Gendered Perspectives
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The Case for Stronger Regulation of Environmental Marketing
University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship Summer 2020 Greenwashing No More: The Case for Stronger Regulation of Environmental Marketing Robin M. Rotman Chloe J. Gossett Hope D. Goldman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/facpubs Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Marketing Law Commons 08. ALR 72.3_ROTMAN (ARTICLE) (DO NOT DELETE) 8/22/2020 11:30 PM GREENWASHING NO MORE: THE CASE FOR STRONGER REGULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING ROBIN M. ROTMAN*, CHLOE J. GOSSETT**, AND HOPE D. GOLDMAN*** Fraudulent and deceptive environmental claims in marketing (sometimes called “greenwashing”) are a persistent problem in the United States, despite nearly thirty years of efforts by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prevent it. This Essay focuses on a recent trend in greenwashing—fraudulent “organic” claims for nonagricultural products, such as home goods and personal care products. We offer three recommendations. First, we suggest ways that the FTC can strengthen its oversight of “organic” claims for nonagricultural products and improve coordination with the USDA. Second, we argue for inclusion of guidelines for “organic” claims in the next revision of the FTC’s Guidelines for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (often referred to as the “Green Guides”), which the FTC is scheduled to revise in 2022. Finally, we assert that the FTC should formalize the Green Guides as binding regulations, rather than their current form as nonbinding interpretive guidance, as the USDA has done for the National Organic Program (NOP) regulations. This Essay concludes that more robust regulatory oversight of “organic” claims, together with efforts by the FTC to prevent other forms of greenwashing, will ultimately bolster demand for sustainable products and incentivize manufacturers to innovate to meet this demand. -
The Impact of Matriarchal Traditions on the Advancement of Ashanti Women in Ghana Karen Mcgee
The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Listening to the Voices: Multi-ethnic Women in School of Education Education 2015 The mpI act of Matriarchal Traditions on the Advancement of Ashanti Women in Ghana Karen McGee Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.usfca.edu/listening_to_the_voices Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation McGee, Karen (2015). The mpI act of Matriarchal Traditions on the Advancement of Ashanti Women in Ghana. In Betty Taylor (Eds.), Listening to the Voices: Multi-ethnic Women in Education (p. 1-10). San Francisco, CA: University of San Francisco. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Education at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Listening to the Voices: Multi-ethnic Women in Education by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Impact of Matriarchal Traditions on the Advancement of Ashanti Women in Ghana Karen McGee What is the impact of a matriarchal tradition and the tradition of an African queenmothership on the ability of African women to advance in political, educational, and economic spheres in their countries? The Ashanti tribe of the Man people is the largest tribe in Ghana; it is a matrilineal society. A description of the precolonial matriarchal tradition among the Ashanti people of Ghana, an analysis of how the matriarchal concept has evolved in more contemporary governments and political situations in Ghana, and an analysis of the status of women in modern Ghana may provide some insight into the impact of the queenmothership concept. -
World Fertility and Family Planning 2020: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/440)
World Fertility and Family Planning 2020 Highlights ST/ESA/SER.A/440 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division World Fertility and Family Planning 2020 Highlights United Nations New York, 2020 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs provides the international community with timely and accessible population data and analysis of population trends and development outcomes for all countries and areas of the world. To this end, the Division undertakes regular studies of population size and characteristics and of all three components of population change (fertility, mortality and migration). Founded in 1946, the Population Division provides substantive support on population and development issues to the United Nations General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Population and Development. It also leads or participates in various interagency coordination mechanisms of the United Nations system. -
Women in the History and Culture of Ghana
