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Luna Bucurestilor LUNA BUCURESTILOR" tz=4,C=C:33=0f=11=3=4,cmc=0:=3c=>=1[1=a,==rocz5,Vs==.:=1:=ConIoCc=4=1=4;c:z CONDUCATOR ISTORIC LA BISERICILE DIN BUCURESTI $1 IMPREJURIMILE 'MEDIATE DE N. IORGA TRADUCERE DUPA ,GUIDE HISTORIQUE DE ROUMANIE" II D LILIANA IORGA IJ ecv d EDITURA MUNICIPIULLII BLICUREgI 1935 LUNA BUCURESTILOR 0::::=C=1,=0:=2,=a0CD=CCOC=":=70:00,:=CDc=10..000:CIP:I=1 CONDUCATOR ISTORIC LA BISERICILE DIN BUCURESTI $i . IMPREJURIMILE IMEDIATE DE N. IORGA TRADUCERE DUPA . GUIDE HISTORIQUE DE ROUMANIE" DB LILIANA IORGA . EDITURA MUNICIPIULUI BUCURESTI 1935 - r . Intri in capita!a Romaniei prin Ca leaGrivitei (nu- 4. mita odinioara Podul Tdrgov4tet), care comunica la capat cu artera principals, stramta Si intortochiata Ca- lea Victoriei (foasta Podul Mogwaiei). Podul, strazile hind pe atunci acoperitecuscanduri, purta numele fetei, maritata cu lordachi II Cantacuzino, aboietului Matei Mogo Mare Serdar, o cruce a lui, 1718-1719, in biserica din Oborul Vechiu , care avea o proprie- :tate in capatul de Nord at orwilui. Dar, pentru a in- jelege desvoltarea fostuluisat atstrarnouluiBucur, trebuie sa inaintezi catre Sud, peste Dambovita, acum canalisataintre maluri napadite deierburi, pangla capatul colinei mijlocii, a lui Mihai-Voda (dupa manas- tirea lui Mihai Viteazul ;celelaltepatrusant,dela Vest la Est,Cotrocenii,Dealul Spirii,dupa biserica - medicului Spirea, Spiro, Spiridon, Mitropolia §i Radu- Voda, dupa manastirea Domnului Radu Mihnea). De acolo a pornit orwl, din umbra, am zice, a fortaretei Giurgiu, pe malul Dunarii,cuceritadupa1420de" Turci, pentru a se intinde neincetat catre Nord, Oita la noile cartiere ale Soselei Chiselev (dupa pre§edin- .tele plenipotentiar al Divanurilor moldo-valahe in tim- pul ocupatiei ruse0idin 1828-1834, generalulPavel Chiselev) :parcul Filipescu, parcul Delavrancea, aleile Blanc. _ . 4 Pe locul unei biserici mai vechi, Mihai Viteazulri- dica in 1594 bisericasa, Mihai-Voda, de proportii mici, dar de o frumoasa linie svelta. Ea a fost refacuta in secolul al XVIII-lea, la 1711 (data sapata pe poarta), apoi la 1834, fara a-i schimba aspectul general; un palat domnesc, cladit dupa 1770de Alexandru-Voda Ipsilanti,inlocuichiliilecalugarilor: astazi ePalatal Archivelor Statului; alaturi e un museu :harti, planse, desemnuri (a se adresa directorului). Frescele, refacute, sant urate. Cateva morminte :al Slugerului Preda Ur- dareanu (t 1672), al Vornicului Ivasco Baleanu (t 1679), si in sfar§it fara a mai socoti cativa Greci §i cativa_ enoriasi din secolul al XIX-lea, mormantul Smarag- ditei Chrysoskolaios (Hrisoscoleu), nepoata, dupa mama, a Doamnei Sultana Mavrocordat. Pe dealul, intermediar,alSpirei (mormantullui ; t 1765) biserica inaltata de acesta din urma a fost complect refacuta. La stanga Palatului de Justitie, pelocul unde de atata vreme se lucreaza la un PalatalSenatului, e bisericuta Patriarhilor de Antiohia, Slantul Spiridon: inscriptia greceascasiaraba cu data de 1747simen- tiunea Patriarhului Silvestru, refugiat in Romania ;fiica lui Nicolae Mavrocordat,Sultana,adonatsiea o icoana (in 1745). Mai infund, ebiserica,adausa cuun frumos pridvor,pe careStefanCantacuzino, urmasullui Constantin Brancoveanu,siel sortit a fiexecutat de Turci impreuna cu tatal sau, eruditul istoric Constan- tin Stolnicul, a inchinat-o, in 1715, cu un an inaintea mortii sale, Sfintilor Apostoli PetrusiPavel, pe locul unei capele a lui Matei Basarab. Portrete apartinand familiei Cantacuzinilor. Mormantul unei Patina (t 1810), estrwhe A k =sr -1,02 7olas#27 47, I I,141411 I 11- Mat .1 Vedere a vechiului Bucuresti (desemn dupa o stamps veche de Nadia Bulughin). 