FILE 32/4 MURRAY 1848

ORDINAR Y 1 Note stating: For letters 1846 to 1848 re dispute over the boundaries of Balbriggan and Skerries parishes see "Diocesan" Murray. 1848. 2 Enclosed in preceding: Letter, ten pages long, to Murray from Fr Boyle, P.P., Skerries. Because of pressure of work over the Christmas season he could not, until now, avail of Murray's kind offer to submit his appeal against the decision of the Council on the report of the referees on the dispute between himself and Fr Smyth, Balbriggan, re their parish boundaries. (1) He objects to Fr Smyth's examination and cross-examination of witnesses; writer was absent through illness and instead of the referees conducting the enquiry, Fr Smyth took over completely and sent in reports favourable to his own case. (2) The referees did not submit a conjoint report. (3) He now submits his own case based on parochial documents dating from 1770. (4) Proof from the negotiations that went on between the landlord J. H. Hamilton and the builders of the Drogheda Rail Road and other matters concerning parish lands. (5) He encloses seven letters (copies) from parishioners proving his case (statements re their holdings being regarded as in Skerries parish). (6) All the oldest parishioners and former curates whom he

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- names agree with writer. In a footnote he is surprised that a certain person was allowed to give evidence in favour of Fr Smyth. The writer would be sorry to consort with this person and wonders at Fr Smyth having done so. 7 Jan. 1848. 3 Enclosed with the two preceding. Same to same. He expected to be called to a meeting of the Council in regard to the disputed parish boundaries. Not having received any notice he now submits his case to Murray with a map showing the house and holdings claimed by Fr Smyth, Balbriggan as in his parish. He has 40 witnesses prepared to be sworn on the facts of the case. He thinks Fr Smyth's conduct "turpis lucri gratia" and rather devious. Dec. 1846/1848. (He encloses copies of parishioners' statements.) 4 T. Reddington, Dublin Castle, to Murray. Fr Lyons, Chaplain to the Richmond Convict Depot, has died and the Lord Lieutenant requests Murray to name a priest to take his place. 17 Jan. 1848. 5 Same to same. The Lord Lieutenant approves of the appointment of Fr Jeremiah Clarke as chaplain to Richmond Convict Depot, as recommended by Murray in place of Fr Lyons. 21 Jan. 1848. G Fr Patrick Kelly, Killaloe Diocese (staying in Dublin at time of writing) to Murray. He called three times but did not see Murray. He asks permission to celebrate Mass while in Dublin; his Bishop, Dr Kennedy, can be referred to for character. He sends the usual document for Murray's signature. 25 Jan. 1848. 7 Sr M. Joseph Teresa in Darlington Carmel, to Murray, She heard that Mr has died and asks Murray to use his influence in having her nephew, Francis Grace, appointed to the agency, for which he has the necessary qualifications and talent. All the Scully family and other first cousins would be pained to have a stranger appointed before him. The painting Ecce Homo, which Murray sent her, is treasured by the Community. 29 Jan. 1848. 8 Bill from Caracas on Colonial Bank London to pay Murray £78.5.11. 3 Feb. 1848. 9 John English, Kingston Square, Bath, to Murray. Following Murray's letter received he has directed Messrs Coutts, to transfer £700 stock into Murray's name. He will forward the usual form of Legacy Receipt for Murray's signature when the transfer is completed. 1 Mar. 1848.

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10 Letter from the Oratorians of St Philip Neri (writing through Secretary, Richard Stanton) to Murray, sending a copy of their Brief Institution, also the Pope's letter stating that the Society has now been founded in Birmingham from which foundation it is hoped that it will spread, as it has already done in European countries. 7 Mar. 1848. 11 G/H. O'Brenan Clarke, Inspector of National Schools, to Murray. He protests at his summary dismissal from his post of Superintendent of N. Schools, which he held for nine years. He was dismissed by the Education Board solely because of one sentence in a letter of remonstrance written by him, given no trial nor no chance to defend himself and was given no compensation for what he regards as unjust treatment. He asks Murray, one of the Commissioners of National Education, to obtain compensation for him. He encloses a copy of the letter referred to, with the sentence which caused his dismissal, also the dismissal notice from the Board, the letter dated 27 September 1847. 9 Mar. 1848. 12 Letter from a nun (signature not clear) Presentation Convent, Galway, to Murray. She thanks Murray for £5 sent. Dr Cahill's charity sermon for breakfasts for poor children realised £50, a sum very welcome these times and especially because of the tactics of proselytisers. They have 600 in their school and the workhouses of Connaught are all supplied with teachers from Rahoon N. School. She asks Murray to advise her what to do about a Protestant girl in the senior class who insists on remaining when the writer is giving religious instruction. 21 Mar. 1848. 13 T. Reddington, Dublin Castle, to Murray. The Hyderabad; a male convict ship, will sail in about six weeks and a chaplain is required: terms £100 p.a. during the voyage, a gratuity of £50 and a free passage home if desired. 7 Mar. 1848. 14 Fr Henry O'Shea (in lodgings in D'Olier St.) to Murray. He will go to the convent tomorrow, having notified the Prioress and Mr O'Rourke. Dean Hamilton asked him to take charge of celebrating two Masses and giving religious instruction in the room attached to the church of St Laurence. He declined, since the post was only temporary, but if Murray thinks he should accept, he will do so. 18 Apr 1848. 15 Mr Whitton (?), 13 Mountjoy Square South, to Murray. At a meeting of the Commissioners of Mountjoy Square Murray was unanimously elected a Commissioner. 1 May 1848. 63 16 Portion of a letter from Thos. Hempenstall to Murray. (The writer may be from New Ross or Wexford, according to names quoted — or Kilkenny). A query re Bills posted from Port Laoise, 24 May date, value £1,100. The writer urges Murray to get Dr Collier (?) to forward the post-dated bills. (Not quite clear because of missing portion). May 1848. 17 Notice from the North American Colonial Association of to Murray re payments due before 15 July 1848. 5 June 1848 (Written from London). 18 Letter from St Griffin, Charity Convent, , to Murray, thanking him for £15 sent. 7June 1848. 19 Kate Duffy, Longford, to Murray. She gave Dr Higgins (Bishop of Ardagh) a receipt for £600 sent to Murray. When he receives it she hopes he will lodge that amount in the Bank of Ireland to her account. She will require the remaining £400 (from Mrs Ball?) within twelve months or two years. She complains about the manner in which Mrs Ball sent receipts, one "on common paper" another "given on one eightpenny stamp", (cf. File 32/2: 84, 85, 94, 95.) 10 June 1848. 20 Fr Martin Browne, P.P., Balla, to Murray. Re the building of the new convent of the Presentation nuns, . After discussing some matters leases, deeds etc - in connection with this, he says that because of the present distress in Tuam the money to be used building the convent should be used to relieve the needy. 30 June 1848. 21 Fr Grant, P.P., Wicklow, to Murray. Murray asked Fr Grant to report on activities of emissaries from Dublin who were in Wicklow trying to get the clergy to establish political clubs. As regards Fr Grant's views and opinions are well known on this matter. Even in O'Connell's time had not allowed the most respected persons to address the public on Sundays. None of the clergy in the deanery would meddle in politics, except two curates, who have some eccentric views on politics; both are excellent priests, however, and he does not think that they can exert any political influence. It is true that all the people look on Repeal of the Union as the only remedy for their present misery, but they will not resort to any illegal act to redress their grievances. He hopes "that God will inspire the rulers to do justice to this unfortunate country." 2 July 1848.

