sign in sign up
<<
Home , Anal valves

Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. The skeletal muscle that forms the core of the lips is called the __?__ and the skeletal muscle that forms the core of the cheeks is called the __?__. (a) orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris (b) mentalis, buccinator (c) orbicularis oris, buccinator (d) buccinator, masseter (e) buccinator, orbicularis oculi

2. The oral cavity is lined with __?__ epithelium. (a) simple cuboidal (b) simple columnar (c) simple squamous (d) stratified squamous keratinized (e) stratified squamous

3. The parotid glands __?__. (a) are located over the mandibular rami (b) empty into the oral vestibule opposite the second upper molars (c) produce saliva (d) can be infected by the "mumps" virus (e) all of these

4. The submandibular glands __?__. (a) can be palpated just inside the lower edges of the mandible (b) are seromucous or mixed (c) empty into the floor of the oral cavity on either side of the lingual frenulum (d) all of these (e) none of these

5. Which structures form ridge-like bulges in the floor of the oral cavity under the tongue ? (a) lingual tonsils (b) submandibular glands (c) palatine tonsils (d) sublingual glands (e) pharyngeal tonsils

6. The soft palate __?__. (a) forms the posterior 1/3 of the roof of the oral cavity (b) is covered with respiratory mucosa on its pharyngeal side (c) is covered with stratified squamous epithelium on its oral side (d) contains a core of skeletal muscles (e) all of these

7. The uvula __?__. (a) produces sounds (b) is part of the hard palate (c) is a large ruga (d) is an anchoring point for soft palate muscles (e) all of these

8. The hard palate __?__. (a) forms the anterior 2/3 of the roof of the oral cavity (b) is formed by the palatine bones and the palatine processes of the maxillae (c) is covered with stratified squamous epithelium (d) is marked, especially in the infant, by ridges called rugae (e) all of these

9. The tip of the tongue is called the __?__. (a) corpus (b) dorsum (c) frenulum (d) root (e) apex

10. The fold of tissue formed as the oral mucosa leaves the undersuface of the tongue and spreads out over the floor of the oral cavity is called the __?__. (a) lingual tonsil (b) lingual frenulum (c) inferior labial frenulum (d) sulcus terminalis (e) foramen

11. Which type of lingual papilla is the most numerous and provides the tongue surface with friction __?__. (a) foliate (b) fungiform (c) circumvallate (d) filiform (e) vallate

12. Circumvallate papillae __?__. (a) are located anterior to the sulcus terminalis and foramen cecum (b) have glands of von Ebner (c) contain taste buds (d) vary in their number (e) all of these

13. Taste buds __?__. (a) consist of nerve cells and supporting cells (b) have openings to the oral cavity called taste pores (c) are located throughout the epithelium lining the oral cavity and covering the tongue (d) all of these (e) none of these

14. The foramen cecum __?__. (a) marks the embryonic origin of the thyroid gland (b) is located on the dorsum of the root of the tongue (c) may be connected to the thyroid gland by a duct or a band of tissue (d) all of these (e) none of these

15. The lingual tonsil __?__. (a) is located on the root of the tongue (b) consists of masses of lymphocytes in a meshwork of reticular fibers (c) is covered with epithelium (d) all of these (e) none of these

16. On the basis of their names, which of the following is not an extrinsic tongue muscle ? (a) palatoglossus (b) hyoglossus (c) genioglossus (d) geniohyoid (e) styloglossus

17. The intrinsic tongue muscles are not arranged __?__. (a) circularly (b) vertically (c) longitudinally (d) transversely

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 1of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

18. The __?__ muscles alter the shape of the tongue; the __?__ move the entire tongue. (a) intrinsic, extrinsic (b) extrinsic, intrinsic (c) neither of these

19. During swallowing or deglutition __?__. (a) the tongue moves up and back (b) the soft palate moves up (c) the larynx moves up and forward (d) the epiglottis is pressed down and back (e) all of these

20. In humans, the normal deciduous dentition consists of a total of __?__ teeth and the normal permanent dentition consists of a total of __?__ teeth. (a) 20, 32 (b) 32, 20 (c) 20, 28 (d) 28, 32 (e) none of these

21. Permanent teeth __?__. (a) develop in the maxillae and the mandible (b) develop at the same time that the deciduous teeth are growing and erupting (c) replace deciduous teeth by eroding their roots (d) all of these (e) none of these

