DOCSLIB.ORG

Autonomia in the Anthropocene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Autonomia in the Anthropocene SAQ 116:2 • April 2017 The South Atlantic Autonomia in the Anthropocene Quarterly Bruce Braun and Sara Nelson, Special Issue Editors Autonomia in the Anthropocene: SAQ New Challenges to Radical Politics Sara Nelson and Bruce Braun Species, Nature, and the Politics of the Common: 116:2 From Virno to Simondon Miriam Tola • April Anthropocene and Anthropogenesis: Philosophical Anthropology 2017 and the Ends of Man Jason Read At the Limits of Species Being: Anthropocene Autonomia and the Sensing the Anthropocene Elizabeth R. Johnson The Ends of Humans: Anthropocene, Autonomism, Antagonism, and the Illusions of our Epoch Elizabeth A. Povinelli The Automaton of the Anthropocene: On Carbosilicon Machines and Cyberfossil Capital Matteo Pasquinelli Intermittent Grids Karen Pinkus Autonomia Anthropocene: Cover: Anthropocene, Victims, Narrators, and Revolutionaries underwater sculpture, Marco Armiero and Massimo De Angelis depth 8m, MUSA Collection, in the Anthropocene Cancun/Isla Mujeres, Mexico. Special Issue Editors Refusing the World: © Jason deCaires Taylor. Silence, Commoning, All rights reserved, Bruce Braun and Sara Nelson and the Anthropocene DACS / ARS 2017 Anja Kanngieser and Nicholas Beuret Autonomy and the Intrusion of Gaia Duke Isabelle Stengers AGAINST the DAY • Pipeline Politics Editor Michael Hardt Editorial Board Srinivas Aravamudan Rey Chow Roberto M. Dainotto Fredric Jameson Ranjana Khanna The South Atlantic Wahneema Lubiano Quarterly was founded in 1901 by Walter D. Mignolo John Spencer Bassett. Kenneth Surin Kathi Weeks Robyn Wiegman Managing Editor Stacy Lavin Correspondence may be sent to the South Atlantic Quarterly, Box 90660, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0660. Special issue proposals are welcome. Copyright © 2017 by Duke University Press 0038-2876 The South Atlantic Quarterly SAQ 116:2 • April 2017 Autonomia in the Anthropocene Bruce Braun and Sara Nelson, Special Issue Editors Autonomia in the Anthropocene: New Challenges to Radical Politics 223 Sara Nelson and Bruce Braun Species, Nature, and the Politics of the Common: From Virno to Simondon 237 Miriam Tola Anthropocene and Anthropogenesis: Philosophical Anthropology and the Ends of Man 257 Jason Read At the Limits of Species Being: Sensing the Anthropocene 275 Elizabeth R. Johnson The Ends of Humans: Anthropocene, Autonomism, Antagonism, and the Illusions of our Epoch 293 Elizabeth A. Povinelli The Automaton of the Anthropocene: On Carbosilicon Machines and Cyberfossil Capital 311 Matteo Pasquinelli Intermittent Grids 327 Karen Pinkus Anthropocene: Victims, Narrators, and Revolutionaries 345 Marco Armiero and Massimo De Angelis Refusing the World: Silence, Commoning, and the Anthropocene 363 Anja Kanngieser and Nicholas Beuret Autonomy and the Intrusion of Gaia 381 Isabelle Stengers ii The South Atlantic Quarterly • April 2017 AGAINST the D AY Pipeline Politics Imre Szeman, Editor Introduction: Pipeline Politics 402 Imre Szeman The Borders Beneath: On Pipelines and Resource Sovereignty 408 Rachel Havrelock After the Pipelines: Energy and the Flow of War in the Persian Gulf 417 Toby Craig Jones What Can Art Do about Pipeline Politics? 426 Brian Holmes Pipeline Politics in Iran: Power and Property, Dispossession and Distribution 432 Kaveh Ehsani Notes on Contributors 440 Sara Nelson and Bruce Braun Autonomia in the Anthropocene: New Challenges to Radical Politics The theoretical innovations that emerged out of the Italian Autonomia movement of the 1970s have enjoyed a striking revival in Anglophone critical scholarship in the past two decades, informing a generation of political activism that erupted in force with the alter-globalization move- ments of the late 1990s. In the midst of the “Ital- ian miracle” of industrial growth following the country’s postwar devastation, a broad-based movement of workers, students, and intellectuals refused capital’s “gift” of work (Tronti 2007) and advanced a politics of self-determination and self- valorization outside of state and party politics. Autonomia, Italian for autonomy, referred both to the ontological priority of labor power vis-à-vis capital and to a rejection of the bureaucratic poli- tics of compromise characteristic of the establish- ment Left.1 Among the movement’s ongoing lega- cies is a vibrant intellectual tradition that has transformed established categories of Marxist analysis to contend with the changing political terrain that accompanied the rise of what is now referred to as a post-Fordist mode of production. Along with Latin American and indigenous anti- colonial movements, Autonomia forms one of sev- eral intellectual undercurrents nourishing the The South Atlantic Quarterly 116:2, April 2017 10.1215/00382876-3829368 © 2017 Duke University Press 224 The South Atlantic Quarterly • April 2017 turn toward direct, horizontal democratic organization outside of the repre- sentative structures of electoral politics and