodland to open forest Mixed Eucalyptus open forest to woodland Melaleuca viridiflora often with Allocasuarina A great variety of these communities occur on luehmannii and M. nervosa, or with mixed Eucalyptus sub-coastal hills and/or islands. They may be spp, A. littoralis and Banksia integrifolia. Ground layer dominated by one species or contain a mixture of is diverse. species including:- Corymbia clarksoniana, C. RE 8.5.2; 8.5.6 dallachyana, C. intermedia, C. tessellaris, C. Location site zone J trachyphloia, Eucalyptus drepanophylla, E. exserta, E. platyphylla, E. portuensis, E. Mixed Eucalyptus woodland to open forest tereticornis and Lophostemon suaveolens. A Dominated by Corymbia clarksoniana, or E. secondary tree layer is sometimes present; the drepanophylla or E. exserta; includes other Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. Secondary layer usually includes shrub-layer is often sparse or contains some Melaleuca viridiflora and/or M. nervosa. Diverse grassy rainforest pioneers; the ground layer is usually a ground layer. mixture of grasses and forbs or dominated by RE 8.5.1; 8.5.3; 8.5.5 Xanthorrhoea latifolia ssp latifolia. Location site zone J All the RE’s below, that are not listed any priority order, are included in this generic description. RE 8.11.3a,b,c; 8.11.4; 8.12.20a –SR 4. RE 8.11.5a&b; 8.12.26; 8.12.12a&d RE 8.11.1; 8.12.6a&b; 8.12.22; SUB-COASTAL HILLS & LOWER Location site zone L2 SLOPE COMMUNITIES Lemon Scented Gum, White Mahogany and Landzone 11 & 12 Brown Bloodwood On hillslopes and undulating plateaus. Includes other Rainforests Eucalypts, a secondary tree layer and a dense ground layer of grasses and herbs. Semi-deciduous microphll vine forest/thicket RE 8.12.7a Includes emergent Araucaria cunninghamii Location site zone L1 also B2 RE 8.11.2 x 1a Location site zone C1 Grey Iron Bark and Lemon Scented Gum Similar community to 8.12.7a above but occurs on Notophyll / microphyll rainforest drier hills. Occurs on low to medium ranges RE 8.12.7c RE 8.12.3a (‘Koumala Range’ garden) Location site zone L1 also B2 Location site zone C2
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Blue Gum woodland Gum-topped Box woodland Occurs on islands and coastal hills. May have a mixed On drier elevated tablelands. Sometimes includes secondary tree layer; grassy ground layer. other Eucalypt species. Grassy ground layer. RE 8.12.25; RE 8.12.23 Location site zone F2 Location site zone B2
Blue Gum, Moreton Bay Ash and Cabbage Pink Bloodwood open forest to woodland Palm open forest. Occurs on high ranges. Often has a mixed Occurs on low hills. May have a secondary tree layer; assemblage of canopy species. Dense areas of rainforest pioneer species often present. Allocasuarina spp and Banksia integrifolia may be RE 8.12.27 present. Ground layer of grasses or Xanthorrhoea Location site zone F1 latifolia subsp latifolia. RE 8.12.32 Location site zone B2
UPLAND COMMUNITIES Brush Box and White Mahogany open forest Landzones 8, 11 & 12 May include other tree species. Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp latifolia usually in understorey. a. occurs on steep upper slopes and spurs; Rainforests c. on low to moderate altitudes on near coastal hills RE 8.12.5a & c Complex notophyll feather palm vine forest Location site zone B2 Occurs on wetter high altitude uplands or moist low to moderate sub-coastal ranges. Closed scrub to closed heath RE 8.8.1; 8.12.1; 8.12.19; Occurs on exposed high altitude plateaus. Location site zone B1; but some high altitude RE 8.12.10a & b; unsuitable for MRBG; species from these RE’s can only be on Location selected specimens used for horticultural trial. purposes and/or trialled in research and demonstration gardens Notophyll to complex notophyll vine forest On drier upland and coastal ranges RE 8.12.2 (Pioneer Peaks swale); Location B1
Notophyll mossy vine forest - cloud forest Mountain slopes and summits subject to regular mist cover. RE 8.12.17; 8.12.30; unsuitable for MRBG Location climate controlled environments onsite; annex sites in other comparable bioregions. Selected species may be trialed; adaptable species have horticultural uses.
Sclerophyll
Lemon Scented Gum, White Mahogany and Brown Bloodwood On hillslopes and undulating plateaus. Includes other Eucalypts, a secondary tree layer and a dense ground layer of grasses and herbs. RE 8.12.7a & b Location site zone B2 also in L1
Blue Gum open forest On undulating uplands. Lophostemon suaveolens and Cormybia intermedia usually present. Allocasuarina spp may be present in a secondary tree layer. Dense grassy ground layer. RE 8.12.9 Location site zone B2
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.9 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.6. Plant Collection Strategy 5.6.1. Bioregional Plant Communities
The Master Plans of 2000 & 2010 have analysed The 2000 Master Plan developed the following the site to facilitate the development of the most strategy for the inclusion of the principal appropriate strategy for the establishment of the bioregional communities basically contained various bioregional plant communities. The within Meadowlands. The design development existing landform and environment of the overall process considered the existing and proposed site provides the opportunity to establish a elements as fundamental components of representative collection for most of the integrated site planning - involving site landform, bioregional ecosystems to be established. soils, hydrology, microclimate, visual context, circulation and physical functions. The CQC The first phase of development is contained bioregional subregions were basically on the Eastern Sections of the site, with the accommodated as follows: focus primarily on the application of botany into horticulture through the development of Subregion 1 : Whitsunday specialised theme and demonstration Located along the ridgeline and embankment gardens. along the western shore of the lagoon; opportunity to create innovative landform to The second phase of development, centred suggest the coastal ranges of the regional on the Western Plateau – Meadowlands, will environment; extends into the existing lagoon principally focus on specific attributes of the wetlands. Central Queensland Coast Bioregion plant communities providing for research and Subregion 2 : Sarina-Proserpine Lowlands interpretation of their scientific, botanic and Extending along the intermediate level of the horticultural values. western terraces from the end of Crowleys Road to the swale draining to the lagoon in The development of the strategy for the plant the north; opportunity to reform the area to collection considered the following existing suggest the landform of the coastal lowlands elements: and Pioneer River valley; one section has been established in stage 1 & 2 across the lagoon near the causeway. Existing Elements The first plantings on the site were partly Subregion 3 : Clarke-Connors Ranges established prior to the development of the 2000 Located along the upper western terraces Master Plan. beside Alexandra Street; opportunity to create Australian South Sea Islander Precinct - innovative landform to suggest the mountain Ethno-botany of the South Pacific Island range environment; one section is located peoples; across the lagoon extending from the Aboriginal Gardens - Ethno-botany of the causeway along the slopes below the Water indigenous peoples; Treatment Plant. Lowland Rainforest; Riverine Rainforest; Subregion 4 : Byfield Grassland Bird Habitat. Originally planned to be located at the extreme northern end of the western Note - references to these initial planting areas embankment of the lagoon corridor; have been revised in the 2010 Master Plan. opportunity to create appropriate landform to suggest the hilly coastal environments; extends into the existing lagoon wetlands. Allied Elements The Lagoons Catchment hydraulic study may Water supply – interpret the story of water preclude this development. supply, its treatment and responsible use; Sugar Research – interpret the economic Subregion 5 : Manifold value and opportunities of sugar cane; could Located at the extreme northern end of the be extended to cover research into other lagoon corridor; opportunity to create economic plants, effectively re-establishing appropriate sand dune landform to suggest the traditions of the on-site Acclimatisation the coastal environments; extends into the Gardens of the nineteenth century; existing lagoon wetlands. The Lagoons Survey Calibration Corridor – a significant Catchment hydraulic study may preclude this linear element to influence design. development.