22. From deep to superficial, a tooth crown consists of __?__. (a) enamel, dentine, pulp (b) pulp, dentine, enamel (c) cementum, dentine, enamel (d) pulp, dentine, cementum (e) pulp, cementum, dentine

23. The pulp cavity of a tooth __?__. (a) is located primarily in the crown (b) is connected to the root canal or canals (c) contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue (d) all of these (e) none of these

24. The root canal of a tooth __?__. (a) is surrounded by dentine (b) leads to the pulp cavity (c) is a passage for blood vessels and nerves (d) is located in a root (e) all of these

25. Which teeth have the most roots ? (a) upper molars (b) lower molars (c) incisors (d) canines (e) premolars

26. In the root of a tooth, the dentine is covered with the bone-like substance __?__. (a) cementum (b) enamel (c) pulp (d) periodontal membrane (e) gingiva

27. The periodontal membrane that anchors a tooth root in its alveolus is __?__. (a) fibrous connective tissue (b) a gomphosis type joint (c) a slightly moveable joint (d) all of these (e) none of these

28. The neck of a tooth __?__. (a) connects the crown and the root (b) is the attachment site of the gingiva (c) is not visible unless the gingiva has retracted (d) all of these (e) none of these

29. No new enamel is formed after a tooth has erupted because __?__. (a) enamel is produced by a sheet of cells covering the enamel that is destroyed after eruption (b) enamel lasts a lifetime and does not need to be replaced (c) all the cells that produce dentine and cementum stop working after the tooth erupts (d) God did not want it that way

30. The teeth are supplied by branches of the __?__ arteries and the __?__ nerves. (a) maxillary, trigeminal (b) lingual, facial (c) internal carotid, hypoglossal (e) maxillary, vagus

31. The masses of lymphatic tissue located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches of the oral cavity are the: (a) adenoids (b) pharyngeal tonsils (c) palatine tonsils (d) lingual tonsil (e) none of these.

32. The __?__. (a) is open anteriorly to the nasal, oral, and laryngeal cavities (b) has a core of three paired, overlapping constrictor muscles (c) is divided into three parts (d) all of these (e) none of these

33. The oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx __?__. (a) are lined with stratified squamous epithelium (b) are posterior to the oral and laryngeal cavities (c) are adapted more for digestive tract functions than respiratory functions (d) all of these (e) none of these

34. When you open your mouth to exam your "throat," you are __?__. (a) looking past the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (b) looking past the locations of the palatine tonsils (c) looking at the oropharynx (d) all of these (e) none of these

35. Inferiorly, the laryngopharynx is continuous with the __?__. (a) oropharynx (b) (c) nasopharynx (d) (e) none of these

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 2of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

36. The esophagus __?__. (a) begins in the neck (b) ends in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity (c) passes through the mediastinum of the thorax (d) all of these (e) none of these

37. As it passes through the neck and the thorax, the esophagus is __?__. (a) posterior to the larynx and trachea (b) posterior to the heart and great vessels (c) beside the descending aorta (d) anterior to the vertebral column (e) all of these

38. The esophagus __?__. (a) is lined with stratified squamous epithelium (b) contains a gradient of skeletal and smooth muscles in its muscularis externa (c) contains numerous mucous glands (d) all of these (e) none of these

39. Inferiorly, the esophagus connects with the __?__ of the stomach. (a) cardiac part (b) fundus (c) corpus (d) pyloric part (e) pyloric sphincter

40. The innermost layer of the digestive tube from esophagus to , is the tunica __?__. (a) (b) mucosa (c) muscularis externa (d) or serosa

41. The mucosa of the digestive tube consists of __?__. (a) a lining epithelium (b) a of connective tissue (c) a of smooth muscle (d) all of these (e) none of these

42. Which layer of the mucosa is closest to the gut lumen ? (a) epithelium (b) lamina propria (c) muscularis mucosae (d) none of these

43. The lining epithelium of the digestive tube from stomach to rectum is __?__ epithelium. (a) simple squamous (b) stratified squamous (c) simple cuboidal (d) simple columnar (e) stratified columnar

44. The submucosa of the digestive tube contains __?__. (a) connective tissue (b) blood vessels and nerves (c) glands in some areas (d) lymphatic vessels and tissues (e) all of these