64 22 Letter to Murray from another parish priest, signature illegible, address (Grange?). Similar to preceding. No one has attempted to organise political clubs in his area and if such were attempted the priests would all speak out against it. 2 July 1 848. 23 Fr Roche, Bray, to Murray (on same subject as the two preceding). It is true that persons seeking to establish political clubs were active in Wicklow; he does not know what success they had. At the priests' conference yesterday all present said they would not be mixed up in political clubs but three would not stop their people from forming them. The question of a league between the two parties now active was not discussed. 5 July 1 848. 24 Fr Grant, P.P. Wicklow, to Murray. He regrets to have to tell Murray that he was deceived about the political clubs, (cf. 21 above). He has now discovered that persons were around Wicklow trying to organise these and to his surprise Fr Clarke, Roundwood, allowed them to address his people. The curate there, Fr Gowan (later the famous Fr Gowan, CM., who founded the Floly Faith Sisters with Margaret Aylward) "who has the most foolish notions on politics", should have been checked by Fr Clarke but was not and the encouragement of the people starting the clubs may have originated with Fr Gowan. These people are to address the people of Roundwood again next Sunday. Fr Gowan is writing to Fr Clarke, ex. postulating with him. He (writer) may not be able to attend the retreat as an unfortunate man in jail for the murder of his wife 25 years ago will be condemned to death next week when the judges arrive. 5 July 1848. 25 Fr Mac Clery, Cure of Nanthe, Thiviers-sur-Seine, to Mlle. Catherine McNulty, c/o M. Maguire, English merchant, Bordeaux. He was greatly relieved to hear that she arrived safely at Bordeaux, since the diligence from Paris to there overturned the other day, killing the conductor and two passengers. The day after she left Nanthe her brother's letter arrived; his mother re-posted it the same day. He gives messages from and to friends and wonders why she said nothing in her letter about "the poor Jesuits of Bordeaux". 9 July 1848. 26 Fr Dungan, Blanchardstown, to Murray. He regrets having allowed himself "to be betrayed into attending a meeting — though merely as an onlooker — for the formation of a political club. The meeting was not held in the chapelyard, but near it and there was no mention whatever of procuring arms. The meeting was held before Murray's instruction to the clergy on this matter reached him. He 65 had endeavoured to undo the bad example he gave. His people will remain peacable and have nothing to do with the clubs. 24 July 1848. 27 Fr Clarke, Annamoe (Roundwood?) to Murray, (cf. 24 above). He is happy to inform Murray that Fr Gowan, when informed of Murray's warning, promised to have nothing to do with politics for the future. 29 July 1848. 28 Fr Gowan, C.C., Annamoe (see preceding) to Murray. He is sorry that his conduct made Murray uneasy; he will not attend any political meetings in future. Murray's Wicklow informant has grievously misrepresented him (Fr Grant). 29 July 1848. 28a Eight closely written pages by Joseph Hamilton, Annadale Cottage, Dublin. Extracts from letters and poems sent by him to Queen Victoria, Ford Lieutenant etc on political and other matters, including a plea for the 1848 leaders; he mentions Gavan Duffy. Some extracts arc in verse — of no literary merit! 12 and 31 July, 9 and 14 Aug. 1848. 29 Fr Fhomas Synnott (in charge of famine relief from end of 1847 on, for moneys sent through Murray) to Murray. A reminder to Murray that the £300 Bill and Protest were given to Murray "on the Queen's Birthday" while Fr Synnott was in London. 10 Aug. 1848. 30 Fr F. Devlin, P.P., Donaghmore, Dungannon to an unnamed correspondent (to Irwin?). He informs his correspondent that Dr Crolly, Armagh is not a member of the Board of Education, it is Murray who is on the Board. He regrets the injustice done to his correspondent and wishes he could do something to help, as he always found him upright and straightforward when in public office. He is willing to add his name to any document testifying to the other's trustworthiness and suitability for an Inspectorship under the Education Board. He sends good wishes to Mrs Irwin and family and adds that he is just recovering from a long illness. 11 Sept. 1848. 31 Peter Murry, Stepney, London, to Murray. He was born in Essex and has reason to believe that he was next of kin to a Fr John Murry of Dublin diocese. He has been in correspondence with various registries etc and with Dr Blake of Dromore. The letter told him that Fr Murry died years ago in Blackrock. The writer asks Murray to ascertain the exact date of Fr Murry's death and to send it to

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him as he is poor and he and his wife aged and he is anxious to establish his claim to Fr Murry's estate. (Name spelled Murry.) 3 Oct. 1848.

