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authority. Along with reservations, Nonvisible feature—A map feature defined for the 2010 Census also will be designations such as colonies, that is not visible on the ground, such used to tabulate American Community communities, pueblos, rancherias, and as a city or boundary through Survey, Community Survey, reserves apply to American Indian space, a property line running through and Economic Census data after 2010, reservations. space, a short line-of-sight extension of and potentially data from other Bureau Block Group—A statistical a road, or a point-to-point line of sight. of the Census (Census Bureau) censuses subdivision of a consisting Visible feature—A map feature that and surveys. can be seen on the ground, such as a of all census blocks whose numbers The Census Bureau is publishing this road, railroad track, major above-ground begin with the same digit in a census notice in the Federal Register to request transmission line or pipeline, stream, tract. comments from the public and other shoreline, fence, sharply defined —A geographic area government agencies. The Census mountain ridge, or cliff. A nonstandard bounded by visible and/or invisible Bureau will respond to the comments visible feature is a feature that may not features in the Census Bureau’s received as part of the publication of be clearly defined on the ground (such Topographically Integrated Geographic final criteria in the Federal Register. as a ridge), may be seasonal (such as an Encoding and Referencing system, and After the final criteria are published in intermittent stream), or may be shown on maps prepared by the Census the Federal Register, the Census Bureau relatively impermanent (such as a Bureau. A block is the smallest will offer designated governments or geographic entity for which the Census fence). The Census Bureau generally requests verification that nonstandard organizations an opportunity to review Bureau tabulates decennial census data. and, if necessary, suggest updates to the Census designated place—A statistical features pose no problem in their location during fieldwork. boundaries and attributes of the CDPs in geographic entity with a concentration their geographic area under the of population, housing, and commercial Executive Order 12866 Participant Statistical Areas Program structures that is identifiable by name, (PSAP). In addition to CDPs, the but is not within an incorporated place. This notice has been determined to be not significant under Executive Order program also encompasses the review Census tract—A small, relatively and update of census tracts, block permanent statistical geographic 12866. groups, and census county divisions. division of a county defined for the Paperwork Reduction Act tabulation and publication of Census DATES: Written comments must be This program notice does not Bureau data. The primary goal of the submitted on or before July 5, 2007. represent a collection of information census tract program is to provide a set subject to the requirements of the ADDRESSES: Please direct all written of nationally consistent small, statistical Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. comments on this proposed program to geographic units, with stable Chapter 35. the Director, U.S. Census Bureau, Room boundaries, that facilitate analysis of 8H001, mail stop 0100, Washington, DC data across time. Dated: April 3, 2007. 20233–0001. Conjoint—A description of a Charles Louis Kincannon, boundary shared by two adjacent Director, Bureau of the Census. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: geographic areas. [FR Doc. E7–6464 Filed 4–5–07; 8:45 am] Requests for additional information on Contiguous—A description of BILLING CODE 3510–07–P this proposed program should be geographic areas that are adjacent to one directed to Michael Ratcliffe, Chief, another, sharing either a common Geographic Standards and Criteria boundary or point. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Branch, Geography Division, U.S. Federally managed land—Territory Census Bureau, via e-mail at that is federally owned and Bureau of the Census [email protected] or telephone at administered by an agency of the U.S. [Docket Number 070104002–7003–01] 301–763–3056. federal government, such as the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: National Park Service, Bureau of Land Census Designated Place (CDP) Management, or Department of Defense. Program for the 2010 Census— I. History Incorporated place—A type of Proposed Criteria governmental unit, incorporated under The CDP concept and delineation AGENCY: Bureau of the Census, state law as a city, (except in New criteria have evolved over the past five Commerce. England, , and ), decades in response to data user needs borough (except in Alaska and New ACTION: Notice of proposed program and for place-level data. This evolution has York), or village, generally to provide request for comments. taken into account differences in the way in which places were perceived, specific governmental services for a SUMMARY: Census designated places and the propensity for places to concentration of people within legally (CDPs) 1 are statistical geographic incorporate in various states. The result, prescribed boundaries. entities representing closely settled, over time, has been an increase in the Minor civil division—The primary unincorporated communities that are number and types of unincorporated governmental or locally recognized and identified by communities identified as CDPs, as well of a county in 28 states, Puerto Rico, name. They are the statistical as increasing consistency in the and the Island Areas having legal equivalents of incorporated places, with relationship between the CDP concept boundaries, names, and descriptions. the primary differences being the lack of and the kinds of places encompassed by MCDs represent many different types of both a legally defined boundary and an the incorporated place category, or a legal entities with a wide variety of active, functioning governmental compromise between localized characteristics, powers, and functions structure, chartered by the state and perceptions of place and a concept that depending on the state and type of administered by elected officials. CDPs MCD. In some states, some or all of the would be familiar to data users incorporated places also constitute 1 The term CDP includes communidades and throughout the United States, Puerto MCDs. zonas urbanas in Puerto Rico. Rico, and the Island Areas.