45. The submucosa of the digestive tube is located between the __?__ and the __?__. (a) mucosa and adventitia (b) mucosa and serosa (c) serosa and muscularis externa (d) mucosa and muscularis externa (e) mucosa and gut lumen

46. The muscularis externa of the digestive tube __?__. (a) consists of two or three layers of smooth muscle (b) is responsible for peristaltic and segmentation contractions (c) is controlled by autonomic nerves and hormones (d) all of these (e) none of these

47. The main difference between a tunica serosa and a tunica adventitia is that the tunica serosa consists of connective tissue plus __?__. (a) endothelium (b) mesothelium (c) transitional epithelium (d) pleura (e) none of these

48. There are clusters of parasympathetic nerve cells located in the __?__ of the digestive tube. (a) mucosa and serosa (b) submucosa and muscularis externa (c) mucosa and adventitia (d) submucosa and mucosa (e) submucosa and adventitia

49. The stomach is located __?__. (a) in the upper left abdominal quadrant (b) anterior to the pancreas and left kidney (c) to the right of the spleen (d) all of these (e) none of these

50. The __?__ is a fold of peritoneum that stretches between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the undersurface of the liver. (a) mesentery proper (b) transverse mesocolon (c) greater omentum (d) lesser omentum (e) falciform ligament

51. The greater omentum __?__. (a) is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach (b) covers the (c) consists of several fused layers of peritoneum (d) contains fatty connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics (e) all of these

52. Which part of the stomach is normally largest ? (a) cardiac (b) body (c) fundus (d) pyloric (e)

53. Which part of the stomach connects with the ? (a) cardiac (b) body (c) fundus (d) pyloric A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 3of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

54. Which part of the stomach is normally closest to the diaphragm ? (a) cardia (b) body (c) fundus (d) pylorus (e) pyloric antrum

55. Which structure prevents the reflux (= flow back) of chyme from the stomach to the esophagus ? (a) (b) pyloric sphincter (c) rectal valves (d) LES (e) none of these

56. Which structure controls the flow of chyme from the stomach to the first part of the duodenum ? (a) ileocecal valve (b) pyloric sphincter (c) rectal valves (d) LES (e) rugae

57. __?__. (a) are simple branched tubular glands (b) are located in the lamina propria (c) open to the stomach lumen through (d) all of these (e) none of these

58. Which gastric gland cells produce hydrogen and chloride ions and release them into the stomach to produce hydrochloric acid ? (a) parietal or oxyntic (b) zymogenic or chief (c) mucous neck (d) undifferentiated stem (e) enteroendocrine or argentaffine

59. Gastric intrinsic factor __?__. (a) is a protein (b) is produced and released by the same cells that produce hydrochloric acid (c) is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12 (d) all of these (e) none of these

60. Pepsinogen __?__. (a) is a protein (b) is converted to the enzyme pepsin when exposed to hydrochloric acid (c) is produced by chief cells (d) all of these (e) none of these

61. The mucous neck cells in the stomach __?__. (a) secrete a protective layer for the stomach lining (b) secrete a different type of mucus than the goblet cells in the lining epithelium (c) are located in the upper parts of gastric glands (d) all of these (e) none of these

62. Every 3-7 days, the entire lining epithelium of the stomach is replaced by cells derived from mitosis of __?__ cells. (a) chief cells (b) stem cells (c) parietal cells (d) mucous neck cells (e) none of these

63. Glands in the cardiac and pyloric parts of the stomach have more __?__ cells than the glands in the corpus and the fundus. (a) zymogenic (b) columnar absorptive (c) parietal (d) mucous (e) enteroendocrine

64. There are __?__ layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach. (a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four (e) no

65. The innermost layer of smooth muscle in the stomach's muscularis externa is arranged __?__. (a) circularly (b) longitudinally (c) obliquely (d) all of these (e) none of these

66. The expansion folds in the stomach wall are called __?__. (a) villi (b) rugae (c) (d) semilunar folds (e) valves

67. The first part of the small intestine __?__. (a) is about one foot long or approximately 5% of the total length of the small intestine (b) is mostly retroperitoneal (c) is called the duodenum (d) all of these (e) none of these

68. The second part of the small intestine is the __?__. (a) ilium (b) (c) (d) cecum (e)

69. The third or last part of the small intestine is the __?__. (a) ilium (b) ileum (c) appendix (d) cecum (e) jujube

70. The jejunum and the ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the __?__. (a) greater omentum (b) lesser omentum (c) falciform ligament (d) transverse mesocolon (e) mesentery proper

