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D2.1-Super-Heero THIS DOCUMENT HASN’T BEEN FORMALLY APPROVED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION YET AND, THEREFORE, IT MAY BE SUBJECT TO CHANGES D2.1 - SUPER-HEERO RENOVATION MEASURE CATALOGUE FOR SUPERMARKETS Author: Giorgio Bonvicini (as representative of RINA-C team) Date: 23 December 2020 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 894404 The content of this report reflects only the authors’ view. The European Commission/EASME is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 894404 Project details Project acronym SUPER-HEERO Start / Duration 01-06-2020 / 30 months Topic Innovative financing for Call identifier H2020-LC-SC3-EE-2019 energy efficiency investments Type of Action CSA Coordinator R2M Solutions Website super-heero.eu Deliverable details Number D2.1 Title SUPER-HEERO Renovation Measure Catalogue for Supermarkets Work Package WP2 Dissemination PU Nature Report level Due date (M) M7 Submission date (M) M7 Deliverable RINA-C Contact person Giorgio Bonvicini responsible Deliverable Contributors Name Organisation Role / Title E-mail Author(s) Giorgio Bonvicini RINA-C Senior Energy [email protected] Engineer Contributors Pedro Luis Espejo TANDEM Daniela Cadena CPD Restrepo Thomas Messervey R2M Reviewer(s) Domenico Perfido R2M Thomas Messervey R2M Final review Giulia Carbonari R2M and quality approval Document History Date Version Name Changes 15/07/2020 0.1 Giorgio Bonvicini Draft ToC for comments 20/11/2020 Giorgio Bonvicini First complete version for 1.0 contributions 11/12/2020 Pedro Luis Espejo (CREARA), Daniela Contributions 1.1 Cadena Restrepo (ZER0-E), Thomas Messervey, Giulia Carbonari (R2M) 18/12/2020 1.2 Giorgio Bonvicini Final draft for review 23/12/2020 2.0 Giulia Carbonari Final Review and submission This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 894404 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 6 2. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Purpose of the Document 7 2.2Structure of the Document 8 3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 9 4. OVERVIEW OF SUPERMARKETS’ ENERGY SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 10 4.1 Supermarkets’ Energy Consumptions and Balances 10 4.2Key Areas for Energy Efficiency 13 4.2.1 Overall Energy Management 13 4.2.2 Energy Supply 13 4.2.3 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning 14 4.2.4 Lighting 14 4.2.5 Product Refrigeration 15 4.2.6 Other Areas 15 5. CATALOGUE OF RENOVATION MEASURES ............................................................................................ 16 5.1 Overall Energy Management 16 5.1.1 Energy Audit and Implementation of Energy Management System 16 5.1.2 Monitoring of Electricity Consumption at Main Switchboards 17 5.1.3 Blockchain Enabled Smart Meters 18 5.1.4 Artificial Intelligence for Smart Electric Load Management 19 5.1.5 Microclimate Design and Simulation using Nature-Based Solutions 19 5.1.6 Building and Urban Area Dynamic Energy Simulation 20 5.1.7 Asset Management Software 21 5.1.8 Regular Maintenance of Energy Users 21 5.2 Energy Supply 22 5.2.1 Rooftop Photovoltaic Plant 22 5.2.2 Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Modules 25 5.2.3 Photovoltaic Modules on Parking Lots 26 5.2.4 Micro-Wind Power Production Systems 26 5.2.5 Solar Thermal for Toilets’ Hot Water Production 27 5.2.6 Cogeneration/Trigeneration 28 5.2.7 Reactive Power Compensation Systems 30 5.2.8 Waste-to-Energy Solutions 30 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 894404 3 5.3 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning 31 5.3.1 Improvement of Building Envelope Thermal Insulation 31 5.3.2 High Efficiency Reversible Heat Pumps 32 5.3.3 Condensing Gas-Fired Boilers for Heat Production 34 5.3.4 Biomass Boilers for Heat Production 35 5.3.5 Heat Recovery from Products’ Refrigeration Systems 35 5.3.6 Air Handling Units with Heat Recovery Systems 36 5.3.7 Free Cooling and Evaporative Cooling 37 5.3.8 High Efficiency Motors and VFD Control in Ventilation Systems 38 5.3.9 High-Efficiency Pumping Systems 40 5.3.10 Smart Control of HVAC Systems 40 5.3.11 Improvement of Air-Tightness 41 5.3.12 Air Curtain at Building Entrance 42 5.3.13 Low-Flow Aerators on Toilet Water 42 5.4 Lighting 43 5.4.1 LED Lighting in Indoor/Outdoor Spaces 43 5.4.2 