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Although not as numerous as relationships before the final tabulation , New York, , incorporated places or municipalities,2 geography is set for the 2010 Census. and Wisconsin, nor may it encompass CDPs have been important geographic The Census Bureau proposes the the entirety of one town or entities since their introduction for the following criteria and characteristics for and contain portions of adjacent 1950 census. (CDPs were referred to as use in identifying the areas that will or . ‘‘unincorporated places’’ from 1950 qualify for designation as CDPs for use This criterion is proposed for the first through the 1970 decennial censuses.) in tabulating data from the 2010 Census, time for the 2010 Census in order to For the 1950 Census, CDPs were defined the American Community Survey, the eliminate redundancy in tabular only outside urbanized areas and were Puerto Rico Community Survey, the presentations of data published by the required to have at least 1,000 residents. Economic Census, and potentially other Census Bureau for towns/townships and For the 1960 Census, CDPs could also be Census Bureau censuses and surveys. places. For instance, because geographic identified inside urbanized areas 1. A CDP constitutes a single, closely comparison tables and inventory tables outside of , but these were settled center of population that is providing data for places also contain required to have at least 10,000 named; to the extent possible, data for MCDs within these twelve residents. The Census Bureau modified individual unincorporated communities states, redundancy occurs wherever a the population threshold within should be identified as separate CDPs. CDP is coextensive with an MCD. For urbanized areas to 5,000 in 1970, Similarly, a single community should be example, in place-level tables for allowed for CDPs in urbanized areas in defined as a single CDP as opposed to , data are published for New England in 1980, and lowered the multiple CDPs with each part both Framingham town and urbanized area threshold again to 2,500 referencing the community name and a Framingham CDP, the latter covering in 1990. In time, other population directional term (i.e., north, south, east, the same population and territory as the thresholds were adopted for or west). Since a CDP is defined to former. In adopting this criterion, the identification of CDPs in Alaska, as well provide data for a single, named Census Bureau will explore ways to as in Puerto Rico, the Island Areas, and locality, the Census Bureau generally enhance the presentation and visibility on American Indian reservations. The will not accept combinations of places of data for MCDs in these twelve states, Census Bureau eliminated all and hyphenated place names defined as to make it clearer that many of the population threshold requirements for a CDP. For example, CDPs such as MCDs in these states are seen as similar Census 2000, achieving consistency Poplar-Cotton Center and Downieville- to places in other parts of the United between CDPs and incorporated places, Lawson-Dumont are no longer States. for which the Census Bureau acceptable. Combinations of places 5. A CDP may be located in more than historically has published data without often were defined as a single CDP in one county but must not cross state regard to population size. order to comply with the Census boundaries. It is important to note, According to Census 2000, more than Bureau’s minimum population however, that since county boundaries 35 million people in the United States 3, requirements. The Census Bureau’s provide important demarcations for Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas 4 lived elimination of population threshold communities, CDPs that cross county in CDPs. The relative importance of criteria has made such combinations lines should be kept to a minimum and CDPs varies from state to state unnecessary. Others were combined identified only when the community depending on laws governing municipal because visible features were not clearly sees itself existing on both sides incorporation and annexation, but also available for use as boundaries for of a county boundary. depending on local preferences and separate CDPs. The Census Bureau is 6. There are no minimum population attitudes regarding the identification of proposing use of some nonvisible or housing unit thresholds for defining places. boundaries so that participants can CDPs; however a CDP must contain separate individual communities and some population or housing units or II. Census Designated Place Criteria dispense with multi-place CDPs. both. The Census Bureau eliminated and Characteristics for the 2010 Census 2. A CDP generally consists of a minimum population thresholds for The criteria proposed herein apply to contiguous cluster of census blocks CDPs for Census 2000, enabling the the United States, including American comprising a single piece of territory identification and tabulation of data for Indian reservations and off-reservation and containing a mix of residential and small, unincorporated communities, trust lands, Puerto Rico, and the Island commercial uses similar to that of an particularly in rural areas, as CDPs. Six Areas. In accordance with the final incorporated place of similar size. Some CDPs identified for Census 2000, criteria, the Census Bureau may modify CDPs, however, may be predominantly however, lacked any population and and, if necessary, reject any proposals residential; such places should housing; three CDPs had some for CDPs that do not meet the represent recognizably distinct, locally population, but no housing units; and established criteria. In addition, the known communities, but not typical an additional 23 CDPs contained less Census Bureau reserves the right to suburban subdivisions. Examples of than ten housing units. The Census modify the boundaries and attributes of such predominantly residential Bureau recognizes that some CDPs as needed to maintain geographic communities that can be recognized as communities, such as resort or other CDPs are colonias found along the U.S.