DOCSLIB.ORG

International Journal Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Journal Of VOLUME 11 NUMBER 1 2018 ISSN 2218-7979 International Journal of Biology and Chemistry Al-Farabi Kazakh National University International Journal of Biology and Chemistry is published twice a year by al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi ave., 71, 050040, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan website: http://ijbch.kaznu.kz/ Any inquiry for subscriptions should be sent to: Prof. Mukhambetkali Burkitbayev, al-Farabi Kazakh National University al-Farabi ave., 71, 050040, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan e-mail: Mukhambetkali [email protected] © 2018 al-Farabi Kazakh National University Printed in Kazakhstan EDITORIAL The most significant achievements in the field of natural sciences are reached in joint col- laboration, where important roles are taken by biology and chemistry. Therefore publication of a Journal, displaying results of current studies in the field of biology and chemistry, facilitates highlighting of theoretical and practical issues and distribution of scientific discoveries. One of the basic goals of the Journal is to promote the extensive exchange of information between the scientists from all over the world. We welcome publishing original papers and mate- rials of biological and chemical conferences, held in different countries (after the process of their subsequent selection). Creation of special International Journal of Biology and Chemistry is of great importance, because a great amount of scientists might publish their articles and it will help to widen the ge- ography of future collaboration. We will be glad to publish also the papers of the scientists from the other continents. The Journal aims to publish the results of the experimental and theoretical studies in the field of biology, biotechnology, chemistry and chemical technology. Among the emphasized subjects are: modern issues of technologies for organic synthesis; scientific basis of the production of physiologically active preparations; modern issues of technologies for processing of raw materi- als, production of new materials and technologies; study on chemical and physical properties and structure of oil and coal; theoretical and practical issues in processing of hydrocarbons; modern achievements in the field of nanotechnology; results of studies in the fields of biology, biotechnol- ogy, genetics, nanotechnology, etc. We hope to receive papers from a number of scientific centers, which are involved in the ap- plication of the scientific principles of biology, biotechnology, chemistry and chemical technol- ogy on practice and carrying out research on the subject, whether it relates to the production of new materials, technology and ecological issues. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 11, № 1, 4 (2018) IRSTI 31.19.29 1*D. Orazbayeva, 1B. Kenessov, 2J.A. Koziel 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Center of Physicochemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA 50011, USA *e-mail: [email protected] Quantification of naphthalene in soil using solid-phase microextraction, gas-chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection and standard addition method Abstract: Development of simple, fast and accurate methods for quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil samples is important for providing greater efficiency of analytical laboratories in Kazakhstan and other developing countries. Naphthalene is a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), belonging to a group of compounds of significant concern due to environmental impact. Solid- phase microextraction (SPME) is an optimal method for solvent-free automated sample preparation for determination of VOCs in environmental samples. In this work, the method for quantification of naphthalene in soil based on headspace SPME, gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, and standard addition calibration was developed. The parameters of SPME and sample equilibration after spiking with standards were optimized for better control of the soil matrix effect. The SPME temperature 80 °C provided the greatest accuracy of naphthalene responses for soils with different matrix and humidity. Equilibration of soil samples after spiking with standards for 6 h at 80 °C provided stabilization of responses in soils with different matrix and water content. The greatest accuracy and precision were achieved after equilibration of the samples for 8 h. The method provides recoveries of 105-119% in the concentration range 0.01-0.1 ng g-1 with detection limit 0.001 ng g-1. The developed method was applied for quantification of naphthalene in real soil samples collected in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The measured concentration of naphthalene in real soil samples varied in the range of 1.4 to 47 ng g-1. In five out of ten collected soil samples concentration exceeded a maximum permissible concentration of 15 ng g-1. Key words: naphthalene, soil analysis, solid-phase