oriented toward a horizon of liberation. Despite Autonomia’s widespread inuence on political action and post- Marxist scholarship, it has been surprisingly slow to address planetary change and environmental politics. With a focus on cognitive capitalism, many autonomist scholars have downplayed or fully ignored the ecological dimensions of post-Fordism—its foundations in extractive energy econo- mies, its links to the accelerating nancialization of nature under the banner of so-called green capitalism, its harnessing of nonhuman capacities, and its wildly uneven toxic geographies. This lack of engagement is regrettable given that, we propose, autonomist insights hold great promise for under- standing both the transformed relation between capital and nonhuman natures in post-Fordism and the many political movements that have emerged in response. More signicantly, the era of anthropogenic global change named by the Anthropocene poses profound challenges to a politics of autonomy in the present. The nomination of the Anthropocene as a new geologic epoch shines a spotlight on the immense scale and consequence of human transforma- tions of earth systems. These changes cannot be undone; we have produced a new nature and a new humanity, the contours of which we are still discern- ing. That responsibility for these transformations is uneven has been widely noted, and other names—Capitalocene, Plantationocene—have been pro- posed to identify specic social actors and forces that have brought us to the present juncture. These names matter, but none of them alter a key point: we may now be geological actors, but that has only further revealed our entanglement with the nonhuman world, the impossibility of separating the anthropos from geology, ecology, and climate. In the context of these entan- glements it is not clear what autonomy means, politically or ontologically. Indeed, even as the gure of the human is inated in some Anthropocene narratives, it has been radically decentered in others, as inhuman materiali- ties, temporalities, and genealogies come to the fore that precede, exceed, and subtend human life. “Considering the human within geologic time,” Kathryn Yuso (2015: 388) writes, “poses the problem of thinking an inhuman milieu, both before, after and internal to ‘us’” (italics added). Placed alongside recog- nition of the consequences of anthropogenic change, this displacement of the human demands that “life” be understood not in terms of humanity as a uni- ed category but in terms of what Elizabeth A. Povinelli (this issue) describes as “more or less densely compacted forms and modes of existence” that nei- Nelson and Braun • Autonomia in the Anthropocene 225 ther begin nor end with “us,” with consequences not just for the most hubris- tic fantasies of geoengineering but also for what constitutes the common, where and in what potentiality is located, how autonomy should be under- stood, and who and what is named by the anthropos. It is no longer evident that key terms found in the autonomist lexicon— species being, the common, multitude, potentia—survive the challenge of the Anthropocene unchanged or that the production of subjectivity (a cornerstone of autonomist thought) can be understood solely in terms of language, habit, or gesture. It may therefore be necessary to think beyond the struggles of the factory oor, or those of the cognitariat today, to imagine and think from other sites of struggle, other forms of solidarity, and other experiments in “com- moning.” These bring into play unfamiliar actors and unacknowledged geog- raphies: sites of extraction and circuits of waste, indigenous communities and territories, rising seas and toxic landscapes that are materially present within the informationalized economies of global capitalism, but often invisible to those working within them. We might say, then, that the Anthropocene names autonomist Marxism’s unthought, an unthought that intrudes on its political imaginaries. What happens to autonomism if it begins to question the auton- omy of the human? Or if it leaves its privileged sites in the global North? And what does it mean, in the context of cognitive capitalism’s toxic ecologies, to advance a politics based on the progressive expansion of human productive capacities? Might we be compelled to recognize, as Isabelle Stengers (this issue) forcefully asserts, that capitalism may lead only to catastrophe and bar- barism? In sum, the conjuncture named by the Anthropocene would seem to push Autonomia to its conceptual and political limits. Yet if the Anthropocene describes a blindness in autonomist thought and politics, it
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radical Thought in Italy