32 Frances Farrell (Parnell?), Anne St., N.C. Road, to Murray sending three albs she made for the new church of St Lawrence O'Toole and hoping that they may be thought good enough to be used at the Dedication Mass in the new church. 18 Oct. 1848. 33 Fr Gentili, (at London address) to Murray. A memorial is being sent to Irish bishops which has been turned down by some English bishops. It is on behalf of the Sisters of Mercy, some wish to make (Ignatian) changes in their (Augustinian) book of customs. 5 Oct. 1848. 34 James Ballantin, Pres. and John Clancy, Secretary, of the Franciscan Orphan Charity, Merchants' Quay, to Dr Whateley. Their orphans are in great need. Hearing that Miss Jenny Lind's concert in aid of charities was successful and the proceeds given to Dr Whateley for distribution, they ask for a donation for the orphans, bereft of both parents, in their care. 28 Oct. 1848. 35 Reference of character from Richard (Baron) Pennefather, Merrion Square for two sisters (from County Tipperary,) of a very respectable family, who are now in very distressed circumstances, (Miss Keating and Mrs Murphy). 10 Nov. 1848. 36 "A Parishioner", Rathmines, to Murray. A request that since the appointment of a new P.P. is due, the parish may be divided; an explanation of the situation whereby the last Mass on Sundays in Rathmines is unable to hold the crowds and people outside the church cannot follow the Mass etc. 1 7 Nov. 1848. 37 Printed appeal by the Abbe Bernard, Cure de Sauve (Gard) on behalf of an orphanage he built and which has ninety children at present but is encumbered with debts. The Bishop of Nimes adds a note recommending the appeal. 21 Nov. 1848. 38 Rector of Louvain University to Murray (in French). Some time after his interview with Murray he prepared an account of the Irish Foundations in Louvain but regrets that this was not for warded. He gives an account of the Eugene Matthias (Archbishop of Dublin) bourse (Eugene Matthews) 1624, and of the R. Nottingham bourse, these two now available and there will be

67 another vacancy for the C. Morgan bourse; he will inform Murray of that when it is vacant. He lists the stipulations made by the founders of the first-named bourses and their current value. 5 Dec. 1848. 39 Ed. Nolan, Nassau Street, Sec. to Committee for erecting a monument to the late Fr McDonagh, to Murray asking his cooperation in the matter. 9 Dec. 1848. 40 J. B. Kohly, Berne, to Murray (in French). He wrote to Murray in July 1848, asking for the address of Lady Roche, but got no reply; he now repeats the request; the letter had been reopened and resealed with a seal of the Holy Spirit; this was done by the Cure of the Catholic parish of Berne. 10 Dec. 1848. 41 Edwin Latham, Liverpool, to Murray. He received a letter from Fr Fahy, chaplain to Irish Catholics in Buenos Aires dated 12 June 1848 stating that he had asked Murray to send two Christian Brothers out to him and to procure a suitable ship. Fr Fahy also said that if Murray was unable to do this he was to hand over the money belonging to the Irish in Buenos Aires to Mr Latham. The latter asks Murray to let him know what he intends doing re this and if he is not sending the C. Brothers to forward the money to Mr Latham who has instructions from Fr Fahy to use it for another purpose. 11 Dec. 1848. 42 N. H. Delamarre to Murray. He encloses an analysis of the Panel constituted to try Duffy (Charles Gavan Duffy) (cf. Four Years of Irish History by Sir Charles Gavan Duffy. London 1883. p. 732). Murray is asked to consider the document. 18 Dec. 1848. 43 Receipt from the Sun Fire Insurance in favour of Murray for £3.9.6, one year's premium and duty. 21 Dec. 1848. 44 Raffle ticket (raffle organised for famine relief) for a diamond and emerald ring and a cross to match on a gold chain, presented by the Duchess of Parma to the late Dr O'Finan of Killala and bequeathed to Dr Smyth of Esker College, for the poor of his district, badly hit by the Famine. The set of jewels are on show in London. Tickets £1 each. This one is No. 386. 1848 45 Draft of an affidavit by Patrick Shanahan, Charleville to apply for Habeas Corpus. He and his family were in Kilmallock Poor House with fever during the Famine. His wife died. When he went to claim his children he found that two of them had been removed

68 by a Mrs White of Charleville without his consent and plan Protestant Home for Deaf Children. He got one home, but was told the other was dead. He has since seen his son out with other children of the Home but has repeatedly been r (text missing) when he asked for the boy to take him home. Some queries to advisers, re this document are given on back. 1848. 46 Printed Annual Report of the Widow and Orphans' Asylum. G (text missing) for 1848, sent to Murray who subscribed £10 towards this charity. 30 Dec. 1848. 47 A bundle of reports on Dublin parishes presented by the past (text missing) on the occasion of Murray's visits during 1848. Parishes v (text missing) included: Finglas, Rollestown and Oldtown, Rush, Lusk, Sv (text missing) and Malahide, Skerries, Baldoyle, Howth and Kinsealy, Hollywood Ballyboughal and Naul, Blanchardstown, Porterstown Chapelizod, Maynooth, Larabryan, Leixlip and Taghadoe, Celbridge and Straffan. Dates in 1 848.

PASTORALS 48 Lenten Pastoral of Murray for 1848. 28 February 1848. 49 Pastoral Letter of Murray asking prayers for Pope Pius IX. " virtually a prisoner in his palace", and giving the text of aclamation by the Pope on 1 May and torn down by the popul (text missing) Murray directs that certain public prayers are to be said for Pope during the Rogation Days. 24 May 1 848. LETTERS OF DR MURRA Y 1848 50 Two copies, one typed, of a letter from Murray to Dr Culler. Rome. He deplores the anarchy in Rome. Five years ago Mur was called an Alarmist, a Castle minion etc. for giving warning.' plans being prepared for similar happenings here. The 1848 insurrection proved him right; the clergy who involved themselves now see how little they counted for with the leaders. He goes to refer to the Queen's Colleges and the letter received from Rome re same. He regrets that the Holy See saw fit to repudiate the whole system. The result of that repudiation is that - as was feared him — a Protestant Professor of history has been appointed; all Catholic youths are flocking to Trinity, even O'Connell's grandchildren. 30 Dec. 1848.

69 6 IRISH BISHOPS 51 Dr Egan, Kerry, to Murray, thanking him for £200 sent for the relief of starving people in Dingle and Berehaven; in his diocese these areas are in even worse distress than last year; outdoor relief is very meagre and in Cahirciveen none is given and able bodied men there have no work. 24 Jan. 1848. 52 Dr MacHale (staying in Dublin) to Murray, thanking him for £250 for the poor of the province of Tuam. He is consoled that good foreigners arc full of mercy for the Irish poor, "to whom their rulers are so utterly indifferent". 11 Feb. 1848. 53 Dr Maginn, Coadjutor Bishop of Derry, to Dr Crolly. He saw Cardinal Franzoni's letter and the comments made by the news papers on same and deplores the calumniation of the Irish Clergy through British diplomacy. He is glad that the Pope was not convinced by the Lord Minto and others and hopes that Dr Crolly, when writing to Rome, will protest strongly against the attacks on Irish priests. The complaints of the clergy against misrule, which caused so much misery, and their efforts against proselytisers who were taking advantage of that misery could not be called "political pursuits". Further comment on same lines. He does not think that Lenten discipline should be relaxed, even though conditions this year are even worse than last, but suggests that special prayers be said during Lent, for the end of famine and preservation of the faith in the midst of proselytisers. 21 Feb. 1848.