microextraction, standard addition, gas chromatography. Introduction silica gel) and an evaporative concentration [3–5], which can result in the emission of toxic compounds Naphthalene is a ubiquitous pollutant found in to an environment. many environmental samples of air, water, soil. It The most promising “green” method of sample is a confirmed carcinogen and mutagen linked to preparation for the determination of volatile and semi- hemolytic anemia and cataracts in humans [1,2]. volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) Along with other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils is solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [6]. (PAHs), naphthalene can be released into the envi- SPME combines sampling, extraction, concentration, ronment during transportation, storage, and use of and purification steps into one easily automated op- crude oil and oil products [2]. The soil is often the eration. During SPME, VOCs are transferred onto the main sink of PAHs spills. polymer coating from a headspace (HS) above a soil Standard methods for quantification of naphtha- sample. Extracted analytes are then desorbed in an in- lene in soil require waste-generating, costly and time- let of a gas chromatograph for analysis (Figure 1). This consuming sample preparation using toxic organic method does not require organic solvents and provides solvents (e.g., acetonitrile, acetone, chloroform, di- an ideal combination of simplicity and sensitivity. ethyl ether, methanol). The extraction of an analyte Available SPME-based methods for quantifica- from soil is followed by purification of the extracts tion of naphthalene and other PAHs in soil include by passing through adsorbent (e.g., aluminum oxide, preliminary extraction with a surfactant solution [7] © 2018 al-Farabi Kazakh National University Printed in Kazakhstan D. Orazbayeva et al. 5 or an organic solvent [8], while SPME is conducted in the best accuracy of naphthalene responses for soils direct-immersion (DI) mode. For headspace SPME, with different matrix and humidity. Soil equilibration extraction is conducted with simultaneous heating of temperature and time after spiking with naphthalene the sample and cooling of a fiber coating (cold-fiber standard were optimized. The developed method SPME) [9–11], or at low-pressure conditions (vac- was successfully applied for the analysis of real soil uum-assisted HS-SPME) [12]. The main limitations samples. of CF-SPME and vacuum-assisted HS-SPME are the complexity of method instrumentation and its auto- Materials and methods mation, along with no commercial availability. The accuracy of SPME-based quantification of Reagents, materials, and samples VOCs and SVOCs in soil is affected by a matrix ef- Naphthalene (99%) was purchased from Meryer fect, which results in variable extraction efficiencies (China). Methanol (HPLC grade) purchased from of analytes from samples having different physico- AppliChem (Germany) was used for the prepara- chemical properties. To overcome the matrix effect, tion of standard solutions. SPME fiber – 100 µm two main approaches are used: control of the matrix polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was purchased from effect by obtaining a calibration plot for each type of Supelco (USA). Soil sampling and calibration were soil; and a decrease of the matrix effect by increas- performed in 20-mL crimp-top headspace vials ing the extraction temperature, addition of water, or (HTA, Italy) with PTFE/silicone septa (Zhejiang using cold-fiber SPME [13]. The main difficulty in Aijiren Technology Co., China). All vials and septa using the first approach is a long and often inefficient were washed with distilled water and pre-conditioned equilibration of samples after their spiking with stan- at 140 °C for 2 h before analysis. dards [14; 15]. Two different soil types were used: clay and chernozem having humus content 0.90 and 45%, re- spectively. These soils will be referred hereinafter as Fiber Extraction Desorption soils with ‘low’ and ‘high’ humus content (LHC and 12assembly over soil 3in GC inlet HHC), respectively. Both soils were collected near Almaty, Kazakhstan. Soils were cleaned from pos- sible naphthalene residues and water by heating in a drying furnace at 150 °C for 6 h. Parameters of gas chromatography-mass spec- trometry (GC-MS) analysis Protecting He Inlet liner GC-MS analyses were performed on the needle 6890N/5973N system (Agilent, USA) equipped with CF a Combi-PAL autosampler (CTC Analytics, Swit- Fiber zerland). Separation was conducted using a polar 60 C coating HS m x 0.25 mm DB-WAXetr
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Salvinia Natans (L.) ALL.) U POPLAVNOM PODRUČJU KOPAČKOG RITA