5 care poarta numele sotiei lui Stefan.Potir de argint, datat din 1741. Frumoase strane. In directia colinelor, catre Sud, de-a lungul Dambo- vitei, dupa marele Palat de Justitie, e biserica Down- nei "Vaasa" (Domni(a Bala), ziditade una din fetele lui Constantin Brancoveanu (PalatulluiCon- stantin, fiul Domnului, era de cealaltapartea Pala- tului de Justitie; mai departe, indosulHalelor, mai dainuieste crucea ridicata de acelasipentrua aminti locul unde fusese lovit siucis de mercenarii rascu- lati, bunicul sau, Papa Brancoveanu). Nimic nu mai ramane din biserica de dupa 1720, pe locul unde s'a cladit un pompos edificiu in marmura (alaturi e spitalul datoritdarnicieiultimeidintrefe- meile care, in vechea familie, purtara numele de Bran- coveanu).IntrespitalulBrancovenescsiHale(la stanga, in grading, e statuia luiBarbu Catargi, pre- sedintele Consiliului supt Cuza-Voda, asasinat putin mai sus, pentru motive politice), printr'oaleielarga (din P;31), o cruce, la stanga, fusese ridicata de Rusi la 1812 , se ajunge la Mitropolie, in curtea careia se in- stalase Adunarea Nationala a Regulamentului Organic ; a fost daramata de curand si inlocuita printr'o enortna cladire de piatra goals,adapostind modesta casa a CamereiDeputatilor. Biserica,precedata de oclo- potnita de la 1698, e datoritaluiConstantin Serban si pastreaza Inca liniile de pe la 1655. Reparatie supt Fanarioti la sfarsitul sec.alXIX-lea (1799); ferestre sculptate pe la 1630; foarte urat nartex exterior; fres- cele afumate au lost inlocuite; sicriul de argint al unui slant din Bulgaria adus de Rusii unei armate de ocupatie, Sfantul Dimitrie din Basarabov. Morminteleaulost acoperite de pietrele pavagiului, ca de pildaallui 6 Patrascu Balaceanu (t 1640-1641), al lui Draghici si Constantin, urmasii sai; pentruMitropolitii Teodosie (t 1708) si Stefan (t 1738) s'a inaltat un monument in forma de turn, in partea stanga a bisericii.Inin- terior nu e deck mormantulGradistenilor, incepand cu Bunea si sotia sa Grajdana,inepocaluiMihai Viteazul (opera de la inceputul sec.XIX-lea).Palatul Metropolitan (uncle locuieste Patriarhul) are oclopot- nita, un balcon cu colonete (un altulde epotriva a lost adaugat de curand) si un incantator paraclis, ri- . dicat de Mitropolitul Daniil supt Nicolae Mavrocordat, Domnul Munteniei (inscriptie greceasca din 1723, da- torita poetului Dirnitrie G. Notaras). Fresce frumoase; unul din cele mai mareteiconostase,cuicoane de primul ordin. Cateva obiecte, mitre, dintre care una de la 1693, un crucifix, o icoana adusa delaMegaspi- leon (Tesalia)in1463,erauexpuseinparaclis icoane vechi in sala dereceptii, catevaportrete pe panza ale arhiepiscopilor. Urmand aceiasi linie,to &esti inainteamarii bi- serici, complect refacuta in secolulalXIX-lea,alui Radu -Vold. La