DOCSLIB.ORG

Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase Promotes the Proliferation And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase Promotes the Proliferation And Zong et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy (2015) 17:100 DOI 10.1186/s13075-015-0619-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis Ming Zong, Tianbao Lu, Shasha Fan, Hui Zhang, Ruhan Gong, Lishan Sun, Zhiyan Fu and Lieying Fan* Abstract Introduction: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the role of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in the proliferation of RA-FLS. Methods: The distribution of GPI in synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. FLS were isolated and cultured, cellular GPI level was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis, and secreted GPI was detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) was used to induce apoptosis. Cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Results: GPI was abundant in RA-FLS and was an autocrine factor of FLS. The proliferation of both RA and OA FLS was increased after GPI overexpression, but was decreased after GPI knockdown. Meanwhile, exogenous GPI stimulated, while GPI antibody inhibited, FLS proliferation. GPI positively regulated its receptor glycoprotein 78 and promoted G1/S phase transition via extracellular regulated protein kinases activation and Cyclin D1 upregulation. GPI inhibited ADR-induced apoptosis accompanied by decreased Fas and increased Survivin in RA FLS. Furthermore, GPI increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by FLS. Conclusions: GPI plays a pathophysiologic role in RA by stimulating the proliferation, inhibiting the apoptosis, and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of FLS. Introduction microenvironment through directly producing pro- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory inflammatory factors or indirectly activating or recruit- joint disease that eventually leads to the destruction of ing other immune cells [1,2]. Therefore, FLS play a the joint architecture. Synovial hyperplasia is considered critical role in RA pathogenesis, and targeting FLS might a hallmark of RA, in which fibroblast-like synoviocytes improve clinical outcomes of inflammatory arthritis (FLS) and immune cells communicate in a unique in- without suppressing systemic immunity [3]. flammatory microenvironment. The hyperplasia of the Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; EC 5.3.1.9), also synovial lining is largely composed of increased numbers known as phosphoglucose isomerase and phosphohexose of FLS and macrophages. Other inflammatory cells, such isomerase, catalyzes the interconversion of D-glucose-6- as mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and lympho- phosphate and D-fructose-6-phosphate, a crucial step in cytes, are also recruited and accumulate in the sub lin- glycolysis and gluconeogenesis [4]. In addition to its en- ing. As they accumulate to form pannus tissue, RA-FLS zymatic activity, GPI acts as a cytokine and growth factor exhibit local tumor-like destructive and invasive charac- in a wide variety of extracellular processes [5-8]. GPI has teristics. Moreover, FLS contribute to the inflammatory been identified as a motility factor: autocrine motility fac- tor (AMF) [5], neuroleukin [7,8] or maturation factors [9]. * Correspondence: [email protected] AMF/GPI is a multifunctional cytokine that exhibits multi- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of functional growth factor-like activity via a unique cognate Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, People’s Republic of China 78 kDa (glycoprotein 78, gp78) seven-transmembrane © 2015 Zong et al.; licensee BioMed Central. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Zong et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy (2015) 17:100 Page 2 of 12 glycoprotein receptor (autocrine motility factor receptor, incubated with complete RPMI 1640 medium supple- AMFR)[10].ManystudieshaveshownthatAMFnotonly mented with 10% fetal calf serum in a humidified atmos- stimulates AMF-producing tumor cell motility in an auto- phere containing 5% CO2. The medium was changed every crine manner, but also acts as a paracrine factor for vein three to five days and non-adherent tissue pieces were endothelial cells. AMF induces angiogenesis by stimulating carefully removed. FLS were grown further over four to six cell motility and up-regulating vascular endothelial growth passages. To characterize the