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Cat Anatomy and Dissection Guide

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Cat Anatomy and Dissection Guide Comparative Anatomy of the Domestic Cat and Selected Organs of the Sheep, Cow, & Pig With Reference to the Human Karen McMahon Biological Science The University of Tulsa HAPS Institute - Using Cadavers to Teach A&P November 30, 2008 Integumentary System Cat Skin Stratum Corneum Epidermis Hair Root Dermis Human Skin, Heavily Pigmented Stratum Corneum Epidermis Stratum Dermis Basale Skeletal System The premaxilla is a separate bone in the cat skull. Nasal Premaxilla Maxilla The premaxilla is not present in the human skull. Nasal Maxilla Cats have a carnivorous dentition pattern. Teeth in each half of the u. jaw/l. jaw: Incisors 3/3 Canines 1/1 Premolars 3/2 Molars 1/1. The total # of teeth is 30. Incisors Canine Premolar Molar Humans have an omnivorous dentition pattern. Teeth in each half of the upper jaw/lower jaw: Incisors 2/2 Premolar Canines 1/1 Premolars 2/2 Molars 3/3. The total # of teeth is 32. Canine Incisors Molar There are 7 lumbar vertebrae in the cat; 5 in the human. The sacrum is composed of 3 fused bones in the cat; 5 in the human. The cat has 21-25 separate caudal vertebrae. The coccyx in the human consists of 3 -5 fused caudal vertebrae. Caudal Vertebrae Human Coccyx There are 13 pairs of ribs in the cat - pairs 1-9 true, 10-13 false, & pair 13 is also floating. The human has 12 pairs of ribs - pairs 1-7 true, 8-12 false, & pairs 11-12 are also floating. True (1-7) False (8-12) Floating The cat’s sternum consists of a manubrium, a body of 6 sternebrae, & a xiphisternum with a xiphoid process. The human sternum consists of a manubrium, body, & xiphoid process. Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process There are 7 carpals in the cat; 8 in the human. The scaphoid and lunate are fused as the scapholunate in the cat. Lunate Scaphoid The human clavicle articulates with the sternum & scapula; the cat’s clavicle is reduced and does not articulate with other bones. Clavicle Fetal Skeleton Pig Human Nervous System Human Dura Mater of the Meninges *Photographs courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Feline Dura Mater of the Meninges Human Brain Mid-sagittal View *Photograph courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Human Sheep The human brain has two mammillary bodies; the sheep brain has one. Mammillary Body *Photograph courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Human Sheep Human Brain Tumor *Photographs courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Arbor vita in the cerebellum. Human Sheep The cat has 38 – 39 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 13, thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 7/8 caudal. Cauda Equina The human has 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 caudal. Cauda Equina Model of the human eye with the dark choroid layer. Sclera Optic Disc Choroid Layer Vitreous Body Iris & Pupil Lens The cow eye has an iridescent tapetum lucidum in the choroid. Choroid Layer Tapetum Lucidum Eyeshine Sclera Muscular System Pectoantebrachialis & xiphihumeralis are chest muscles in the cat. Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Pectoantebrachialis Clavodeltoid Xiphumeralis Posterior Anterior These muscles are missing in the human. Pectoralis Major Clavodeltoid, acromiodeltoid, & spinodeltoid in the cat. Clavodeltoid Acromiodeltoid Spinodeltoid There is one deltoid in the human. Deltoid Clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, & spinotrapezius are back muscles in the cat. Clavotrapezius Spinotrapezius Acromiotrapezius There is one trapezius muscle in the human. R & L Trapezius The levator scapulae ventralis is found in the cat but is missing in the human. Acromiotrapezius Levator Scapulae Ventralis Lateral View Caudofemoralis is found in the cat but not in the human. Gluteus Medius Caudofemoralis Gluteus Maximus Biceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis There is no caudofemoralis muscle in the human. Vastus Lateralis Tensor Fascia Latae Long Head Short Head Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Lateral View Thigh muscles in the human. Vastus Sartorius Medialis Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis The epitrochlearis muscle is found in the medial arm of the cat. Epitrochlearis There is no epitrochlearis in the human arm. Biceps Deltoid Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Long