    STRUKTURA MIKROFITA U OBRAŠTAJNIM ZAJEDNICAMA NA PLIVAJUĆOJ NEPAČKI (Salvinia natans (L.) ALL.) U POPLAVNOM PODRUČJU KOPAČKOG RITA Jonjić, katarina Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2018 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of biology / Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Odjel za biologiju Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:181:732489 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-28 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Department of biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Odjel za biologiju Diplomski sveučilišni studij Zaštita prirode i okoliša Katarina Jonjić STRUKTURA MIKROFITA U OBRAŠTAJNIM ZAJEDNICAMA NA PLIVAJUĆOJ NEPAČKI (Salvinia natans (L.) ALL.) U POPLAVNOM PODRUČJU KOPAČKOG RITA Diplomski rad Osijek, 2018. TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Diplomski rad Odjel za biologiju Diplomski sveučilišni studij: Zaštita prirode i okoliša Znanstveno područje: Prirodne znanosti Znanstveno polje: Biologija STRUKTURA MIKROFITA U OBRAŠTAJNIM ZAJEDNICAMA NA PLIVAJUĆOJ NEPAČKI (Salvinia natans (L.) ALL.) U POPLAVNOM PODRUČJU KOPAČKOG RITA Katarina Jonjić Rad je izrađen: Odjel za biologiju, Zavod za ekologiju voda Mentor: Dr.sc. Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, docent Komentor: Dr.sc. Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, docent Sažetak: Promjene kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava mikrofita u
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Factors and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community and Functional Groups in an Estuary Reservoir in the Yangtze River, China
    water Article Driving Factors and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community and Functional Groups in an Estuary Reservoir in the Yangtze River, China Changtao Yang , Jing Nan and Jianhua Li * College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; [email protected] (C.Y.); [email protected] (J.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-021-6598-3319 Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 5 June 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: Qingcaosha Reservoir, an estuary reservoir on the Yangtze River and a drinking water source, is facing phytoplankton blooms and the factors driving changes in phytoplankton composition and distribution have not been well understood so far. To facilitate the understanding of this problem, we collected surface water samples from January to December 2014 monthly at 12 sampling sites. A total of 205 taxa classified into eight major taxonomic groups were identified. Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira varians, Melosira granulata, Cryptomonas ovata and Chlorella vulgaris were the species dominating at least one season. The long stratification period and high nutrient concentration resulted in high chlorophyll a concentration (36.1 18.5 µg L 1) in the midstream and downstream during summer, ± − and mass phytoplankton growth and sedimentation process led to nutrients decrease. In the reservoir, neither P or N limitation was observed in the study period. We observed that water temperature, nutrient concentrations and light availability (Zeu/Zmix) are critical in selecting functional groups. These results highlight that the functional groups characterized the water body well and showed a good ecological status based on the assemblage index (Q average = 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorophyceae)
    Vol. 75, No. 2: 149-156, 2006 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 149 TAXONOMICAL STUDIES ON HORMOTILA RAMOSISSIMA KOR. (CHLOROPHYCEAE) JAN MATU£A, MIROS£AWA PIETRYKA, DOROTA RICHTER Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Agriculture Cybulskiego 32, 50-205 Wroc³aw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: February 17, 2006. Accepted: April 13, 2006) ABSTRACT Hormotila ramosissima Kor., a very rare in the world and poorly known species, have been found in peat bogs of Lower Silesia. The growth stages typical of this species but unknown so far, have been described and illustra- ted. It was found that this species has many features in common with the representatives of Volvocales, Tetraspo- rales, and chlorococcales. The regularly observed zoospores and hemizoospores, which accompanied the various developmental stages of that species, showed an internal structure of Chlamydomonas-type. Studies on Hormotila ramosissima were based on live material collected in ample quantities from peat bogs. The collected in this way repeatable and abundant data allowed to discuss problems concerning morphology, reproduction and development, as well as consider the taxonomic position this species. KEY WORDS: Hormotila ramosissima, Chlorophyceae, morphology, reproduction, taxonomy, peat bogs. INTRODUCTION resemblance to the algae mentioned above. Stalk gelatino- us envelopes characteristic of the final phase of their deve- The paper presents the results concerning a very rare in lopment resembles the gelatinous matrix of some species the World green alga (Hormotila ramosissima Kor.), obta- in order of Tetrasporales (Ploeotila Mroziñska-Webb) and ined on the basis of long-lasting observations of an abun- Chlorococcales (Heleococcus Kor., Hormotilopsis Trainor dant material collected in the field on three peat bogs situa- and Bold, Palmodictyon Kütz., Hormotila Borzi).