inceput era doar un paraclisridicat, ca o necropola a familiei sale, de Alexandru Mircea- Voda; acestui prim edificiuii apartin celecloud mici morminte din dreapta pronaosului: mormantul micului. principe Vlad, fiul lui Mihnea Turcul sinepotul fun- datorului(tinainte de 1587),sialElenei,fiicalui Alexandru si sotia lui Ivascu Golescu(t catre 1588) . (lipseste piatra pe mormantul luiMihai,fiulBanului Dobromir). La1595edificiulfudistrus de Turcii _ Vizirului Sinan, care-siridicaaici palanca, fortareata sa. Radu, fiul lui Mihnea, castigand mostenirea tatalui sau, refacu si marl biserica, in 1614-1615. Acolo a si. 1:: 7 y _ . lost ingropat el in 1626 (mort la 15 Februar) supt o piatra purtand aceasta inscriptie romaneasca: Radul Voevod ce-au fost Domn Tarai-Rumanesti si Moldovei . si multe razboe au biruit, si iara au venit de la cinstita Poarta s'au lost al doile rand Domn Tarai-Rumanesti, si s'au lasat steagu fiiu-sau ce e mai sus scris, si iara s'eu dus de-au fost Domn Tarai Moldovei,siacolo s'eu pristavit intruo cetateinHralau, inlunalui Ghenarie 13 zile, Sambilta, si cu mare cinste 1-au 'adus trupul dumnelui si 1-au ingrupat in luna luFevrarie in 5 zile, Dumineca. Aicea zac osele dumnealui, Dum- nezeu-1 iarte[in] Imparatia Ceriului, adevarat. Inanii 7134 (delaFacereaLumii). Aceasta piatrade pe mormant sa'u facut si o'u framsetat cela ce este bine cinstit si de Hristos iubitcrestin Alexandru Voevod nascatoriullui] dumniialui celuia ce s'au pristavit intru .fericita credinta, celuia ce-au lostbinecinstitside Hristos iubit Domn crestin". Portretullui,modern, nu corespunde modelului; vechile fresce au disparut. Puternicul turn al clopotnitei, "*". refacut pe la 1790, apartine acesteiepoci.Biserica e plina de morminte. Mentionam pe cel al fiicii lui Aga Jipa (t1691),alChiajnei,fiicaluiRadu Dudescu (t 1693), al capitanului Matei Comaneanu sial sotiei lui (t 1698), al lui GheorgheCastriotul,sfetnicul lui Constantin Brancoveanu, diplomat si fundator de scoli (t 1716),alluiPreda Merisanu (t1720-1721),al capitanului lordachi Balcescu (t 1723), alcapitanului Alexandrachi (t 1726), al capitanului Preda (t1742), .al lui Manta Farcasanu (t 1743), at Grecului lordachi Kanelos (t 1757), al Anei Campineanu, fiicaMarelui Ban Pana Filipescu, atluiAtanasieAmiras. Printre . obiectele de cult, frumoasele ripide in argint donate 8 de Nicolae Mavrocordat (portrete sculptate), oicoana daruita de fiica Domnului, Sultana (1747), candelabre din 1786. (In curte e internatul Facultatii de Teologie, care tine cheile.) Despartita printr'o strada,la stanga, e capela cimitirului, pe care se indaratnicesc a o con- sidera ca biserica lui Bucur, intemeietorul Bucurestilor: linii pure; sculpturi frumoaselausasilaferestre (intrarea este oprita). Jos, e bisericaSf. Spiridon,refacutainpiatra si marmura, cuturnuriascutite, in secolul alXIX-lea ; la stanga e mormantul, cu lunga inscriptiegreceasca versificata, cuprinzand ramIlsitele lui Voda-Scarlat, fiul lui Grigore Ghica (t 2 Decembre1766), la care s'au adaugat cele ale luiloan Gheorghe Hangerli, injun- ghiat de Turci la sfarsitulsecolului al XVIII-lea, sial lui Alexandru Sulu, mort la inceputul anului 1821 (fara inscriptii).
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