cytological phenotype of syn- factor receptor (VEGFR) expression [11]. Overexpression ovial cultures, the third passage cells were stained with of AMF/GPI and AMFR has been found in a wide mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to human fluorescein spectrum of malignancies, and is associated with cancer isothiocyanate (FITC)-CD14 and phycoerythrin (PE)-CD90 progression, metastasis and angiogenesis [12-16]. (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), and showed 2.8% The autoantibodies against glucose-6-phosphate isom- CD14 and 97.0% CD90 expression, as measured by flow erase (anti-GPI Abs) were present in the K/BxN T-cell cytometry. For cell treatment, FLS were treated with hu- receptor (TCR)-transgenic inflammatory arthritis mouse man GPI (Abcam product number: ab87625, endotoxin: model [17]. Furthermore, recombinant human GPI was <1 EU/μg protein, Cambridge, UK). shown to have the ability to induce chronic arthritis in the mice, which was major histocompatibility complex RNA interference and plasmid construction (MHC) associated and B-cell dependent [18]. The total To design specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting GPI protein level, in both enzymatically active and in- GPI and gp78 (named siGPI and sigp78), several sequences active forms, was significantly higher in the sera of RA from the human GPI gene were selected using BLOCK-iT™ patients compared with patients with other immune-based RNAi Designer (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). or non-immune-based inflammatory arthritis [19]. We pre- The target sequences for GPI siRNA (siGPI: 5′-CCATACG viously demonstrated that 76.1% of patients with RA, but GAAGGGTCTGCATCACAATT-3′), gp78 siRNA (sigp78: not controls, had increased concentration of soluble GPI in 5′-GTCG GCACAAGAACTATCTTT-3′) and negative their sera and synovial fluid (SF), and serum GPI concen- control siRNA (si-NC: 5′-TTCTCCGAA-CGTGTCAC tration was higher in active RA patients than in non-active GT-3′) were synthesized by Genepharma Inc (Shanghai, RA patients [20]. However, it remains unclear where exces- China). SiRNA transfection was performed using Lipofec- sive GPI comes from in RA joints, and whether it is associ- tamine® 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). According ated with joint tissue pathological changes of RA. In this to the sequence of GPI cDNA (NM_001184722.1), we de- study, we aimed to characterize the features of autocrine signed the primers 5′-CGGAATTCCA TGGTAGCTCTC GPIfromRA-FLS,andclarifytheroleofGPIintheregula- TGCAGCCT-3′ (forward) and 5′-CCCTCGAGGTTAT tion of FLS proliferation and apoptosis. TGGACTCTGG CCTCG C-3′ (reverse), and obtained the full length of GPI cDNA by PCR. GPI cDNA was Methods inserted into pcDNA3.1-Flag (Invitrogen) vector and plas- Patients and controls mid DNA transfection was performed using Lipofecta- Synovial tissues were obtained from eight RA patients mine -LTX (Invitrogen). PCI-Neo-gp78/JM20 (plasmid and eight osteoarthritis (OA) patients who underwent 13303) was purchased from Addgen (Teddington, UK). knee arthroscopic or replacement surgery at Shanghai East Hospital. Serum samples were taken before the sur- Immunohistochemical analysis gery from all 16 patients. All the subjects fulfilled the The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and embedded in paraffin. Next, the tissues were cut for the diagnosis of RA and OA [21]. Informed consent into 5-μm thick sections, deparaffinized and rehydrated. was obtained from all patients and the study protocol The sections were then subjected to hematoxylin and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai East eosin (H&E) or immunohistochemical staining. For immu- Hospital (2012-df-043). There were no differences in eth- nostaining, the sections were heated at 95°C for 20 minutes nicity among the groups and no patient with RA or OA with Dako Target Retrieval Solution (Dako, Copenhagen, had tumor and renal disease. RA patients were divided Denmark). Sections were incubated with mouse anti-GPI into two groups according to serum GPI level: GPI (+) RA mAb (1:500, Abcam Cambridge, UK) or mouse anti-gp78 and GPI (−) RA, with 0.2 mg/L as the cut-off value. mAb (1:100, Santa-Cruz Dallas, TX, USA) at 4°C overnight, and then incubated with second antibody (Envision™ Isolation and culture of fibroblast-like synoviocytes Detection Kit, Dako) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Synovial tissues were minced into pieces