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. 14 IN TEE HISTORY MD OJIJKTRE OF GEU85TA Agnes Akosua Aidoo* Unhappily, a proper history of Ghana, that is, xme showing the position, role anci oon.tribution of women to the development of the country, has yet to be written. Standard works by historians and other social scientists,..of the country show very little appreciation for women who in the past participated in the events #iich shaped our history. The present paper is a brief summary of a larger study (now in progress) on the lives and activities of some of Ghana's women in our recent past. $p. attempt has been made to present a general picture of women in the social, economic, and political spheres of traditional life b&foi?^British: rule and culture were forced upon the ••"•• • '•&*•• —— . peoples of the GoJA Coast. Where possible, contrasts have been drawi between the Akan and other women like the Ga, Ewe, Dagomba, Gonja and so on. But most of the illustrations have been taken from the Akan because, in the first place, they fom over 4-tyi of Ghana1 s, total population (the largest single ethnic group), and their historical development affected the lives of virtually all other groups. Secondly, the historical data on Akan women is very rich and more easily accessible to the researcher. -
Gender in Oil, Gas and Mining an Overview of the Global State-Of-Play
The Extractive Industries and Society 7 (2020) 380–388 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Extractive Industries and Society journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/exis Gender in oil, gas and mining: An overview of the global state-of-play T ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This special section of the Extractive Industries and Society brings together a collection of papers on gender and the Gender gaps extractive industries. These papers were developed from presentations delivered at the international conference, Extractives Gender in Oil, Gas and Mining: New Frontiers of Progress, Challenges and Solutions, held at World Bank headquarters SGBV in Washington DC, June 2018. The section presents work which seeks to address gender gaps in oil, gas and Artisanal mining mining. It includes papers that examine gender in the context of the Extractives Industries Transparency Gender equality Initiative (EITI); traceability schemes for tin, tantalum and tungsten (otherwise known as the “3Ts”) and gold; and national policies on extractives. 1. Introduction in the extractive industries while simultaneously highlighting geo- graphic differences. In June 2018, the World Bank Group hosted its first global gender in This introductory paper opens with a description and analysis of the the extractives conference. The event, Gender in Oil, Gas and Mining: current state-of-play of gender in oil, gas and mining. First, we describe New Frontiers of Progress, Challenges and Solutions, was exceptional, not the framework for understanding and organizing the issues facing wo- only because of the range of participants involved and breadth of topics men's progress in these industries, and then illustrate by way of quan- covered but more so because the World Bank Group had never hosted titative and qualitative data the state of gender gaps. -
Learning from Feed the Future Programs About Gender Integration and Women's Empowerment
Learning from Feed the Future Programs about Gender Integration and Women’s Empowerment COMPILED CASE SUBMISSIONS APRIL 2016 Learning from Feed the Future Programs about Gender Integration and Women’s Empowerment Compiled Case Submissions April 2016 The case studies in the following pages were solicited from Feed the Future partners through a Call for Cases about Feed the Future Learning on Gender Integration and Women’s Empowerment, released in April 2016.1 Feed the Future partners submitted twenty cases spanning ten different countries. The cases were ranked and chosen according to the quality of the data, the compelling nature of the story, demonstration of learning, and diversity of representation in terms of geography and type of intervention. While the majority of information in the Cultivating Women’s Empowerment: Stories from Feed the Future 2011-2015 came from these twenty cases, it was not possible to include everything. In the spirit of learning and transparency, all of the original case submissions are compiled here and are available for download on USAID’s Agrilinks website. They are a complimentary piece to the publication and showcase the broader set of activities happening around gender integration and women’s empowerment in Feed the Future programs. The cases are organized alphabetically by region and by country. 1 See the Call for Cases here: https://agrilinks.org/blog/call-cases-feed-future-programs-learning- gender-integration-and-women%E2%80%99s-empowerment. Table of Contents Asia 1 Bangladesh 1. Cereals Systems Initiative for South Asia in Bangladesh (CSISA-BD), submitted by CIMMYT 2 Latin America and the Caribbean 4 Haiti 2. -
Opening the “Black Box”. Factors Affecting Women's Journey to Top