- kinds of seasonal communities, may 2 Known by various terms throughout the United Mexico border, small rural lack population at certain times of the States: cities, towns (except in the six New England communities, and unincorporated resort year. Nevertheless, there should be States, New York, and Wisconsin), villages, and and retirement communities. some evidence, generally in the form of boroughs (except in New York and Alaska). 3. A CDP may not be located, either houses, barracks, dormitories, 3 For Census Bureau purposes, the United States includes the fifty states and the District of partially or entirely, within an commercial buildings and/or other Columbia. incorporated place or another CDP. structures, providing the basis for local 4 For Census Bureau purposes, the Island Areas 4. A CDP may not be coextensive with perception of the place’s existence. For includes the U.S. Virgin Islands, , the boundaries of one or more the 2010 Census, the Census Bureau the Commonwealth of the , and . There are no CDPs in American governmentally functioning Minor Civil will not accept a CDP delineated with Samoa because villages cover its entire territory and Divisions (MCDs) in the six New zero population and zero housing units. population. England states, , , The Census Bureau will review the

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number of housing units within the in regular daily use by the local rooms or a single room occupied as a place, as reported in the previous residents and business establishments. separate living quarter or, if vacant, decennial census, and consider whether 9. A CDP may not have the same intended for occupancy as a separate additional information is needed before name as an adjacent or nearby living quarter. Separate living quarters recognizing the CDP. Participants incorporated place. The assumption are those in which the occupants live submitting boundaries for places with behind this criterion is that if the and eat separately from any other less than 10 housing units may be asked community does not have a name that residents of the building and which to provide additional information distinguishes it from other nearby have direct access from outside the attesting to the existence of the CDP. communities, it probably is not a building or through a common hall. 7. CDP boundaries should follow distinct place. Use of directional terms Incorporated place—A type of visible features, except in those (‘‘north,’’ ‘‘south,’’ ‘‘east,’’ ‘‘west,’’ and governmental unit, incorporated under circumstances when a CDP’s boundary so forth) to merely differentiate the state law as a city, town (except in New is coincident with the nonvisible name of a CDP from a nearby England, New York, and Wisconsin), boundary of a state, county, MCD (in the where this name is not in borough (except in Alaska and New six New England states, Michigan, local use is not acceptable. For example, York), or village, generally to provide Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, ‘‘North Laurel’’ would be permitted as a governmental services for a Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin), or name if this name were in local use. A concentration of people within legally incorporated place. In selected name such as ‘‘Laurel North’’ would not prescribed boundaries. circumstances, CDP boundaries can be permitted if it were not in local use. Island areas—An entity, other than a follow other nonvisible features. Again, this has much to do with the way state or the District of Columbia, under Reliance upon visible features in which people typically refer to the the jurisdiction of the United States. For the 2010 Census, these will include sometimes has resulted in overbounding places in which they live. It is American Samoa, Guam, the of the CDP in order to include housing permissible to change the name of a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana units on both sides of a road or street 2000 CDP for the 2010 Census if the Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and feature. While this has helped ensure new name provides a better several small islands in the Caribbean accurate allocation of housing units to identification of the community. Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The Census the place, it also has meant that III. Definitions of Key Terms Bureau treats each Island Territory as territory, population, and housing not Alaska Native regional corporation the statistical equivalent of a state. associated with the place have been Minor civil division—The primary included in the CDP. For the 2010 (ANRC)—A corporate geographic area established under the Alaska Native governmental or administrative division Census, advances and enhancements in of a county in 28 states, Puerto Rico, the positional accuracy of housing units Claims Settlement Act (Pub. L. 92–203), to conduct both the business and and the Island Areas having legal within the Census Bureau’s geographic boundaries, names, and descriptions. databases make it possible to consider nonprofit affairs of