Leonid Grigorenko

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna, Russia

Theoretical basics and modern status of radioactivity studies

Lecture 1: JINR, Dubna, Russia JINR foundation - 1956

Three years after Stalin death

Two years after CERN foundation

11 Member countries

Dubna synchrotron 1957 10 GeV protons Last and largest accelerator “Atom is not a soldier – atom is worker!” in soft focusing scheme, monstrous magnets Their iron yokes are now used as USSR on the way to more openness radiation shield for NICA booster However, understood specifically JINR location “Dubna island” – the “institute” part of the city is encircled by 3 rivers: Close to Moscow (100 km) and easy Volga, Dubna and Volga-Moscow to control – poorly populated channel region with swamps, forests and rivers surrounding the site

Moscow district Dubna science Two main sites of JINR: low-energy and high-energy

Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics

Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics

Laboratory of Information Technologies

Laboratory of Radiation Biology

Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Dubna University Dubna city

“Rainbow” plant

Kamov helicopter plant

Reindustrialization of Russia Two “Free economical areas”

“Beta” film irradiation facility Cold sterilization Flerov lab is among world leaders

Mass production at “Beta” facility Sterilization without thermal processing, e.g. by gas, x-rays, UV light, electron beam

One type of CS is very special. The only applicable in faint applications like molecular microbiology, etc.: nuclearpore membrane sterilization

Pores from 10 to 0.01 mm Even virus can not get through!

Production: - Heavy ion irradiation - Chemical “track etching” Volga-Moscow channel near Dmitrov – the limiting point of fascist army advance to Some history Moscow in winter 1941-1942

IL-2 ground attack plane First breeds of 1941 – no rear machine-gunner Excavated from swamp 7 years ago

Dubna Dmitrov

Moscow Some views – Ivankovskoe water reservoir near Dubna in winter Some views – Volga river gateway: here is Lenin, Stalin has left us Some views – Bogolyubov, Flerov, Kurchatov, and Visotskiy Some views – pigeon monument Some views – Dubna day in the middle of summer

Fireworks on the north side of Volga river Competitions of fire + music shows High-energy cite of JINR – NICA project High-energy cite of JINR – NICA project in construction Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) physics

The map of nuclides “Isle of stability” for superheavies: - 254 stable nuclides, We just “touched” a - 339 can be found in nature bit of its “shore”… - Around 3100 RI are known - Around 2500 to be discovered

Proton dripline: Limits of nuclear Achieved and structure existence: studied for Z<32 Are known only for the lightest nuclei

Exotic structure of exotic nuclides: - Neutron/proton halo - Neutron skin - “Soft” excitation modes Neutron dripline: - Breakdown of shell structure Achieved and studied for N<20 - New “magic numbers” Motivation – Applications to nucleosynthesys

s-process rp-process fragment

rp-process

r-process

 Hydrostatic burning – slow process  Explosive burning – rapid processes  Where does it take place?  Every day observed violent events in space are produced by rp-processes  Element abundance in space is connected with r-processes  No quantitative understanding until the driplines are studied in details

Motivation – Applications All the heavy elements in the to neutron stars Universe are produced in explosive nucleosynthesys PV = (m/m) RT Supernovae explosions. How we get Equation of state for ideal gas. from neutron star to Supernova? What about nuclear matter? Neutron star: very large nucleus with Known nuclei: practically symmetric absolutely asymmetric nuclear matter nuclear matter

Moving towards the driplines we get experimental knowledge about more and more asymmetric nuclear matter What we already have at Flerov lab

Ускоритель У-400 Elements 102 - 108 and 113 - 118 were synthesized at FLNR JINR

Superheavy “isle of stability” discovered

New elements 114Fl Flerovium 116Lv Livermorium 113Nh Nihonium 115Mc Moscovium 117Ts Tennessine 118Og Oganesson recognized recently Fragment-separator ACCULINNA: Studies of the light RIBs

Ускоритель У-400М The only facility for RIB studies in Russia, CIS, and Easten Europe 7-year planning prospects

“Factory of superheavy Near future elements” Stage: mounting of equipment Investment: ~55 M€ ??? Long-time prospects

Facility based on ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator Near future Stage: first experiments in the fall of 2017 Investment: ~10 M€ New facilities at FLNR: “factory of superheavies”

DC-280 cyclotron specifically adopted for superheavy elements synthesis

Building of “Factory of superheavy elements” New facilities at FLNR: “superlights”

ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator ACCULINNA-2 and zero-angle spectrometer delivered by “SigmaPhi” French ion optics solutions provider

U-400M cyclotron

Zero-angle spectrometer in the low-background experimental hall Huge increase in the Big, bigger, the biggest scale of modern and prospective RIB facilities: Price tag 1-2 G€ SPIRAL 2

FAIR

FRIB

U400M hall

Is it possible to have world competitive RIBF RIB program with modest investment scale? Empty “ecological niche”

Underdeveloped field: Empty field: studies of RIBs storage ring physics with RIBs in electron-RIB collider

Studies of RIB storage ring Isochronous mass electromagnetic spectromentry formfactors of exotic nuclei in e-RIB collider