    Introduction; Laboratory Italy Michael Hardt In Marx's time revolutionary thought seemed to rely on three axes: German phi- losophy, English economics, and French politics. In our time the axes have shifted so that, if we remain within the same Euro-American framework, revolutionary thinking might be said to draw on French philosophy, U.S. economics, and Italian politics. This is not to say that Italian revolutionary movements have met only with great successes in recent decades; in fact, their defeats have been almost as spectacu- lar as those suffered by the French proletariat in the nineteenth century. I take Italian revolutionary politics as model, rather, because it has constituted a kind of laboratory for experimentation in new forms of political thinking that help us con- ceive a revolutionary practice in our times. This volume is not intended primarily, then, as a history of the recent political movements or an explanation of the current crises of the Italian politi- cal system. The primary focus is rather to present a contemporary Italian mode of thinking revolutionary politics. The difference of Italian thought, however, cannot be grasped without some understanding of the difference marked by the history of Italian social and political movements. The theorizing, in fact, has ridden the wave of the movements over the past thirty years and emerged as part of a collective prac- tice. The writings have always had a real political immediacy, giving the impression of being composed in stolen moments late at night, interpreting one day's political struggles and planning for the next. During extended periods many of these authors were theorists on the side and kept political activism as their day job.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism of Capital and Cannibalism of the Common
    A RTICLE ARTICLE COMMUNISM ABSTRACT Over-identification is a politico-aesthetic strategy famously developed by OF CAPITAL AND the music band Laibach and the art collective Neue Slowenische Kunst since the 1980s and conceptualised, among others, also by Slavoj Zizek. CANNIBALISM OF This essay argues that the strategy of over-identification understands capitalism mainly as an ideological construct and so it fails to understand its real obscene core, that is living labour. In particular this essay argues THE COMMON that capitalism employs itself a strategy of over-identification with social struggles and it has absorbed many of the features that we historically at- Notes on the Art of Over-Identification tribute to social movements. Following Italian Operaism and the work of Paolo Virno and Christian Marazzi, such a capitalist tendency is defined as by the “communism of capital.” Matteo Pasquinelli [email protected] www.matteopasquinelli.org 1. THERE IS NO LONGER AN OUTSIDE Communism is a hateful thing and a menace Socialism and capitalism, however, even though “There is no longer an outside” repeats a topologi- tion, before being reabsorbed by China and its new to peace and organized government; but the they have at times been mingled together and at cal and existential motto since 1989, that is since ‘socialist market economy’ around the stable vortex communism of combined wealth and capital, the others occasioned bitter conflicts, are both regimes the Berlin wall felt and a world system appeared of a gigantic accumulation of capitals. 5 Still, keeping outgrowth of overweening cupidity and selfish- of property that exclude the common.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Chapter 1
    Notes Introduction 1. Timothy Campbell, introduction to Bios. Biopolitics and Philosophy by Roberto Esposito (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), vii. 2. David Graeber, “The Sadness of post- Workerism or Art and Immaterial Labor Conference a Sort of Review,” The Commoner, April 1, 2008, accessed May 22, 2011, http://www.commoner.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/graeber_ sadness.pdf. 3. Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended 1975–1976 (New York: Picador, 2003), 210, 211, 212. 4. Ibid., 213. 5. Racism works for the state as “a break into the domain of life that is under power’s control: the break between what must live and what must die” (ibid., 254). 6. Ibid., 212. 7. Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France 1978–1979 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 219. 8. Ibid., 224. 9. Ibid., 229. 10. See Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998) and State of Exception (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005). 11. Esposito, Bios. Biopolitics and Philosophy, 14, 15. 12. Ibid., 147. 13. Laurent Dubreuil, “Leaving Politics. Bios, Zo¯e¯ Life,” Diacritics 36.2 (2006): 88. 14. Paolo Virno, A Grammar of the Multitude (New York: Semiotext[e], 2004), 81. Chapter 1 1. Catalogo Bolaffi delle Fiat, 1899–1970; repertorio completo della produzione automobilistica Fiat dalle origini ad oggi, ed. Angelo Tito Anselmi (Turin: G. Bolaffi , 1970), 15. 2. Gwyn A. Williams, introduction to The Occupation of the Factories: Italy 1920, by Paolo Spriano (London: Pluto Press, 1975), 9. See also Giorgio Porosini, 174 ● Notes Il capitalismo italiano nella prima guerra mondiale (Florence: La Nuova Italia Editore, 1975), 10–17, and Rosario Romero, Breve storia della grande industria in Italia 1861–1961 (Milan: Il Saggiatore, 1988), 89–97.