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Supporting Information for a Microrna Network Regulates
    Supporting Information for A microRNA Network Regulates Expression and Biosynthesis of CFTR and CFTR-ΔF508 Shyam Ramachandrana,b, Philip H. Karpc, Peng Jiangc, Lynda S. Ostedgaardc, Amy E. Walza, John T. Fishere, Shaf Keshavjeeh, Kim A. Lennoxi, Ashley M. Jacobii, Scott D. Rosei, Mark A. Behlkei, Michael J. Welshb,c,d,g, Yi Xingb,c,f, Paul B. McCray Jr.a,b,c Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatricsa, Interdisciplinary Program in Geneticsb, Departments of Internal Medicinec, Molecular Physiology and Biophysicsd, Anatomy and Cell Biologye, Biomedical Engineeringf, Howard Hughes Medical Instituteg, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA-52242 Division of Thoracic Surgeryh, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada-M5G 2C4 Integrated DNA Technologiesi, Coralville, IA-52241 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Email: [email protected] (M.J.W.); yi- [email protected] (Y.X.); Email: [email protected] (P.B.M.) This PDF file includes: Materials and Methods References Fig. S1. miR-138 regulates SIN3A in a dose-dependent and site-specific manner. Fig. S2. miR-138 regulates endogenous SIN3A protein expression. Fig. S3. miR-138 regulates endogenous CFTR protein expression in Calu-3 cells. Fig. S4. miR-138 regulates endogenous CFTR protein expression in primary human airway epithelia. Fig. S5. miR-138 regulates CFTR expression in HeLa cells. Fig. S6. miR-138 regulates CFTR expression in HEK293T cells. Fig. S7. HeLa cells exhibit CFTR channel activity. Fig. S8. miR-138 improves CFTR processing. Fig. S9. miR-138 improves CFTR-ΔF508 processing. Fig. S10. SIN3A inhibition yields partial rescue of Cl- transport in CF epithelia.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising the Role of Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) in Autophagy and Cell Differentiation
    Characterising the role of Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) in autophagy and cell differentiation. Autophagy vs. aberrant osteoclastogenesis in the IBMPFD mouse model Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, October 2015 Milka B. Budnik-Zawilska Project Supervisors: Dr Giles Watts, Prof Ian Clark Norwich Medical School, Health Policy and Practice University of East Anglia This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 1 Contents LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 9 ABBREVATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Mutations in the VCP gene cause a
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphoglucose Isomerase / Autocrine Motility Factor / Neuroleukin
    A multifunctional protein : Phosphoglucose isomerase / autocrine motility factor / neuroleukin by Nathalie Y B.Sc, Universite de Montreal, 2004 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Anatomy) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2007 © Nathalie Y, 2007 II ABSTRACT Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a glycolytic enzyme that moonlights as a cellular cytokine. The protein is also known as autocrine motility factor (AMF), neuroleukin and maturation factor. PGI/AMF interaction with its receptor interaction is pH-dependent. Indeed, at neutral pH, PGI/AMF binds its receptor AMFR at the cell surface and can be endocytosed via two different pathways: caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis to the smooth ER or clathrin-dependent endocytosis to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Internalized PGI/AMF can recycle from MVBs to the plasma membrane where it can undergo further rounds of endocytosis and recycling. Recycling receptor-ligand complexes can also be sequestered via stable association with FN fibrils. Recent data show that, at acid pH, endocytosis is inhibited and PGI/AMF binds directly to FN fibrils or to HS. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, when expressed on the surface of cells, modulate the actions of a large number of extracellular ligands while fibronectin is involved in many cellular processes such as tissue repair and cell migration/adhesion. However, the mechanisms that regulate PGI/AMF binding to its receptors still remain unclear. PGI/AMF cytokine activity, associated with several diseases, has been reported in rheumatoid synovial fluid and its deposition on synovial surfaces and ability to induce an autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identified it as a possible autoantigen different from normal circulating PGI/AMF.