54 Dr James Browne, Kilmore, to Murray. He thanks him for forty pounds received which will enable him to save some lives in Cavan and adjoining parishes. The Poor Law relief is too slowly and reluctantly given to be of much use. Cavan area is peaceful; the landlords do not exert themselves to help the poor. The "young lads in Dublin" appear desperate (the leaders of '48) and are growing very popular. Only a packed jury will find them guilty. If that happens the government will be so unpopular that he fears '98 may repeat itself. 3 Apr. 1848. 55 Dr L. O'Donnell, Bishop of Galway, to Murray. He thanks him for £210 received. He agrees with Murray that it is more prudent not to publish the receipt of same. Otherwise he would have hordes of famishing people of town and district assailing him; he will divide it between the parish priests who will know the most needy cases in their own parishes. 13 Apr. 1848. 70 56 Dr Crolly, writing from Drogheda, to Murray. He received Murray's letter asking him to become a Commissioner on the N. Education Board, an invitation repeated by Sir Patrick Bellew. He has reservations as to the Lord Lieutenant's present attitude which may deprive him of public confidence, also re certain aspects of the Colleges Bill. He is sorry that the bishops' late agent in Rome has acted so deceitfully and thinks that they must do their own business there in future. 13 Apr. 1848. 57 Dr G. Browne, Elphin, to Murray. He read Murray's letter to Mr Philips and called on Fr Synnott who is arranging about the distribution of the money sent by the Bishop of Liege. Further re the remittance and its distribution. He thanks Murray for ordaining Elphin ordinands. 10 July 1848. 58 Dr Walsh, Ossory, to Murray. He asks Murray about Lenten regulations for 1848; he regrets having to inform him that Ossory priests have agitated to send a large sum to the Association (for the Young Irelanders?). He did not hear of this until very recently and although he will speak out against it next Thursday he fears he is too late. 15 July 1848. 59 Dr Maginn (from St Columba's, Derry) to — presumably — Dr Crolly. He was glad to receive the new letter sent (from Rome?) as it settled the matter once and for all. Those who yielded to the decision, conscientiously if reluctantly, are now relieved for any further responsibility in the matter and the bishops present a united front, which is most desirable on all issues. He would be glad to receive the list of indulgences for those who help the poor. He saw the Rescript re the New Colleges in the newspapers and he suggests that, despite the poverty of the times, the Archbishop should at once set about building a Catholic University preferably on the Hill of Tara, all prelates and priests to be present when His Grace lays the foundation stone. 1 7 Nov. 1848. 60 Printed copy, blue paper of Dr Maginn's Pastoral Letter to the priests and people of Derry diocese. 8 Dec. 1848. NON-IRISH BISHOPS including ENGLISH BISHOPS

61 Extract copied from the Gazzetta di Roma (in Italian). A notice stating that Mgr Wiseman, one of the English Vicars Apostolic, has nothing to do with the administration of The Tablet which is compiled by a Catholic with whom some think Mgr Wiseman collaborates. Mgr Wiseman wishes to assert that he in no way agrees

71 with the great exaggeration of this journalist. Date (of paper) 19 Feb. 1848. 62 Dr Kenrick, Archbishop elect of St Louis, to Fr James Murphy,Jefferson City. Enquiries about numbers of Catholics in various areas and the building of churches; he encloses a deed, which Fr Murphy is to have registered, for land for a church. 24 Mar. 1848. 63 Same to same. Further re deeds of lands for church building. He wishes Fr Murphy to visit a convert, a Miss Kennedy, living three miles from Glasgow on the road to La Fayette; also a good Catholic family named OToole at Fayette. The Sons of Temperance, though they take no oath of secrecy, is not an association he wishes to see Catholics join; they are to be discouraged. He is glad that Fr Murphy got the German books and hopes that when he next comes to St Louis he will have made great progress in that language. He is very edified by the extent and success of Fr Murphy's incessant labours. 11 May 1848. 64 Typed copy of a letter from Dr Wiseman to Murray. He encloses a copy of a letter he has sent to his fellow bishops in England and asks Murray to accede to the request in the last paragraph. The circular appended states that a difficulty has arisen about giving faculties to priests sailing for distant lands, especially British colonies. A memorial was sent to Rome about this and he encloses copies of two documents received in reply. (Remainder so faint as to be illegible.) Dec. 1848.

EDUCATION 65 Abstract of evidence against three teachers accused of using their position as National Teachers to proselytise; two are dismissed and one is warned that his salary will be withdrawn if he persists. Inspectors of the Board report to the Commissioners on the three cases. (Schools in Carraholet, Leharrow and Dromore West). 1848. 66 Thomas Reddington, Dublin Castle, to Murray. He returns Dr Ennis's letter, also a previous one which Lord Clarendon returned. He is glad that the Archbishop of Tuam is shown that he will not be taken as the organ of all the Irish bishops. 26 June 1848. 67 John Corballis (?) Maynooth (?) to Murray. He has only a rough draft of the letter he sent to M. Zabuchon on the subject of the proposed New Colleges. He encloses same and reminds Murray that his (C.'s) plan contained different proposals, among them the connecting of the Colleges with one University, that to be Trinity,

