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Ein Beitrag Zur Kenntnis Der Algenflora Tirols Von © Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Innsbruck; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ber. nat.-med. Ver. Innsbruck Band 56 S. 177—354 Innsbruck, Dez. 1968 Festschr. Steinbock Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Algenflora Tirols von Hans ETTL (Brezova n. Svit., Tschechoslowakei) (Aus der Alpinen Forschungsstelle Obergurgl der Universität Innsbruck; Vorstand: Univ-Prof. Dr. W. HEISSEL) On the algal flora of Tyrol. ETTL. H.: A contribution to the knowledge of the algal flora of Tyrol. Synopsis: Interesting, little known and new flagellates and algae (exclu- ding diatoms and desmids) from the small waters and peat-bogs in the environment of Innsbruck, Seefeld, Obergurgl and Kühtai (700, 1200, 2000 and 2300 m. a. s. 1.) are described and pictured. The morphology and taxonomy of the taxa is discussed and compared with the data of other authors. Most of the taxa were observed and drawn in living stage im- mediately after collection. The following new taxa are described in this paper: Chromuline suprama var. gracilis, Chrysocoecus diaphanus var. ellipsoideus, Lepochromulina calyx fo. cylindrica, Arthrochrysis gracilis, Chrysopyxis pitschmannii, Heliochrysis eradians var. stigmatica, Gloeo- botrys sphagnophila, Qloeobotrys bichlorus, Characiopsis ambrosiana, Cryptomonas erosa var. lobata, Cryptomonas rapa, Cryptomonas pusilla var. bilata, Cryptomonas spinifera, Carteria reisiglii, CMamydomonas pumilio var. ovoidea, Chlamydomonas obergurglii, CMamydomonas muci- pkila, Chlamydomonas daucijormis, Chlamydomonas chlorastera, Sphaerel- locystis pollens, Sphaerellocystis globosa fo. minor Acrochasma uncum fo. apodum, Characium ornithocephalum var. longiseta, Elakatothrix gloeo- cystiformis var. ovalis. 12 Steinbock 177 © Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Innsbruck; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung 178 Dank 180 Beschreibung der Biotope 180 Die Arten 185 Chrysophyceae 185 1. Chrysomonadales 185 2. Rhizochrysidales 208 3. Chrysocapsales 218 4. Chrysosphaerales 221 5. Phaeothamniales 221 Xanthophyceae 222 1. Rhizochloridales 222 2. Heterogloeales 224 3. Mischococcales 224 4. Heterotrichales 248 Cryptophyceae 254 1. Cryptomonadales 254 Dinophyceae 260 Euglenales 262 Chlorophyceae 269 1. Volvocales 269 2. Tetrasporales 302 3. Chlorococcales 312 4. Ulotrichales 338 Literaturverzeichnis 349 Einleitung Die Moore und Kleingewässer, vor allem jene der Gebirge, gehören wohl zu den interessantesten Gewässertypen, weil in solchen oft sehr formenreiches Algenmaterial vorkommt. Der ziemlich einseitige Chemismus, dabei sei vor allem auf die Humin- stoffe hingewiesen, bedingt das Auftreten einer großen Anzahl von Arten, die anders- wo nicht zu finden sind. Viele der in Sphagneten, Mooren und anderen dystrophen Kleingewässern vorkommenden Algen sind kosmopolitisch verbreitet, so daß die Möglichkeit besteht auch die Variationsbreite und Änderung, die durch verschiedene Einflüsse bedingt sind, in verschiedensten Proben zu verfolgen. Dies bezieht sich natürlich vor allem auf die häufigsten Arten, wie z. B. Gloeodinium montanum, Chlorobotrys polychloris, Asterococcus superbus, Eremosphaera viridis u. ä., abgesehen von den vielen Desmidiaceen, die auch in jeder fixierten Probe identifiziert werden können. Der Großteil solcher Gewässer ist zwar durch Blaualgen, Diatomeen und Desmidiaceen gekennzeichnet, aber man darf nicht vergessen, daß gerade in solchem Algengemisch viele zarte Arten auftreten, die wegen ihrer großen Empfindlichkeit durch Fixation verloren gehen. Und es sind gerade solche, die auch diese Gewässer- typen mitcharakterisieren und ohne deren Kenntnis die Angaben unvollkommen sind. Deswegen wird in letzter Zeit diesen Algen große Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet und man ist bestrebt, diese gleich an Ort und Stelle oder jedenfalls möglichst bald nach dem Einsammehl im lebenden Zustand zu untersuchen. Daß die Formenfülle 178 © Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Innsbruck; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at der zarten Algen und auch der Flagellaten groß ist, braucht wohl nicht betont zu wer- den. Wie andere Autoren festgestellt haben und meine eigenen Erfahrungen bestäti- gen, scheinen besonders die hochgelegenen Moore noch viele interessante, wenig bekannte und auch völlig neue Organismen zu beherbergen, deren Bau und Lebens- weise zu wenig erforscht sind. Die Algenflora der hochgelegenen Moore und Klein- gewässer ist bestimmt nicht artenarm im Vergleich zu solchen Gewässern in der Ebene. Im Gegenteil, oft können extremere Standortsbedingungen eine besonders formenreiche und interessante Artenfülle hervorbringen. Abgesehen davon, daß durch die kosmopolitische Verbreitung in den Gebirgsmooren auch Arten vorkommen kön- nen, die aus den Mooren niederer Lagen beschrieben wurden. Funde der letzten Zeit zeigen, daß z. B. Arten, die KoESCHIKOFF aus den Mooren der Ukraine beschrieben