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Subregion 6 : Debella A Rainforest of Hills & Low Ranges Debella was not included separately in the 8.12.28 Low microphyll vine forest to semi- CQC bioregion at the time of the 2000 Master evergreen vine thicket. (Whits only) Plan (it was included within the northern 8.12.3a Notophyll/microphyll rainforest +/- sections of both subregions 1 and 2.) Araucaria cunninghamii on coastal hills ranges (also in C2) 8.12.18 Notophyll to complex notophyll vine forest on near coastal ranges and 5.6.2. Potential Collection Themes islands
The following schedule of Regional Plant B1 Upland Rainforest Communities and other allied plant groupings was 8.8.1 Complex notophyll (feather palm) vine initially developed by the 2000 Master Plan and forest refined by the 2010 Master Plan as a basis for 8.12.1 Complex notophyll (feather palm) vine planning the plant collection established forest throughout the Mackay Regional Botanic 8.12.2 Notophyll to complex notophyll vine Gardens. forest 8.12.3b Notophyll/microphyll rainforest on Clause 5.7.1 schedules the principal collections, steep exposed cliffs gardens and theme gardens actually established 8.12.19 Complex notophyll (feather palm) vine in stages one and two of the Botanic Gardens forest development. B2 Upland Open Forest 8.12.5a Lophostemon confertus and 5.6.2.1. Ecological Theme Eucalyptus portuensis open forest to Regional Plant Communities closed scrub 8.12.5c Eucalyptus portuensis and These identified communities to be established on Lophostemon confertus +/- Corymbia specific site zones which approximate the intermedia open forest ecological characteristics of the actual community. 8.12.7a Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus portuensis & C. trachyphloia open It is intended to establish for each community, a forest (also in L1) representative selection of species that are 8.12.7c Eucalyptus drepanophylla, Corymbia endemic to the Central Queensland Coast citriodora, +/-Eucalyptus portuensis +/- Bioregion and considered to have specific E. exserta woodland (also in L1) scientific or environmental value and/or also 8.12.9 Eucalyptus tereticornis +/- exhibit potential for use in horticulture. Selected Lophostemon suaveolens +/- species from these communities will also be Corymbia intermedia woodland to subject to specialised research and display open forest elsewhere in the Principal Display Areas of the 8.12.23 Eucalyptus moluccana woodland to Botanic Gardens. open forest 8.12.32 Corymbia intermedia +/- Eucalyptus The schedule is based on the Central Queensland portuensis +/- E. drepanophylla with Coast Bioregion Regional Ecosystems areas of Allocasuarina spp +/- Banksia classifications as listed in “The Conservation integrifolia open forest to woodland Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems” Sattler & Williams. Further detailed information C1 Dry Rainforest from the Queensland Herbarium (2009) Regional (Headland & Island Communities) Ecosystem Description Database (REDD). 8.12.11 Semi-deciduous microphyll vine Version 6.0b Updated November 2009, forest/thicket with emergent Araucaria (November 2009) (Department of Environment cunninghamii on coastal hills and and Resource Management: Brisbane) is included islands (also in D) in the appendix. 8.12.13 Grassland, or Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp latifolia shrubland on islands The related alphabetic site zone references for and headlands (also Rocky Headland each RE group cross refer to Figure 5.02 which Garden) defines the recommended location for the various 8.11.9 Grassland, or Xanthorrhoea latifolia plant communities throughout Meadowlands. subsp latifolia shrubland on exposed rocky headlands (also for Rocky Headland Garden)
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.11 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
8.12.14a Grey Iron bark and Brush Box J Sand Plain Woodland woodland on islands and headlands 8.5.1a Corymbia intermedia +/- Melaleuca 8.11.2 x1a Semi deciduous microphyll vine viridiflora +/- rainforest spp open-forest forest/thicket 8.5.1b Corymbia clarksoniana open forest +/- secondary tree layer of Melaleuca C2 Dry Rainforest viridiflora 8.12.3a Notophyll Rainforest/Microphyll 8.5.2 Melaleuca viridiflora +/- Allocasuarina Rainforest ‘Koumala Range’ (also in A leuhmannii, or M. viridiflora and M. & D) nervosa woodland to open forest mainly in sub region 6 D Rocky Fringing Forest 8.5.3 Eucalyptus drepanophylla +/- 8.3.3 Melaleuca leucadendra or M. fluviatilis Corymbia dallachiana +/- E. platyphylla +/- Casuarina cunninghamiana open +/- Melaleuca viridiflora woodland to forest to woodland. (also in I) open forest. 8.5.5 Eucalyptus exserta and/or C. Selected species will be included in this clarksoniana woodland to open forest zone from RE’s 8.12.3a; 8.12.11; 8.3.3a +/- E. crebra usually with a lower tree
layer of Melaleuca viridiflora and M. E Beach Scrub / Forest nervosa. 8.2.2 Microphyll Vine Forest on coastal 8.5.6 Melaleuca viridiflora and Allocasuarina dunes (beach scrub) littoralis woodland to open forest with 8.2.6 Corymbia tessellaris +/- Acacia Eucalyptus spp. leptocarpa +/- Banksia integrifolia +/- Melaleuca dealbata +/- beach scrub K1 Paperbark Forests species open forest on coastal parallel 8.2.7a Palustrine wetland Melaleuca dunes leucadendra open forest in near-
coastal wetlands. F1 Blue Gum and Cabbage Palm 8.2.7e Palustrine wetland Melaleuca Forest leucadendra, and/or M. dealbata 8.2.13a Corymbia tessellaris, Melaleuca spp., and/or M. sp aff viridiflora Livistona decora, C. intermedia, 8.2.11 Melaleuca spp. closed forest to Eucalyptus tereticornis open forest woodland in parallel dune swales 8.12.27 Eucalyptus tereticornis, Corymbia tessellaris, Livistona decora +/- C. K2 Paperbark Forests intermedia +/- rainforest pioneering 8.3.11 Melaleuca sp aff. viridiflora closed spp open forest forest to woodland in broad drainage areas. F2 Blue Gum and Cabbage Palm Forest K3 Paperbark Forests 8.12.25 Eucalyptus tereticornis +/- E. 8.3.2 Melaleuca viridiflora woodland to open platyphylla x E. tereticornis woodland forest, often with emergent eucalypts to open forest on islands and coastal and grassy herbaceous ground layer hill slopes on seasonally inundated alluvial plains with impeded drainage. G Alluvial Rainforest 8.3.9 Complex Notophyll Vine Forest L1 Mixed Open Forest Woodland 8.3.10 Notophyll Vine Forest 8.11.10 Lophostemon confertus and/or Acacia spp. and/or Allocasuarina littoralis +/- Corymbia spp. +/1 Eucalyptus spp. +/- H Riverine Rainforest Melaleuca viridiflora low woodland to 8.3.1a Semi-deciduous notophyll / mesophyll open forest on island hillslopes. vine forest fringing watercourses on 8.12.7a Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus alluvial plains portuensis & C. trachyphloia open forest (also in B2) I Fringing Forest 8.12.7c Eucalyptus drepanophylla, Corymbia 8.3.3a Melaleuca leucadendra or M. fluviatilis citriodora, +/-Eucalyptus portuensis +/- +/- Casuarina cunninghamiana open E. exserta woodland forest to woodland (also in D) 8.12.29a Black She-oak closed-scrub to open forest on exposed hillslopes of islands,
usually with surface rocks
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8.12.29b Brush Box low open-forest Occurs on N Blue Gum and Messmate islands and headlands +/- Acacia spp, Woodland +/- Eucalyptus spp 8.3.5 Corymbia clarksoniana +/- Lophostemon suaveolens +/- L2 Mixed Eucalyptus Forest Eucalyptus open forest to woodland. 8.11.3a Corymbia intermedia and/or 8.3.6 Eucalyptus tereticornis, Corymbia Eucalyptus portuensis and/or C. intermedia and Lophostemon clarksoniana and/or E. platyphylla suaveolens (or C. tessellaris dominant) and/or E. drepanophylla open forest to open forest. woodland 8.11.4 ??? 8.11.3b Eucalyptus portuensis and Corymbia intermedia open forest. 5.6.2.2. Conservation Theme 8.12.20 Species of the CQC bioregion with state, national or 8.11.3c Variable woodland to open forest of international conservation significance to be established Eucalyptus tereticornis and/or E. in the most appropriate sections and gardens of the platyphylla and/or Lophostemon site. Species will be primarily established to preserve suaveolens the gene pool and for research but also trialled and 8.11.4 Eucalyptus platyphylla and/or displayed to demonstrate their conservation value and Corymbia clarksoniana +/- E. potential for use in ornamental horticulture or for other drepanophylla +/- Lophostemon economic purposes. suaveolens woodland to open forest 8.12.20a Eucalyptus drepanophylla and/or E. RARE AND THREATENED PLANTS
platyphylla +/- E. dallachiana woodland
to open forest 5.6.2.3. Taxonomic Theme 8.12.22 Eucalyptus drepanophylla +/- E. platyphylla +/- Corymbia clarksoniana Selected CQC bioregion species with particular +/- E. exserta +/- C. trachyphloia taxonomic relationships established to demonstrate woodland to open forest. principles of plant classification and for research 8.11.5a Corymbia tessellaris and Eucalyptus purposes grouped in structured display gardens. It is tereticornis +/- E. drepanophylla open likely that for horticultural reasons, individual specimens forest to woodland will be established in various site locations and linked together by theme trails to interpret their potential for 8.11.5b Corymbia tessellaris +/- E. use in ornamental horticulture or for other economic drepanophylla open forest to woodland purposes.
8.12.12a Mixed open forest to woodland of ORNAMENTAL RAINFOREST PLANTS Corymbia intermedia +/- Eucalyptus HEATHLAND SHRUBS portuensis +/- E. platyphylla +/- E. drepanophylla +/- E. tereticornis ACACIAS 8.12.12d Corymbia clarksoniana, C. tessellaris, BOTTLEBRUSHES, PAPERBARKS & TEATREES Eucalyptus platyphylla +/- C. dallachiana +/- E. drepanophylla +/- E. GREVILLEAS AND BANKSIAS
tereticornis open forest to woodland PALMS AND CYCADS 8.12.26 Eucalyptus drepanophylla +/- E. platyphylla +/- Corymbia clarksoniana MONOCOT COLLECTION
woodland to open forest 8.11.1 Eucalyptus drepanophylla and E. 5.6.2.4. Ornamental and Landscape Theme platyphylla woodland to open forest. 8.12.6 Eucalyptus drepanophylla woodland / Selected CQC bioregion species trialled and displayed open forest – drier hillsides; rocky in structured display gardens to demonstrate their 8.12.6a Eucalyptus drepanophylla and E. potential for use in ornamental horticulture and amenity platyphylla woodland to open forest landscape or for other economic purposes. 8.12.6b Eucalyptus drepanophylla woodland ECONOMIC PLANT COLLECTION with grassy or Xanthorrhoea latifolia Food Plants (Bush Tucker) subsp latifolia understorey Timber trees, farm forestry and carbon trading Street and residential trees Medicinal use M Vine Thicket Cut flower, foliage, permaculture 8.12.16 Low microphyll vine forest to semi- AMENITY HORTICULTURE evergreen vine thicket Trees for shade, flowering, fruiting Trees for streets, resorts and home garden
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.13 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Windbreaks, screen and hedges Flowering shrubs Rockery plants Groundcover and bedding plants Vines, scramblers and creepers. Plants to attract birds and butterflies
DEMONSTRATION GARDENS Garden Character – heritage, native, cottage, tropical etc Gardens for various soil types Seasonal Colour Sensory Gardens – fragrance, texture, colour.
Biogeographc & Evolutionary Theme 5.6.2.5. Cape Hillsborough
Selected species based on a defined geographical area collected, rese arched and displayed in appropriate site areas and relationships to interpret their potential for use in ornamental horticulture or for other economic purposes..
BIOGEOGRAPHIC THEMES Origin of plants in the Mackay environment Plants of other similar Australian regions Plants of other similar world regions
5.6.2.6. Ethnobotanic Theme
Selected CQC bioregion species researched and displayed in specialised site areas and gardens to enhance interpretation of their aesthetic, scientific, historical or social values for past and present Port Conservation Area generations.
