Toyama’s Unique Compact City Management Strategy ～ Creating a Compact City by Re-imagining and Restructuring Public Transportation ～ Masashi Mori, Mayor of Toyama City

ソーシャルキャピタルあふれる持続可能な付加価値創造都市をめざして COMPACT FUTURE CITY CITYTOYAMA TOYAMA 1 Outline of Toyama City

・Population：Approx. 40% of (421,953 people, 2010 census） ・Area：Approx. 30% of Toyama Prefecture (1,241.85 square km.) ・Topographical diversity: From sea level () to 2,986m ( Suishodake.) ・2013 Fiscal Year General Account Budget: 152.4 billion yen (1.55 billion dollars)

■Map of Toyama City - The best spot to view the Tateyama Mountain Range

■Map of Toyama Prefecture

Toyama City

An aerial view of Toyama City ２

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Plan for Environmentally-Friendly Future City of Toyama Problems confronting Toyama City Some problems confronting Toyama City: ①Dwindling population and an aging society ②Too much dependence on automobiles and declining public transport use ③Less attractive city with an emptying city center ④Higher administrative costs ⑤Increasing carbon dioxide emissions

Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems.

１．Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport ・Revitalizing public transport ・Concentrating city amenities in the city center or areas along public transport lines ２．Creation of an Attractive and High Quality City Life ・Revitalizing the city center ・Concentrating city amenities within walking distance ・Amassing social capital ３．Promotion of Local Industry ・Making the most of the local pharmaceutical industry ・Tapping recyclable sources of energy ・Inviting companies into Toyama

A sustainable city should attract people, making it a vibrant city.

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Basic Policy for the Creation of a Compact City

By revitalizing public transport, including railway track lines, and by concentrating various city functions such as residential, commercial, business and cultural buildings along public transport lines, we can create a compact city.

Targeted city structure - dumplings and skewers

Skewer: Public transport offering a higher level of service Dumplings: Population centers connected by the skewers, allowing pedestrian access to various city amenities ＜Three pillars for the Strategy＞ ① Revitalizing public transport Encouraging residents to relocate ② to zones along public transport lines

③ Revitalizing the city center

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Distribution Map of Senior Citizens ( 2012 )

Railway network 富山ライトレールToyama LRT Frequently operated bus route City center 居住誘導ゾーンZones along public transport lines promoting residence 沿線ゾーン（用地地区外）Zones along public transport lines (unused areas) JR Hokuriku Line Areas in use 25 people or less 25‐49 people 50‐74 people 75‐99 people 100 or more people グランドプラザGrand Plaza

市内電車環状線化事業City Tram Loop

JR Takayama Line 角川介護予防センターKadokawa Care

アヴィレ Aville Prevention Center

The Number of Senior Citizens (2012) in a 250m*250m area ５

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Revitalizing Public Transport - Formation of LRT Network

By creating the LRT network, we hope to modify the current life style of too much dependence on automobiles and realize a town with every city amenity within walking distance.

City Tram Loop Line (Dec. 2009) Toyama LRT (Apr. 2006)

The Image of Tram going under the elevated Toyama Station

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Construction of Toyama LRT – Reshaping JR Toyama Port Line into LRT – JR Toyama Port line (a local line), which had been suffering from declining numbers of passengers, was revitalized as the nation's first full-fledged LRT. This was achieved by adopting a two-tiered concept in which the public sector constructs the track while the private sector runs the business. ■Outline Inaugural Day: April 29th, 2006 Extended Distance: Approx. 7.6km No. of Stations: 13 ・Former JR Toyama Port line

Revitalized as the ・Toyama LRT nation's first full-fledged LRT

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Toyama LRT - Operation and Service -

■Operation ■ IC card pass Former service New Service 15 min. (10 min. during rush Operation interval 30 to 60 min. hour)

First / Last Train 5-6 / 21-22:00 5-6 / 23-24:00

No. of stations 9 13

Vehicles Railroad vehicles All super-low floor vehicles

*Fare is uniformly 200 yen. ■Low floor cars and barrier-free stations ■Vibration-dampened, lawn-covered track

樹 脂 溝レール

コンクリート路盤

■Light Rail attendants

■Introduction of a unified design

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Toyama LRT and Cityscape①

■Side Reservation Section

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Toyama LRT and Cityscape②

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Effect of Toyama LRT

■Weekdays: 2.1 times as many passengers as before; Weekends: 3.6 times as many passengers using the new service.

■Increase in daytime use by senior citizens (Lifestyle Change)

【Number of Passengers by Time Zone (Weekday) 】 【Number of Passengers by Age (Weekday) 】 （Passengers） （ ） （人） 1,178 passengers（人） 1,200 1,400 1,210 1,000 1,200 803 925 800 771 1,000 688 814 800 570 673 600 532 610 476 451 600 520 566 392 400 399 283 400 357 280 287 260 163 217 186 200 155 189 164 119 117 101 200 54 0 0 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 ～6時台 7～8 9～10 11～12 13～14 15～16 17～18 19～20 21時台～（Hr） Teens 20’s 30’s 40’s 50’s 60’s 70’s 時台 時台 時台 時台 時台 時台 時台 10代 20代 30代 40代 50代 60代 70代～ 2005(JR)H17（ＪＲ） H18（ポートラム） 2006(Toyama LRT) 2005(JR)H17（ＪＲ） H18（ポートラム） 2006(Toyama LRT)

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA City Tram Loop Line Project

The northern route and the The extension of the tram line contributed to making southern route will be the downtown area more appealing and making it joined in the future. easier for people to move around. ・Adoption of the first two-tiered system in Japan. ・Route construction was integrated with the road space and aimed at the creation of attractive urban space. ■Outline Inaugural Day: December 23rd, 2009 Extended Distance: Approx. 0.9km (Loop Line approx. 3.4km) No. of Stations: 3 new stations were added along the extended route. Vehicle: 3 new low-floor cars were adopted.