Precision reaction electron studies on internal gas jet target storage ring

Atomic physics Etc…. studies with Radioactivity striped ions studies with striped ions Electron scattering Robert Hofstadter 1915-1990, 1961 Nobel Prize "for his pioneering studies of electron After masses, the radial properties scattering in atomic nuclei and are the most important for his consequent discoveries characteristics of nuclei concerning the structure of nucleons.."  First Born approximation, fast electrons, relatively light nuclei Electromagnetic probe is электроны, достаточно легкие ядра the most reliably studied - Electron scattering

 Charge formfactor, charge radius

- Experiments in traps – “static” EM - Electron scattering – characteristics -> derivation of rch differenttial characteristics Why it has happened this way? TSR/ISOLDE@CERN

ELISe/NESR@FAIR ESR/CRYRING@GSI

MUSES@RIKEN RI-Ring@RIKEN

HIRFL-CSR@Lanzhou HIAF

– A lot of ring projects – serious interest to the topic – All the ring projects with e-collider abilities were

cancelled or indefinitely postponed Не Не масштабе в FLNR prehistory. К4-К10. Yu.Ts. Oganessian et. al., U-400M primary beam Z. Phys. A341 (1992) 217

K4 ring (field 4 Tm) - Storage - Cooling К4 - Bunching - Acceleration

Separation channel (fragment separator)

K10 ring (field 10 Tm) - Superhigh resolution spectrometer К10 - Inner gas jet target reactions

Electron – radioactive ion collider DERICA stages 0 -1

Continuity of Minimization of scientific program technological risks DERICA stages 2 - 4

Spacious cite for New experimental development opportunities on each stage Good upgrade prospects Advantages of the proposed facility

Staged development Unique opportunities - Continuity and flexibility of - World most intense RIBs with the research program intermediate energy (20-70 AMeV) - Low technological risks for reaction studies - Highly upgradable facility - Neutron target (?) design - e-RIB collider experiment

Unusual facility layout

Ordinary approach 1: Ordinary approach 2: ISOL RIB production In-flight RIB production + RIB + reaccelerated RIBs up to 10 AMeV cooling in intermediate storage ring

DERICA approach: In-flight RIB production + RIB “cooling” in gas cell + reaccelerated RIBs up to 300 AMeV Activities for young researches at Dubna

20 event only this summer Nowadays well sponsored for young researches

- Summer Student Programme at JINR UC, JINR 01 June - 30 September 2017 - 6th Conference-School of Young Scientific and Specialists of JINR Alushta-2017 Resort Hotel «Dubna», Alushta, Crimea 12 - 19 June 2017 Training Program for Specialists from JINR Member States Visit Centre, JINR 19 - 25 June 2017 - JINR School for Teachers of Physics from JINR Member States UC, JINR 25 June - 01 July 2017 - Third International Summer School and Workshop on Complex and Magnetic Soft Matter Systems: Physico-mechanical properties and structure FLNP, JINR 28 - 30 June 2017 - Second stage of the International Student Practice UC, JINR 02 - 22 July 2017 - International Conference «Mathematical Modeling and Computational Physics» (MMCP2017) LIT, JINR 03 - 07 July 2017 - 3rd Summer School «Sociocultural Morphology of a Small Town: authors, practices, institutions (Dubna)» JINR Public Library 04 - 14 July 2017 - - Helmholtz International Summer School «Nuclear Theory and Astrophysical Applications» BLTP, JINR 10 - 22 July 2017 - Mini-Workshop on “Lattice and Functional Techniques for Exploration of Phase Structure and Transport Properties in Quantum Chromodynamics” BLTP, JINR 10 - 14 July 2017 - 17th international scientific Baikal Summer School on Physics of Elementary Particles and Astrophysics Bolshie Koty, Irkutsk region, Russia 13 - 20 July 2017 - 21st Summer School for Young Scientific and Specialists, Lipnya-2017 Tourist Base "Lipnya", Dubna 14 - 16 July 2017 - 11th APCTP-BLTP JINR-PNP NRC KI-SbSU Joint Workshop «Modern Problems in Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics». St. Petersburg, Russia 23 - 28 July 2017 - International Conference «Classical and Quantum Integrable Systems» (CQIS-2017) BLTP, JINR 24 - 29 July 2017 - International Workshop «Supersymmetries and Quantum Symmetries» (SQS’2017) BLTP, JINR 31 July - 05 August 2017 - 29th Interregional Computer School RH “Ratmino”, Dubna 02 - 20 August 2017 - International School «Advanced Methods of Modern Theoretical Physics: Integrable and Stochastic Systems» ICH, Dubna 06 - 12 August 2017 - Helmholtz International Summer School «Lattice QCD, Hadron Stucture and Hadronic Matter» BLTP, JINR 20 August - 02 September 2017 - 18th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics MSU, Moscow, Russia 24 - 30 August 2017 - 12th International Scientific Workshop in Memory of Professor V.P.Sarantsev «Problems of Colliders and Charged Particle Accelerators» Alushta, Crimea 03 - 08 September 2017 EXON Conference EXOtic Nuclei Exotic places in Russia

Kizi muzeum of northen- Russia wooden architecture not far from Petrozavodsk Conducted every 2 years in famous or unusual palaces in Russia

Khanti-Mansiysk 2010 Petrozavodsk 2018

Kaliningrad 2014 Kazan 2016 Vladivostok 2012 Welcome to Dubna!