    [Show full text]
  • Autocrine Motility Factor Promotes Endometrial Cancer Progression By
    Li et al. Cell Communication and Signaling (2019) 17:22 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-019-0336-4 RESEARCH Open Access Autocrine motility factor promotes endometrial cancer progression by targeting GPER-1 Yiran Li1, Yuanhui Jia1, Yiding Bian2, Huan Tong2, Junjie Qu1, Kai Wang2* and Xiao-Ping Wan1* Abstract Background: Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is a critical factor regulating aggressiveness of endometrial cancer (EC). Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that it is through G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) signaling pathway that some growth factors promoted the migration and proliferation of tumor cells. The aim of this study is to explore the role of GPER-1 in AMF mediated regulatory mechanisms of EC recurrence and progression. Methods: Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) assays were performed to assess whether AMF depends on Autocrine motility factor recepter (AMFR) signaling in EC cells. A genome-wide expression microarray and Yeast Two-Hybrid assay were used to detect AMF and GPER-1 interaction in the context of AMFR depletion, and co- immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to confirm the physical interaction. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) analysis was used for the identification of the target pathway activated by AMF-GPER-1 interaction. Cohorts of mice harboring xenografts derived from modified SPEC2 cell lines were treated with or without exogenous AMF to validate the results of previous experiments. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess AMF and GPER-1 expression in endometrial cancer specimens and normal endometrium. Results: Our data showed that GPER-1 binds to AMF and the formed complex translocates from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm.
    [Show full text]
  • Overexpression of Autocrine Motility Factor in Metastatic Tumor Cells: Possible Association with Augmented Expression of KIF3A and GDI-B
    Laboratory Investigation (2004) 84, 513–522 & 2004 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/04 $25.00 www.laboratoryinvestigation.org Overexpression of autocrine motility factor in metastatic tumor cells: possible association with augmented expression of KIF3A and GDI-b Takashi Yanagawa1, Hideomi Watanabe1, Toshiyuki Takeuchi2, Shuhei Fujimoto3, Hideyuki Kurihara2,4 and Kenji Takagishi1 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; 2Department of Molecular Medicine; 3Department of Microbiology and 4Department of Neurosurgery Gunma University Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Autocrine motility factor (AMF), which is identical to phosphohexose isomerase (PHI)/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) , a ubiquitous enzyme essential for glycolysis, neuroleukin (NLK), a neurotrophic growth factor, and maturation factor (MF) mediating the differentiation of human myeloid cells, enhances the motility and metastatic ability of tumor cells. AMF/PHI activity is elevated in the serum or urine in patients with malignant tumors. Here, we constructed an amf/phi/nlk/mf gene using adenovirus vector and transfected into two tumor cell lines. Overexpression of AMF/PHI/NLK/MF enhanced AMF secretion into the culture media in both tumor cell lines. However, upregulation of motility and metastatic ability was found only in metastatic fibrosarcoma cells expressing an AMF receptor, gp78, and was not found in gp78-undetectable osteosarcoma cells. Thus, not only serum AMF activity but also gp78-expression in tumor cells may be required for metastasis-related motility induction. With the use of microarray analyses, we detected two augmented genes, rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta and kinesin motor 3A, as well as AMF itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Valosin-Containing Protein, a Calcium-Associated Atpase Protein, in Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Function and Its Implications for Diseases
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Valosin-Containing Protein, a Calcium-Associated ATPase Protein, in Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Function and Its Implications for Diseases Xiaonan Sun and Hongyu Qiu * Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institution of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +404-413-3371; Fax: +404-413-9566 Received: 9 May 2020; Accepted: 26 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrion are the key organelles in mammal cells and play crucial roles in a variety of biological functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Valosin-containing protein (VCP), a newly identified calcium-associated ATPase protein, has been found to be involved in both ER and mitochondrial function. Impairment of VCP, caused by structural mutations or alterations of expressions, contributes to the development of various diseases, through an integrating effect on ER, mitochondria and the ubiquitin–proteasome system, by interfering with protein degradation, subcellular translocation and calcium homeostasis. Thus, understanding the role and the molecular mechanisms of VCP in these organelles brings new insights to the pathogenesis of the associated diseases, and leads to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarized the progress of studies on VCP, in terms of its regulation of ER and mitochondrial function and its implications for the associated diseases, focusing on the cancers, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria; valosin-containing protein; calcium homeostasis; disease 1. Introduction The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the largest membrane organelles in cells, and plays an important role in protein synthesis, protein folding and quality control, lipid metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Section Review
    Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL AT INIST-CNRS Gene Section Review AMFR (autocrine motility factor receptor) Yalcin Erzurumlu, Petek Ballar Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey (YE, PB) Published in Atlas Database: August 2011 Online updated version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/AMFRID627ch16q12.html DOI: 10.4267/2042/47264 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2012 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology strand. The DNA of AMFR consists of 14 exons and Identity the coding sequence starts in the first exon. Other names: GP78, RNF45 Transcription HGNC (Hugo): AMFR The AMFR gene has two transcripts. One of these Location: 16q12.2 transcripts is 2249 bp long and is a processed transcript with no protein product. 3598 bp long second AMFR DNA/RNA transcript is a protein coding transcript (accession number: NM_001144). The DNA has been cloned in Description 1999 (Shimizu et al., 1999). The AMFR gene spans 64081 bases on minus AMFR gene genomic location at chromosome 16q12.2 (minus strand). A. The alignment of AMFR mRNA to its genomic sequence. B. AMFR mRNA and its amino acid coding. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2012; 16(1) 25 AMFR (autocrine motility factor receptor) Erzurumlu Y, Ballar P A schematic representation of the domain structure. Protein Expression gp78/AMFR is relatively ubiquitously expressed in Description normal human cells, especially highly in liver, heart AMFR belongs to the family of RING-Finger ubiquitin and lung. Northern blot analysis detected a 3.5-kb ligases.