71. The mesentery proper __?__. (a) is a fold of peritoneum (b) contains variable amounts of fat, blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes, and lymphatics (c) suspends the jejunum and the ileum from the posterior abdominal wall (d) all of these (e) none of these

72. Plicae circulares __?__. (a) are the same as circular folds (b) are found only in the small intestine (c) are folds of mucosa and submucosa (d) all of these (e) none of these

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 4of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

73. Intestinal villi __?__. (a) are finger-like projections of mucosa (b) contain smooth muscle, capillaries, and lacteals (c) are found only in the small intestine (d) all of these (e) none of these

74. The epithelium lining the small intestine __?__. (a) is simple columnar (b) contains mostly absorptive cells (c) contains some goblet and enteroendocrine cells (d) all of these (e) none of these

75. The absorptive cells in the epithelium lining the small intestine __?__. (a) move materials from the gut lumen to capillaries in the gut wall (b) are columnar in shape (c) have numerous microvilli (d) all of these (e) none of these

76. In the small intestine, the surface area for absorption of digested materials is increased by __?__. (a) plicae circulares (b) intestinal villi (c) cellular microvilli (d) all of these (e) none of these

77. Fats absorbed in the small intestine are picked up and carried away by __?__. (a) capillaries (b) lacteals (c) rugae (d) lacunae (e) cisternae

78. Brunner's glands __?__. (a) are located in the duodenum (b) produce mucus (c) protect the duodenal lining from gastric acids (d) are also called duodenal glands (e) all of these

79. Intestinal glands contain __?__. (a) enzyme producing Paneth cells (b) mucus producing goblet cells (c) replacement absorptive cells with microvilli (d) hormone producing enteroendocrine cells (e) all of these

80. Which cell produces an anti-bacterial enzyme ? (a) Paneth (b) Kupffer (c) Langerhans (d) Guthrie (e) Rumplesiltskin

81. Peyer's patches __?__. (a) are aggregated follicles of lymphatic tissue (b) are the only masses of lymphatic tissue found in the small intestine (c) are found only in the jejunum (d) all of these (e) none of these

82. The ileum terminates at its junction with the __?__. (a) appendix (b) (c) cecum (d) rectum (e)

83. The ileocecal valve __?__. (a) controls the flow of materials from the ileum to the cecum (b) is located above the opening of the appendix (c) is a ring of smooth muscle (d) all of these (e) none of these

84. The or colon includes the __?__. (a) ascending and descending colons (b) cecum (c) sigmoid colon (d) transverse colon (e) all of these

85. The __?__. (a) begins at the cecum (b) ends at the right colic flexure (c) is normally located in the right posterior abdominal wall (d) all of these (e) none of these

86. The __?__. (a) begins at the splenic flexure (b) ends at the sigmoid colon in the false pelvis (c) is normally located in the left posterior abdominal wall (d) all of these (e) none of these

87. The transverse colon __?__. (a) connects the ascending and descending colons (b) is suspended by the transverse mesocolon (c) begins at the hepatic flexure and ends at the splenic flexure (d) all of these (e) none of these

88. The right colic flexure is also called the __?__ flexure and the left colic flexure is also called the __?__ flexure. (a) splenic, hepatic (b) hepatic, splenic (c) cecal, falciform (d) gastric, hepatic (e) none of these

89. Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine ? (a) taeniae coli (b) intestinal villi (c) appendices epiploicae (d) haustra (e) plicae semilunares

90. The appendix __?__. (a) has the same basic structure as the rest of the large intestine (b) contains large masses of lymphatic tissue (c)in humans, may have functions similar to the tonsils (d) is attached to the posteromedial wall of the cecum below the ileocecal junction (e) all of these

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 5of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

91. Appendices epiploicae __?__. (a) are the same as epiploic appendages (b) are small clusters of fat accumulated in the visceral peritoneum of the colon (c) are characteristic only of the large intestine (d) all of these (e) none of these

92. Taeniae coli __?__. (a) are longitudinal bands of smooth muscle running the length of the large intestine (b) are three in number (c) are found only in the colon (d) are part of the muscularis externa (e) all of these

93. Haustra __?__. (a) are found only in the large intestine (b) are sac-like expansions of the colon wall (c) are caused by the tonic contraction of the taeniae coli (d) all of these (e) none of these