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which should be open to them; the Board to consist of the h (text missing) of the four new Colleges and of Trinity College. He also had in (text missing) grants to the Bishops' Diocesan Colleges and other advantage these Colleges which, however, he fears are not now thought He adds a rough copy of the letter sent to M. Zabuchon. 12.1. 1848. 67a Envelope addressed to Fr Synnott (Famine Relief Sec.) Ballinrobe. IRISH FAMINE 68 Letter from M. Morquera, London, to Murray (in French) forwarding £20 from Mgr Sotomayor, Bishop of New Granada Murray for famine relief. 5 Jan. 1848. 69 Same to same. Letter in English stating that cheque for £20 been forwarded and asking for acknowledgment of same. 12 1848. 70 Fr Gallagher, P.P. Achill, to Fr Synnott (in charge of famine relief moneys for Murray). He cannot thank Murray sufficiently for handsome donation for relief in Achill. No other district needed it more, for such is the hunger that the parents send their children the prosclytisers' schools, to have them fed. This is the only alternative to dying of hunger. He will follow Fr Synnott's advice and write a strong document to His Grace about this. 25 Jan. 18 71 Fr Timlin, P.P. Ballisakenny, Ballina, to Fr Synnott, thank Murray for £75 received for Famine Relief. At no time in the past two years has Mayo witnessed such distress; the Union is over crowded and the procedure by which people are admitted so st (text missing) and vexatious that many perish of hunger; to gain admittance they must give up possession of their cabins and patches of land; they are obliged to level the cabins, which leaves them homeless and to make do with shelter in the ditches and die of hunger and exposure He sees this every hour of the day and with no prospect of redress. He will write as Fr Synnott requested; he apologises for his tales misery but he cannot suppress his feelings. He again thanks Murray for the money sent. 26 Jan. 1848. 72 Fr Michael Kilty, P.P. Belmullet, to Fr Synnott thanking him £15 received for his starving parishioners; this year is worse than last and the coming months will be fatal. 25 January 1848. 73 Fr Hunt/Hurst (?), Ballycarth to Fr Synnott, acknowledging £15 relief sent by Murray. In the past year he registered almost 1,000 deaths from starvation and the tyranny of the landlords is forcing the less well off to emigrate, those in better circumstances having already gone abroad; he is left with the paupers and cannot know how they can live; his parishioners, once honest and religious, are now the reverse, and fever is widespread; his own condition is deplorable, his curate has left for want of sustenance; he cannot feed his horse and has to cover a parish 15 miles by 6 and with 800 families, all destitute; he does not think his parish will recover in his lifetime. Worst of all, many proselytising societies, with plenty of meal and money, have their agents busy in his area, trying to win the people from the faith and when they give say "I am not now fit to be their priest". His distress is indescribable, and he believes that his parish is the most miserable in Ireland. He again thanks Murray and Fr Synnott for the money. 25 Jan. 1848. 74 John I. Noone/Moore, Menlo (?) to Fr Synnott, thanking him for £8 received for Famine relief from Murray. 3 Apr. 1848. 75 Fr P. Ward, P.P. Aughagower (Ballmioleen) to Fr Synnott thanking Murray for £15 sent, not his first donation towards relief. "Our misery and our sufferings are beyond measure; upwards of 1,300 died in this abandoned and neglected parish within the past fourteen months out of a population of 6,700, and our sad prospects this day appear more awful and gloomy than ever. Famine. Pestilence. Swellings. Despair. 84 children died of measles in the past 12 days all under five year's of age. With £10 of your money I will buy seed potatoes for the people; the rest I must spend on meal or they will die. In many villages the houses are levelled to the ground and people are wandering about without outdoor or indoor relief; they are frightful spectres to behold." 4 Apr. 1848. 76 Fr J. McNally, P.P. Rooskey, to Fr Synnott, thanking him for £10 sent by Murray; 20 poor families, with one rood of land each will receive 10/- worth of seed potatoes. 5 Apr. 1848. 77 Two letters, written on same date, one to Murray, the other to Fr Synnott, (on behalf of the Sacred Heart nuns in Roscrea) from Fr Blake, P.P. Roscrea, thanking them for a donation of £10 sent to feed poor children in their school. 8 Apr. 1848. 78 Sr A. M. Griffin to Murray, thanking him for £10 received by her (address St Mary's Priory, no town given) for relief of their school

74 children and the poor they visit; the destitution is even greater than in the previous two years. 12 April 1848. 79 Fr Peter Fitzmaurice, P.P. and Ballindoon () to Fr Synnott thanking Murray for £15 received for famine relief; he thinks his is the most destitute parish in Ireland; three-fifths of his people are sick; his days are spent writing tickets to the Poor Law Guardians and Relieving Officers "to give to the walking skeletons the food suited to their exhausted state". If Government Aid is not forthcoming the whole parish faces extermination. 12 Apr. 1848. 80 Fr John Fitzgerald, P.P. Ballinakill, Clifden, to Fr Synnott, thanking him for £15 famine relief received. In a postscript he asks if he is entitled to claim any relief from the Central Committee. 15 Apr. 1848. 81 Fr Rd. Walsh, P.P. Killuran, , to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for £15 famine relief which is relieving many familes in distress. 13 Apr. 1848. 81a J. MacHale, Castlebar, to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for £15 famine relief. 14 Apr. 1848. 82 Fr Peter Ward, P.P., V.F., Aughagower (Westport) to Murray, thanking him for £15 sent through Fr Synnott. The people are perishing of starvation daily, banished without coffins everywhere "as the living are not able to carry the remains to the graveyard"; he thinks one third of his parishioners will perish before the first of August. There is no employment and no adequate relief; he mentions that he had the honour to be a pupil of the late Dr Curtis. 14 Apr. 1848. 83 Fr. Martin Browne, P.P., Balla, to Fr Synnott thanking Murray for £15 famine relief. He proposes spending this on seed potatoes but if the smallholders attempt to crop their land they will deprive themselves of all means of supporting their families for the remainder of the year; others, with no land, have nothing and are starving now. The present Poor Law debars them from relief though "they have scarcely the strength to support their emaciated and tottering frames; still they cling with undying tenacity to their land hoping that the Government will commence some public works. Not a single labourer is employed in this parish, either under drainage or the Land Improvement Act. No attempt is made