    [Show full text]
  • Ncomms8838.Pdf
    ARTICLE Received 2 Feb 2015 | Accepted 17 Jun 2015 | Published 21 Jul 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8838 OPEN Functional genomics identifies negative regulatory nodes controlling phagocyte oxidative burst Daniel B. Graham1,2, Christine E. Becker3, Aivi Doan1, Gautam Goel3, Eduardo J. Villablanca1,2,3, Dan Knights4, Amanda Mok1, Aylwin C.Y. Ng1,5, John G. Doench1, David E. Root1, Clary B. Clish1 & Ramnik J. Xavier1,2,3,5,6 The phagocyte oxidative burst, mediated by Nox2 NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species, confers host defense against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Loss-of-function mutations that impair function of the Nox2 complex result in a life-threatening immunodeficiency, and genetic variants of Nox2 subunits have been implicated in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, alterations in the oxidative burst can profoundly impact host defense, yet little is known about regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune this response. Here we report the discovery of regulatory nodes controlling oxidative burst by functional screening of genes within loci linked to human inflammatory disease. Implementing a multi-omics approach, we define transcriptional, metabolic and ubiquitin-cycling nodes controlled by Rbpj, Pfkl and Rnf145, respectively. Furthermore, we implicate Rnf145 in proteostasis of the Nox2 complex by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Consequently, ablation of Rnf145 in murine macrophages enhances bacterial clearance, and rescues the oxidative burst defects associated with Ncf4 haploinsufficiency. 1 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. 2 Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. 3 Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Analysis of Signaling Pathways of Human Peritoneal
    Liu et al. BMC Nephrology (2019) 20:181 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-019-1376-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Transcriptome analysis of signaling pathways of human peritoneal mesothelial cells in response to different osmotic agents in a peritoneal dialysis solution Bin Liu1,2†, Shijian Feng1,3†, Ghida Dairi1,4, Qiunong Guan1, Irina Chafeeva5, Hao Wang2, Richard Liggins6, Gerald da Roza7, Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu5,8 and Caigan Du1,9* Abstract Background: Glucose is a primary osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions, but its long-term use causes structural alteration of the peritoneal membrane (PM). Hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) is a promising alternative to glucose. This study was designed to compare the cellular responses of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) to these two different osmotic agents in a hypertonic solution using transcriptome analysis. Methods: Cultured HPMCs were repeatedly exposed to HPG-based or Physioneal 40 (PYS, glucose 2.27%) hypertonic solutions. Transcriptome datasets were produced using Agilent SurePrint G3 Human GE 8 × 60 microarray. Cellular signaling pathways were examined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Protein expression was examined by flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting. Results: The HPG-containing solution was better tolerated compared with PYS, with less cell death and disruption of cell transcriptome. The levels of cell death in HPG- or PYS- exposed cells were positively correlated with the number of affected transcripts (HPG: 128 at day 3, 0 at day 7; PYS: 1799 at day 3, 212 at day 7). In addition to more affected “biosynthesis” and “cellular stress and death” pathways by PYS, both HPG and PYS commonly affected “sulfate biosynthesis”, “unfolded protein response”, “apoptosis signaling” and “NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response” pathways at day 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-VCP Antibody (ARG43110)
    Product datasheet [email protected] ARG43110 Package: 100 μl anti-VCP antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes VCP Tested Reactivity Hu, Ms, Rat Tested Application FACS, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name VCP Antigen Species Human Immunogen Synthetic peptide of Human VCP. Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names VCP; IBMPFD; HEL-S-70; Valosin-containing protein; EC 3.6.4.6; Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; 15S Mg; TERA; p97; ALS14; HEL-220; IBMPFD1; TER ATPase; 2+ Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution FACS 1:20 ICC/IF 1:20 - 1:50 IHC-P 1:20 - 1:100 IP 1:20 - 1:50 WB 1:2000 - 1:10000 Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Positive Control MCF7 Calculated Mw 89 kDa Observed Size ~ 90 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Affinity purified. Buffer 50 nM Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 0.15M NaCl, 0.01% Sodium azide, 40% Glycerol and 0.05% BSA. Preservative 0.01% Sodium azide www.arigobio.com 1/3 Stabilizer 40% Glycerol and 0.05% BSA Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use. Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use.
