Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Spreads from Two Mushroom Varieties
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Optimization of Agro-Residues As Substrates for Pleurotus
Wu et al. AMB Expr (2019) 9:184 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-019-0907-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Optimization of agro-residues as substrates for Pleurotus pulmonarius production Nan Wu1†, Fenghua Tian1†, Odeshnee Moodley1, Bing Song1, Chuanwen Jia1, Jianqiang Ye2, Ruina Lv1, Zhi Qin3 and Changtian Li1* Abstract The “replacing wood by grass” project can partially resolve the confict between mushroom production and balancing the ecosystem, while promoting agricultural economic sustainability. Pleurotus pulmonarius is an economically impor- tant edible and medicinal mushroom, which is traditionally produced using a substrate consisting of sawdust and cottonseed hulls, supplemented with wheat bran. A simplex lattice design was applied to systemically optimize the cultivation of P. pulmonarius using agro-residues as the main substrate to replace sawdust and cottonseed hulls. The efects of difering amounts of wheat straw, corn straw, and soybean straw on the variables of yield, mycelial growth rate, stipe length, pileus length, pileus width, and time to harvest were demonstrated. Results indicated that a mix of wheat straw, corn straw, and soybean straw may have signifcantly positive efects on each of these variables. The high yield comprehensive formula was then optimized to include 40.4% wheat straw, 20.3% corn straw, 18.3% soybean straw, combined with 20.0% wheat bran, and 1.0% light CaCO3 (C/N 42.50). The biological efciency was 15.2% greater than that of the control. Most encouraging was the indication= that the high yield comprehensive formula may shorten the time to reach the reproductive stage by 6 days, compared with the control. -
Oyster Mushroom) Related with Its Chemical Composition: a Review on the Past Decade Findings
Biotechnological, nutritional and therapeutic uses of Pleurotus spp. (Oyster mushroom) related with its chemical composition: A review on the past decade findings Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêaa,b,c, Tatiane Brugnaric, Adelar Brachtc, Rosane Marina Peraltac, Isabel C.F.R. Ferreiraa,* aMountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. bCAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70.040-020, Brasília, DF, Brazil. cState University of Maringá, Department of Biochemistry, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira; e-mail: [email protected]; telephone +351-273-303219; fax +351-273-325405). 1 Abstract Background: The particular characteristics of growth and development of mushrooms in nature result in the accumulation of a variety of secondary metabolites, several of them with biological activities. The genus Pleurotus is a cosmopolitan group of mushrooms with high nutritional value and therapeutic properties, besides a wide array of biotechnological and environmental applications. Scope and approach: The present report aims to provide a critical review on aspects related to chemical compounds isolated from the genus Pleurotus with possible biotechnological, nutritional and therapeutic uses. Investigations on the genus have immensely accelerated during the last ten years, so that only reports published after 2005 have been considered. Key findings and conclusions: The most important Pleurotus species cultivated in large scale are P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. However, more than 200 species have already been investigated to various degrees. Both basidiomata and mycelia of Pleurotus are a great renewable and easily accessible source of functional foods/nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. -
Transcriptional and Enzymatic Profiling of Pleurotus Ostreatus
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Academica-e Transcriptional and Enzymatic Profiling of Pleurotus ostreatus Laccase Genes in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation Cultures Raúl Castanera,a Gúmer Pérez,a Alejandra Omarini,a Manuel Alfaro,a Antonio G. Pisabarro,a Vincenza Faraco,b,c Antonella Amore,b and Lucía Ramíreza Genetics and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Agrarian Production, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spaina; Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italyb; and School of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italyc The genome of the white rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus includes 12 phenol oxidase (laccase) genes. In this study, we ex- amined their expression profiles in different fungal strains under different culture conditions (submerged and solid cultures) Downloaded from and in the presence of a wheat straw extract, which was used as an inducer of the laccase gene family. We used a reverse tran- scription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)-based approach and focused on determining the reaction parameters (in particular, the reference gene set for the normalization and reaction efficiency determinations) used to achieve an accurate estimation of the relative gene expression values. The results suggested that (i) laccase gene transcription is upregulated in the induced submerged fermentation (iSmF) cultures but downregulated in the solid fermentation (SSF) cultures, (ii) the Lacc2 and Lacc10 genes are the main sources of laccase activity in the iSmF cultures upon induction with water-soluble wheat straw extracts, and (iii) an addi- tional, as-yet-uncharacterized activity (Unk1) is specifically induced in SSF cultures that complements the activity of Lacc2 and Lacc10. -