administrative sciences Article Opening the “Black Box”. Factors Affecting Women’s Journey to Top Management Positions: A Framework Applied to Chile Katherina Kuschel 1,*,† and Erica Salvaj 2,† 1 Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo Académico, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile 2 School of Economics and Business, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7550000, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-952-580-035 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 14 September 2018; Accepted: 19 October 2018; Published: 20 October 2018 Abstract: The issue of women’s participation in top management and boardroom positions has received increasing attention in the academic literature and the press. However, the pace of advancement for women managers and directors continues to be slow and uneven. The novel framework of this study organizes the factors at the individual, organizational and public policy level that affect both career persistence and the advancement of women in top management positions; namely, factors affecting (1) career persistence (staying at the organization) and (2) career advancement or mobility (getting promoted within the organization). In the study location, Chile, only 32 percent of women “persist”, or have a career without interruptions, mainly due to issues with work–family integration and organizational environments with opaque and challenging working conditions. Women who “advanced” in their professional careers represent 30 percent of high management positions in the public sector and 18 percent in the private sector. Only 3 percent of general managers in Chile are women. Women in Chile have limited access and are still not integrated into business power networks. -
What Men Have to Do with It | Executive Summary 4
what menhave to do with it Public Policies to Promote Gender Equality coordinated by the International Center for Research on Women and Instituto Promundo ABOUT THE MEN AND GENDER EQUALITY POLICY PROJECT The Men and Gender Equality Policy Project (MGEPP), coordinated by Instituto Promundo and the International Center for Research on Women, is a multi-year effort to build the evidence base on how to change public institutions and policies to better foster gender equality and to raise awareness among policymakers and program planners of the need to involve men in health, development and gender equality issues. Project activities include: (1) a multi-country policy research and analysis presented in this publication; (2) the International Men and Gender Equality Survey, or IMAGES, a quantitative household survey carried out with men and women in six countries in 2009, with additional countries implementing the survey in 2010 and thereafter; (3) the “Men who Care” study consisting of in-depth qualitative life history interviews with men in five countries, and (4) advocacy efforts and dissemination of the findings from these components via various formats, including a video produced by documentary filmmaker Rahul Roy. Participating countries in the project, as of 2009, include Brazil, Chile, Croatia, India, Mexico, South Africa, and Tanzania. The project’s multiple research components aim to provide policymakers with practical strategies for engaging men in relevant policy areas, particularly in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, gender-based violence, fatherhood and maternal and child health, and men’s own health needs. PHOTO CREDITS cover (left to right): © Ping-hang Chen, Influential Men; © Richard Lewisohn, Influential Men; (top right) © Marie Swartz, Influential Men; Shana Pereira/ICRW back cover: © Sophie Joy Mosko, Influential Men what menhave to do with it Public Policies to Promote Gender Equality AUTHORS: CONTENTS: Gary Barker Margaret E. -
Transnational Media Articulations of Ghanaian Women: Mapping Shifting Returnee
Transnational Media Articulations of Ghanaian Women: Mapping Shifting Returnee Identities in an Online Web Series A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Benedine Azanu April 2017 © 2017 Benedine Azanu. All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Transnational Media Articulations of Ghanaian Women: Mapping Shifting Returnee Identities in an Online Web Series by BENEDINE AZANU has been approved for the School of Media Arts & Studies and the Scripps College of Communication Steve Howard Professor of Media Arts and Studies Scott Titsworth Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii Abstract AZANU, BENEDINE, Ph.D., April 2017, Media Arts and Studies Transnational Media Articulations of Ghanaian Women: Mapping Shifting Returnee Identities in an Online Web Series Director of Dissertation: Steve Howard This study examines returnee African women’s identity articulations in the web series An African City. Specifically, the research focuses on the appropriation of a U.S. popular cultural text perceived as more powerful by a Ghanaian producer in the creation of counter-discourses, cultural spaces, and identities in alternative media. Using multi- theoretical lenses – a framework of in-betweeness - the study is grounded in the theory of articulation to examine how the web series An African City uses Sex And The City in response to Western monolithic representations of African women. A social constructivist framework that considers identities as shifting subjectivities are interrogated through the theoretical lenses of transnational postcolonial feminism, using a framework of in- betweeness informed by hybridity and conviviality as intempestivity. -
Green Brand of Companies and Greenwashing Under Sustainable Development Goals