    [Show full text]
  • The Consensus Coding Sequences of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers Tobias Sjöblom,1* Siân Jones,1* Laura D
    The Consensus Coding Sequences of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers Tobias Sjöblom,1* Siân Jones,1* Laura D. Wood,1* D. Williams Parsons,1* Jimmy Lin,1 Thomas Barber,1 Diana Mandelker,1 Rebecca J. Leary,1 Janine Ptak,1 Natalie Silliman,1 Steve Szabo,1 Phillip Buckhaults,2 Christopher Farrell,2 Paul Meeh,2 Sanford D. Markowitz,3 Joseph Willis,4 Dawn Dawson,4 James K. V. Willson,5 Adi F. Gazdar,6 James Hartigan,7 Leo Wu,8 Changsheng Liu,8 Giovanni Parmigiani,9 Ben Ho Park,10 Kurtis E. Bachman,11 Nickolas Papadopoulos,1 Bert Vogelstein,1† Kenneth W. Kinzler,1† Victor E. Velculescu1† 1Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. 2Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Colon Cancer Research, and South Carolina Cancer Center, Division of Basic Research, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29229, USA. 3Department of Medicine, Ireland Cancer Center, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. 4Department of Pathology and Ireland Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. 5Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. 6Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. 7Agencourt Bioscience Corporation, Beverly, MA 01915, USA. 8SoftGenetics LLC, State College, PA 16803, USA. 9Departments of Oncology, Biostatistics, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotyping Structural Abnormalities in Mouse Embryos Using High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy Wolfgang J
    © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Disease Models & Mechanisms (2014) 7, 1143-1152 doi:10.1242/dmm.016337 RESEARCH ARTICLE Phenotyping structural abnormalities in mouse embryos using high-resolution episcopic microscopy Wolfgang J. Weninger1,*, Stefan H. Geyer1, Alexandrine Martineau2, Antonella Galli3, David J. Adams3, Robert Wilson2 and Timothy J. Mohun2 ABSTRACT genetic manipulation with the ability to study uterine embryo The arrival of simple and reliable methods for 3D imaging of mouse development that more closely resembles that of humans. embryos has opened the possibility of analysing normal and Until recently, the majority of advances in understanding genetic abnormal development in a far more systematic and comprehensive controls of murine cellular differentiation and organogenesis have manner than has hitherto been possible. This will not only help to come from studies targeting individual genes or individual genetic extend our understanding of normal tissue and organ development pathways for genetic perturbation. However, it has now become but, by applying the same approach to embryos from genetically feasible to adopt a more systematic approach to such studies. Since modified mouse lines, such imaging studies could also transform our 2007, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC, knowledge of gene function in embryogenesis and the aetiology of www.mousephenotype.org) has been coordinating an international developmental disorders. The International Mouse Phenotyping effort to produce knockout lines in which every gene in the mouse Consortium is coordinating efforts to phenotype single gene genome is individually targeted. This work is now well advanced knockouts covering the entire mouse genome, including and attention is now focused on the goal of phenotyping adult characterising developmental defects for those knockout lines that mice from the knockout lines, an ambitious task overseen by prove to be embryonic lethal.
    [Show full text]