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The Primitive, the Tribal, and the Modern

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The Primitive, the Tribal, and the Modern Art of India BY MARC LOMBARDO AND DASHIELL DAVIS http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/bhim betka.html •Executed on quartzite walls of the rock shelters •Used minerals for pigments. •From approx. 9000 years ago •Seven different periods Period 1 : UPPER PALAEOLITHIC y Very Linear y Used earthy colors of red and green y Subjects of Animals and Stick like humans Period II: MESOLITHIC • Smaller in size •Linear detail •Shows scenes of 1. Hunting 2. Drinking 3. Weddings 4. Specific use of weapons 5. Family Period III: Chalcolithic •Shows influence of Malwa agricultural communities •Depicted agricultural activities like trade •Similar design to Chalcolithic Pottery www.rediff.com/travel/1998/nov/30bhim1.htm Period IV&V: EARLY HISTORIC y Figures are decorative y Red,white,and yellow Were the main colors used y Depictions of religious Symbols y Figures of Yakshas, tree gods and magical sky chariots. www.bradshawfoundation.com Period VI&VII: MEDIEVAL y Geometric and linear y Introduce Bramanichal Gods like Ganesh and Natraja y Degeneration in artistic style This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of no more than the life of the author plus 100 years. Warli Paintings y Indian Folk Painting y From a small tribe living in Maharashtra, India. y Executed in white on austere mud walls onehotstove.blogspot.com/2006_05_01_archive.html image: Chat Week Warli Painting by Ramesh, click to enlarge www.hat.mmu.ac.uk/.../profile.php?artist=80 Warli Con… y Expresses folk life, customs and beliefs y Stories of Gods and morals y Seemingly simplistic but very y specific designs. http://www.craftsinindia.com/newcr http://www.craftsinindia.com/products/india aftsimages/merry-making- n-art-painting-warli-sheer-joy.html villagers.jpg CONTINUED y WHITE MADE FROM GRINDING RICE UP y FEW STRAIGHT LINES y LINES MADE OF DOTS AND DASHES SHEER JOY http://www.craftsinindia.com/products/india n-art-painting-warli-sheer-joy.html Warli Con… y Expresses folk life, customs and beliefs y Stories of Gods and morals y Seemingly simplistic but very y specific designs. All Right Reserved.Copyright © 2008 to Crafts in India All Right Reserved.Copyright © 2008 to Crafts in India Our Visit to Warli y 81 year old man ‐ oldest male Warli painter y Paintings on Walls and on Paper Continued y Meticulous work y Bamboo paintbrush y White made from rice paste y Many circular designs Jivya Soma Mashe http://www.ethnicpaintings.com/products/h andmade-art-folk-painting-warli-a-day-in- rural-india.html A DAY IN RURAL INDIA MERRY MAKING http://www.ethnicpaintings.com/products/h andmade-folk-art-painting-warli-village- VILLAGERS scene.html http://www.craftsinindia.com/ newcraftsimages/merry- VILLAGE SCENE making-villagers.jpg Tanjore Art y Each work is a complete narrative in itself y They are known as “Religious paintings with a royal heritage” http://www.artoflegendindia.com/browse/P AD/ RADHA KRISHNA GANESH GANESH http://www.freewebs.com/tanjorepaintings/ http://www.cicsworld.org/blogs/psekhar/200 6/12/tanjore_art_its_tradition_and.html KRISHNA •LORD KRISHNA IS DOMINANT IN MUCH OF TANJORE ART LORD GANESH AND MOTHER PARVATI http://www.artoflegendindia.com/browse/P AD/ http://www.hotdishes.com/tanjorepaintings. htm Continued yBRILLIANT COLOR SCHEMES yDECORATIVE JEWELRY WITH STONES yCUT GLASS yREMARKABLE GOLD LEAF WORK y GOLD FOIL IS STILL USED y THE GOLD LASTS FOREVER KRISHNA y NOW, ONLY SEMI‐PRECIOUS STONES ARE USED y MYTHOLOGICAL THEMES http://www.artpalace.in/religious.asp MADHUBANI PAINTINGS yTRIBAL MOTIFS yEARTHY COLORS yUSED MINERAL PIGMENTS yDONE ON MUD WALL CONTINUED y FIGURES FROM NATURE AND MYTHOLOGY y ALSO CALLED MITHILA ART y DONE MOSTLY BY WOMEN y HAS TRANSFERRED TO PAPER RADHA KRISHNA http://www.dollsofindia.com/read/madhuba ni_paintings.htm KRISHNA WITH GOPIS INDRA ON http://i- eclectica.org/2007/09/16/madhubani- AIRAVATA painting/ http://www.jnanam.net/indra/ PATTACHITRA y PATTA = CANVAS y CHITRA = PAINTING KRISHNA PLAYING FLUTE TO RADHA http://www.indianartcircle.com/web/cgi_bin/ PATTACHITRA (SOCIAL) generic_display_gal.cgi?galStyle=seagrey http://india.gov.in/hindi/knowindia/pattachitr &style=1003 a.php CONTINUED y CREATIVE DESIGNS y RICH AND COLORFUL y SIMPLE THEMES y MYTHOLOGICAL THEMES http://india.gov.in/hindi/knowindia/pattachitr a.php CONTINUED y TAMARIND PASTE y CREATION OF THE PASTE FROM y MATERIALS USED ORISSA http://www.orissaoverseas.com/ KALAMEZHUTHU y FOUND IN KERALA y RITUALISTIC ART y IN TEMPLES AND SACRED GROVES y DRAWN ON FLOOR y REPRESENTATION OF DEITIES CONTINUED y NATURAL PIGMENTS AND POWDERS y USES FIVE COLORS y USE BAREHANDS: NO TOOLS y FROM CENTER OUTWARD http://virtual-museum- india.blogspot.com/2007/01/virtual- museum-india.html RITUAL ART CONTINUED y STRICT RULES y