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Mechanisms of Controlling Colour and Aesthetic MECHANISMS OF CONTROLLING COLOUR AND AESTHETIC APPEARANCE OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SALT PRINT A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science (Photography) Eleanor (Ellie) D. Young School of Applied Sciences Science, Engineering and Technology Portfolio RMIT University February 2008 DECLARATION This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis. This thesis contains no work that was performed prior to the official commencement date of this research project. Eleanor (Ellie) D. Young ii CONTENTS D ECLARATION ..................................................................................... II LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................. IV LIST OF C HARTS.................................................................................. VI LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................. VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................... VIII ABSTRACT ......................................................................................... 1 I NTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................... 6 RESEARCH D ESIGN ............................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 1 THE FORMULAS ................................................................ 15 CHAPTER 2 THE PAPER ....................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 3 COATING TH E PAPER ......................................................... 38 CHAPTER 4 THE NEGATIVE .................................................................. 45 CHAPTER 5 EXPOSING THE PRINT ........................................................ 60 CHAPTER 6 PROCESSING THE PRINT ..................................................... 71 CHAPTER 7 DISCUSSION ..................................................................... 84 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION .................................................................... 89 AP P E ND IX 1 SALT FORMULAS ................................................................. 91 AP P E ND IX 2 TONE R FORMULAS ............................................................... 95 AP P E ND IX 3 D EVELOPER AND FIXER FORMULAS ............................................ 98 G LOSSARY ..................................................................................... 101 REFERENCES ................................................................................... 106 AT T ACHME NT 1 CD: M ISCELLANEA PHOTOGENICA ....................................... 108 AT T ACHME NT 2 THE SALT PR INT MANUAL ................................................ 109 iii L I ST O F FIGURES Figure 1- 1 Sodium Chloride + silver nitrate ............................................... 17 Figure 1- 2 Ammonium Chloride + silver nitrate ......................................... 17 Figure 1- 3 Sodium Chloride + silver nitrate + sodium citrate. ..................... 17 Figure 1- 4 Ammonium Chloride + silver nitrate +sodium citrate ................ 17 Figure 1- 5 Sodium Chloride + silver nitrate + Potassium Dichromate ........... 17 Figure 1-6 Ammonium Chloride + silver nitrate + Potassium Dichromate ................................................................................... 17 Figure 1- 7 Silver chloride % differences .................................................... 20 Figure 1- 8 0.2% Gelatin Binder ................................................................ 23 Figure 1- 9 2% Gelatin Binder ................................................................... 23 Figure 1- 10 Arrowroot ............................................................................ 23 Figure 1- 11 Albumen .............................................................................. 23 Figure 1- 12 Binder surfaces ..................................................................... 24 Figure 1- 13 Measles ................................................................................ 26 Figure 1- 14 Silver Nitrate Variances .......................................................... 26 Figure 2- 1 Bergger Paper High Magnifications ............................................ 32 Figure 2- 2 Talbot Paper High Magnifications ............................................ 33 Figure 2- 3 Arches Platine High Magnifications ........................................... 33 Figure 2- 4 Fabriano Artistico High Magnifications ..................................... 33 Figure 2- 5 Buxton Paper High Magnifications ............................................. 33 Figure 2- 6 Bergger Paper ......................................................................... 34 Figure 2- 7 Talbot Paper ........................................................................... 34 Figure 2- 8 Arches Platine ......................................................................... 34 iv Figure 2- 9 Fabriano Artistico ................................................................... 34 Figure 2- 10 Buxton Paper ......................................................................... 34 Figure 3- 1 Glass Rod ................................................................................ 39 Figure 4- 1 A Negative and B Salt Print ....................................................... 49 Figure 4- 2 PMK Tones in Digital Negatives ................................................ 55 Figure 4- 3 Spectral Negatives ................................................................... 57 Figure 5- 1 Cut- off Filter Tests ................................................................. 61 Figure 5- 3 Bronzing Surface Detail ........................................................... 68 Figure 5- 2 Self Masking ........................................................................... 68 Figure 5- 4 Bronzing high Magnification ..................................................... 69 Figure 6- 1 Sodium Chloride – no Toner ................................................... 75 Figure 6- 2 Sodium Chloride –Gold Borax Toner .......................................... 75 Figure 6- 3 Sodium Chloride - Gold Thiocyanate ......................................... 75 Figure 6- 4 Sodium Chloride – Platinum ..................................................... 75 Figure 6- 5 Sodium Chloride- Gold Borax and Platinum ................................ 75 Figure 6- 6 Ammonium Chloride + Gelatin - No Toner ................................. 75 Figure 6- 7 Ammonium Chloride + Gelatin - Gold Borax Toner ..................... 76 Figure 6- 8 Ammonium Chloride + Gelatin - Gold Thiocyanate ................... 76 Figure 6- 9 Ammonium Chloride + Gelatin - Platinum Toner ........................ 76 Figure 6-10 Ammonium Chloride + Gelatin - Gold Borax and Platinum ....................................................................................... 76 Figure 6- 11 Ammonium Ch loride + Gelatin - Gold Acetate .......................... 76 Figure 6- 12 Ammonium Chloride + Gelatin - Palladium Toner ..................... 76 Figure 6- 13 Albumen No Toner ................................................................. 76 Figure 6- 14 Albumen Gold Borax Toned ..................................................... 77 Figure 6- 15 Albumen Platinum Toned ........................................................ 77 Figure 6- 16 Albumen Palladium Toned ...................................................... 77 Figure 6- 17 Albumen Gold Acetate Toner ................................................... 77 v Figure 6- 18 Albumen Gold Thiocyanate Toner ............................................ 77 Figure 6- 19 Albumen Gold Borax and Platinum Toned ................................. 77 Figure 6- 20 Albumen Gold Thiocyanate and Platinum Toned ....................... 77 Figure 6- 21 Heat Toned High Magnification ............................................... 79 Figure 6- 22 Heat Toned............................................................................ 80 Figure 6- 23 Result of Heat Ton ing ............................................................ 80 L I ST O F CHARTS Chart 4-1 Film Density Readings .............................................................. 51 Chart 4-2 Film Print Comparison ............................................................. 52 Chart 4-3 Film Transmission .................................................................... 58 Chart 5-1 Silver Chloride Sensitivity ......................................................... 62 Chart 5-2 Cut-off Filters .......................................................................... 62 Chart 5-3 Film Transmission .................................................................... 64 Chart 5-4 UV Tube Wavelenghts ................................................................ 66 Chart 6-1 Albumen Toning ....................................................................... 78 Chart 6-2 Sodium Chloride Toning ............................................................ 78 Chart 6-3 Ammonium Chloride and Gelatin ................................................ 78 L I ST O F TABLES Table 1-1 Chlorides and Additives ..........................................................
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