Ethnobotanic Garden Local Indigenous Early Pioneers South SE Islanders Torres Strait Islanders Maltese migrants Heritage Gardens Sister City Gardens
Bakers Creek
Finch Hatton Gorge
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5.7. Eastern Escarpment 5.7.2. Plant Collection Consolidation
5.7.1. Existing Plant Collection The 2010 Master Plan review process has resulted in the identification of a number of issues The principal gardens and collections (together that still remain to be implemented from the initial with their numeric reference) currently planned or design process as well as others that need to be established within the initial development stages revised or added to ensure that the Gardens of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens include: continue to be developed, managed and operated at optimum efficiency for the benefit, enjoyment 01.00 Australian South Sea Islander Precinct and education value to the community. 01.05 Regional Forests 01.06 Cherry Tree Creek waterway (future) The following is a summary schedule of the 02.01 Pioneer Peaks identified items specifically relating to the plant 02.02 Koumala Range collection, most of which have been described 02.03 Reliance Creek more fully elsewhere in the master plan text or 03.00 Gum Tree Corridor drawings. The number in [square brackets] refers 04.01 Brigalow Belt to the relative clause in this report. 04.02 Kaliguil Basin 05.01 Ethno-botany Garden 05.02 Sarina-Proserpine Garden 06.01 Gateway Gardens 1. Ethno-botany Gardens (05.01) – establish 06.02 World Regional Flora (future) once the proposed maintenance vehicle loop 07.01 Clarke-Connors Ranges (future) has been installed; [4.2.2.3] 07.03 Coastal Headlands (future) 08.01 Monocot Collection – Bamboo 08.02 Monocot Collection - Grasses 2. Clarke-Connors Ranges (07.02) – establish 08.03 Gymnosperm Forest once the bank stabilisation procedures for the 08.04 Ginger Collection (future) Water Treatment slopes are finalised and the 09.01 Palm Walk final location and level of access to the bridge 09.02 The Fernery to the old Intake Tower is finalised; [4.2.2.3] 09.03 Tropical Shade Garden 09.04 Orientation Garden 3. World Regional Flora Gardens (06.02) – 09.05 Eungella Cloud Garden establish once the new circulation and 09.06 Finch Hatton Waterway landscape is finalised; [4.2.2.3] 09.07 Lagoon Foreshore Gardens (future) 09.08 Tropical Sun Garden 09.09 Regional Shade Trees 4. Australian Showcase Gardens (10.07) – 09.10 Malta Garden establish along Lagoon Street; this will 10.01 Screens and Hedges integrate with the proposed security fencing 10.03 Myrtaceae Forest which may follow an irregular line associated 10.04 World Cycad Garden with the existing and proposed gardens; 10.05 Japan Garden 10.06 Whitsunday Garden 5. Malta cacti & succulent collection (09.10) – 10.07 Australian Showcase Garden 10.08 Demonstration Gardens replace the donated specimens designated as 10.09 Heritage Gardens potential weed species; replace with 10.10 Tropical Liliaeceae (future) Bioregional Rockery species; future collection 11.01 Australian flowering shrubs (future) donations to be located at Queens Park; 11.02 Australian flowering trees (future) 11.03 Flora for Fauna 6. Flora for Fauna (previously Waterwise 11.05 Coal Garden Garden) (11.03) – augment the remnant 11.06 Geology Gardens native specimens with additional fauna 11.07 Coastal Lowlands 11.08 Forest Arbour attracting native species; 11.09 Australian flowering trees (future) 11.10 Aust Regional Flora Terraces – subtropical 7. Exotic Flowering Trees (3.7.2) - progressively 12.01 Aust Regional Flora Terraces – tropical replace the exotic flowering trees in the area 12.04 Torres Strait Islands Garden along Lagoon Street with horticulturally 13.00 Varroville Arboretum significant bioregional species suited to 13.03 Under The Banyan - playgarden residential gardens and streets; 13.06 Sterculiaceae & allied families 13.07 Tropical Palm and Pandanus 8. Timber Trees – forest area not planted as yet; 13.08 Regional Shade Trees (future) 13.09 Moraceae Collection (future) replace with horticulturally significant 14.00 Eulamere Regional Wetlands bioregional tree species; relocate timber trees to Meadowlands as a theme trail;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.15 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
9. Palm and Pandanus Collection – progressively expand the collection over the steep slopes and lower levels along the lagoon edge;
10. Rawson’s Hollow Tropical fruit tree (exotic) orchard - unplanted as yet; replace with additional bioregional tree specimens;
11. Core education precinct; Malta (09.10), Coal Garden (11.05) and Geology Gardens (11.06) – consolidate the opportunities for education and interpretation; 3. World Regional Flora Gardens 12. Native Cultivar Garden – replaces the Hibiscus Garden along the Screens & Hedges path with rotational native cultivars; replaces the exotic Hibiscus species which are pest and disease prone;
13. Cherry Tree Creek – establish representative plant communities along the reconstructed swale immediately south of the railway embankment; the vegetation functions in part as erosion control for flood flows.
Photos of some of the identified areas
5. Malta Garden cacti & succulent collection
1. Ethno-botany Gardens 11. Core Education precinct - consolidated
2. Clarke-Connors Ranges 12. Hibiscus Garden to be replaced by Native Cultivars
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5.8. Meadowlands comprising the associated perimeter ranges, central valley and lowlands with the central This Master Plan review process has resulted in waterway system inspired by the Pioneer River. the identification of a number of issues some of Valley System which are from the initial 2000 planning and The reconstructed landform enhances the existing design process as well as others that are of more contours of the existing shallow basin by recent origin; collectively these can assist to excavating a large irregular central depression ensure that the Botanic Gardens continue to be with two valleys draining in from the southwest developed, managed and operated at optimum and southeast. The valley system slopes north to efficiency for the benefit, enjoyment and education drain over the embankment into Eulamere Lagoon value to the community. at the Meadowlands Focus site.
The following is a schedule of the identified items Perimeter Mounding specifically relating to the plant collection, most of Material excavated from the central depression to which have been described more fully elsewhere be used to establish perimeter mounding along in the master plan text or drawings. The number in Alexandra Street and Crowleys Road to suggest [square brackets] refers to the relative clause in the mountain backdrop of the Clarke-Connors this report. Ranges.
Planning for the plant collection in Meadowlands The Crowleys Road mounding extends north to is to be closely integrated with the existing site the central depression separating the two conditions and the reconstructed landform, waterways; this section to specifically represent waterway system and circulation network. the rocky hillside landscapes of the region.
The natural levee bank along the escarpment 5.8.1. Landform above Eulamere Lagoon encloses the Meadowlands landscape to the east and extends The proposed landform is suggested by the broad north along Alexandra Street to Lansdowne Road. physio-geographic structure of the CQC bioregion;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.17 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Southern Section Tall rainforest vegetation shelters the waterway The natural landforms to the south and east and separates the view corridors between the remain undisturbed to accommodate the Bioregion Shelter and the Meadowlands Centre Meadowlands Events area, Operations and and the Meadowlands Focus. Nursery, Siltation Ponds and the lower terrace along Kaliguil Lagoon. Meadowlands Lagoon The large central lagoon is an important component of the water quality / recycling system 5.8.2. Waterways and will incorporate perimeter biological wetlands as well as open areas of water. The view corridor The detail planning for the Meadowlands between Meadowlands Centre and Meadowlands waterways is directly related to the resultant Focus traverses the lagoon. parameters defined by the lagoons water quality studies recommended to be prepared as an The eastern lagoon edge will be defined by dense integral element of the detail planning and design littoral rainforest vegetation. The western side to process. The Botanic Gardens lagoons and be relatively open with undulating lawns sweeping waterways are a major component of the down to the water edge contained by a revetment proposed Lagoons Catchment hydrology study as wall and rocks. well as determining the potential for use of recycled water from the upgraded Mackay Water The Gorge Waterway Treatment Plant. The valley landform progressively comes close together to create a deep and steep gorge-like There is potential to make the Botanic Gardens landscape inspired by the rocky embankments self sufficient in water use as well as below Dumbleton Weir. The gorge section of the demonstrating a strong application of waterway is closely associated with and extends sustainability by the water recycling and biological the adjacent Water Terraces. treatment processes proposed. [2.4.3; 3.3.5] The view corridor to Meadowlands Centre The Meadowlands waterways have five differing traverses the Gorge and is defined by dense components each closely integrated with the plant forest on the east and open gardens to the west collection. Water is recycled from Eulamere related to the Gatehouse. Lagoon and added from the Water Treatment Plant to maintain a continuously flowing system. Water Terraces The Meadowlands Focus and Water Terraces Eastern Waterway form one of the three distinctive visual recognition Originates immediately adjacent to the points of the Botanic Gardens which effectively Meadowlands Centre as a formal water feature integrate the eastern and western sections of the incorporating one source of the recycled water Gardens and encourage exploration by visitors. piped from the Water Treatment Plant. This water feature to be sculptural and closely integrated with The terraces are inspired by the geometric rock the architecture of the Meadowlands Centre. The formations at Dumbleton Weir, formed with a surrounding area is open sunny lawns with number of concrete walls stepping abstractly selected shade trees located to preserve axial down the embankment. Water recycling from view corridors. Eulamere Lagoon through the Meadowlands system cascades over the walls to increase The water flows down to the lagoon by a series of aeration to improve water quality. [4.9.4] ponds through a shallow open valley with related wetland and sedgeland vegetation. This waterway is directly under and defines the view line between the Meadowlands Centre and the Meadowlands The following images are indicative of the Focus. landscape character for the various components of Meadowlands Western Waterway Originates in close association with the Bioregion Shelter as a formal water feature incorporating one source of the recycled water piped from the Water Treatment Plant. The water flows down to the lagoon through a deep irregular rocky valley terminating in a rocky headland at the lagoon.