sustainability Article Green Brand of Companies and Greenwashing under Sustainable Development Goals Tetyana Pimonenko 1, Yuriy Bilan 2,* , Jakub Horák 3 , Liudmyla Starchenko 4 and Waldemar Gajda 5 1 Department of Marketing, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Management, University of Social Sciences, 90–113 Lodz, Poland 3 School of Expertness and Valuation, The Institute of Technology and Business in Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice, Okružní 517/10, 37001 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Czech Republic; [email protected] 4 Department of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Business Administration, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine; [email protected] 5 Warsaw Management School-Graduate and Postgraduate School, Siedmiogrodzka 3A, 01204 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 21 February 2020; Published: 24 February 2020 Abstract: Implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and increasing environmental issues provokes changes in consumers’ and stakeholders’ behavior. Thus, stakeholders try to invest in green companies and projects; consumers prefer to buy eco-friendly products instead of traditional ones; and consumers and investors refuse to deal with unfair green companies. In this case, the companies should quickly adapt their strategy corresponding to the new trend of transformation from overconsumption to green consumption. This process leads to increasing the frequency of using greenwashing as an unfair marketing instrument to promote the company’s green achievements. Such companies’ behavior leads to a decrease in trust in the company’s green brand from the green investors. Thus, the aim of the study is to check the impact of greenwashing on companies’ green brand. -
Publicized Private Action As the Anti-Greenwashing Mechanism in Modern Society
Is Twitter the New FTC and EPA? Publicized Private Action as the Anti-Greenwashing Mechanism in Modern Society CLAIRE FISCHER* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................. 315 I. Background ............................................. 316 II. Current Regulation and Enforcement Efforts ..................... 319 A. Federal Regulation and Enforcement ....................... 319 1. Federal Trade Commission .......................... 319 2. Environmental Protection Agency ..................... 320 3. Food & Drug Administration ........................ 321 4. U.S. Department of Agriculture ....................... 322 B. State Regulation and Enforcement ........................ 323 C. Nongovernmental Enforcement .......................... 324 D. private right of action for competing companies ... 324 III. Analysis ............................................... 325 A. Greenwashing Enforcement: then and Now . 325 1. Executive Action Trending Away from Environmental Protection ...................................... 326 2. Disempowerment of Federal Agencies ... 327 B. Use Of Private Lawsuits To Pick Up The Government's Slack . 328 1. The (Not So) Honest Co.: The Reward of Private Action . 328 2. La Croix: The Risk of Private Action ... 330 3. Common Law as a Gap Filler (and Nudge) for Federal Regulation ...................................... 331 IV. Conclusion ............................................. 332 INTRODUCTION Consumers are using their wallets to enact environmental and social change, now more than -
The Influence of Traditional Gender Roles and Power Relations on Women and Girls' Education and Health in Northern Ghana
The Influence of Traditional Gender Roles and Power Relations on Women and Girls’ Education and Health in Northern Ghana Zitha Ngulube Thesis for B.A. degree International Studies in Education The Influence of Traditional Gender Roles and Power Relations on Women and Girls’ Education and Health in Northern Ghana Zitha Ngulube Thesis for B.A. degree in International Studies in Education Supervisor: Annadís Greta Rúdólfsdóttir Cynthia Trililani Education Studies University of Iceland School of Education June, 2018 The influence of traditional gender roles and power relations on women and girls’ education and health in Northern Ghana. This thesis satisfies 10 credits towards a B.A. in International Studies in Education, Faculty of Education Studies University of Iceland School of Education © Zitha Ngulube, 2018 This thesis may not be copied in any form without author permission. Printed by: Háskólaprent Reykjavik, 2018 3 Abstract An educated and healthy woman is a key contributor to the community and national development; however, women in Northern Ghana face challenges in these two areas due to gender inequalities. This thesis examines the influence of gender inequality amongst these rural women and girls through an analysis of the intersecting social relations of gender and poverty. The literature review shows that girls are denied access to basic education, and women struggle to access health services and decent work and together they are victims of discrimination. Women are also sidelined when it comes to the decision- making of essential issues. Thus, the central argument is that the deeply rooted inequalities that affect women and girls' access to education and healthcare facilities are a result of inherent gender roles and power relations that emanate from the male-dominated social and cultural structures.