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Australian Hermit Crabs of the Genera Paguristes Dana, Stratiotes Thomson, and Pseudopaguristes Mclaughlin (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae)

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Australian Hermit Crabs of the Genera Paguristes Dana, Stratiotes Thomson, and Pseudopaguristes Mclaughlin (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.73.2007.185-271 l<ccords of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 73: 185~271 Australian hermit crabs of the genera Paguristes Dana, Stratiotes Thomson, and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae) Patsy A. McLaughlin Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, 1900 Shannon ['oint Road, Anacortes WA 98221-9081B, USA. email: hermiHwfidalgo.net Abstract - An examination of the specimens thought to represent the hermit crab genus Paguristes scnsu lato in all of the major Australian Museums has provided material for the first comprehensive review of this taxon in Australian waters. In keeping with the current subdivision of Paguristcs, the recently resurrected Stratiotes Thomson is represented by the former Paguristcs tuberculatus Whitelegge. The two recently described species, Paguristes monoporus Morgan and Paguristes laurentae Morgan and Forest have been reassigned to Pseudopaguristes, the latter as the senior synonym of Paguristes brachytes Komai and Pseudopaguristes gracjfjs Rahayu. The regional fauna of Paguristes sensu stricto now includes 20 species, of which four are new to science. Paguristes crinitimanus sp. nov. and P. triton sp. nov. are described from the Northern Territory, P. geminatus sp. nov. from Queensland, and P. clampierensis sp. nov. from the Dampier Archipelago of Western Australia. Five species, P. aJcocki McLaughlin and Rahayu, P. palythophi/us Ortmann, P. simplex Rahayu and McLaughlin, P. miyakei Forest and McLaughlin, and P. puniceus Henderson, are new additions to the Australian fauna. Range extensions also have been recorded for six species, including two previously known only from the type localities. Full descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new taxa, while more abbreviated descriptions and figures accompany the remainder. Keys to the genera, and keys to the Australian species of Pseuclopaguristes and Paguristes s.s. also are provided. INTRODUCTION are typically characterized by the presence of paired The Woodside Dampier Expeditions of 1998 and and modified first and second pleopods in males, 1999, conducted by the staff of the Western paired and modified first pleopods in females, and Australian Museum in the Dampier Archipelago, 13 pairs of gills. The paired first and second male Western Australia, resulted in the accumulation of pleopods have been considered so characteristic of a very diverse collection of Crustacea. During a the genus, that rarely have investigators even study of the hermit crabs from those expeditions, counted the gills. When McLaughlin (2002a) several problems regarding species assigned to discovered a species that, while possessing male Paguristes Dana, 1851, came to the author's and female paired pleomeral appendages typical of attention, prompting a review of all the Australian Pagllristes, differed in several other attributes, she species attributed to the genus. No comprehensive did count the gills. McLaughlin's aberrant species overview of regional species assigned to Pagllristes had only eight functional pairs of gills. The had ever been published, although Morgan (1987d) arthrobranchs of the third maxillipeds and provided a key to the species known at the time. In chelipeds were rudimentary or vestigial, and the that publication, Morgan commented that pleurobranch on either wall of the fifth thoracic Pagllristes barbatus (l-Ieller, 1862) and Paguristes somite (above the second pereopod) was missing setosllS (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) might be entirely. Although pleurobranch loss is well expected to occur in Australia. IIowever, Forest and documented in several genera of the Paguridae, and McLaughlin (2000) demonstrated convincingly that arthrobranch loss on the maxillipeds of three other H. Milne Edwards' (1848) citation of New Guinea genera, only in Propagllrus McLaughlin and de as the type locality of P. setosus was an unfortunate Saint Laurent, 1998, has a similar loss of both lapsus calami. 