    [Show full text]
  • Ein Beitrag Zur Kenntnis Der Algenflora Tirols Von
    © Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Innsbruck; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ber. nat.-med. Ver. Innsbruck Band 56 S. 177—354 Innsbruck, Dez. 1968 Festschr. Steinbock Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Algenflora Tirols von Hans ETTL (Brezova n. Svit., Tschechoslowakei) (Aus der Alpinen Forschungsstelle Obergurgl der Universität Innsbruck; Vorstand: Univ-Prof. Dr. W. HEISSEL) On the algal flora of Tyrol. ETTL. H.: A contribution to the knowledge of the algal flora of Tyrol. Synopsis: Interesting, little known and new flagellates and algae (exclu- ding diatoms and desmids) from the small waters and peat-bogs in the environment of Innsbruck, Seefeld, Obergurgl and Kühtai (700, 1200, 2000 and 2300 m. a. s. 1.) are described and pictured. The morphology and taxonomy of the taxa is discussed and compared with the data of other authors. Most of the taxa were observed and drawn in living stage im- mediately after collection. The following new taxa are described in this paper: Chromuline suprama var. gracilis, Chrysocoecus diaphanus var. ellipsoideus, Lepochromulina calyx fo. cylindrica, Arthrochrysis gracilis, Chrysopyxis pitschmannii, Heliochrysis eradians var. stigmatica, Gloeo- botrys sphagnophila, Qloeobotrys bichlorus, Characiopsis ambrosiana, Cryptomonas erosa var. lobata, Cryptomonas rapa, Cryptomonas pusilla var. bilata, Cryptomonas spinifera, Carteria reisiglii, CMamydomonas pumilio var. ovoidea, Chlamydomonas obergurglii, CMamydomonas muci- pkila, Chlamydomonas daucijormis, Chlamydomonas chlorastera, Sphaerel- locystis pollens, Sphaerellocystis globosa fo. minor Acrochasma uncum fo. apodum, Characium ornithocephalum var. longiseta, Elakatothrix gloeo- cystiformis var. ovalis. 12 Steinbock 177 © Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Innsbruck; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung 178 Dank 180 Beschreibung der Biotope 180 Die Arten 185 Chrysophyceae 185 1. Chrysomonadales 185 2. Rhizochrysidales 208 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomische Übertragungen Und Namensänderungen Unter Den
    Preslia, Praha, 44 : 193 --207, 1972 Taxonomische Ubertragungen und Namensanderungen unter den Algen V. Tetrasporales Taxonomicke piesuny a zmeny jmen ras V. Tetrasporales Bohuslav Fott FoTT B. (1972): Taxonomisch e Ubortragungen und Namensanderungen unter den Algen V. Tetrasporales. - Preslia, Prnha, 44: 193 - 207. - New names of taxa, their changes and transfers as used in a treatise on the Tetrasporales in ,,Das Phytoplankton des Siisswassers" by FoTT (1972), are substantiated and provided with Latin diagnoses and full references as required by the Code. The order Tetrasporales consists of seven families, of which Gloeococcaceae, A sterococcaceae, Chlorangiellaceae, Nautococcaceae and Prasinocladaceae are n ewly defin0d and provided with Latin diagnoses. Some spe­ cies from the genus Chlamydomonas EHRENB. and Planctococcus KoRSCH. have to be tram;ferod to the genus Gloeococcus A. BitAUN. A new genus Chlamydocapsa FoTT has b een established, embracing Chlamydomonas-Iike, but non-motile cells without flagella, living in mucilaginous masses. Some species of Chlorangium STEIN are transferred to the genus Chlorangiella DETONI or Chlorangiopsis KoRSH. A n ew genus Chlamydo­ monadopsis FoTT is erected, differing from the other genera of the family Chlorangiella­ ceae by the lack of mucilaginous stalks and by the presence of mucilaginous cu shions serving as means of attachment to the substratum. As y e t, 13 species of Chlamydo­ monadopsis are known: 12 n ew combinations and one new species, Ch. lenorae FoTT. A n e w species of Stylosphru,ridium, S. chlorangielloides FoTT, has been described. Some r epresentatives of the gonera Chlorophysema PASCH., Chloremys PASCH. and Tetraspora LINK are given n e w names by combinations of the epithets with the appropriate name.