75 to provide employment lor the poor; if something is not done soon there will be nothing for his people until 1849. All the local landlords, except Robert Lynch, Newport and Mr Blake, Ballinafad are absentees; he explains how seed is preferable to meal, the price of which must be refunded to the Central Relief Committee". 14 Apr. 1848. 84 Fr Michael Gallagher, P.P., Achill, to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for £20 famine relief; the money has enabled him to rescue many from a local proselytiser; "also the efforts of the impious Nangle to pervert my starving people have of late been much frustrated". 14 Apr. 1848'. 85 Fr Lyons, P.P. Kilmeen, to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for money received. There were two coroner's inquests within 10 days in one village in his parish, only a mile from the workhouse, both people who died of actual want, he protested to the Poor Law Commissioners who dismissed the elected Board and appointed paid Guardians who are improving things somewhat. People considered comfortable are now in distress; if the government does not act immediately there will be calamitous results for both landlords and people. 15 Apr. 1848. 86 Patrick MacLoughlin, Kiltulla, , to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for £15 relief. he complains of a Protestant clergyman, Blundell, who is proselytising, he is in his way as bad as Nangle ever was. The landlords, Protestants and bigots, aid him; he influences them to evict poor Catholics and give their holdings to Protestants, but if the R.C.'s attend church they will not be disturbed; he has money from England which he uses to proselytise. 15 Apr. 1848. 87 Fr Rd. Henry, Islandeady, Castlebar, to Fr Synnott, thanking him for 15 pounds famine relief sent by Murray. From 15 to 20 persons die each day in his parish from actual starvation. 16 Apr. 1848. 88 Fr Eugene Coyne, P.P. Annagh, Ballyhaunis, to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for £15 sent. His people get neither indoor or outdoor relief as Castlebar workhouse is filled with people adjoining the town; the outdoor relief is irregular. If the Central Committee could be got to believe that hundreds will die of starvation unless quickly relieved he is sure they would send funds, if any remain. He thinks his parish the worst o f f of any; his people have no landlords or anyone to do anything for them except himself; "the lands re in chancery and the landlords in some safe hiding place." On his visits he finds the people lying on their beds with hunger, fever and dysentry — the result of unwholesome food. "If you were to see my house surrounded every day with starving countenances you would pity me and them." Further on same. 17 Apr. 1848. 89 John Martyn (address not given) to Fr Synnott thanking him for £15 from Murray who will be daily remembered in the people's prayers. 17 Apr. 1848. 90 Fr Peter Ward, P.P Aughagower to Fr Synnott. (cf. 75 and 82 above). He thanks Murray for a donation of £15; the people are starving and the poorhouse of no use when there are thousands seeking relief, he gives names of whole families who died within a few days, all from hunger. Those who got seed for oats and flax are unable to till the ground; there is no work for labourers. He asks that the facts he gives be brought to the notice of the Charitable Committee. 17 Apr. 1848. 91 Revd Fr MacArthur, (?) to Fr Synnott thanking him for £15 sent by Murray. 18 Apr. 1848. 92 Fr James Browne, Ballintubber, Ballyglass to Murray, thanking him for £15 received. He is leaving for Castlebar to preach a Passion sermon. "Ballintubber is gone — alas! my fine, virtuous holy people have been starved to death. The landlords of all sects and creeds conspired for their extinction — the Catholic landlords the most cruelly disposed. We are our selves nearly reduced to the level of our people; how inscrutable the design of heaven." 19 Apr. 1848. 93 Sr M. Teresa Tucker, Presentation Convent (Tuam ?), no address given to Fr Synnott thanking him and through him Murray for money received for relief. 20 Apr. 1848. 94 Sisters of Mercy, Westport, to (a) Fr Synnott (b) Murray (two duplicate letters) thanking them for £15 famine relief received. Faster Sunday 16/23 Apr. 1848. 95 Fr James Clarke, P.P. Drommelly, Newtownbutler, to Fr Synnott thanking Murray (who ordained Fr Clarke) for £15 famine relief. 20 Apr. 1848. 96 Fr Patrick MacManus, P.P. (Classboyne) Kilgeever, Louisburgh, to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for "this large donation". Holy Thursday (13/20 Apr. 1848).

77 97 Fr Synnott from Fr Michael Phen/Shaw (?) P.P. thanking the Central Relief Committee for £15 received for his parishioners. 21 Apr. 1848. 98 Sr M. O'Donal, Rahoen N. School, to Fr Synnott thanking Murray for his donation for the poor. 21 Apr. 1848. 99 Fr Moylan, P.P. Castletown (Kilmore Erris ?) to Fr Synnott thanking Murray lor £15, which will save many from a premature death. 21 Apr. 1848. 100 Fr Wm Robinson, C.C. , Joyce Country, to Fr Synnott. He thanks Murray for £15 received and gives reasons why the people in his care, all destitute, could not possibly accept the offer of seed as they would be unable to repay the loan as the rules require. Besides, the land is poor, all mountain and bog; he is the only clergyman of any denomination within a radius of twelve miles. He thinks, because of the special circumstances, the Joyce country should be an exception to the rules laid down by the Relief Committee and the people be sent seed without having to promise repayment within the stated time. 22 Apr. 1848. 101 Fr John Noone, Moone (?) M. . . (Milltown ?) to Fr Synnott. He was preaching a Passion sermon in and did not receive Fr Synnott's letter until last night. He thanks Murray for £15 received. This being Faster Sunday he can write no more. 23 Apr. 1848. 102 Fr J. Fitzpatrick, Adm. Skibbereen, to Fr Synnott. He thanks Murray for money received; his poor people are deeply grateful. 25 Apr. 1848. 103 Fr Ed. Waldron, P.P. Kilmolara, Kilmaine, Ballinrobe, to Fr Synnott. He sends thanks to Murray for £15 received for the poor of his parish. The landlords and their agents neglect the people except when they think they may get money from them. 22 Apr. 1848. 104 Letter from Fr John McCullagh (?), P.P. (Killanin South and west to Tully). He thanks Murray for £15 sent for the poor. He used to have 5,000 people in his parish, 1,000 have died from famine and its after effects. More would have perished but for £43 sent by Dr MacHale and small supplies of meal given by the Society of Friends, and now, when that was exhausted, the £15 has come. "From the haughty manner in which the outdoor relief is being administered here not more than quarter of those qualified 78