Gum Arabic: More Than an Edible Emulsifier
1 Gum Arabic: More Than an Edible Emulsifier Mariana A. Montenegro1, María L. Boiero1, Lorena Valle2 and Claudio D. Borsarelli2 1Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional- Facultad Regional Villa María, Córdoba 2Laboratorio de Cinética y Fotoquímica, Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA-CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero Argentina 1. Introduction Gum Arabic (GA) or Acacia gum is an edible biopolymer obtained as exudates of mature trees of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal which grow principally in the African region of Sahe in Sudan. The exudate is a non-viscous liquid, rich in soluble fibers, and its emanation from the stems and branches usually occurs under stress conditions such as drought, poor soil fertility, and injury (Williams & Phillips, 2000). The use of GA dates back to the second millennium BC when the Egyptians used it as an adhesive and ink. Throughout the time, GA found its way to Europe and it started to be called "gum arabic" because was exported from Arabian ports. Chemically, GA is a complex mixture of macromolecules of different size and composition (mainly carbohydrates and proteins). Today, the properties and features of GA have been widely explored and developed and it is being used in a wide range of industrial sectors such as textiles, ceramics, lithography, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, encapsulation, food, etc. Regarding food industry, it is used as a stabilizer, a thickener and/or an emulsifier agent (e.g., soft drink syrup, gummy candies and creams) (Verbeken et al., 2003). In the pharmaceutical industry, GA is used in pharmaceutical preparations and as a carrier of drugs since it is considered a physiologically harmless substance. -
Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Lactarius Scrobiculatus
Structural characterization and biological activity of Lactarius scrobiculatus Ivana Tomic Thesis for the Master´ degree in Pharmacy 45 study points Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF OSLO November/2018 II Structural characterization and biological activity of Lactarius scrobiculatus Thesis for Master´ degree in Pharmacy Department for Pharmaceutical chemistry School of Pharmacy Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University in Oslo Ivana Tomic November 2018 Supervisor: Anne Berit Samuelsen III © Author 2018 Structural characterization and biological activity of Lactarius scrobiculatus Ivana Tomic http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Acknowledgments The present thesis was carried out at the Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo (UiO), for the Master´s degree in Pharmacy at the University of Oslo. The other institute include Norwegian Centre of Molecular Medicine, where I have performed activity assay. First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor Anne Berit Samuelsen for hers support and guidance throughout my work and useful comments during the writing. Further, I also want to thank Hoai Thi Nguyen and Cristian Winther Wold for help with carrying out GC and GC-MS analysis. Also, I am very thankful to Karl Malterud for help with NMR analysis. Special thanks to Suthajini Yogarajah for her patience and lab support. I would also like to thank to Kari Inngjerdingen for good and helpful Forskningforberedende kurs. My gratitude goes also to Prebens Morth group at NMCC, special to Julia Weikum and Bojana Sredic, who were always kind and helpful. Finally, I would like to express my fabulous thanks to my wonderful parents, my husband and my four sons for their great patience, sacrifice, moral support and encouragement during my master thesis. -
(Acacia Senegal, (L.) Willd) Plantation on Yield of Some Traditional Field Crops in Southern Darfur
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KhartoumSpace The Effect of Spacing of Hashab (Acacia senegal, (L.) Willd) Plantation on Yield of some Traditional Field Crops in Southern Darfur. BY Mustafa Abdalla Nasreldin B.Sc. (Agriculture), University of Zagazig (Egypt), 1990 M.Sc. Forestry, University of Khartoum, 1996 A Thesis Submitted to University of Khartoum in Fulfillment of the Requirements for Ph. D. (Forestry) Agroforestry. Supervisor Professor Dr. Salah Eldin Goda Hussein Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry University of Khartoum December 2004 i Dedication To the soul of my father. To my mother and to my family. With deep love and respect, for their patience and encouragement. ii Acknowledgement I wish to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Professor Dr. Salah Eldin Goda Hussein for his close and helpful supervision. My thanks also due to the Director of Forestry Research Center (ARC) Prof. Ahmed Ali Salih and to the Co-ordinator of Gum Arabic Research Dr. Mohammed Mukhtar Balal for their financial support to accomplish the fieldwork of this research. My special thanks are due to my colleagues and the staff of Nyala Research Station for their help particularly Mohamed Salah Eldin Mohmamed for his help in introducing the digital pictures in the computer and editing the figures and Amna Ibrahim Elzein for typing assistance . I am really indebted to the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) and to The National Training Administration on behalf of the government of the Sudan who offered me the opportunity of the study. And finally, my thanks and prayers to Allah for completion of this study. -