Medial Head Triceps Head Brachii Abdominal muscles in the cat. Transversus Abdominus Internal Oblique External Oblique Abdominal muscles in the human. Transversus Abdominus Internal Oblique External Oblique Ventral Body Cavity The ventral body cavity in the cat. Thorax Diaphragm Abdominopelvic The ventral body cavity in the human. Thorax Diaphragm Abdominopelvic Digestive System The greater omentum in the human and cat. Human Cat The stomach in the human and cat. Stomach Stomach Cat Human Pylorus Stomach Feeding Tube The stomach interior in the human and cat. Human Cat Rugae Roundworms found in the cat stomach The human liver has 4 lobes. R. & L. Lobes R. Lobe Gallbladder Quadrate & Caudate lobes are not pictured. L. Lobe The feline liver has 6 lobes. Gallbladder L. Medial Lobe L. Lateral Lobe Quadrate Lobe R. Medial Lobe Gallbladder L. Lateral Lobe Caudate Lobe R. Lateral Lobe The small intestine in the cat is approximately 120 cm long. Mesentery of the small intestine in the human and cat. Small Intestine Mesentery The cat cecum has no appendix. Large Intestine Cecum Small Intestine An appendix is found at the human cecum. Large Intestine Small Intestine Cecum Appendix Photograph courtesy of Mary Weis, D.V.M. The large intestine of the cat consists of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum. There is no sigmoid colon. Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Rectum The large intestine of the human consists of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Transverse Colon Descending Colon Ascending Colon Sigmoid Colon Cecum Small Intestine Rectum Appendix Photograph courtesy of Becky Brown. Circulatory System The pig heart has 2 branches off the aortic arch. Left Subclavian Artery Aortic Arch Brachiocephalic Artery Pulmonary Trunk There are 3 branches from the aortic arch in the human heart. L. Common Carotid Brachiocephalic L. Subclavian Artery Artery Aortic Arch Pulmonary Trunk Pacemaker Wires There is no common iliac artery in the cat. Posterior Vena Cava Abdominal Aorta External Iliac Vein External Iliac Artery Internal Iliac Artery There is a common iliac artery in the human. Common Iliac Artery External Iliac Vein Internal Iliac Artery External Iliac Artery Respiratory System Human epiglottis, larynx, thyroid gland, and trachea. Epiglottis Trachea Larynx Primary Thyroid Bronchus Gland * *Photograph courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Cat epiglottis, larynx, thyroid gland, and trachea. Epiglottis Larynx Thyroid Gland Trachea False Vocal Cords Human lungs have 5 lobes. Left Right Lung - Lung – 2 Lobes, 3 Lobes Superior Superior, & Inferior Middle, & Inferior Cats lungs have 7 lobes. Right Lobes – Left Lobes – Anterior, Medial, Anterior, Medial, Posterior, & Posterior Accessory Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system of the cat lacks paired seminal vesicles & the penis is ensheathed. Spermatic Cord Testis in Tunica Albuginea Penis The male reproductive system in the human has a pair of seminal vesicles. Testis Seminal Vesicle Female Reproductive System The female cat has a urogenital sinus. Young are borne in the uterine horns. Body of the Uterus Ovary Vagina Uterine Horn Urogenital Sinus Feline Embryos There are separate vaginal and urethral openings in the human female. Young develop in the body of the uterus. Ovary Fallopian Tube Body of Uterus Cervix Human Embryo 12 Weeks Old Human Fetus Human Fetus Urinary System The adrenal gland in the cat is medial to the kidney. Adrenal Gland Kidney Renal Vein The adrenal gland is anterior to the kidney in the human. Adrenal Gland Kidney Kidney disease Photograph courtesy of Anna E. Ross, Ph.D. Polycystic kidney Kidney Adenocarcinoma References Augur, Anne M. and Arthur F. Dalley. 2009. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, 12th Edition. Wolter Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Bohensky, Fred. 2002. PhotoManual & Dissection Guide. Cat with Sheep Heart Brain Eye. Square One Education Guides. Sebastiani, Aurora M. and Dale W. Fishbeck. 2005. Mammalian Anatomy – The Cat. Morton Publishing Company. Englewood, Colorado. Walker, Warren F. and Dominique G. Homberger. 1993. A Study of the Cat with Reference to Human Beings. Saunders College Publishing. Fort Worth, Texas. Wingerd, Bruce D. 2006. Cat Anatomy and Dissection Guide. Bluedoor. Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The Cat People from Dr. Who.
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