Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review Consultation Draft

Conservation and Archaeology Conservation Area Review Programme Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review Consultation Draft House on Shenley Road, Shenley Church End www.milton-keynes.gov.uk/planning-and-building/conservation-and-archaeology This document is to be read in conjunction with the General Information Document available on line Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft Historical Background relatively isolated communities and accordingly would have been highly self-sufficient. The first mention of Shenley is in the C11th Domesday survey where it is named Senelai1, derived from Old Lying within the conservation area and with its earliest English – ‘bright clearing’ – possibly indicating the parts dating from the C11th, is the grade I listed Church origins of the settlement as a clearing in woodland. of St Mary. Standing on slightly raised ground the The parish is split between the two townships, or church is an imposing, stone structure with a stout endships, of Shenley Church End and, approximately tower located centrally in its plan. The late C12th three quarters of a mile to the south, Shenley Brook chancel marked the completion of a cruciform Norman 3 End2. The 1880 Ordnance Survey 25in map shows how church . Adjacent to the church to its southwest is a both settlements could be reached by a winding loop very grand, generously proportioned rectory in the off the west side of Watling Street leaving at the Talbot early C19th Regency style with extensive rear ranges. Inn, Loughton and rejoining at a point now covered by Unfortunately the associated walled garden to the west Furzton Lake. Alternatively the Shenleys could be of the house have now been split away and reached by road from a point two miles to the south on redeveloped giving rise to the ordinary late C20th the Buckingham Road in Bletchley, at a junction now house that now stands within. overlooked by the Three Trees Public House. Both were Holly Cottage, Shenley Road, Shenley Church End 1 Woodfield, Guide to the Historic Buildings of Milton Keynes (1986) MKDC 2 Croft R & Mynard D, The Changing Landscape of Milton Keynes (1993) Buckinghamshire Archaeological society 3 Pevsner N: The Buildings of England, Buckinghamshire (1994) Penguin Books 3 Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft St Mary’s Church, Shenley Church End At a ‘T’ Junction with Oakhill Road stands the timber detachment of the house’s position from the village framed ‘Dower House’ a C17th ‘L’ plan house, formerly and the subsequent intrusion on its surroundings limit two cottages, distinguished by a stone built ground its contribution to the village’s character and it hence it floor topped by a timber frame upper part that has continues to lie beyond the conservation area colour-washed brick infills and a peg tile roof. boundary. Any similarities in architectural style with the rectory may not be coincidental as members of the The 1880 Ordnance Survey shows how the road led Knapp family were important land holders and rectors westward from here to Lawn Farm and Oakhill Wood. in the village at the time both were constructed. Lanes out of villages tended to be just as important to village based farm labour as a means of access to the To the south of the Oakhill Road junction on the east surrounding fields that sustained the village economy side of Shenley Road are the grade II listed terrace of six as they were to moving commodities over longer almshouses of 1615 endowed by Thomas Stafford, a distances. local landowner, in his will. South of here the modern Thirlby Road departs eastward before swinging A short distance out of the village is the grade II listed northward to rejoin the historic line of Shenley Road Shenley Park House possibly built by the Knapp Family4, just before it is curtailed by the modern semi-circular the present well-proportioned house dates from the sweep of Burchard Crescent constructed in the early early C19th but the park in which it stood has now 1990’s. been intensively developed for housing. The historic 4 Woodfield, Ibid 4 Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft Set in a shallow hollow at this point and surrounded by Dominant building styles, materials trees is ‘The Homestead’ (3 Shenley Road) an eye catching black and white painted timber frame and and details thatched smallholder’s cottage of C17th origin. The Shenley Church End’s surviving older buildings and house and plot are partly shielded from general view structures are plain and robustly built vernacular by trees and shrubbery but appears to have remained houses, cottages, boundary walls and former farm an unaffected corner of rural character despite the buildings. In line with the geology of the clay upland magnitude of change around it. A line of mid or late they are mostly built from local brick with only the C19th cottages lead on from this point southwards on church and almshouses being built principally of stone. the eastside of Shenley Road, these cottages and a Earlier domestic dwellings and farm buildings were school were in place in the village by the time of the constructed from timber frame with wattle and daub publication of the 1880 ordnance survey 25in map. The infill panels. Traditional local roofing materials included presence of the church school and rectory are clay tiles and long stemmed straw for thatch, both indicative of Shenley Church End’s position at the top materials imparting a distinctive rustic character to the of a hierarchy of historic settlement in an area of loosely locality. gathered small villages and ends. The use of brick as a principal building material is reinforced by the presence of the quirkily proportioned C18th Manor Farmhouse (grade II listed) with its taller south end gable and distinctive run of outbuildings following the line and fall of Shenley Road northward. The Homestead, 3 Shenley Road 5 Croft & Mynard: Ibid 5 Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft Although the present buildings date from the md The British Geological Survey’s online ‘Geology of C18th the site may be much older by virtue of it Britain Viewer’ confirms that mudstone underlies the possibly being the main manor farm of the Maunsell village with the nearest deposits of limestone at Family who held land in the area in the C12th and Calverton. Hence the geology dictates that the village C13th5. is free of the stone boundary walls found in the north of the borough with hedgerows typically forming A closer look at the brickwork of Manor Farmhouse garden and other open space boundaries. shows how headers (the square end of bricks) burnt Timber glass and lead were the main materials for black in the kiln are placed amongst stretchers creating doors and windows, each tending to be made bespoke a ‘Flemish bond’ arrangement and come close to rather than to standard sizes. At Manor Farmhouse the making a chequer board or diaper pattern across the casement windows typically only have a minimal inset frontage of the building. Later repairs or building from the front of building, the windows themselves are movement may explain why this pattern has broken timber flush fitting multi-pane casement frames set down. Within the grounds of Manor Farm stands a under shallow (segmental) arches on the older part and grade II listed weather board and timber frame barn flat head arches on the newer part. On the older part with brick panel infills which, despite lying abandoned the windows are ‘dressed’ with slightly paler orange for a number of years, survives to indicate the historic bricks to lend them additional emphasis on the appearance of a traditional vernacular timber frame roadside frontage. The eaves line and gutter sit only barn or granary. one course of brick above the first floor windows. The Manor Farmhouse, Shenley Road 5 Croft & Mynard: Ibid 6 Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft 5 and 7 Shenley Road front door is located under a simple flat lead-topped have been identical at one time but some ad hoc timber porch hood held in place by simple curved changes have diluted the intended roadside symmetry brackets. that the houses once had. Numbers 5 to 15 Shenley Road (but with the exception Iron is in evidence for incidental features and details of the heavily altered number 9) demonstrate the around the village but not for major structural subtle variations in the treatment of mid to late elements, other than for wall restraining bars and Victorian housing. Most have Welsh slate roofing, plates. The presence of iron boot scrapes, bollards and timber sash windows which are set back into the face railings is very rare in Shenley Church End now. An of the house, stone lintels or segmental arch brick exception is the distinctive hoop top railings to the window tops and Flemish Bond orange-brown school yard which are set on a low brick wall and the brickwork with cream mortar joints. Whilst there are north entrance gates to the church yard. some later alterations the houses survive to form an attractive and visually varied row set back behind hedges or timber fences. Numbers 11 and 13 would 7 Shenley Church End Conservation Area Review - Consultation Draft The school (now a day nursery) is perhaps the most Whilst not every building is of sufficient merit to unusual building of the Victorian period in the village warrant statutory listing there are still those of local which Woodfield6 refers to as ‘a vernacular style with interest that remain which either individually or sensitively detailed brickwork and entrances with cumulatively contribute to the character or appearance round arches’.

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