    [Show full text]
  • KMMCC-Korea Marine Microalgae Culture Center: List of Strains, 2Nd Edition
    Research Article Algae 2015, 30 Supplement: S1-S188 http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2015.30.S.S1 Open Access KMMCC-Korea Marine Microalgae Culture Center: list of strains, 2nd edition Sung Bum Hur1,*, Jean Hee Bae1, Joo-Yeon Youn2 and Min Jin Jo1 1Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-723, Korea 2Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-723, Korea INTRODUCTION Microalgae are primary producers in the ocean where itzka 2014). However, microalgae are now widely used in millions of species are distributed. This extensive bio- diverse industries such as neutraceuticals, cosmetics, the logical resource produce 20 billion tons of organic mat- environment, and bioenergy. Moreover, microalgae ex- ter annually. Thus, related studies have a long historical hibit promising potential to be converted into high value background. Early microalgae work was limited to basic medicines and pharmaceutical products. Thus, studies studies on the natural science related to the ecosystem. on microalgae are ongoing with tremendous expecta- However, studies on artificial culture started in Europe tions by scientists (Borowitzka and Borowitzka 1988, beginning in the mid-19th century. Small-scale culture Becker 1994, Cohen 1999, Richmond 2004). Although was started by Cohn (1850) in a German laboratory and mass cultures of microalgae remain expensive and have developed into outdoor mass cultures for the purpose of not been industrialized, commercialization of a number industrial applications in the mid-20th century. Microal- of higher value-added biological industries is expected in gae are now widely used as study subjects in marine basic the near future.
    [Show full text]
  • Zur Kenntnis Des Planktons Von Zwei Kleinen Talsperren Des
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Hercynia Jahr/Year: 2004 Band/Volume: 37 Autor(en)/Author(s): Heynig Hermann Artikel/Article: Zur Kenntnis des Planktons von zwei kleinen Talsperren des Südharzes (Wipper-Vorsperre, Nordhäuser Talsperre) 231-247 ©Univeritäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Hercynia N. F. 37 (2004): 231–247 231 Zur Kenntnis des Planktons von zwei kleinen Talsperren des Südharzes (Wipper-Vorsperre, Nordhäuser Talsperre) Hermann HEYNIG 13 Abbildungen und 1 Tabelle ABSTRACT HEYNIG, H.: To the knowledge of the plankton of two small reservoirs of the Southern Harz mountains (Wipper-Vorsperre, Nordhäuser Talsperre). - Hercynia 37 (2004): 231 – 247. The plankton community of two small reservoirs in the Southern Harz Mountains (Wipper-Vorsperre, Sachsen-Anhalt and Nordhäuser Talsperre, Thüringen/Germany) was researched during nearly 30 years. Especially the phytoplankton was determined and interpreted taxonomical but also the zooplankton was not neglected. Alltogether 177 species of phytoplankton (incl. Varieties and formae) and 46 species of zooplankton were found. The composition of species shows the differences between the two water re- servoirs with regard to their eutrophication: in the catchment area of WV there are 6 villages and partial agriculture, the water is mesotroph; the catchment area of NT is not settled and the water is more oligo- troph to mesotroph.