hat, auch im Hochgebirge beobachtet wurden. Weil die zarten Formen der Kleingewässer gegen jede Änderung des Milieus sehr empfindlich sind, ist vorläufig auch jede Kultivation schwierig, wenn nicht unmöglich. So ist dann jeder Fund im Freiland von besonderem Wert, um den Variabüitäts- bereich, den Zellbau, die Entwicklung und Fortpflanzung wie auch den Einfluß von Standortsbedingungen auf die einzelnen Arten kennen zu lernen. Neue Entdeckungen über die Morphologie, Zytologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der einzelnen Formen können dann wieder das so erstrebte phylogenetische System ergänzen helfen und den Bauplan der einzelnen Gruppen präzisieren. Deshalb habe ich die Einladung zur Untersuchung der Tiroler Kleingewässer mit großer Freude angenommen. Weil aber die alpinen Algen, vor allem Gruppen, die in fixiertem Zustand identifiziert werden können, gut bekannt sind, habe ich mich nur den wenig bekannten und auch den zarten Formen, die im lebenden Zustand untersucht werden müssen, zugewandt. Dieser Beitrag ist bei weitem keine floristische oder monographische Bearbeitung des untersuchten Gebietes, weil nur ein kleiner Teil der formenreichen Algenflora fest- gehalten wurde. Der Aufenthalt war zu kurz, als daß ich die verschiedensten Gewässer eingehend studieren hätte können; auch habe ich die Proben weder systematisch noch in bestimmten zeitlichen Intervallen entnommen. Es handelt sich eher um Stich- proben, die sich auf einige an Algen reichhaltigere Gewässer bezogen. Aber schon bei diesen räumlich und zeitlich beschränkten Probenentnahmen habe ich so viel interessantes Material gefunden, das einer näheren Untersuchung wert war, daß der Beitrag zu solchem Umfang anwuchs. Außerdem waren in den Proben mehrere wenig bekannte Arten und sogar auch einige neue Taxa vorhanden. Als neu wurden beschrie- ben: Chromulina suprema var. graoilis nov. var., Chrysococcus diaphanus var. ellipsoi- deus nov. var., Lepockromulina calyx fo. cylindrica nov. fo., Arihrochrysis gracilis nov. sp., Chrysopyxis pitschmannii nov. sp., Heliochrysis eradians var. stigmatica nov. var., Gloeobotrys sphagnophila nov. sp., Gloeobotrys bichlorus nov. sp., Characiopsis ambrosiana nov. sp., Cryptomonas erosa var. lobata nov. var., Cryptomonas rapa nov. sp., Cryptomonas pusilla var. bilata nov. var., Cryptomonas spinifera nov. sp., Carteria reisiglii nov. sp., Chlamydomonas pumilio var. ovoidea nov. var., Chlamydomonas obergurglii nov. sp., Chlamydomonas muciphila nov. sp., Chlamydomonas dauciformis 12» 179 © Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Innsbruck; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at nov. sp., Chlamydomonas chlorastera nov. sp., Sphaerellocystis pollens nov. sp., Sphaerellocystis globosa fo. minor nov. fo., Acrochasma uncum fo. apodum nov. fo., Characium orniihocephalum var. hngiseta nov. var., Elakatothrix gloeocystiformis var. ovalis nov. var. Der Großteil der hier beschriebenen und angeführten Taxa wurde abgebildet, um einerseits eventuelle Abweichungen vom Typus oder Details des Bauplanes zu zeigen, andererseits aber auch um weiteren algologischen Untersuchun- gen des Gebietes eine Hilfe zu bieten. Um klarzulegen, nach welchen Bestimmungs- werken oder nach welcher algologischen Spezialliteratur die einzelnen Sippen bestimmt oder verglichen wurden, ist bei jeder besprochenen Form eine kurze Zitation angeführt, die auf das reiche Literaturverzeichnis am Schluß verweist. Funde, die mit den Literaturangaben völlig übereinstimmen, und die schon anderswo klar abgebildet wurden, habe ich nur ganz kurz und ohne Abbildung angeführt. Dank Mir wäre es nicht möglich gewesen, diese Arbeit zu vollbringen, hätte mich nicht die Univer- sität Innsbruck nach Tirol eingeladen und mir vielfache Unterstützung geboten. Ich übergebe diese Publikation der einladenden Institution, der Alpinen Forsehungsstelle Obergurgl der Universität Innsbruck, mit dem Gefühl wärmsten Dankes. Meinen Freunden, Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hans PITSCHMANN und Herrn Univ.-Doz. Dr. Herbert REISIGL bin ich für ihre Mühe und die so nette Gastfreundschaft innigst ver- bunden. Der Arbeitsplatz am Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Universität Innsbruck wurde mir gütigst von Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Walter LARCHER, der Arbeitsplatz an der Limnolo- gischen Station Kühtai vom Institut für Zoologie der Universität Innsbruck (Vorstand: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heinz JANETSCHEK; verantwortlicher Assistent: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Roland PECHLANBR), der in Obergurgl von der dortigen Alpinen Forschungsstelle der Universität Innsbruck (Vorstand: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Werner HEISSEL; Assistent: Dr. Konrad THALER) freundlichst überlassen. Allen gebührt dafür mein aufrichtiger Dank. Beschreibung der Biotope Meine Aufmerksamkeit beim Einsammeln der Algenproben galt zwar vor allem den Mooren und Kleingewässern, ich habe aber
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