Solar-Powered Lighting Poles in Outdoor Areas 44 5.4.3 Natural Lighting Sensors in Highly Fenestrated Areas 45 5.4.4 Timers on Indoor Lighting Systems 45 5.4.5 Movement Sensors 46 5.4.6 Smart Control of Lighting Systems in Indoor/Outdoor Areas 46 5.5 Products Refrigeration 47 5.5.1 Advanced Design of Refrigerated Cabinets 47 5.5.2 High Efficiency Refrigeration Systems 48 5.5.3 Use of Centralized instead of Standalone Refrigerating Equipment 49 5.5.4 Advanced Maintenance of Products Refrigeration Systems 50 5.6 Other Areas 50 5.6.1 Retrofitting of Lifts 51 5.6.2 Retrofitting of Internal Logistic Equipment 52 5.6.3 Retrofitting of Office Equipment 52 6. SUMMARY AND RANKING OF IDENTIFIED MEASURES .......................................................................... 54 7. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 60 8. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 61 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 894404 4 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated Terms List of Acronyms Acronym Definition Acronym Definition AHU Air Handling Unit GHG Greenhouse Gas AI Artificial Intelligence HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning ASHRAE American Society of Heating, LED Light-Emitting Diode Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ATM Automated Teller Machine LHV Lower Heating Value BIPV Building-Integrated Photovoltaic M Month BMS Building Management System PLC Programmable Logic Controller CHP Combined Heat and Power PV Photovoltaic COP Coefficient of Performance PVC Polyvinyl chloride DHW Domestic Hot Water R&D Research and Development EMS Energy Management Software (or RES Renewable Energy Source System) EPC Energy Performance Contract SME Small-Medium Enterprise ESCO Energy Service Company TRL Technology Readiness Level ESG Environmental Social Governance VFD Variable Frequency Drive EU European Union WP Work package EV Electric Vehicle This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 894404 5 1. Executive Summary The SUPER-HEERO project aims at providing a replicable financial scheme for energy efficiency investment in small and medium supermarkets, based on stakeholder and community engagement. Note that by supermarkets we refer to self-service shops offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household products: they are larger and have a wider selection of products than grocery stores but are smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box market. The present D2.1 of the SUPER-HEERO Project, building upon a high-level analysis of typical supermarkets’ energy systems and equipment, creates a catalogue with the most relevant and easy to replicate energy efficiency measures to be promoted by SUPER-HEERO renovation approach. Based on this catalogue of solutions, guidelines will be provided to promote the implementation of energy efficiency measures in supermarkets according to their size, estimated sales volume, staff amount, kind of products, etc., covering both technical and financial aspects. These guidelines will be included in SUPER-HEERO D2.2, available in Spring 2021. In the present Deliverable, to define the catalogue of the most suitable energy efficiency actions for supermarkets, a high-level energy analysis of a typical supermarkets is needed and is carried out according to the following main steps: ● identification of supermarkets’ typical energy balance; ● definition of typical energy consumption level (electricity/heat); ● analysis of typical breakdown of energy consumption; ● selection of key areas for energy efficiency improvement; ● elaboration of energy efficiency measures’ catalogue. Based on the analysis of typical supermarkets’ energy balances, the key areas for energy efficiency are identified as the following six: ● overall energy management; ● energy supply; ● heating, ventilation, air conditioning; ● lighting; ● product refrigeration; ● other areas. A number of 42 energy efficiency interventions are presented that belong to the above-mentioned six areas. It can be noticed that the last four areas are directly correlated with the categories of energy users that are identified as responsible for the largest part of energy consumptions in the previous section, whereas the first two are more general and may lead
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