PATTERNS y MINUTE DETAILS y DIMENSIONS BHADRAKALI KALAM WITH 32 ARMS http://www.cyberkerala.com/kalamezhuthu/ y COLOR CHOICE kalamezhuthu3.htm http://www.cyberkerala.com/kalamezhuthu/ kalamezhuthu4.htm CONTINUED http://www.cyberkerala.com/kalamezhuthu/ y FIGURES EMOTE kalamezhuthu5.htm y COLOR ORIGINS BHADRAKALI KALAM BHADRAKALI KALAM WITH WITH 16 ARMS 8 ARMS PAHARI PAINTINGS •Flourished at the end of Mughal rule •Themes of literature and mythology •Showed figures in skillfull movement •Distinct clothing and style. Showed figures with different pigments :blue, white, pink or grey http://www.culturopedia.com/Painting/pahari.html The Periods of Development Indian art was always a product of its religious and cultural influences. We see this through the course of History in India in relation to the art. Every period affected the next, in a continuous building. •Hindu and Buddhism of the ancient period ( 3500 BCE – present ) •Islamic ascendancy (712-1757 ce) • The Colonial period (1757-1947) •Independence and the post colonial period (Post-1947) •Modernism •Postmodernism Inter relation of Indian Art • The visual arts (sculpture, painting and architecture) are tightly interrelated with the non‐ visual arts. • Kapila Vatsyayan is a leading scholar of classical Indian Dance and Indian art and architecture. : ) "Classical Indian architecture, sculpture, painting, literature (kaavya), music and dancing evolved their own rules conditioned by their respective media, but they shared with one another not only the underlying spiritual beliefs of the Indian religio‐ philosophic mind, but also the procedures by which the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual states were worked out in detail.” y Each movement challenged the ideas of the last and created a sense of evolving. y The modern period had all the influences of the movement before it so many of the concepts were challenged, while some artists embraced the past. y British colonial rule had a great impact on Indian art. The Developement of Modern y Britain believed India held no traditional value of painting. y They took it on themselves to “educate” Indian Art. y Artists began multiplying the media of their work y Sculpture and painting remained important, but other forms of expression and art took place. MODERN PAINTING • Mid 20th century artists found opportunities in new democracy to branch out. •Many pieces had national themes, others formal •Artists fought for political independence but also liberation from “traditional mind trappings”. •Followed themes of social Lot and His Daughters, 1963 consciousness Francis Newton Souza (Indian, 1924–2002) Oil on canvas; 56 x 42 in. (142.2 x 106.7 cm) Copyright © 2000–2008 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. All rights reserved. MODERN PAINTERS Raja Ravi Verma of Herala y Argued to be the first great modern painter in India. y Evolved national style by combining various regional elements: costumes, jewelry, and facial features. www.barodalinks.com Raja ravi Verma continued y Paintings mainly depicted mythical themes y Very popular not only in India but abroad y Won a gold medal for Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair http://www.raja-ravi-varma.keralaz.info/ http://www.raja-ravi-varma.keralaz.info/ Abanindranath Tagore y Founded the Bengal School of Painting with Havell y Encouraged Indian themes and traditions of Ajanta and ©Copyright Banglapedia 2006. Rajasthan. All Rights Reserved. y Believed that western art was materialistic Copyright © Chitralekha www.indianartcircle.com Continued •Wanted to experiment with new modes of expression. •Wanted to build confidence in young artists so they sought new forms of www.chitralekha.org expression Amrita Shergil y Regarded as one of India’s first modernist painters and one of the most prominent painters in India. y Paintings indicate definate facial www.artknowledgenews.com type and physiogamy, women taking a narcissistic turn. y Copyright 2005-06, Government Hybrid of oriental Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, and western India backgrounds. Shergil CONTINUED www.artknowledgenews.com WWW.21centuryindianart.com www.womanmade.org/summer03.html Nandalal Bose Copyright © 2008, ExoticIndiaArt y Considered one of the best modern painters in India. y Influenced by the Tagore family and the mural paintings of the Ajanta y Themes of Indian mythology, villages, and Copyright 2005-06, Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India women. JAMINI ROY • Displayed Post‐ impressionist style of landscapes and portraits •Denied modern “traces” yet brought a new era to modern art •Went against teaching of Bengal school and the west. •Wanted to capture the simplistic essence of folk Copyright 2005-06, Government Museum and Art people. Gallery, Chandigarh, India Jamini Roy CONTINUED www.vadehraart.com www.vadehraart.com Thank You .
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