94. If you traced the flow of fecal material from the ileocecal valve to the rectum, through which of the following listed structures would it pass fourthly ? (a) transverse colon (b) descending colon (c) ascending colon (d) cecum (e) sigmoid colon

95. What type of cell is most common in the lining epithelium and glands of the large intestine ? (a) goblet (b) enteroendocrine (c) zymogenic (d) absorptive (e) parietal

96. The sigmoid colon connects the __?__ to the __?__. (a) rectum, ascending colon (b) cecum, ascending colon (c) descending colon, rectum (d) ascending colon, transverse colon (e) none of these

97. The rectum __?__. (a) lies in the true pelvis (b) begins at the sigmoid colon (c) ends at the (d) all of these (e) none of these

98. The three transverse rectal valves __?__. (a) reflect bends in the rectum (b) project into the lumen of the rectum (c) separate fecal material from flatus or gas (d) all of these (e) none of these

99. The rectum becomes the anal canal when it passes through the __?__ muscle. (a) levator ani (b) coccygeus (c) (d) (e) none of these

100. __?__. (a) are longitudinal ridges of tissue (b) overlie hemorrhoidal or rectal veins (c) are connected inferiorly by anal valves (d) all of these (e) none of these

101. The __?__ is a thickening of the circular smooth muscle of the anal canal. (a) pyloric sphincter (b) internal anal sphincter (c) external anal sphincter (d) levator ani (e) none of these

102. In the female, the rectum is located __?__. (a) anterior to the vagina and uterus (b) between the uterus and the urinary bladder (c) anterior to the urinary bladder (d) posterior to the vagina and the uterus (e) none of these

103. Most of the liver is located in the __?__ quadrant of the abdominal cavity. (a) upper left (b) upper right (c) lower left (d) lower right

104. The liver is __?__. (a) below the right lung (b) inferior to the diaphragm (c) almost entirely protected by the rib cage (d) superior to the right colic flexure (e) all of these

105. Which liver lobe is largest ? (a) quadrate (b) caudate (c) right (d) left (e) none of these

106. The falciform ligament __?__. (a) is a fold of peritoneum (b) separates the right and left lobes of the liver (c) attaches to the parietal peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall (d) all of these (e) none of these

107. The ligamentum teres hepatis (= round ligament of the liver) __?__. (a) runs in the lower edge of the falciform ligament (b) ends at the umbilicus (c) contains the remains of the fetal umbilical vein (d) all of these (e) none of these

108. Structures enter and leave the liver through the __?__. (a) portal area (b) porta hepatis (c) falciform ligament (d) portal triad (e) bare area

109. The porta hepatis __?__. (a) is located on the inferior surface of the liver (b) contains the portal vein and the hepatic artery (c) contains the right and left hepatic ducts (d) all of these (e) none of these

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 6of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

110. Which vessel occupies a depression on the back of the liver ? (a) abdominal aorta (b) SVC (c) IVC (d) portal vein (e) none of these

111. Liver cells are also called __?__. (a) Paneth cells (b) hepatocytes (c) pneumocytes (d) keratinocytes (e) parietal cells

112. The functional unit of the liver is the __?__. (a) lobe (b) portal area (c) lobule (d) porta hepatis (e) portal triad

113. A liver lobule consists of __?__. (a) walls of hepatocytes (b) sinusoids lined with endothelial and Kuppfer cells (c) a central vein (d) all of these (e) none of these

114. The liver sinusoids __?__. (a) contain a mixture of hepatic arterial and portal venous blood (b) are lined with endothelial cells and macrophages called Kuppfer cells (c) convey blood towards the central vein of the lobule (d) receive blood from the branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein located in the portal areas (e) all of these

115. The hepatic arterial blood flowing through the sinusoids supplies the liver cells with __?__. (a) carbon dioxide (b) oxygen (c) nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract (d) all of these (e) none of these

116. The portal venous blood entering the liver __?__. (a) has already gone through the capillaries of the digestive tube (b) has given up most of its oxygen to digestive tract cells (c) has picked up carbon dioxide from the digestive tube cells (d) contains nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract (e) all of these

117. As blood flows through the liver sinusoids __?__. (a) it is filtered by macrophages (b) nutrients are removed from it by hepatocytes and put into storage until needed (c) it receives needed materials released from storage by hepatocytes (d) all of these (e) none of these