Alaska Natives. Twelve ANRCs cover the State of Alaska MCDs represent many different types of the potential use of nonvisible legal entities with a wide variety of boundaries when defining CDPs. Such except for the Annette Island Reserve. American (AIR)—A characteristics, powers, and functions boundaries might include parcel federally recognized American Indian depending on the state and type of boundaries and public land survey land area with boundaries established MCD. In some states, some or all of the system (PLSS) lines; fencelines; by final treaty, statute, executive order, incorporated places also constitute national, state, or local park boundaries; and/or court order, and over which a MCDs. ridgelines; or drainage ditches. federally recognized American Indian Municipio—A type of governmental 8. The CDP name should be one that tribal government has governmental unit that is the primary legal is recognized and used in daily authority. Along with reservations, subdivision of Puerto Rico. The Census communication by the residents of the designations such as colonies, Bureau treats the municipio as the community. Because unincorporated communities, pueblos, rancherias, and statistical equivalent of a county. communities lack legally-defined reserves apply to AIRs. Nonvisible feature—A map feature boundaries, a commonly used Census block—A geographic area that is not visible, such as a city or community name and the geographic bounded by visible and/or invisible county boundary, a property line extent of its use by local residents is features shown on a map prepared by running through space, a short often the best identifier of the extent of the U.S. Census Bureau. A block is the imaginary extension of a street or road, a place, the assumption being that if smallest geographic entity for which the or a point-to-point line. residents associate with a particular Census Bureau tabulates decennial Statistical geographic entity—A name and use it to identify the place in census data. geographic entity that is specially which they live, then the CDP’s Coextensive—Descriptive of two or defined and delineated, such as block boundaries can be mapped based on the more geographic entities that cover group, CDP, or census tract, so that the use of the name. There should be exactly the same area, with all Census Bureau may tabulate data for it. features in the landscape that use the boundaries shared. Designation as a statistical entity neither name, such that a non-resident would Comunidad—A census designated conveys nor confers legal ownership, have a general sense of the location or place in Puerto Rico that is not related entitlement, or jurisdictional authority. extent of the community; for example, to a municipio’s seat of government; Urbanized area (UA)—An area signs indicating when one is entering called an aldea or a ciudad prior to the consisting of a central place(s) and the community; highway exit signs that 1990 census. adjacent urban fringe that together have use the name; businesses, schools, or Contiguous—Descriptive of a minimum residential population of at other buildings that make use of the geographic areas that are adjacent to one least 50,000 people and generally an name. It should not be a name another, sharing either a common overall population density of at least developed solely for planning or other boundary or point of contact. 1,000 people per square mile. The purposes (including simply to obtain Housing unit—A house, an apartment, Census Bureau uses published criteria data from the Census Bureau) that is not a mobile home or trailer, or a group of to determine the qualification and

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boundaries of UAs at the time of each tabulation of decennial census data and reservations and off-reservation trust decennial census or from the results of selected other statistical programs. lands. a special census during the intercensal Census tracts also will be used to In addition to proposed criteria, this period. tabulate and publish estimates from the notice includes a description of the Visible feature—A map feature that American Community Survey (ACS) 2 changes from the criteria used for can be seen on the ground such as a after 2010. The primary goal of the Census 2000 and a list of definitions of road, railroad track, major above-ground census tract program is to provide a set key terms used in the criteria. transmission line or pipeline, stream, of nationally consistent small, statistical The Census Bureau is publishing this shoreline, fence, sharply defined geographic units, with stable notice in the Federal Register to request mountain ridge, or cliff. A nonstandard boundaries, that facilitate analysis of comments from the public and other visible feature is a feature that may not data across time. government agencies. The Census be clearly defined on the ground (such Bureau will respond to the comments as a ridge), may be seasonal (such as an Most provisions of the census tract received as part of the publication of intermittent stream), or may be criteria for the 2010 Census remain final criteria in the Federal Register. relatively impermanent (such as a unchanged from those used in After the final criteria are published in fence). The Census Bureau generally conjunction with Census 2000. the Federal Register, the Census Bureau requests verification that nonstandard However, based on consultation with will offer designated governments or features pose no problem in their data users and internal review the organizations an opportunity to review location during field work. Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau) is and, if necessary, suggest updates to the Zona urbana—In Puerto Rico, the proposing the following changes for the boundaries and attributes (e.g., tract settled area functioning as the seat of 2010 Census: (1) Lowering the code) of the census tracts in their government for a municipio. A zona minimum population threshold for geographic area under the Participant urbana cannot cross a municipio census tracts; (2) using housing unit Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). In boundary. counts (as an alternative to population addition to census tracts, the program counts) in the review and update of also encompasses the review and update Executive Order 12866 tracts; (3) applying the same population of block groups, census designated This notice has been determined to be and housing unit thresholds to all types places, and census county divisions. not significant under Executive Order of populated tracts within the United DATES: Written comments must be 12866. States,3 including census tracts submitted on or before July 5, 2007. Paperwork Reduction Act delineated on American Indian ADDRESSES: Please direct all written reservations and off-reservation trust comments on this proposed program to This program notice does not lands,4 Puerto Rico, the Island Areas,5 the Director, U.S. Census Bureau, Room represent a collection of information and encompassing group quarters, 8H001, mail stop 0100, Washington, DC subject to the requirements of the military installations, and institutions; 20233–0001. Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. (4) allowing the delineation of census FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Chapter 35. tracts for large water bodies with areas Requests for additional information on Dated: April 3, 2007. of approximately 100 square miles or this proposed program should be Charles Louis Kincannon, more and special land use (e.g., large directed to Michael Ratcliffe, Chief, Director, Bureau of the Census. airports or public parks) with an official Geographic Standards and Criteria [FR Doc. E7–6465 Filed 4–5–07; 8:45 am] name; and (5) allowing for geographic Branch, Geography Division, U.S. BILLING CODE 3510–07–P frameworks of tribal tracts (separate Census Bureau, via e-mail at from the standard census tracts defined [email protected] or telephone at within counties) to be defined within 301–763–3056. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE federally-recognized American Indian SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. History of Census Tracts Bureau of the Census 2 The ACS is conducted in the United States and [Docket Number 070321065–7066–01] in Puerto Rico. In Puerto Rico the survey is called In 1905, Dr. Walter Laidlaw originated the Puerto Rico Community Survey (PRCS). For the concept of permanent, small ease of discussion, throughout this document the Census Tract Program for the 2010 term ACS is used to represent the surveys geographic areas as a framework for Census—Proposed Criteria conducted in the United States and in Puerto Rico. studying change from one decennial 3 For Census Bureau purposes, the to another in neighborhoods AGENCY: Bureau of the Census, includes the fifty States and the District of within New York City. For the 1910 Commerce. Columbia. Census, eight cities—New York, 4 The proposed criteria for the tribal statistical ACTION: Notice of proposed program areas program will be outlined in a separate Federal Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, revisions and request for comments. Register notice. In the tribal statistical areas Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. program, federally recognized American Indian Louis—delineated census tracts (then SUMMARY: Census tracts are relatively tribes that have a reservation and/or off-reservation termed ‘‘districts’’) for the first time. No trust land may delineate census designated places permanent small-area geographic additional jurisdictions delineated divisions of a county or statistically (CDPs), and, if these areas have a population of 2,400 or greater, may delineate tribal tracts and census tracts until just prior to the 1930 1 equivalent entity defined for the tribal block groups for their reservation and off- Census, when an additional ten cities reservation trust land. chose to do so. The increased interest in 1 Includes parishes in Louisiana; boroughs, city 5 For Census Bureau purposes, the Island Areas and boroughs, census areas, and municipalities in includes American Samoa, the Commonwealth of census tracts for the 1930 Census is Alaska; independent cities in Maryland, , the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the U.S. attributed to the promotional efforts of Nevada, and Virginia; districts in American Samoa Virgin Islands, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. Howard Whipple Green, who was a and the U.S. Virgin Islands; municipalities in the The U.S. Minor Outlying Islands is an aggregation statistician in Cleveland, , and later Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; of nine U.S. territories: Baker Island, Howland municipios in Puerto Rico; the areas constituting Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, the chairman of the American Statistical the District of Columbia and Guam. This notice will Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Association’s Committee on Census refer to all these entities collectively as ‘‘counties.’’ Wake Island. Enumeration Areas. For more than

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