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Meadowlands Lagoon from Knoll Lookout Meadowlands Lagoon – typical circulation
Undulating open laws between theme gardens Open forest Arboretum
Eastern Waterway – biological wetlands Western Waterway – rocky fringing forest
Dry Rainforest – circulation Rainforest - circulation
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.19 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
The principal areas to be planted as forest are as 5.8.3. Plant Massing follows:
Initial planning provides for a combination of forest A Rainforest of Hills & Low Ranges areas as well as open lawns with individual Crowleys Road mound specimens. It is important to locate the planting areas of forest or specimens relative to aspect to B1 Upland Rainforest take advantage of the sunny northern exposure Crowleys Road & Alexandra Street mound and the protected southern sides as appropriate. B2 Upland Open Forest The prevailing south east winds blow for most of Alexandra Street mound the year and are a significant influence on successfully establishing plants. Consequently it C1&C2 Dry Rainforest is important to plant shelter belts initially to Alexandra Street mound provide protection and allow more delicate specimens to be established later. Consider D Rocky Fringing Forest planting quick growing pioneer species, some of Western Waterway which may be sacrificial and removed after an initial period. E Beach Scrub / Forest Meadowlands Lagoon eastern side The extent and form of forest areas will be determined by the final selection and composition F1 & F2 Blue Gum & Cabbage Palm Forest of species for each identified plant community. Eulamere Lagoon edge and embankment The areas indicated on the drawing are indicative but have been located relative to appropriate G Alluvial Rainforest ecological and site characteristics. Eulamere Lagoon edge and embankment
Refer to clause 5.6.2 for specific detail of the H Riverine Rainforest Regional Plant Communities. Eulamere Lagoon edge and embankment
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I Fringing Forest Eulamere Lagoon edge and embankment Meadowlands Events Natural lawn amphitheatre for the Outdoor J Sand Plain Woodland Performance Centre and related level lawns Eulamere Lagoon upper terrace for fairs, markets and other events all set within an arboretum of bioregional trees. K1, K2 & K3 Paperbark Forests Kaliguil Lagoon edge and terrace Levee Walk The tree shaded walk between the L1 Mixed Open Forest / Woodland Meadowlands Centre and Meadowlands Kaliguil Lagoon embankment north Focus edged by varying width lawns providing views and glimpses to Eulamere Lagoon and L2 Mixed Eucalyptus Forest Meadowlands Lagoon. Western slope of levee bank Crowley Rise M Vine Thicket Gently undulating lawns rising over the Kaliguil Lagoon embankment centre ‘foothills’ extending from the perimeter mound along Crowleys Road and rolling down to the N Blue Gum & Messmate Woodland Meadowlands Lagoon edge. Kaliguil Lagoon embankment south Alexandra Glade O Research Gardens A large level to gently sloping lawn contained Associated with Nursery and Operations by the perimeter mounded landform and forests along Alexandra Street; closely Specimen Tree Avenues associated with the Bioregional Shelter The principal avenues of specimen shade trees providing opportunity for musical and cultural are associated with several of the primary activities. circulation routes where these do not interfere with the identified visual corridors. In addition Lagoon Slopes there are areas of arboretum type planting where Lawn slopes sloping gently down to the specimen shade trees are located relative to Meadowlands Lagoon edge allowing for open specific functional elements – e.g the events views to the aquatic plants and wildlife. lawns and the carpark areas. Focus Lawns This vegetation massing strategy provides a Lawns and gardens associated with the diverse range of microclimate conditions, homestead gatehouse and Meadowlands particularly with the varied sunshine and shadow Focus; an important visual recognition point in patterns resulting; microclimate is one of the the approach along Alexandra Street. major determinants in plant species planning, selection, location and establishment; Pump House Lawns Area of sloping lawns surrounding the Pump House and including the bore field and the 5.8.4. Open Lawns siltation ponds; an extension of the adjacent arboretum planting. There are a series of irregular but expansive lawn areas to provide definition between the various plant community groupings and gardens. The 5.8.5. Plant Collection lawns also provide the opportunity to attract and encourage varying community social functions Members of the Botanic Gardens Master Plan and cultural events. Many of the lawn areas Review Working Group have developed a broad contain view corridors between the various focal strategy to direct detail planning for the living points and it is important to maintain these collection to be established in Meadowlands. The unobstructed by trees to preserve the visual Horticultural Reference Group will need to relationships across the site.. continue to develop and refine the strategy, to
identify and prioritise the botanical and The principal lawns are as follows: horticultural opportunities for progressive inclusion Meadowlands Centre surrounds as part of the detail design process. Lawns and gardens for strolling around the Centre, providing views to most areas of the Selected species from the identified communities Botanic Gardens. will also be subject to specialised research and
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.21 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens display elsewhere in the Principal Display areas of The core theme for Meadowlands is the the Botanic Gardens. research, development and interpretation of the CQC Bioregional species for their The objective is to establish a representative scientific value and potential for application in selection of species endemic to the Central amenity horticulture; Coastal Queensland Bioregion that are Riverine Forest – along the western considered to have specific scientific or embankment down to Eulamere Lagoon; environmental value and / or also exhibit potential Rare and Threatened species – generally to for use in amenity horticulture. be grown in the most appropriate locations as opposed to one grouping; BGCI has specific parameters to guide this decision; interpret as 5.8.5.1. CQC Bioregion Communities a theme trail; The principal plant communities, theme / Byfield and Manifold Heath – selected demonstration gardens and related research decorative species to be displayed in amenity opportunities currently identified as appropriate for horticulture theme gardens; (It is likely that inclusion in the Meadowlands section of the the proposed sand dunes initially planned to Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens include: be established in the Eulamere wetlands may not be supported by the proposed lagoons catchment hydraulic study); A Rainforests of Hills & Low Ranges Street tree research – specimens to be displayed along major pathways and in other B1 Upland Rainforest open space areas; B2 Upland Open Forest Weed and pest plants - interpret the potential C1 & C2 Dry Rainforest risks associated with living plant displays through signage and illustrations similar to the D Rocky Fringing Forest publication “Are your plants going bush?’; E Beach Scrub / Forest Rainforest vines – display appropriately on specialised supports that have relevance to F1 & F2 Blue Gum & Cabbage Palm Forest actual use in horticulture; G Alluvial Rainforest Community Gardens - generally inappropriate in a Botanic Garden except to demonstrate H Riverine Rainforest specific horticultural techniques; unless I Fringing Forest gardens are established as part of the College of Horticulture; J Sand Plain Woodland Cooking and Growing – kitchen gardens K1, K2 & K3 Paperbark Forests associated with the Meadowlands Centre restaurant could be advantageous but only if L1 Mixed Open Forest / Woodland included as part of the College of Horticulture; L2 Mixed Eucalyptus Forest
M Vine Thicket 5.8.5.3. Theme Trails N Blue Gum & Messmate Woodland Plant specimens growing in varying site locations O Research Gardens and conditions that share common traits or characteristics can best be interpreted, displayed Refer to clause 5.6.2 for specific detail of the and discovered though traversing a specific theme Regional Plant Communities. trail. Signage and specific brochures are Refer to figure 5.02 fundamental tools to convey information and interpretation.
5.8.5.2. Theme Gardens Theme Trails would include: Reef to Mountains Transect The following list includes the communities and Rare & threatened species themes considered by the Working Group during Timber Trees the review process. The Horticultural Reference Taxonomic Trails Group will continue to identify, refine and expand Bush Tucker & Native Fruits the opportunities in conjunction with the ongoing Poisonous Plants planning and design process for Meadowlands
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5.8.5.4. Reef to Mountains Transect The same species quite often occur in more The ‘Reef to Mountains Transect’ is planned as a than one bioregional environment specialised circuitous walkway which traverses consequently it is desirable to avoid through most of the subregion zones to unnecessary species repetition; carefully encourage inspection and provide interpretation analyse and select representative species to for the display of selected plants of each be established in specific biological or ecosystem which have particular values such as - ecological groups; rare and threatened, unique character, particular Linking selected species within related function, ornamental potential, economic value, taxonomic classifications will provide the cultural association, etc. opportunity to interpret and explain species association with soils, microclimate etc; the The Reef to Mountains Transect is seen as the development of a series of taxonomic theme principal visitor experience introducing the trails and associated brochures will assist observer to the botanic and horticultural qualities logical collection inspection and interpretation; of the plant communities of the Central Soil types have little relevance to successfully Queensland Coast Bioregion; once established it establishing local bioregional species but will become the most significant scientific and surface and subsurface drainage is an aesthetically interesting component of the Mackay important determinant; Regional Botanic Gardens. Traversing this Consideration to be given to specialised corridor will provide a glimpse of the unique contemporary planning initiatives that will natural heritage of the region and encourage the create an innovative conventionalised or visitor to explore the national and environmental abstract layout as opposed to a ‘natural’ parks as well as other reserves found throughout representation; planning by a layering process the mountains, valleys, plains, coasts and islands for the various levels of vegetation will assist of the region. the process; Site planning should consider the development of a series of ‘rooms’ throughout 5.8.6. Vegetation Planning Generally the various precincts and gardens, each with differing character, size and relationships will The plant collection is fundamental to the evolving provide for optimum interpretation value and significance of the Botanic Gardens. opportunities as well as visual diversity; Detail vegetation planning and design must be Site planning should consider the use of organised progressively, always in close transitional spaces linking the ‘rooms’ which collaboration with the Horticultural Reference may be open lawns, forest corridors or Group to ensure optimum selection and waterways; establishment of representative bioregional Identify specific ‘showcase’ areas for the species. This report lists the principal plant prime plant collection located as focal communities of the CQC Bioregion and defines a elements at path junctions and along the site zone location for those identified to be primary circulation routes; established on site as well as others that would be Maximise site diversity by interpreting the more logically situated and studied in an annex physical features of the bioregion through site elsewhere. innovative abstract landform and related structures collectively creating the setting for Refer to clause 5.5 & figure 5.02. the associated plant groups; The linking theme throughout the Gardens to It is not intended to establish or ‘duplicate’ natural be the ‘application of botany into horticulture’; bioregional plant communities in the Botanic For instance this approach maximises the Gardens but to evaluate and interpret their ability to demonstrate how tall trees individual physical, environmental and landscape competing for light in a rainforest environment attributes in specialised arrangements and become a suitably sized small shade tree relationships. when grown in open sunny situations; conversely, species that tend to be small in Application of a series of planning parameters will the wild due to poor soil, lack of moisture, assist in ensuring the establishment of a browsing of animals or frequent fire events scientifically logical living collection as well as an may become much larger when grown under aesthetically pleasing landscape. good horticultural conditions without these limiting factors. The principal vegetation planning parameters include:
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.23 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.8.6.1. Plant Community Composition living collection garden. Each group should be closely related to a path or lawn area to aid in One of the most important of the planning observation and signage for interpretation. procedures is the interpretation of the composition and form of the natural RE bioregion communities Species diversity & association to be applied to the layout design for the related Each RE will offer a range of plant relationships planting in the Botanic Gardens – Meadowlands. relative to microclimate and or local physical Reference should be made to the relevant conditions which will assist in the display and information published by and available from the interpretation of the natural diversity of species Queensland Herbarium supported as well by field through – form, height, spread, habit, texture, inspections to verify the physical components, colour, flower, fruit, foliage etc; identify the relative relationships and influences. patterns from field observation for translation into the living collection garden design; Detail planning and design for the establishment of the living collection throughout the Botanic Plant density Gardens will involve consideration of the following The number of plants in a specific area of a RE is components typical of most natural communities: influenced by both natural and applied influences. Plant density is directly related to the optimum Composition mature size but varies dependent on whether Understand the typical basic plant composition of specimens are individual and isolated or if grown each selected RE community: dominant species, together in groups. Additionally horticultural plant layering and plant density; develop design maintenance procedures (formative pruning) can parameters to influence the planning for the modify natural form and habit. related living collection garden; Comprehensive knowledge Vegetation layers It is vital that the designer, aided by the Understand and assess the composition of the RE Horticultural Reference Group, has a community to define the logical and desirable comprehensive knowledge and understanding of make up of the on-site garden; note particularly the RE bioregional communities and their related the various layers - tree canopy, understorey, species to ensure optimum planning, design and ground cover and feature specimens; establishment of the living collection.