118. Blood leaving the liver lobules enters the __?__. (a) portal vein (b) hepatic artery (c) hepatic veins (d) superior vena cava (e) superior mesenteric vein

119. The hepatic veins __?__. (a) are normally two or three in number (b) contain blood drained from the central veins of liver lobules (c) empty into the IVC (d) all of these (e) none of these

120. Portal areas __?__. (a) are located in the connective tissues between liver lobules (b) are also called portal triads (c) contain branches of the portal vein, the hepatic artery and the bile duct system (d) all of these (e) none of these

121. If you traced the flow of blood through the liver, through which of the following listed vessels would it pass thirdly ? (a) liver sinusoids (b) central veins (c) portal vein and hepatic artery branches (d) hepatic veins (e) inferior vena cava

122. After being produced by liver cells, bile first enters __?__. (a) bile canaliculi (b) bile ducts in portal triads (c) the right and left hepatic ducts (d) the common hepatic duct (e) the common bile duct

123. The gall bladder is connected to the common bile duct by the __?__. (a) cystic duct (b) right hepatic duct (c) common hepatic duct (d) duodenal papilla (e) left hepatic duct

124. The gall bladder __?__. (a) concentrates bile (b) stores bile (c) releases bile when fat enters the duodenum (d) responds to the hormone cholecystokinin (e) all of these

125. The common bile duct empties into the second part of the duodenum at the __?__. (a) (b) ileocecal valve (c) pylorus (d) porta hepatis (e) none of these

126. If you traced the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum, through which of the following listed structures would it pass last ? (a) common bile duct (b) right or left hepatic ducts (c) common hepatic duct (d) sphincters of Oddi and Boyden (e) duodenal papilla

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 7of 8 Anatomy 25 Review Questions: Digestive System Guthrie

127. The hepatopancreatic and choledochal (Oddi and Boyden) sphincters __?__. (a) control the flow of bile from the cystic duct (b) control the flow of bile into the duodenum (c) are rings of smooth muscle (d) all of these (e) none of these

128. The pancreas is __?__. (a) retroperitoneal (b) posterior to the stomach (c) anterior to the aorta and the IVC (d) all of these (e) none of these

129. The head of the pancreas is in close physical contact with the __?__. (a) stomach (b) spleen (c) duodenum (d) liver (e) transverse colon

130. Which blood vessels pass between the head of the pancreas and the third part of the duodenum ? (a) inferior mesenteric (b) superior mesenteric (c) splenic (d) celiac (e) none of these

131. The tail of the pancreas __?__. (a) runs to the left side of the body (b) ends at the spleen (c) passes in front of the left kidney (d) all of these (e) none of these

132. Pancreatic digestive enzymes __?__. (a) are produced by the exocrine part of the pancreas (b) are not normally activated until they enter the duodenum (c) are amylases, proteases, lipases, and nucleases (d) all of these (e) none of these

133. The main (= excretory) duct of the pancreas empties into the __?__. (a) ileum (b) stomach (c) jejunum (d) duodenum (e) cecum

134. Both pancreatic enzymes and bile enter the second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla (of Vater). (a) true (b) false

135. The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of __?__. (a) serous secretory units (b) pancreatic islets (c) serous demilunes (d) mucous secretory units (e) none of these

136. Pancreatic islets __?__. (a) produce hormones (b) are spherical clusters of cells (c) are scattered through the exocrine portion of the pancreas (d) are also called islets of Langerhans (e) all of these

137. Glucagon __?__. (a) is a hormone (b) is produced by alpha pancreatic islet cells (c) mobilizes glucose from storage and promotes glucose production (d) all of these (e) none of these

138. Insulin __?__. (a) is produced by beta pancreatic islet cells (b) promotes glucose uptake by cell membranes (c) promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen (d) all of these (e) none of these

139. Which of the following organ - abdominal location matches is not correct ? (a) stomach - upper left quadrant (b) descending colon - right side (c) spleen - upper left quadrant (d) liver - upper right quadrant (e) cecum and appendix - lower right quadrant

140. The enteroendocrine or argentaffin cells of the digestive tube produce __?__. (a) hydrochloric acid (b) hormones regulating smooth muscle and glandular activity (c) peptidases (d) Insulin and glucagon (e) amylases, proteases, and lipases

A25RQDigestSys.mguthrie Page 8of 8