'The former authors restricted the arthrobranchs and pleurobranchs been reported. distributions of both P. barbatlls and P. setosus to For her new and deviate diogenid species, New Zealand. McLaughlin (2002a) proposed the new genus As noted by Komai (2001), species of Paguristes Pselldopaguristes and recommended that 186 P. A. McLaughlin investigators verify gill numbers of all the measuring the entire carapace from the tip of the presumed Paguristes species they encountered. rostrum or midpoint of the rostral lobe to the Rahayu (2005) did just that and found, in the midpoint of the posterior margin of the carapace, species represented in the collections of the and the maximum length of either f1agellum Museum national d'Histoire naturelie, Paris, that excluding the peduncle. The ratio of corneal while most had the expected 13 pairs of gills, others diameter to length of the ocular peduncle has been had just 12 pairs and some had only eight. As a obtained by measuring the length of the left ultimate result, Rahayu proposed a second genus for those peduncular segment, including the cornea, along the species in which gill loss was restricted just to the lateral surface; corneal diameter is the maximum pleurobranch on each side of the fifth thoracic dorsally measured width of the left cornea. somite. Among the species checked by Rahayu and Measurements of dactylar and propodal lengths of found with this latter reduced gill number was the second and third pereopods have been taken Paguristes setosus, the senior subjective synonym along the dorsolateral surface of each segment, of Stratiotes setosus Thomson, 1899. As pointed out exclusive of the claw. Segmental width represents by Rahayu (2005), although Thomson's (1899) the maximum width of the lateral surface. In taxa diagnosis of Stratiotes Thomson, 1899, made no where there is appreciable counterclockwise rotation mention of gill number, the name of his monotypic of the articulations of the chelas and/or carpi that has genus, based on S. setosus, was available for the placed the morphological dorsal surfaces in lateral genus she was proposing to accommodate those positions, the dorsomesial margin is referred to as species that were found to have only 12 pairs of the upper margin and the dorsal surface as the outer gills. face; the lower margin is equivalent to the In his catalogue of Australian decapods, Davie dorsolateral margin. (2002) listed 14 species of Paguristes sensu lato (5.1)., The terminology used by McLaughlin (2002a) and the majority of which were known from limited herein differs from that of Morgan (1987a, c, d) and areas around the country and thought to be Morgan and Forest (1991a) in the ratio involving endemic. While several species of Paguristes sensu the lengths of the dactyls of the chelipeds. The latter stricto (5.5.) are still known only from restricted authors compared dactylar length to the overall areas, the review of specimens from all of the major length of the propodus (palm plus fixed finger). In Australian Museums has appreciably expanded the the present descriptions and diagnoses, dactylar ranges of some species and added others to the length is compared to the length of the palm alone, faunal inventory. Several species, heretofore known measured on the dorsomesial (upper) margin of only from the Indian Ocean, Japanese, Philippine each segment. and/or Indonesian waters, have been identified Similarly, the terminology used in the from Australia for the first time. Additionally, four descriptions of the male first pleopods is that of new species of Paguristes 5.5. have been recognized. McLaughlin and Provenzano (1974) rather than that Stratiotes tuberculatus (Whitelegge, 1900) is still the of Komai (2001) for the following reason. The male only regional representative of that genus and its first pleopods in Paguristes species each consist of Australian distribution is limited to Queensland, two segments, the basal segment being rather short New South Wales and Western Australia; however, and subtriangular, while the distal segment is it also has been found in Indonesia (Rahayu, 2005), foliaceous and rolled in such a manner as to form a thus negating its endemicity. Pseudopaguristes is deep groove open toward the sagittal plane (Forest, represented in by P. monoporus (Morgan, 1987c) 1954). As pointed out by Forest, when the pleopods and P. laurentae (Morgan and Forest, 1991a), but it are viewed in situ on the ventral surface of the is now recognized that neither species is restricted animal (Figure la), the distal segment of each in its distribution to Australian waters. appears to consist of two plates, the inferior lamella, visible in its entirety in the uppermost plane, and the superior lamella, in contact with the thorax and MATERIALS AND METHODS for the most part hidden from view by the inferior The terminology for the diagnoses and lamella. The superior lamella is cut into two lobes, descriptions generally follows that of McLaughlin the external and internal lobes (Figure 1b, c). (2002a), but Lemaitre (2004) for gill structure and Although the free margin of the inferior lamella Schram and Koenemann (2004) for pleonal somites may appear mesial in position because of the rolled and appendages. The shield length (indicated in attitude of this segment (Figure la), it is still the millimeters in parentheses following the number of lateral or outer margin (Figure lc) of the segment. specimens of each sex) is measured from the tip of Komai (2001, fig. 1) illustrated the male first the rostrum or
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