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Intellectual in Critical Marxism: from the Organic Intellectual to the General Intellect Papel Político, Vol
    Papel Político ISSN: 0122-4409 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia Herrera-Zgaib, Miguel Ángel The public intellectual in Critical Marxism: From the Organic Intellectual to the General Intellect Papel Político, vol. 14, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2009, pp. 143-164 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=77720764007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative The Public Intellectual in Critical Marxism: From the Organic Intellectual to the General Intellect* El intelectual público en el marxismo crítico: del intelectual orgánico al intelecto general Miguel Ángel Herrera-Zgaib** Recibido: 28/02/09 Aprobado evaluador interno: 31/03/09 Aprobado evaluador externo: 24/03/09 Abstract Resumen The key issue of this essay is to look at Antonio El asunto clave de este artículo es examinar los Gramsci’s writings as centered on the theme escritos de Antonio Gramsci como centrados en of public intellectual within the Communist el tema del intelectual público, de acuerdo con la experience in the years 1920s and 1930s. The experiencia comunista de los años 20 y 30 del si- essay also deals with the present significance of glo XX. El artículo también trata la significación what Gramsci said about the organic intellectual presente de aquello que Gramsci dijo acerca del regarding the existence of the general intellect intelectual orgánico, considerando la existencia in the current capitalist relations of production del intelecto general en las presentes relaciones de and reproduction of society.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Cancún, Cozumel & the Yucatán
    4 ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Welcome to Cancún, Cozumel & the Yucatán The Yucatán Peninsula captivates visitors with its endless offerings of natural wonders and an ancient culture that’s still very much alive today. Life’s a Beach Nature’s Playground Without a doubt, this corner of Mexico has The Yucatán is the real deal for nature some of the most beautiful stretches of enthusiasts. With colorful underwater coastline you’ll ever see – which explains scenery like none other, it offers some of in large part why beaches get top billing the best diving and snorkeling sites in the on the peninsula. On the east coast you world. Then you have the many biosphere have the famous coral-crushed white sands reserves and national parks that are home and turquoise-blue waters of the Mexican to a remarkably diverse variety of animal Caribbean, while up north you’ll find sleepy and plant life. Just to give you an idea of fishing villages with sandy streets and what’s in store: you can swim with whale wildlife-rich surroundings. For the ultimate sharks, spot crocodiles and flamingos, help beach-bumming experience you can always liberate sea turtles and observe hundreds hit one of several low-key islands off the upon hundreds of bird species. Caribbean coast. Culture & Fun Maya Ruins Galore In case you need a little something more You can’t help but feel awestruck when than pretty beaches, ancient ruins and standing before the pyramids, temples and outdoor adventures, you’ll be glad to know ball courts of one of the most brilliant pre- that culture and fun-filled activities abound Hispanic civilizations of all time.
    [Show full text]
  • Paolo Virno, Semiotext(E) 2004
    ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aufheben The language of retreat Review article: A grammar of the multitude, Paolo Virno, Semiotext(e) 2004. multitude. Despite this he is critical of aspects of Empire, labelling the central thesis of a shift in sovereignty to the supranational level “premature.”3 Reviewing Virno then seems to offer a route to investigate some of the foundational elements of what remain fairly influential theories. Secondly, Virno’s work has been picked up by others outside of Autonomist/Marxist circles, e.g. David Graeber who sees his theory of ‘exodus’ as a model for contemporary political action.4 Finally, Virno’s notion of political action defending something already established also resonates with the theories of ‘commons’ being produced by those around The Commoner web journal,5 in particular Massimo De Angelis, whose new book is also reviewed in this issue. This article is divided into three sections, dealing with three distinct but inter-related aspects of Virno’s book. Section 1 investigates the philosophical underpinnings of Virno’s point of departure, an opposition between the seventeenth century philosophers Benedictus de Spinoza and Thomas Hobbes. We show that by returning quite uncritically to the bourgeois philosophy of Spinoza, Virno inherits some crucial assumptions about his social subject, Introduction the multitude. Marxians will straight away ask ‘if we’re returning to bourgeois philosophers, why not Hegel?’ We The philosopher Paolo Virno is one of the original can’t read Virno’s mind, but we will touch on this question Autonomists, having being a member of Potere Operaio from in the discussion of the Autonomist rejection of dialectics in 1968 until it dissolved in 1973.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 TIMESCALE for CLIMATIC EVENTS of SUBBOREAL/SUBATLANTIC TRANSITION RECORDED at the VALAKUPIAI SITE, LITHUANIA Jacek Pawlyta1,2