Factors Affecting the Quality of Acacia Senegal Gums
Factors affecting the quality of Acacia senegal gums Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Hamouda, Yasir Citation Hamouda, Y. (2017). Factors affecting the quality of Acacia senegal gums. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Chester, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Chester Download date 04/10/2021 01:43:40 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620895 Factors affecting the quality of Acacia senegal gums Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Chester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Yasir Hamouda April 2017 DECLARATION The material being presented for examination is my own work and has not been submitted for an award of this or another HEI except in minor particulars which are explicitly noted in the body of the thesis. Where research pertaining to the thesis was undertaken collaboratively, the nature and extent of my individual contribution has been made explicit. Signed …………………………………………………(Candidate) Date……………………………………………………… ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following ñ Prof. S. Al-Assaf for supervision, advice, help and encouragement. ñ Prof. G. O. Phillips for his support and help. ñ The members of Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Centre in Glyndwr University. ñ The members of Glyndwr University. ñ The members of University of Chester. ñ The members of Sudanese National Forestry Corporation. ñ My family for their encouragement and support. iii Abstract Gum arabic is a natural gummy exudate from acacia trees and exhibits natural built-in variations commonly associated with hydrocolloids. This study is concerned with the determination of factors which could influence its properties and functionality. -
Gum Arabic: a Case Study of Nigeria
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ROUND TABLE: THE ECONOMICS OF GUM ARABIC IN AFRICA 27 April 2018, Geneva The economic, social and environmental relevance of gum arabic with a focus on the major challenges and opportunities for producing countries of Africa: A case study of Nigeria By Tunde Mustapha Minister, Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD. THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RELEVANCE OF GUM ARABIC WITH A FOCUS ON THE MAJOR CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRODUCING COUNTRIES OF AFRICA: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA. 2 • Land area: 923 Million square NIGERIA IN km. CONTEXT • Population: 190 million, 2.5% annual growth • Economy: GDP of about $500b, Largest economy in Africa • GDP per Capital: $2,376 • Main Resources: Oil, Gas, Cocoa, Rubber etc. 3 GUM ARABIC • Gum Arabic “desert gold of Africa” is the dried exudates obtained from stems and branches of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd or closely related species of Acacia that belong to the family Fabaceae. • The species adapted naturally to the hot, dry and barren regions of Africa particularly in areas along the southern frontiers of Sahara desert including Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Chad and Sudan 4 STATUS❖In Nigeria OF estimated GUM ARABIC hectarage PRODUCTIONof gum Arabic IN both NIGERIA cultivated and the wild form (forest reserves) is put at 2.5 million (ha)while the cultivated type comprising of government and private holdings sum up to 12,050.4ha ❖In most states Acacia Senegal occurs along side other gum producing Acacias such as A seyal, ❖ This biodiversity is reminiscent of centres of origin which often constitute centres of biodiversities. -
Bioactive Compounds and Medicinal Properties of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus Sp.)
FOLIA HORTICULTURAE Folia Hort. 30(2), 2018, 191-201 Published by the Polish Society DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2018-0012 for Horticultural Science since 1989 REVIEW Open access www.foliahort.ogr.ur.krakow.pl Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.) Iwona Golak-Siwulska, Alina Kałużewicz*, Tomasz Spiżewski, Marek Siwulski, Krzysztof Sobieralski Department of Vegetable Crops Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences Dąbrowskiego 159, Poznań, Poland ABSTRACT There are about 40 species in the Pleurotus genus, including those with high economic significance, i.e. P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms are of high nutritional and health- promoting value. In addition, many species belonging to the Pleurotus genus have been used as sources of substances with documented medicinal properties, such as high-molecular weight bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, peptides and proteins) and low-molecular weight compounds (terpenoids, fatty acid esters and polyphenols). The bioactive substances contained in the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus species exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-oxidative properties. Their multidirectional positive influence on the human organism is the result of interaction of bioactive substances. Extracts from individual Pleurotus species can be used for the production of dietary supplements increasing the organism’s immunity. -
Gum Arabic for Food Application