Sectional relationships Identify and define if there is a range of natural The diagram below illustrates a method of RE botanic, physical or aesthetic associations Community representation in ‘sub-beds’. occurring within an RE for translation into the collection garden design; it is possible that there will be a number of such groupings which could be expressed as individual ‘sub-beds’ across the Theoretical RE Community layout
Pathway through RE RE community ‘sub-bed’ community garden containing selected associated plant layers
Garden edge
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Forest Garden & Arboretum Lawn relationship Vegetation groups and path relationship
Vegetation groups and path relationship Vegetation groups and path relationship
Vegetation groups and path relationship Formal research gardens related to path
Relationship of plants, paths, rocks and mulches Dividing plant groups by a drainage swale ‘path’
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.25 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.8.6.2. Planting Layout Design Garden cross section Locate specimens within a garden bed or forest When planning the layout for a garden or forest area to take advantage of their natural form and area it is important to consider and apply specific habit to maximise appreciation as lawns and design principles to ensure that the long term pathways are traversed. High branching trees development and establishment of the plant allow understory plants; dense full height shrub specimens is appropriate for optimum scientific, foliage restricts viewing but provide wind breaks. information and interpretation purposes. The Reverse configuration maximises canopy sun principal considerations include: exposure to the north.
Note that as Mackay is north of the Tropic of Capricorn, summer sun (November to February) shines from the south Specimen size and spread but at a steep acute angle. Ensure sufficient space is allocated for the expected mature development of tree species; as Garden cross sections also function as isolated specimens; in a grove; or as an avenue. windbreaks when aligned across the direction of Many rainforest species where competing for prevailing winds. space and light in a natural forest, naturally develop columnar form with significantly greater height than when grown in open cultivation. Although as isolated specimens canopy spread may be much greater. SE winds
N
Columnar upright spreading
N
Garden layout Aspect Location of specimens in gardens with groups of Know where north is. Locate specimens relative to multiple species should always allow for at least preferred sun exposure to maximise flowering, one or two of a group to be placed close to the fruiting and foliage colour. Assess where edge of a path or lawn to assist labelling, close maximum and minimum sun exposure is found plant inspection and avoid public access across a around the perimeter of a garden bed or forest garden bed to see an internal plant of interest. area and locate species appropriately.
Afternoon sun N
Shade Full Sun
Morning sun
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5.9. Interpretation of the Collection 5.9.2. Aims and Objectives
A botanic gardens is by definition a place for Aims research and the study of botany together with its application to horticulture. There is significant To ensure that the Mackay Regional Botanic potential to increase the public awareness of the Gardens is seen as a leader in the study of Botanic Gardens and the collection by a botany and horticulture for the central tropical professionally structured interpretation strategy, coastal area of north Queensland; which encourages increased visitation, interaction To ensure that the Botanic Gardens is well and use of the Botanic Gardens by the general known and appreciated by local residents and community. The educational potential of the visitors; Garden can be realised in numerous ways, both To set directions for the future development of straightforward and subtle. informative, educational and interpretative facilities; There are stories to be told about each section of To ensure that all audience groups and the site, about the habitat from which the plants relevant issues are addressed; come, about the methods used to grow them To provide specific recommendations for successfully and about the ways in which they can services inside and outside the Botanic be used. The techniques used to convey Gardens; information about these stories may be indoors in To ensure that each aspect is presented as a visitor centre, or outdoors on site; they may part of the right story, in the right place, to the involve signs, brochures, audio-visual media or right audience, using appropriate and varied person to person interaction with the visitors. techniques; To ensure that visitors are moved through a logical progression from basic orientation to broad themes and finally site or plant specific 5.9.1. Main Components of an interpretation; Interpretive Plan To ensure that all educational, informative and interpretative materials is of the highest The three main components of an interpretive standard. plan should not be considered in isolation, as they all depend on, and support each other. Objectives Information To encourage the appropriate use of the This is the means by which people familiarise Botanic Gardens through interpretative devices themselves with the Gardens’ values, facilities, such as signs, exhibits, walking tracks, person- regulations, things to see and do, direction finding to-person programs and through audio-visual and so on. The need for visitors to feel media; comfortable and know where they are in the To provide visitors with the kind of knowledge Gardens is vital to their enjoyment. and information that will enable discovery, understanding, appreciation and enjoyment of Education the ecology, and the natural and cultural features of the Gardens; A varied approach is used to convey a range of To provide general information to visitors about information and messages from ‘hands on’ the facilities and features available; discovery sessions, involvement in the Gardens To demonstrate some of the past uses of the and written materials, all supported by personal Botanic Gardens site, the history of the services. Emphasis is usually placed on Lagoons Reserve and present management of attainment of knowledge and skills but also needs the Gardens; to excite and engage the learner. To assist visitors and local residents to
appreciate the role of the Botanic Gardens in Interpretation / Signage preserving plant communities, ecological
systems and natural landscapes. This is the means by which the visitor increases their knowledge, enjoyment, awakens interest and understanding of the plants, wildlife, ecology and environmental issues, usually by personal involvement through various media.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.27 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
5.9.3. Interpretative / Educational Themes Flora of the Region: Plant communities There is a wide range of opportunities for the Rare and threatened species interpretation of the Mackay Regional Botanic Current floristic, botanical and ecological Gardens, which will satisfy a diverse range of research visitor interests. The following schedule gives an History of plant exploration and exploitation in indication of some of the themes that could be the region developed. Links with other parks and reserves in the region
The Gardens Site: Horticulture: Historic aspects of the Gardens site – Plants with ornamental horticulture potential agriculture, research, recreation, water Fruits and commercial products treatment Special collection (orchids, palms etc) People and events of the past Demonstration gardens (windbreak, water- Historic site, artefacts, plantings efficient plantings etc) Lagoons and wetlands Sensory gardens (fragrant flowers, leaves, Historically significant plants colour, texture etc) Botanically significant plants Fauna: Indigenous Perspective: Invertebrates (coastal, freshwater, woodland Use of the area in pre-contact times etc) Ethno-botany in the Mackay coastal region Fish Current involvement – bush tucker Reptiles and frogs Dreamtime legends Birds Art stories / Local stories Mammals Insects Australian South Sea Islander and Torres Strait Islander Perspective: Conservation Topics: Cultural links with lagoons, cane farming, and Erosion (by land clearing for urban, peri-urban research station and industrial development, farming, mining, Indigenous vegetation of Islander’s water) homelands, both South Sea Islands and Weeds Torres Strait Islands Pollution, litter Ceremonial grounds and displays Feral animals, domestic animals Food plants Water Management Biodiversity Basic Plant Needs: Ecology - plants need insects; insects need Light (competition, leaf shape, photosynthesis) plants; one cannot exist without the other; Water (too little versus too much, adaptations) Composting Nutrients (root competition, epiphytes, Worm farms parasites, mycorrhiza, soil types) Predator avoidance (physical and chemical mechanisms) Reproduction (vegetative, sexual, mechanisms for pollination, seed dispersal) Poisonous plants Life cycle – seed to tree
Plant Groups: Major divisions of plant kingdom Plant classification Evolution of Australian / coastal flora from Gondwana regions Links with Asia and Pacific flora Flora of Sister Cities of Mackay
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ACTION SUMMARY: Section 5 – THE PLANT COLLECTION The following items extracted from this section of the 2010 Master Plan report define the principal priorities and actions recommended to ensure the continuing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens.