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by BSU Digital Library RADIOCARBON, Vol 49, Nr 2, 2007, p 1–9 © 2007 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona TIMESCALE FOR CLIMATIC EVENTS OF SUBBOREAL/SUBATLANTIC TRANSITION RECORDED AT THE VALAKUPIAI SITE, LITHUANIA Jacek Pawlyta1,2 • Algirdas Gaigalas3 • Adam MichczyÒski1 • Anna Pazdur1 • Aleksander Sanko4 ABSTRACT. Oxbow lake deposits of the Neris River at the Valakupiai site in Vilnius (Lithuania) have been studied by dif- ferent methods including radiocarbon dating. A timescale was attained for the development of the oxbow lake and climatic events recorded in the sediments. 14C dates obtained for 24 samples cover the range 990–6500 BP (AD 580 to 5600 BC). Medieval human activity was found in the upper part of the sediments. Mollusk fauna found in the basal part of the terrace indicate contact between people living in the Baltic and the Black Sea basins. Mean rates were calculated for erosion of the river and for accumulation during the formation of the first terrace. INTRODUCTION This work presents the results of radiocarbon dating of samples collected at the Valakupiai site, near Vilnius in eastern Lithuania (54°43′58″N, 25°18′33″E; 98.5 m asl) (Figure 1). Special attention was paid to the remnant oxbow lake in the Neris River valley and to the lake-bog deposits filling it. Detailed study of the deposits delivered specific information that enabled paleoecological recon- struction of the site, as well as a description of the geochronological evolution of the oxbow lake and accompanying climatic events.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Last of the Earth's Frontiers': Sealab, the Aquanaut, and the US
    ‘The Last of the earth’s frontiers’: Sealab, the Aquanaut, and the US Navy’s battle against the sub-marine Rachael Squire Department of Geography Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD, University of London, 2017 Declaration of Authorship I, Rachael Squire, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ___Rachael Squire_______ Date: __________9.5.17________ 2 Contents Declaration…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 List of figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 List of abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Preface: Charting a course: From the Bay of Gibraltar to La Jolla Submarine Canyon……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 The Sealab Prayer………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18 Chapter 1: Introducing Sealab …………………………………………………………………………… 19 1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….... 20 1.1 Empirical and conceptual opportunities ……………………....................... 24 1.2 Thesis overview………………………………………………………………………………. 30 1.3 People and projects: a glossary of the key actors in Sealab……………… 33 Chapter 2: Geography in and on the sea: towards an elemental geopolitics of the sub-marine …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39 2.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………. 40 2.1 The sea in geography……………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Overkill, Glacial History, and the Extinction of North America's Ice Age Megafauna
    PERSPECTIVE Overkill, glacial history, and the extinction of North America’s Ice Age megafauna PERSPECTIVE David J. Meltzera,1 Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved September 23, 2020 (received for review July 21, 2020) The end of the Pleistocene in North America saw the extinction of 38 genera of mostly large mammals. As their disappearance seemingly coincided with the arrival of people in the Americas, their extinction is often attributed to human overkill, notwithstanding a dearth of archaeological evidence of human predation. Moreover, this period saw the extinction of other species, along with significant changes in many surviving taxa, suggesting a broader cause, notably, the ecological upheaval that occurred as Earth shifted from a glacial to an interglacial climate. But, overkill advocates ask, if extinctions were due to climate changes, why did these large mammals survive previous glacial−interglacial transitions, only to vanish at the one when human hunters were present? This question rests on two assumptions: that pre- vious glacial−interglacial transitions were similar to the end of the Pleistocene, and that the large mammal genera survived unchanged over multiple such cycles. Neither is demonstrably correct. Resolving the cause of large mammal extinctions requires greater knowledge of individual species’ histories and their adaptive tolerances, a fuller understanding of how past climatic and ecological changes impacted those animals and their biotic communities, and what changes occurred at the Pleistocene−Holocene boundary that might have led to those genera going extinct at that time. Then we will be able to ascertain whether the sole ecologically significant difference between previous glacial−interglacial transitions and the very last one was a human presence.