    [Show full text]
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent
    US010479969B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No.: US 10,479,969 B2 Kim et al. (45 ) Date of Patent : * Nov . 19 , 2019 ( 54 ) UTILIZATION OF WASTEWATER FOR FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS MICROALGAL CULTIVATION WO WO 2007/136428 A2 11/2007 WO WO 2008/079724 A2 7/2008 ( 75 ) Inventors : Jane Kim , San Jose , CA (US ) ; WO WO 2008/145719 Al 12/2008 Chung -Soon Im , Palo Alto , CA (US ) WO WO 2011/035166 A1 3/2011 ( 73 ) Assignee: PHYCOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY OTHER PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL . INC . , Menlo Park , CA (US ) Hu et al . Microalgal Triacylglycerols as Feedstocks for Biofuel Production : Perspectives and Advances ; The Plant Journal, vol . 54 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (2008 ) pp . 621-639. * patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Burton et al . Energy From Wastewater - A Feasibility Study; Water U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 565 days. Research Commision reposrt No. 1732/09 (2009 ) pp . i- 114 .* This patent is subject to a terminal dis Posten , C. Design Principles of Photo - Bioreactors for Cultivation of claimer . Microalgae ; Engineering in Life Sciences, vol. 9 , No. 3 , pp . 165-177 . ( Year : 2009 ) . * Chen et al. , “ Growth and Phyccocyanin Formation of Spirulina (21 ) Appl. No.: 13 /270,515 Platensis in Photoheterotrophic Culture , ” Biotechnol . Lett. , May 1996 , pp . 603-608 , vol . 18 , No. 5 . ( 22 ) Filed : Oct. 11 , 2011 PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion , PCT Appli Prior Publication Data cation No. PCT/ US10 / 49347 , dated Dec. 29 , 2010 , 13 pages. (65 ) UTEX The Culture Collection of Algae . UTEX 2441 Apr. 1986 , 1 US 2012/0088278 A1 Apr.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Factors and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community and Functional Groups in an Estuary Reservoir in the Yangtze River, China
    water Article Driving Factors and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community and Functional Groups in an Estuary Reservoir in the Yangtze River, China Changtao Yang , Jing Nan and Jianhua Li * College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; [email protected] (C.Y.); [email protected] (J.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-021-6598-3319 Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 5 June 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: Qingcaosha Reservoir, an estuary reservoir on the Yangtze River and a drinking water source, is facing phytoplankton blooms and the factors driving changes in phytoplankton composition and distribution have not been well understood so far. To facilitate the understanding of this problem, we collected surface water samples from January to December 2014 monthly at 12 sampling sites. A total of 205 taxa classified into eight major taxonomic groups were identified. Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira varians, Melosira granulata, Cryptomonas ovata and Chlorella vulgaris were the species dominating at least one season. The long stratification period and high nutrient concentration resulted in high chlorophyll a concentration (36.1 18.5 µg L 1) in the midstream and downstream during summer, ± − and mass phytoplankton growth and sedimentation process led to nutrients decrease. In the reservoir, neither P or N limitation was observed in the study period. We observed that water temperature, nutrient concentrations and light availability (Zeu/Zmix) are critical in selecting functional groups. These results highlight that the functional groups characterized the water body well and showed a good ecological status based on the assemblage index (Q average = 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Los Clorófitos Constituyen Uno De Los Grupos De
    1 INTRODUCCIÓN Los clorófitos constituyen uno de los grupos de vegetales eucariotas, que, tanto por su magnitud y belleza como por su fascinante biología han polarizado la atención de un contigente notable de investigadores. Se trata de un grupo ampliamente diversificado en las aguas continentales, el mar, los ambientes aerofíticos y la nieve. Desde el punto de vista biológico evidencian una extraordinaria diversidad de niveles de organización, innumerables estrategias adaptativas y eficaces sistemas de reproducción y multiplicación. Asímismo, los clorófitos han establecido con frecuencia relaciones de simbiosis con otros seres vivos, destacando el grupo de los hongos liquenizados o líquenes. En este caso la dependencia del hongo respecto del clorófito es máxima, ya que, sin los “productores primarios” el sistema “liquen” desaparece. A nivel ecológico, el desarrollo de los clorófitos tanto en el fitoplancton como en el fitobentos incide notablemente sobre el flujo de la materia y la energía, tanto en las aguas mesotróficas o eutróficas, como en las distróficas. Paralelamente, no hay que olvidar que los clorófitos han dado lugar a la aparición de lineas evolutivas transcendentales para la vida del planeta como son los embriófitos (briófitos y cormófitos), que se originaron a partir de una línea evolutiva derivada de las carofíceas. El ámbito geográfico que comprende esta obra abarca la península Ibérica, las islas Baleares e islas Canarias. La lista de especies se ha confeccionado a partir de la bibliografía recopilada que, prácticamente, se inicia en el siglo pasado con la obra de Colmeiro (1867). Éste registro bibliográfico no abarca el 100% de las publicaciones en que se citan clorófitos para el territorio considerado debido a la dificultad de recoger toda la bibliografía existente.
    [Show full text]