MP Ref: The numeric reference to the various clauses and sections in the 2010 Master Plan Priority: 1 – immediate; 2 – short term; 3 – long term Responsibility: MRC Mackay Regional Council; MRBG Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens HRG Horticultural Reference Group Friends MRBG Friends & Volunteers Herbarium MRBG Herbarium Stage 1&2 consolidation works for stages 1 & 2 Stage 3 planning and design for stage 3, Meadowlands
MP ref Item Précis Action Priority Responsibility Living Collection: The Mackay Regional Botanic The collection should be Gardens has the potential to established so as to maximise the attain national significance, botanic and horticultural attributes 1 MRBG 5.2 given the varied site 2 Stage 1&2 and create an essentially unique characteristics which provide 3 Stage 3 assemblage of plants throughout the opportunity to establish a the gardens developed over time. diverse range of regional plant communities and associations. Develop the thematic structure of the gardens and the associated plant collection to primarily follow 1 MRBG Living Collection: ecological groupings, (which are 2 5.2 3 Stage 1&2 Preferred Themes preferable to taxonomic groupings Stage 3 on horticultural grounds), for their greater educational and interpretative value. Annex Sites: Appropriate sites should be set While most of the bioregional aside and suitably integrated under flora will be able to be the botanic gardens living collection 2 5.3 established on the Lagoons and signage policies with 3 MRBG site there will be difficulties development and management with some of the more coordinated by the curator and specialised communities. gardens staff. Exotic plants currently located at the botanic gardens could be more appropriately displayed in Queens Queens Park was not Park or some other more suitable 1 MRC 5.3.1 recommended as an annex to 2 MRBG location: manage as MRBG; complementary with joint promotion to maximise the scientific value of the combined collections. Continue collecting voucher specimens for the Living Plant Collection as a major ongoing 2 5.4.2 Herbarium Collection commitment of the Botanic 3 MRBG Gardens that is closely coordinated with the Queensland State Herbarium. Living Collection: Continue to develop and maintain the first phase of development the collection to optimum botanic 5.6 on the Eastern Sections of the 1 MRBG and horticultural levels; with specific 5.7 site, focus primarily on the 2 Stage 1&2 reference to the 12 identified application of botany into elements listed horticulture through the
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.29 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
development of specialised theme and demonstration gardens. Living Collection: the second phase of development, Meadowlands, will principally focus on specific Plan, design, develop and maintain 5.6 attributes of the Central 2 MRBG the collection to optimum botanic 5.8 Queensland Coast Bioregion 3 Stage 3 and horticultural levels; plant communities providing for research and interpretation of their scientific, botanic and horticultural values. Earthworks & Landform: the proposed landform for Meadowlands is suggested by the broad physio-geographic Detail planning and design for structure of the CQC Meadowlands landform 2 MRBG 5.8.1 bioregion; comprising the modification to be closely integrated 3 Stage 3 associated perimeter ranges, with the plant collection strategy central valley and lowlands with the central waterway system inspired by the Pioneer River. Waterways: There is potential to make the Botanic Gardens self sufficient Detail planning and design for in water use as well as Meadowlands drainage and 2 MRBG 5.8.2 demonstrating a strong waterways to be closely integrated 3 Stage 3 application of sustainability by with the plant collection strategy the water recycling and biological treatment processes proposed. Detail planning and design for Plant Massing: forest or specimens planting to Initial planning provides for a consider the influence of sun and 2 MRBG 5.8.3 combination of forest areas as wind to ensure optimum scientific 3 Stage 3 well as open lawns with and aesthetic values. individual specimens.
Lawn Areas: Detail planning and design to Irregular and expansive lawn ensure establishment of lawn areas areas with varying function 2 MRBG 5.8.4 to preserve view corridors between also provide definition between 3 Stage 3 the various focal points the various plant community unobstructed by trees. groupings and gardens. Organise a continuing programme Plant Collection: for the Horticultural Reference The Botanic Gardens Master Group to identify and prioritise the 1 Plan Review Working Group is 2 MRBG 5.8.5 botanical and horticultural in process of rationalising the 3 Stage 3 opportunities of the plant collection strategy for the collection to be for progressive inclusion. established in Meadowlands.
Theme Garden and Trails: A series of theme gardens and theme trails are suggested; Detail planning and design for Reef to Mountains Transect Meadowlands to ensure integration 2 MRBG 5.8.5 will become the most of these important interpretive and 3 Stage 3 significant scientific and promotional elements aesthetically interesting components. This corridor will
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provide a glimpse of the unique natural heritage of the region and encourage the visitor to explore the national and environmental parks throughout region. Planting Planning & Layout: Application of a series of Detail planning and design for planning parameters assists in 5.8.6 Meadowlands to ensure application 2 MRBG ensuring the development of a 5.8.7 of the site planning and layout 3 Stage 3 scientifically logical and parameters listed aesthetically pleasing landscape. Interpretation: There is significant potential to increase the public awareness Develop and implement a of gardens and the collection comprehensive interpretation by a professionally structured 2 MRBG 5.9 strategy to maximise the value of interpretation strategy, which 3 Stage 3 the collection and the Botanic encourages increased Gardens to the public. visitation, interaction and use of the Botanic Gardens by the general community.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 5.31 !"#*!"#*
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
6.6 IMPLEMENTATION Opportunities also exist for the Council to use the Master Plan as a basis for applications to source funding for the continuing development of this 6.1. Cost Estimates Botanic Gardens. These other source funds may involve State and Federal Government grants or 6.1.1. Basis of Estimate subsidies as well as corporate and private sponsorship for specific elements within the A broad scale estimate of costs has been Botanic Gardens. prepared for the Botanic Gardens, based on the planning and design data outlined in the text, illustrations and drawings of this Master Plan 6.1.2. Economic evaluation report. Consequently appropriate assumptions have been made relative to specific quantities, The overall development of the Botanic Gardens areas and particular items. will of necessity continue over an extended period of time and should be directly related to the Refer to section 4 for specific description of the economic and social benefits that such proposed scope of work. expenditure could stimulate.
The assessment of the construction costs do not It is expected that the long-term economic cover every aspect of the overall project as there stimulus would be of major consequence, are many factors requiring final determination, e.g. primarily related to the flow on benefits to existing the waterway hydraulics. and proposed community initiatives engendered through the development of the Gardens. The The estimate figures used in the calculation are analysis and assessment of the economic benefits basically current (2010) contract rates. It is expected that some of the development tasks will be carried out is one of the most important components, which by Mackay City Council staff and also by volunteers, can be used by Council to justify expenditure and consequently this will influence (reduce?) the final source sponsorship for the development of the actual cost. project.
The next phase of the project will progressively It is recommended that this cost-benefit and develop the Master Plan to specific detail planning economic evaluation study be carried out as and design development documentation. This an integral part of the design development and process will provide for more exact estimates to detail planning phase. be prepared for the specific elements.
The following figures are therefore presented as 6.1.3. Estimated Development Costs an indicative cost for the design concepts as outlined in the Master Plan. They will assist in Refer attached estimate spreadsheet, which identifying the relative value of the various itemises the principal elements of the continuing components planned for the development of this Botanic Gardens development to 2019 / 2020. Botanic Gardens site, and to determine logical and viable annual budgets, allocation of funds, It is obvious that the capital cost of developing the related extent of development and a time frame Botanic Gardens is high and not easily justified for their progressive implementation. without the benefit of a comprehensive cost benefit analysis. It is strongly recommended that The estimate will need to be progressively an economic evaluation study be carried out as reviewed to determine the quantum of budget part of the final endorsement of the continuing costs relative to the following items: establishment of the Botanic Gardens.
Project Management, Administration, The estimate has been worked in two sections: Operations Detail Design Documentation and Tender Consolidation - stages one & two; Process Meadowlands; Construction by Contract
Construction by Council Resources The following are the major components of the Construction by Voluntary Labour itemised spreadsheet estimate (figures have been Maintenance and Operations – Staffing and rounded). Equipment Marketing and Promotion Accessing Funding and Sponsorship
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 6.1 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
6.1.4. Other Associated Costs Consolidation - stages one and two Management and Operations Circulation $ 1,044,000 It is impossible at this time to assess the costs of Construction $ 2,035,000 management and operational procedures related Services $ 27,000 to the establishment and development of the Vegetation $ 110,000 Gardens. These costs involve a range of issues ______including related administration, materials, Development estimate $ 3,216,000 equipment etc. A provisional allowance has been included to cover these procedures but it will be necessary to establish this component exactly as Cremorne Visitor Centre completion part of the economic evaluation. Not included in the above figure is an amount of one point eight million dollars ($1,800,000) estimated for the Education and Visitor Reference Consolidation - stages one and two Centre (the third module of the original design). Council has made application under the Regional The estimate allocates expenditure (rounded) and Local Infrastructure Program – Strategic over an eleven year period to 2019 / 2020. Projects (RLCIP-SP). ______ Project Management and Operations Allocation over eleven year period $220,000 Recurrent Investments $648,000 Not included above – estimated figure for the Contingency Sum botanic collection; plant & equipment; The estimate includes a general contingency interpretation & directional signage - for stages 1, sum assessed as a percentage of the overall 2 and Meadowlands. development costs to provide for flexibility, change and to cover unforeseen issues.
Allocation over eleven year period $100,000
Meadowlands Consultancy Fees The estimate provides for an allowance for consultancy fees and related costs to cover the Siteworks $ 1,345,000 following issues: Services $ 1,080,000 - Project Coordination Circulation $ 3,020,000 - Master Plan interpretation Construction $ 3,115,000 - Preparation of related briefs Vegetation $ 1,000,000 - Detail design documentation ______- Survey – specific areas Development estimate $ 9,560,000 - Landscape – design and supervision - Engineering – roads, bridges, services, Meadowlands Centre hydrology Not included in the above figure is an amount of - Architecture – Communications Module three million dollars ($3,000,000) estimated for the - Economic Evaluation / Feasibility Meadowlands Centre components: administration, - Assessment of funding options herbarium, conservatory, conference centre, community group meeting facilities, restaurant, Allocation over eleven year period $280,000 decks and terraces. The Working Group has ______indicated a desire that the facility be self funding Total associated costs $ 600,000 consequently this will have an impact on final budget decisions and related scope of work. ______
Meadowlands Outdoor Performance Centre Meadowlands - stage three Not included in the above figure is an amount of four million dollars ($4,000,000) estimated for the The estimate allocates expenditure (rounded) ultimate development of the amphitheatre and over an eleven year period to 2019 / 2020. stage facilities.