    [Show full text]
  • Boreal Region European Commission Environment Directorate General
    Natura 2000 in the Boreal Region European Commission Environment Directorate General Author: Kerstin Sundseth, Ecosystems LTD, Brussels. Managing editor: Susanne Wegefelt, European Commission, Nature and Biodiversity Unit B2, B-1049 Brussels. Contributors: Anja Finne, John Houston, Mats Eriksson. Acknowledgements: Our thanks to the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity and the Catholic University of Leuven, Division SADL for providing the data for the tables and maps Graphic design: NatureBureau International Photo credits: Front cover: Lapland, Finland; Jorma Luhta; INSETS TOP TO BOTTOM Jorma Luhta, Kerstin Sundseth, Tommi Päivinen, Coastal Meadow management LIFE- Nature project. Back cover: Baltic Coast, Latvia; Kerstin Sundseth Additional information on Natura 2000 is available from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers Contents to your questions about the European Union New freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 The Boreal Region – land of trees and water ................ p. 3 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. Natura 2000 habitat types in the Boreal Region .......... p. 5 Map of Natura 2000 sites in the Boreal Region ..............p. 6 Information on the European Union is available on the Natura 2000 species in the Boreal Region ........................p. 8 Internet (http://ec.europa.eu). Management issues in the Boreal Region ........................p. 10 Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009 © European Communities, 2009 2009 – 12 pp – 21 x 29.7 cm ISBN 978-92-79-11726-8 DOI 10.2779/84505 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • The Winding Paths of Capital
    giovanni arrighi THE WINDING PATHS OF CAPITAL Interview by David Harvey Could you tell us about your family background and your education? was born in Milan in 1937. On my mother’s side, my fam- ily background was bourgeois. My grandfather, the son of Swiss immigrants to Italy, had risen from the ranks of the labour aristocracy to establish his own factories in the early twentieth Icentury, manufacturing textile machinery and later, heating and air- conditioning equipment. My father was the son of a railway worker, born in Tuscany. He came to Milan and got a job in my maternal grand- father’s factory—in other words, he ended up marrying the boss’s daughter. There were tensions, which eventually resulted in my father setting up his own business, in competition with his father-in-law. Both shared anti-fascist sentiments, however, and that greatly influenced my early childhood, dominated as it was by the war: the Nazi occupation of Northern Italy after Rome’s surrender in 1943, the Resistance and the arrival of the Allied troops. My father died suddenly in a car accident, when I was 18. I decided to keep his company going, against my grandfather’s advice, and entered the Università Bocconi to study economics, hoping it would help me understand how to run the firm. The Economics Department was a neo- classical stronghold, untouched by Keynesianism of any kind, and no help at all with my father’s business. I finally realized I would have to close it down. I then spent two years on the shop-floor of one of my new left review 56 mar apr 2009 61 62 nlr 56 grandfather’s firms, collecting data on the organization of the production process.
    [Show full text]
  • Post/Autonomia
    Progressive nostalgia. Appropriating memories of protest and contention in contemporary Italy Andrea Hajek, PhD Visiting Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Cultural Memory IGRS, University of London Abstract More than 30 years ago the violent death - on 11 March 1977 - of a left-wing student in the Italian city of Bologna brought an end to a student protest movement, the ‘Movement of ’77’. Today nostalgia dominates public commemorations of the movement as it manifested itself in Bologna. However, this memory is not an exclusive memory of the 1977 generation. A number of young, left-wing activists that draw on the myth of 1977 in Bologna and in particular on the memory of the local Workers Autonomy faction appropriate this memory in a similarly nostalgic manner. This article then explores the value of nostalgia in generational memory: how does it relate to past, present and future, and to what extent does it influence processes of identity formation among youth groups? I argue that nostalgia is more than a longing for the past, and that it can be conceived as progressive and future-orientated, providing empowerment for specific social groups. Keywords Nostalgia, generational memory, 1970s, Italian student movements, Workers Autonomy. Word count: ca. 6.000 (incl. notes and references) 1 Progressive nostalgia. Appropriating memories of protest and contention in contemporary Italy ‘Pagherete caro, pagherete tutto!’1 On 12 March 2011, this slogan reverberated in the streets of the Italian city of Bologna, 34 years after left-wing student Francesco Lorusso was shot dead by police during student protests. Lorusso’s disputed and unresolved death on 11 March 1977 - for which the police officer who shot him was never tried - as well as the violent incidents that subsequently kept Bologna in a state of high tension, have left a deep wound in the city, in particular among Lorusso’s former companions and friends.
    [Show full text]