by the quarter-acre test is getting it. The condition of the recipients of this miserable pittance is far better than that of many who cling to their wretched rack-rented holdings." The landlords, all absentees, exact 30/- to 40/- an acre for what is worth less than 3/- and promise them food and seed which they do not give them. The fever hospital only holds 50, but there are 200 cases; the priests are daily attending the dying. He condemns the cruelty of the Blakes of Tully and Gurtamara (agent and landlord) who knocked 50 cabins and left people to die in the ditches. 22 Apr. 1848. 105 Fr James Dwyer, P.P. Lackagh, , to Fr Synnott thanking the Central Relief Committee for £15 for his poor parishioners. That morning he attended nine persons sick in one house, all suffering from typhus; "the father, mother and seven children had not the means of cooling their parched tongues, only one drink of water between all and only one feeble creature able to answer their cries; all were huddled together in the same room with hardly any covering." He has just heard that the father has died; he hopes that money (sent by Murray and Fr Synnott) which has sent the family will help save the others; others are dying in ditches or in shacks thrown together; he is their only visitor and he has to crawl on hands and knees to get into these abodes of death. 1848. 106 M. M., Clonbur (?) to Fr Synnott. He thanks Murray for £15 received; his next door neighbour from whom he rented his house has just died of fever, leaving seven orphans and a wife who is also dying. During the past two years the dead man distributed thousands of pounds of meal to the people. Fever and dysentery have decimated the population of his parish. Not withstanding all the wretchedness and privations, no person in his parish was buried without a coffin, except three buried in his absence and these were covered. 27 Apr. 1848. 107 Fr John Gibbons, P.P., Roundstone, to Fr Synnott thanking for £15 sent for famine relief. 3 May 1848. 108 Fr Francis Arthur, C.C. Kinvara to Fr Synnott, thanking for £10 sent and also thanking Murray for replying to his queries in a former letter. 20 May 1848. 109 Fr Michael Enright, P.P. Castletown Berehaven, to Murray. His people are worse off even than in 1847 and the Poor Law is in adequate and operated in such a manner that it only protracts the sufferings of the destitute. He begs Murray to urge the Relief Committee to help. 9 June 1848. 79 110 Fr Martin Hart, P.P. Ballycastle (and Doonfeeny, Killala Diocese) to Fr Synnott. He asks Fr Synnott to try and obtain some relief for his parishioners, to counteract the proselytisers who have come from the Belfast Societies and are very active for over a year in his area and are also buying up land there to found a colony. They have abundant money and offer money and meal on Sundays, but, so far, thank God, no perverts. He gives further details re proselytising activities. 19 June 1848. 111 Fr Peter Ward, P.P Partry, to Fr Synnott thanking him for £20 famine relief received. The people are in great distress and have not eaten since last Thursday, the outdoor relief is scanty, supplying food for only two or three days a week. If they can only last out until the harvest which promises to be good, "but every day seems an age". He sends grateful thanks to Murray. 25 June 1848. 112 Fr Noone Menloe, , to Fr Synnott, acknowledging £15 famine relief. The outdoor relief act is working so badly in his parish that only for what Fr Synnott sends they would be ruined. The poor are treated in a most inhumane manner; economy is the order of the day and "the misnamed guardians look on with indifference; while deaths multiply daily; the next six weeks are critical; all sources of charity have now being drained and the poor are falling and dying on the roads"; he lists all the authorities he applied to for help — in vain. 25 June 1848. 113 Fr James Dwyer, P.P. Lackagh, Claregalway, to Fr Synnott thanking him for £20 received for famine relief from Murray. He is most grateful. 26 June 1848. 114 Fr Wm Flanelly, C.C. Ballinakill, Clifden, to Fr Synnott, thanking him for the donation received for famine relief from Murray. He regrets that he is not allowed to thank Murray through the public press, and he wishes that he could make the sufferings of the poor be heard by the rich ones of this life. 27 June 1848. 115 Fr Madden, P.P. Lisacul, Ballaghadereen, to Fr Synnott thanking him for £20 famine relief received. Four died of starvation in his parish last week; for the next month they will be in great need as fever and dysentry are increasing. 28 June 1848. 116 Fr Frederick Waldron, C.C. Aughagower, Westport, to Fr Synnott, thanking him for £15 famine relief received. 30 June 1848.

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117 Fr Thomas Hardiman, Adm. Kilmecna, Westport, to Fr Synnott; he reminds him that his parish did not receive one pound in 1848 though neighbouring parishes did. Since the first times of the famine he never saw such appalling sights as he now sees in his populous parish; if they could get something to see them through into August they might be all right as the crops are promising. 118 Dr George Browne, Bishop of Elphin, in London, to Murray. He forwards £300 famine relief money sent by the Bishop of Liege. He discusses how the funds are being distributed which he leaves to Murray's discretion, "not even putting in a word for poor Elphin"' as he thinks other dioceses in Connaught and Minister are in greater need. 6 July 1848. 119 Letter from Fr Phillips, in London with Dr Browne (cf. preceding) to Murray, saying how the £300 is being forwarded. 7 July 1848. 120 Fr Synnott to Murray (in Rahan) re the distribution of the £300 mentioned in preceding. There is great need in the West where the landlords are evicting the people in the most cruel manner. 15 July 1848. 121 Letter from Fr Anthony Magan, C.C. Aughagower, to Fr Synnott, begging for some relief money. His parishioners are dying dailv. 5 Nov. 1848. 122 Fr Flannelly, Ballinakill, Clifden, to Murray. He thanks Murray for coming to his aid previously, but now the description of his parishioners' privations baffles him. The workhouse cannot hold a fifth of those seeking admission; the auxiliary workhouses not yet built and no employment, the landlords bankrupt and tenant starving, selling even their beds to make the passage money to America. He begs some help. 7 Nov. 1 848. 123 Fr Joseph McGuinness, C.C. Castlebar (Borrishoole) to Murray Fever and dysentry in his district compels him to write; the people are dying daily, resignedly; no relief from any quarter; he has not sixpence, not even a penny to buy them a bowl of whey; he heavy hearted each day after ministering to the dying. He begs help. 20 Nov. 1848. 124 Fr Thos. Timlin, Ballisakeary, Ballina, to Fr Synnott. Christmas approaches; it used to be a happy time for his parishioners; this year these faithful people are unable to buy even a pound Indian meal. He is torn with distress, "finding myself between the dying and the dead and unable to help them in their need". He asks Fr Synott to again approach the Central Relief Committee or to ask Murray can he send any help. 19 Dec. 1848. 125 Fr Joseph McGuinness, C.C. (cf. 123 above) to Fr Synnott thanking him for forwarding money sent by Murray and describing the privations of his people. 29 Dec. 1848. 126 Fr Byrne, Adm. Kilbecanty, , to Fr Synnott. He still hopes for something from the Relief Committee but hears that they have not held meetings for some time past; but aid is desperately needed now, as many are dying, "a slow but dire death". He begs for relief from any source; the weather is severe which adds to the misery. Dec. 1848. 127 To Murray from Dr F. M. Nurthoff, a parish priest in Westphalia (Munster Diocese) sending money for famine relief. 3 March 1848. 128 Mgr Sedlag, Bishop of Culmen (Poland) to Murray sending money collected for famine relief. 15 Aug. 1848. 129 Mgr Drepper, Bishop of Paderborn, to Murray, sending £792 for famine relief. 24 Jan. 1848. 130 Mgr Melcher, V.G. of Munster Diocese, to Murray. As he had no reply to his letter of 22 August, re the important matter of alms for the poor in Ireland, he wishes to know did Murray receive £500 sent or what measures Murray has taken to recover it. 22 Nov. 1848. 131 Same to same. He knows Murray has done his utmost to recover the £500 sent, but he himself has to account to the donors so he asks to be told of the correspondence with the Bank of Ireland, and of how far things are now advanced. He has further alms to send but is waiting for news re the £500. 27 Dec. 1848. 132 Fr James White P.P. (Kilmashalgan) Dromore West, to Fr Synnott, thanking him for £10 famine relief. 30 Dec. 1848. 133 Fr Edward Waldron, P.P. Kilmolara, Kilmaine (written from Neale, Ballinrobe) to Fr Synnott thanking him in the name of his parishioners for £10 famine relief received. He regrets to say that things are worse than ever in his parish. On Christmas Eve the Sherriff, with horse and foot soldiers, police and a posse of well- paid men came to evict 48 poor tenants and levelled their houses. These people are now wandering about the roads, there is no room for them in the workhouse and they sleep in places not fit for pigs; it is terrible to see how men are treated by their fellow-men. 31 Dec. 1848. 134 Fr Wm Flannelly, P.P. Ballinakill, Clifden, to Fr Synnott, thanking Murray for famine relief received. At no time during the famine were things as bad. He is beginning to despair and thinks the Poor Law a sham and the landlord class try to frustrate its operation, bad as that is. He hopes that Fr Synnott will recommend his area to the Relief Commissioners, if still in being. 30 Dec. 1848. 135 Receipt from Sr M. McDonnell, Convent of Mercy, Sligo, for £5 for the relief of the poor. 13 Oct. 1848. 136 Four small envelopes, postmarks, Tuam, Tuam, Galway and Ballaghadereen. Dates in 1848. No enclosures. (They may have contained some of the letters in Famine Relief Folder). Also two stamped embossed envelopes. QUEEN'S COLLEGES