Project Management and operations Allocation over eleven year period $380,000
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Contingency Sum Cremorne Visitor Centre completion The estimate includes a general contingency Not included in the above figure is an amount of sum assessed as a percentage of the overall one point eight million dollars ($1,800,000) development costs to provide for flexibility, estimated for the Education and Visitor Reference change and to cover unforeseen issues. Centre (the third module of the original design). Council has made application under the Regional Allocation over eleven year period $170,000 and Local Infrastructure Program – Strategic Projects (RLCIP-SP). Consultancy Fees The estimate provides for an allowance for Recurrent Investments $648,000 consultancy fees and related costs to cover the Included in the above figure – estimated figure for following issues: the botanic collection; plant & equipment; - Project Coordination interpretation & directional signage - for stages 1, - Master Plan interpretation 2 and Meadowlands - Preparation of related briefs - Detail design documentation ______- Survey – specific areas - Landscape – design and supervision Meadowlands - Engineering – roads, bridges, services, hydrology 2009/2010 $15,000 - Architecture – Communications Module 2010/2011 $1,300,000 - Economic Evaluation / Feasibility 2011/2012 $1,670,000 - Assessment of funding options 2012/2013 $1,010,000 2013/2014 $1,145,000 Allocation over eleven year period $500,000 2014/2015 $1,150,000 2015/2016 $1,220,000 ______2016/2017 $700,000 Total associated costs $ 1,050,000 2017/2018 $540,000 2018/2019 $410,000 2019/2020 $320,000 Future $80,000 6.1.5. Development Plan to 2019 /2020 ______Total $ 9,560,000 The following schedule indicates the provisional value, (rounded), relative to the suggested It would be possible to extend the redevelopment development programme itemised over the period process over a longer period by effectively from 2009/10 to 2019/20. spreading each proposed yearly budget over two or more years. This will be dependent on the The itemised estimated cost analysis, including availability of capital funding / sponsorship, additional associated costs, is reproduced in full in assistance as well as voluntary labour and the attached spreadsheet. materials.
Meadowlands Centre Consolidation - stages one & two Not included in the above figure is an amount of three million dollars ($3,000,000) estimated for the 2009/2010 $210,000 Meadowlands Centre components: administration, 2010/2011 $910,000 herbarium, conservatory, conference centre, 2011/2012 $550,000 community group meeting facilities, restaurant, 2012/2013 $350,000 decks and terraces. The Working Group has 2013/2014 $390,000 indicated a desire that the facility be self funding 2014/2015 $350,000 consequently this will have an impact on final 2015/2016 $190,000 budget decisions and related scope of work. 2016/2017 $270,000 2017/2018 $100,000 Meadowlands Outdoor Performance Centre 2018/2019 $190,000 Not included in the above figure is an amount of 2019/2020 $120,000 four million dollars ($4,000,000) estimated for the Future $230,000 ultimate development of the amphitheatre and ______stage facilities. Total $ 3,860,000
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 6.3 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
6.1.6. Action Plan 6.1.8. Focus Dates
The time and budget restraints dictate that it will It is suggested that for Meadowlands, Council not be possible to develop the Botanic Gardens in should determine a date for the completion of the one process. The logical implementation of the initial development process to act as a focus for Master Plan requires a staged process of works the marketing and promotion of the Botanic based on the combination of variable factors of Gardens. Such a focus date will maintain Council, construction, user demand, labour availability and public and corporate enthusiasm and support. budgetary constraints. A special date during the period up to 2020 that is It will be necessary to develop a detail action plan of community relevance could be considered as a for the continuing development of this Botanic suitable focus date for the initial completion of Gardens site once specific budgets and time lines Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens – have been set. This is a fundamental and Meadowlands. It is likely that the completion of the important part of the implementation process. The phase one development process could benefit by Action Plan will define the priorities for action and association with some local, regional or national their recommended timing. event during this period. Refer to the Action Summary at the end of each report section to use as a basis for the preparation 6.1.9. Development Assistance of the Action Plan Government Assistance Investigate available funding and assistance from By necessity, most Botanic Gardens have a long- Government sources and initiatives. Preliminary term development process as plant material takes enquires reveal that it may be difficult to access a number of years to develop to an advanced further specific funding for the continuing state when it is aesthetically dramatic and establishment and development of the Botanic interesting to the public at large. Generally Gardens but lateral interpretation of existing construction procedures (drainage, earthworks programmes may suggest opportunities for etc) must be completed before many of the assistance for particular elements or components. planting procedures can take place. Therefore it is strongly recommended that any major Corporate Sponsorship construction works, which effect specific planting The Mackay region is one of the more popular locations and extensive site areas be completed tourism destinations of Australia. Council could at the earliest time possible in the implementation be well placed to attract assistance in the Botanic programme. Gardens development from the allied corporate sector, tourism industry or individual sponsorship. 6.1.7. Initial Planning & Budgets Council could continue to make representation to Council has continued the support and funding for the various larger industries and development the progressive development of the Botanic companies to engender interest and hopefully enlist financial or practical assistance. Gardens and the following initial items have been discussed and endorsed by the Master Plan Acknowledgement of donors/sponsors Working Group. During the stage 1 process a Policy decision was made, that there be no ‘donated by’ labelling of Budget 2010/2011 structures, items, plants anywhere within the $1.5m allocation for the Botanic Gardens; Gardens. Donors/sponsors were to be Budget 2011/2012 acknowledged on plaque to be mounted within the construction budget to be set based on the Cremorne Visitor Centre Gallery area, with Master Plan additions added from time to time.
The Working Group agreed that it was important Comprehensive lists of property owners and to achieve a master plan that defines: individuals who allowed access and or donated plants or plant material, plus substantial donations Consolidation of stages one and two from the Port Authority have been maintained. 5-10 year prioritised plan for Meadowlands Recognition plaques have not been installed. Documentation / implementation process - 2009/10 - Master Plan This report supports the Working Group - 2010/11 – Design Development recommendation that donors/sponsors be publicly - 2011/12 – Documentation acknowledged by suitable signage on a dedicated - 2011/12 – Construction continuing wall in the Cremorne Visitor Centre third module - Education and Visitor Reference Centre. [4.3.3]
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6.2. Detail Planning and Design - preparation of Design Manual to guide ongoing Development implementation procedures; - preparation of an Environmental Management Project Co-ordination and Maintenance Manual to guide In order to complete the next phase of the maintenance procedures; - detail construction documentation; development, it will be necessary to carry out a - tender process, inspections and contract range of procedures which will determine specific administration; parameters for detail planning, design, construction and management. Detail Site Survey These procedures involve a range of disciplines - site boundaries as necessary; and expertise and it will be necessary to manage - site contours the project to ensure careful control and - spot levels of specific defined elements; coordination. An appropriate project manager who - significant vegetation; is aware of all the aspects of the planning, - existing features location; development and operational processes is a basic - services availability and suitability; requirement. This role could be provided by the Landscape Architect in association with the Integrated Hydraulic and Environment curator and other relevant Council staff. Studies - lagoon, and waterway hydraulics; Specific Design Development Procedures - relationship to overall catchment; - flooding and flood mitigation; The following schedule outlines the major items - water supply and irrigation; which require to be identified, researched and - water quality – on site; prepared as part of the Design Development - water quality – ex situ; process. The procedures are varied and involve a - environment analysis – flora and fauna; range of disciplines. Collectively the results of - landform opportunities and constraints; these studies will ensure that the Mackay - storm water management; Regional Botanic Gardens continue to be planned, developed and managed to optimum Plant Collection Planning standards. - preservation, relocation and removal of existing specimens; The list is comprehensive and it will be necessary - identification of specific environment parameters for communities; at the outset to determine an exact ongoing study - Interpretation of plant community composition process, prepare briefs and identify the costs of and related selection of most relevant species; the various consultancies necessary. It is - Planning location and extent of plant expected that some of these procedures will be communities and preparation of associated able to be carried out by Council personnel and species schedules; others by consultant. The exact scope of service - prepare planting layout plans related to and specific areas of responsibility will need to be landscape construction drawings; identified progressively and resolved initially in - develop time line for progressive discussion. implementation (construction and planting) to facilitate nursery plant production process;
Roads and Traffic Studies This schedule includes the most significant - site access; planning and design procedures, which are - roadwork’s external to site; required to direct the progressive on-going - internal roadwork’s and parking; development of the Botanic Gardens. They have - transport links and upgrading; been basically listed in order of priority in each section. Marketing & promotion - set up public awareness program; Landscape Planning and Design - develop a promotion and marketing strategy; - overall project management and control; - develop time line to define progressive Economic evaluation implementation for construction and - develop a cost benefit analysis and economic subsequent planting; feasibility study; - preparation of briefs for engineering and - investigate assistance opportunities for architecture elements; Government, corporate, private funding and - observe all relative Australian Standards with sponsorship; particular reference to applicable Mackay Regional Council action plans and polices; - general landscape planning and design development procedures; - earthworks assessment & definition;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 6.5 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
6.3. Management and Operation The Curator is responsible for the management, organisation and implementation of all on-site The development of a botanic garden is an work on a continuing basis. Apart from the day to extensive undertaking and one which will continue day staff management and direction, the Curator over many years. The immensity of the task must supervise any day labour, or contractors on should be moderated by involving physical and site as well as organising and co-ordinating financial assistance from the local community, volunteer groups. industry and commerce as well as various levels of government. To ensure that the planning concept is commenced and continued in accordance with the The final success of the Mackay Regional Botanic Master Plan, it is appropriate to retain the input of Gardens will depend largely on the continuing the Landscape Architect in a consultant role, support given by the Regional Council and the assisting the Curator as necessary, in the quality of its management and staff members. interpretation of the planning documents and in coordinating the preparation of the detail design Management Generally elements. For a botanic garden to function to optimum levels and to be able to respond to the botanic, General Staff horticulture and environment parameters and The horticultural management of the Gardens is opportunities of the Botanic Gardens community, very labour intensive and will remain so as the the facility must be relatively autonomous, but new construction and horticultural elements are supported by Council. It is generally preferable progressively developed and maintained to for a botanic garden to function under the Council appropriate quality standards associated with a umbrella but to be responsible for its own botanic gardens of regional significance. management and budget in order to ensure optimum development and operation. The It will be necessary to progressively engage management and responsibilities currently permanent experienced staff to assist the Curator established for the Mackay Regional Botanic with Botanic Gardens management and Gardens continue to provide suitable and specific operations as well as construction and management and operational procedures. maintenance. The quantum of staff will progressively increase with the site area Botanic Gardens Advisory Board established. It is vital to attract the most suitably The existing committee structure should be qualified and experienced staff to assist the maintained and progressively enhanced to form Curator. an overall Advisory Board to strengthen the links between the Gardens and the academic, scientific Other construction staff, maintenance and and general community. The Board would have gardening staff could be made available through the responsibility of proposing specific the Council workforce, or by contract which would development initiatives, researching available allow staff levels to be varied according to the funding and assistance, organising promotion and specific and seasonal demands of the site marketing, representing the Gardens regionally, establishment process. nationally and internationally, and generally assisting with optimum management and Current and immediate future staff levels are organisation. indicated in the following Operational Plan: Curator Board members should represent a related cross Three full time management assistants section of the community with specific reference One Visitor Services Officer to environment, botany, horticulture, academic, Three Leading Hands tourism, finance, marketing and promotion. Four Labourers Work experience students Botanic Gardens Curator The appointed Curator is responsible for overall It is planned to increase staffing by at least eight management of the Botanic Gardens. The in the period to 2013. responsibilities of this position are comprehensive including aspects of planning, development, With the planned development of Meadowlands it research, interpretation and operations. The role is important that staffing levels are matched to the is time consuming, particularly during the site areas requiring specialised maintenance. It is progressive development periods when new counter-productive to develop areas without the landscape, botanic and horticultural initiatives associated staff levels being confirmed initially. demand full attention and understanding.