Gum Arabic for Food Application Dairy products Gum Arabic is added to milk and milk products to produce the desired dish or beverage. This includes applications where Gum Arabic is used to suspend the ingredients and impart richness and body to the drink. In this field Gum Arabic is used as an excellent binder of water and as stabilizer. It is applied in the production of ice cream, liquid milk products, sherbets and other products. The addition of Gum Arabic prevents the formation of ice crystals by combining with large quantities of water. The proper amount of milk or cream is mixed with Gum Arabic, then the mixture is heated mildly, poured into molds, cooled and packed. Confectionery products Gum Arabic functions in confections as an emulsifier, sugar crystallization control agent, bulking agent, and film former. In caramels and toffee products, Gum Arabic is emulsification properties aid in the reduction of fat droplet size distribution thus providing stability to the product. It is the recognized preferred natural ingredient for the production of high quality and reduced calories soft candies. Moreover it is an excellent flavor carrier and is used by formulations for the imparting of a clean, long-lasting fresh taste. Gum Arabic is used to emulsify the flavor oils or fats in confections or to retard crystallization in high sucrose confections. Bakery products Gum Arabic is widely used for glossy coatings, sealing of baked goods and effecting binding. Even small quantities of Gum Arabic added to the dough increase the yield, give greater resiliency, improve texture and give longer shelf life. -
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Four Brazilian Commercial Isolates of Pleurotus Spp
397 Vol.53, n. 2: pp. 397-408, March-April 2010 BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Morphological and Molecular Identification of four Brazilian Commercial Isolates of Pleurotus spp. and Cultivation on Corncob Nelson Menolli Junior 1,2*,Tatiane Asai 1, Marina Capelari 1 and Luzia Doretto Paccola- 3 Meirelles 1Instituto de Botânica; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia; C. P. 3005; 01061-970; São Paulo - SP - Brasil. 2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia; Rua Pedro Vicente 625; Canindé; 01109-010; São Paulo - SP - Brasil. 3 Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Departamento de Biologia Geral; C. P. 6001; 86051-990; Londrina - PR - Brasil ABSTRACT The species of Pleurotus have great commercial importance and adaptability for growth and fructification within a wide variety of agro-industrial lignocellulosic wastes. In this study, two substrates prepared from ground corncobs supplemented with rice bran and charcoal were tested for mycelium growth kinetics in test tubes and for the cultivation of four Pleurotus commercial isolates in polypropylene bags. The identification of the isolates was based on the morphology of the basidiomata obtained and on sequencing of the LSU rDNA gene. Three isolates were identified as P. ostreatus , and one was identified as P. djamor . All isolates had better in-depth mycelium development in the charcoal-supplemented substrate. In the cultivation experiment, the isolates reacted differently to the two substrates. One isolate showed particularly high growth on the substrate containing charcoal. Key words : charcoal, edible mushroom cultivation, molecular analysis, taxonomy INTRODUCTION sugarcane bagasse, banana skins, corn residues, grass, sawdust, rice and wheat straw, banana The genus Pleurotus (Fr.) P. -
Effect of Oral Administration of Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Seeds, Gum Arabic and Wild Mushroom on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens
International Scholars Journals International Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ISSN: 2169-303X Vol. 5 (3), pp. 200-208, March, 2016. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Full Length Research Paper Effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds, gum arabic and wild mushroom on growth performance of broiler chickens Nuguba Festus*, Sagbodje G. Bright, J. E. Orile and Fajenu Anita Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Accepted 22 February, 2016 In Nigeria, antibiotics are administered in poultry drinking water for prevention or control of bacterial contamination and to promote growth performance and health of birds. However, these antibiotics have negative effects and this has led to the search for safe and natural alternatives (like photogenic plants products and medicinal mushrooms) to reduce the continuous use of antibiotics in poultry to promote health and nutrition. In this study, the effect of oral administration of different levels of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seed, Gum arabic and wild mushroom (Ganoderma sp) and their combination on performance characteristics of broiler chickens were evaluated in comparison with antibiotic. Commercial hybrid (Marshal) broiler chicks were procured at day-old from a hatchery in Nigeria and brooded together for the first one week of age to acclimatise. On day 7, the birds were randomly distributed into different treatment groups, T1 - T8 (10 chicks per group) in duplicates. Group T1 = represent broiler chicks administered orally with Moringa seed aqueous extract, T2 = Gum arabic, T3 = wild Ganoderma, T4 = Moringa seed + Gum arabic, T5 = Moringa seed + wild Ganoderma, T6 = Gum arabic + wild Ganoderma, T7 = Moringa seed + Gum arabic + wild Ganoderma, T8 = antibiotic only as control for comparison.