137 A book, in Italian by Dr MacHale, Tuam and Dr O'Higgins, Ardagh. Brief outline of the system of mixed education about to be established in Ireland in the Queen's Colleges. 42 Pages, published in Rome 1848. 138 Letter (printed) from the Lord Lieutenant (Lord Clarendon) to Murray; he is sorry for the delay in revising the Statutes for the Queen's Colleges, but the government was wholly occupied with famine relief and, anyway, the Colleges will not be ready before the end of 1849. He encloses some extracts from the statutes concerning professors and students on religious points. The list of visitors is not yet fixed but it will include Archbishops and bishops. Further re same. 19 Apr. 1848.

139 Attached to preceding. Extracts from statutes mentioned. 140 Attached to the two preceding (Printed also). Observations on the letter of the Lord Lieutenant to the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin. Though unsigned, this is evidently from Dr MacHale and other bishops opposed to the Colleges. Lord Clarendon is attacked and Murray accused of not laying all the statutes before the Holy See. 1848.

83 141 Printed (in Italian). A copy of extracts (from 139 above) the statutes of the Queen's Colleges (revised statutes) with a translation of the Lord Lieutenant's letter to Murray (138 above). 1848. TO ROME

142 Draft of a Memorial (in Italian) to the Pope by Dr MacHale and Dr O'Higginsof Ardagh, on the Queen's Colleges. This was presented to His Holiness during their visit to Rome in 1848 and is evidently part of the Draft Memorial incorporated in the printed book (No. 137 above). 1848.

143 Second copy of same. 1848

144 Incomplete copy of same 1848. 145 Letter from Murray with copy in Murray's hand to Cardinal Franzoni (copy written in Mgr Curren's hand). On the decision of the Holy Sec condemning the Queen's Colleges in the letter of Pope Pius IX dated 11 October 1848 (A copy of Murray's letter sent to Dr Cullen for transmission to the Holy See). He completely accepts Propaganda's letter of 11 October expressing the Pope's wishes and he will take no part in implementing the government law erecting the new Colleges in Cork, Belfast and Galway, though, in his opinion, they would be useful and suitable in the prevailing cumstances in Ireland. He explains the part he took hitherto and his delay in agreeing to act on the appointment of Professors for the Colleges until he had communicated with Rome. None of the Colleges suggested was to be in Dublin. In that Province there was the Protestant University set up by Elizabeth I for the propagation of Protestantism in Ireland. All the professors there are Protestants and young Catholics who flock there to obtain qualifications in law, medicine etc have frequently lost their faith. The present R.C. Archbishop of Cashel was one of the few educated there who did not succumb to these dangers. Murray had hoped that the new Colleges Would in great measure obviate the necessity of R.C. boys going to Trinity; he outlines the precautions he and those of like opinion had succeeded in obtaining; there is absolutely no hope of erecting a Catholic University in the foreseeable future. So his actions in this matter were what he, in conscience, believed to be for the best; that was why he set out all the circumstances clearly for consideration by the Pope and Propaganda. Now, however, having fulfilled his duty, he acquiesces with all his heart to the Decree of 11 October 1848. 30 Dec. 1848.

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FROM THE HOLY SEE

146 Cardinal Franzoni to Murray. Propaganda is disturbed following recent reports in English newspapers regarding the involvement of Irish ecclesiastics in civil business and political matters and that some, by indiscreet preaching or even by direct incitement have contributed to the repeated bloodshed and violence in Ireland. The clergy must know that the house of God is not the place for politics nor ministers of God anything other than servants of God and ministers of peace. Murray is asked to send a full report on all this and to urge his clergy to avoid entanglement in worldly affairs and to give no pretext whereby the sacred ministry could be traduced. 3 Jan. 1848. 147 (Enclosed with the preceding). Draft of Murray's reply to 146. Propaganda need not worry that any Irish priest would incite to homicide or show approval of it in any way, indeed they constantly denounce it. Nevertheless, in the past, some have on occasion spoken imprudently or written imprudently; and this in such a manner that outsiders were given grounds for attacking the sacred ministry. And, as is well known, certain landlords assert their legal rights and treat their tenants cruelly; hence these were attacked by public men who wish to rouse them (tenants) against the landlords and the government, partly to win popularity for themselves and partly to win support for their political movement; also to show up the injustices of the laws which were framed for the advantage of the rich and the oppression of the poor. Certain priests, moved by compassion for the poor, attacked these landlords in the public press, at gatherings, and occasionally in the church; Murray did not regard this as grave imprudence. But the culmination of all this was the outbreak of violence (among oppressed tenants) and the several brutal murders of landlords etc. When a priest is accused of incitement the authorities do not bring him to court but refer him to his Ordinary for investigation and sanctions. Of course the enemies of Irish Catholics give widespread publicity to the outrages and blame the priests. Certain priests have taken open part in politics and encouraged their people to contribute to Repeal (of Union) Collections outside their churches but some were led into this by the example of their bishops who attack Her Majesty's government and seek to bring it into contempt and to rouse public opinion against it. Murray has already adumbrated these difficulties in a letter dated 11 December 1845. 3 Feb. 1848. 118 Letter from Cardinal Barnabo to Murray, empowering the Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland with their parish priests to dispense the faithful from the obligation of hearing Mass on certain feasts, 6 Feb. 1848. 85