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Curator
Visitors Services Team Leader Administration Officer Operations Officer
Records / Education Officer Leading Hand Leading Hand Leading Hand Technical Officer Horticulture Aboriculture Maintenance Work Experience Students
Horticulturalist Leading Hand Groundsman Friends of the Waterways / Gardens / Habitat Volunteers Horticulturalist Labourer (level 3) Nurseryman
Horticulturalist Leading Hand Turf Maintenance
Horticulturalist
Mower Operator
Horticultural
Trainee Labourer (level 3)
Horticultural Trainee Labourer (level 3) Operational Plan
Comparative Staffing levels proportion of infrastructure maintenance and It is generally accepted (BGANZ) that the maintain a substantial water body (the Lagoons). desirable ground staff/site area ratio for an average botanic garden in Australia is 1 staff / Aside from grounds staff, a botanic garden also hectare. Mackay would be included in this group. requires designated technical and communication For a more intensely developed botanic garden staff to gather the knowledge and share it with the the desirable ratio is 2.5 staff / hectare. wider community.
These staffing levels do not include contractors, As is explained in section 1.2 of this master plan, volunteers, trainees, environmental support a defining characteristic of a botanic gardens is groups (i.e. Green Army, Green Corps), support documenting, labelling, researching and from other Council Parks sections or Council monitoring of the collection. In some smaller departments, etc. For example; Townsville botanic gardens this role falls solely on a leading Botanic Gardens currently use contract “bark horticultural staff member or curator. In more blowers” for almost all mulching and all intensely developed botanic gardens it is common arboriculture work is completed by Council for a team be responsible for this role. To arboriculturists. Cairns Botanic Gardens uses progress at the current rate of development and to volunteers for path blow downs each morning and maintain technical information for such a large green corps groups to look after adjacent natural collection, it is necessary to have at least one areas and board walks. Currently MRBG grounds dedicated staff member at the MRBG for this role. staff also maintain the tourist information centre and city gates entrance statement parks, Education is also at the core of the role of botanic undertake the majority of their own arboricultural gardens. To make this information available to the work, mulching, amenity cleaning, a large public there is the need for dedicated staff for this purpose.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 6.7 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
Comparative current staffing levels at some of Administrative Tasks Queensland’s regional botanic gardens Marketing and promotion; Herbarium data base records – computer Botanic Garden external staff / area ratio input; Cairns 17 staff / 17 hectare Liaison with the Queensland Herbarium and Townsville (3 sites) 7 staff / 46.5 ha other Botanic Gardens; Toowoomba 5 staff /4.4 ha Interpretive signage and labeling of plants; Mackay 5 staff / 51.4 ha Acting as guides to visiting individuals and
groups;
Providing appropriate staff levels is particularly important if the collective vision to continue to Field Work, Plant Production create an iconic scientifically based Regional Plant and seed collecting in the region, and Botanic Garden is to be realised. identification;
Plant propagation, production; With the development of Meadowlands increasing Research – applied ornamental horticulture; the site area to over 50 hectares including special waterway and habitat management, it is Construction and Establishment recommended that staff levels be increased Site clearing, weed removal; progressively to ensure optimum levels of Garden establishment, cultivation, mulching; establishment and maintenance are achieved. Planting; External staff numbers could ultimately be of the Maintenance, weeding and pruning. order of 20 persons.
Horticultural Reference Group This Group of scientifically expert volunteers was 6.3.1. Botanic Gardens Relationships formed at the outset of development of the Botanic Gardens and has continued to provide To ensure the optimum development and invaluable regular assistance to the Curator and management of the Botanic Gardens it is the landscape architect throughout the initial important to register the proposed facility and to establishment phases. This significant role will be maintain continuing close links with the Australian required to continue to inform the planning, design National Botanic Gardens in Canberra, Brisbane and establishment process for the consolidation of Botanic Gardens - Mt Coot-tha Brisbane, the stages one & two and for the development of Council of Heads of Australian Botanic Gardens Meadowlands. and the Botanic Gardens Australia and New Zealand.
Volunteer Assistance It is recommended that if appropriate a copy of the Significant continuing interest has been Master Plan report be lodged with these bodies to demonstrated by the local community to assist in ensure that the optimum support and recognition a number of ways with the development of the is available to this, the most significant botanic Botanic Gardens. It is important to encourage and horticultural facility in the Central Queensland community ownership, public support, interest and Coast Bioregion. involvement by promoting continuing involvement in the ‘Botanic Gardens Friends’ group. Partnership Opportunities It is beneficial to maximise the use of appropriate As a result of the 2009 BGANZ Congress in volunteers, but it is important to ensure that any Mackay opportunities were investigated to construction work carried out is consistent with the develop two way linkages between Mackay standards associated with a Regional Botanic Regional Botanic Gardens and other Australian Gardens. It is desirable to institute training Botanic Gardens. There are many other programmes, to ensure that such construction, opportunities which should be progressively development and maintenance works are developed for mutual benefit. consistent with quality, safety, efficiency as well as ensuring harmonious industrial relations. Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG) Some of the many tasks that can be carried out by Develop a memorandum of understanding to individual volunteers and volunteer groups within supply propagules with the assistance of the the community include: local SGAP branch.
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne Assistance with development of Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens plant record database;
Coffs Harbour Botanic Gardens Liaison for educational programme development;
Gold Coast Botanic Gardens Liaison for educational programme development;
Whitsunday Regional Botanic Gardens Develop a relationship with Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens particularly at the CQC bioregion level;
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 6.9 Master Plan 2010 Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens
ACTION SUMMARY: Section 6 – IMPLEMENTATION The following items extracted from this section of the 2010 Master Plan report define the principal priorities and actions recommended to ensure the continuing development of the Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens.
MP Ref: The numeric reference to the various clauses and sections in the 2010 Master Plan Priority: 1 – immediate; 2 – short term; 3 – long term Responsibility: MRC Mackay Regional Council; MRBG Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens HRG Horticultural Reference Group Friends MRBG Friends & Volunteers Herbarium MRBG Herbarium Stage 1&2 consolidation works for stages 1 & 2 Stage 3 planning and design for stage 3, Meadowlands
MP ref Item Précis Action Priority Responsibility Indicative Costs: The estimated indicative costs for the design concepts as outlined in the Master Plan will Opportunities exist for the Council assist in identifying the relative to use the Master Plan as a basis value of the various for applications to source funding components, and to determine MRC for the continuing development of 1 MRBG 6.1.1 logical and viable annual 2 this Botanic Garden; including State Stage 1&2 budgets, allocation of funds, 3 and Federal Government grants or Stage 3 related extent of development subsidies as well as corporate and and a time frame for their private sponsorship. progressive implementation. The estimates will need to be progressively reviewed as detail design continues. Economic Assessment It is expected that the long- term economic stimulus would be of major consequence, primarily related to the flow on benefits to existing and It is recommended that this cost- proposed community initiatives benefit and economic evaluation engendered through the study be carried out as an integral MRC 6.1.2 development of the Gardens. 1 part of the design development and MRBG The analysis and assessment detail planning phase. of the economic benefits is one
of the most important components, which can be used by Council to justify expenditure and source sponsorship for the development of the project. This report supports the Working Group recommendation that donors/sponsors be publicly Donor/Sponsor acknowledged by suitable signage 1 MRBG 6.1.9 Acknowledgement on a dedicated wall in the 2 Stage 3 Cremorne Visitor Centre third module - Education and Visitor Reference Centre. [4.3.3] Management: The existing committee structure The final success of the should be maintained and 2 MRC 6.3 Mackay Regional Botanic progressively enhanced to form an 3 MRBG Gardens will depend largely on overall Advisory Board to the continuing support given strengthen the links between the
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by the Regional Council and Gardens and the academic, the quality of its management scientific and general community. and staff members. Staffing generally: With the planned development of It will be necessary to Meadowlands it is important that progressively engage staffing levels are matched to the additional permanent site areas requiring specialised 1 MRC 6.3 experienced staff to assist the 2 MRBG maintenance. It is counter- Curator with Botanic Gardens 3 Stage 3 productive to develop areas without management and operations the associated staff levels being as well as construction and confirmed initially. maintenance. The development of Meadowlands Grounds staffing levels: increases the site area to over 50 Providing appropriate grounds hectare; consequently increase staff levels is particularly staff levels progressively to ensure important if the collective 2 MRBG 6.3 optimum levels of establishment vision to continue to create an 3 Stage 3 and maintenance are achieved. iconic scientifically based Grounds staff numbers could Regional Botanic Garden is to ultimately be of the order of 20 be realised. persons. Horticultural Reference Group: This Group of scientifically Continue this significant advisory expert volunteers was formed role to inform the planning, design at the outset of development of and establishment process for the the Botanic Gardens and has 1 MRBG 6.3 consolidation of stages one & two 2 Stage 1&2 continued to provide invaluable and for the development of 3 Stage 3 regular assistance to the Meadowlands. Curator and the landscape
architect throughout the initial establishment phases. Volunteer Assistance: It is important to encourage Significant continuing interest community ownership, public has been demonstrated by the support, interest and involvement 1 MRBG 6.3 local community to assist in a by promoting continuing 2 Stage 1&2 number of ways with the involvement in the development 3 Stage 3 development of the Botanic and establishment process. Gardens.
LANDPLAN Landscape Architects page 6.11