Loop Line Project

Loop Line 12

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Harmonious Blend of LRT and Cityscape

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■平和通り COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Results of City Tram Loop Line Project ・Revitalization of the entire city tram system: increased ridership, improvement of the city center image etc. ・The line has become established: increased ridership in the downtown area, increased ease of moving around in the area etc. 【Change in ridership between Toyama Station 【City tram ridership】 and the downtown】 （ ） Passengers （Passengers） 1,190 12,000 12,000 1,200 1,128 【weekday 】 【holiday 】 【weekday1,088 】 【holiday 】 10,299 10,328 1,037 1,039 10,000 9,306 10,000 1,000 927 867 843 41％ 利 利 利 8,000 7,253 8,000 800 increase 用 42％increase用 6,677 用 19％ 人 人 者 5,847 increase 数 6,000 数 6,000 5,682 600

（ 数 （ 5,037

（

人 人 ） 4,000 ） 人 400 4,000

32％increase

）

2,000 2,000 200

0 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012

Loop Line Existing route Existing route Transit Loop Line （Toyama Station⇔Grand Plaza） （the downtown）

On both weekdays and weekends, city tram Ridership between Toyama Station and the ridership has increased after the inauguration downtown has increased after the of the Loop Line (Fiscal year 2009). inauguration of the Loop Line. (On weekdays +42%, on weekends +32%） (On weekdays +41%, on weekends +19%） １４

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Improvements around Toyama Station with the Inauguration of the Line - Connecting the North and South Tram Lines

Inauguration of the Hokuriku Shinkansen line in spring 2015 Connecting north and south tram lines (Toyama LRT and the Loop Line) based on thesubsequent JR Hokuriku line elevation

▲Square in front of the south exit of Toyama Station

▲Tram stop under the elevated Toyama Station ▲New Shinkansen station and trams running north and south １５

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Promotion of Residence in the City Center and in Zones along Public Transport Lines Designation of city center area and residentially promoted zones along public transport lines ・City center area: Approx. 436 ha ・Residentially promoted zones along public transport lines: Approx. 3,000 ha

※Areas around 19 public transport axes centered in Toyama Station ・Areas around railroad or tram stations (within a 500-meter radius) ・Areas around bus stops (within a 300-meter radius) Housing in city center and residentially promoted zones along public transport lines ・Purchase subsidy 2005 2012 2025(Projected Total) (421,239 people) (422,009 people) (389,510 people)

Number of residents in the zones Projected change in number of along city center and public residents by activating public transportation lines transportation or encouraging residence within the zone

117,560 people 132,301 people 162,180 people (About 28%) (About 31%) (About 42%) １６

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Revitalizing the City Center - The Grand Plaza ・All-weather multi-purpose square, attracting many people even when it is cold or snowy ・Glass roofed and equipped with a huge screen and an elevating stage ・More than 100 events are held here annually.

（Outline of the facility） Size: Approx. 1,400㎡(65m×21m) Height to the ceiling: Approx. 19m Screen: Approx. 277 inches １7

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Revitalizing the City Center - Special Pass Project

Citizens over 65 years old can receive a 100 yen public transportation discount fare to the city center from any station or stop in Toyama City, a collaborative project with private transportation companies. 30% of senior citizens hold the special pass; each day an average of 2,370 people use it

＜Special Pass＞ ＜How to use the pass＞ Citizens over 65 years old, ￥1,000 ①Hours of usage: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m ②Pass can be used: ・Anywhere between the city center and within Toyama City The City Center ・Inside the city center area ・Anywhere between Toyama Municipal Hospital and within Toyama City

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Revitalizing the City Center - Bicycle Sharing System for Toyama Citizens (Aville) -

A New Transport Option for Citizens Going Downtown without Automobiles ■Project Purpose: ①Reduce CO2 emissions ②Revitalize the city center and make it more convenient to move around ■Project Operator: Cyclocity Inc. ■No. of Bicycle Stations： 15 stations in the city center ■No. of Bicycles：150 City Tram Loop Line

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Revitalizing the City Center - Flower Tram Model Project

≪Flower Tram Model Project≫

The city tram fare is free when customers purchase a bouquet from a designated flowershop. Something good happened that day so I bought flowers and rode the tram. Again something good happened.

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COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Results of Compact City Policy - City Tram Usage Until fiscal year 2006, the number of the city tram passengers had decreased, but the number increased beginning in fiscal year 2007 due to the opening of Toyama LRT and the Loop Line, the introduction of an IC card system, and low floor cars. (Passengers/Day) 【Number of city tram passengers per day】 【City tram route map】 16,000人/日 (Inauguration of Inauguration of the Toyama LRT) Loop Line

12,000人/日

8,000人/日

4,000人/日

0人/日

(year）

H9

H15 H20 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H16 H17 H18 H19 H21 H22 H23

2011

2000 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1997 ２1

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Results of Compact City Policy - Number of pedestrians and vacant stores in the city center -

■Number of pedestrians in the city center steadily increased by 56.2 % during 2006 –2011 ■Vacant stores in the city center decreased by 2.3 % during 2009-2011

【Shift in the number of pedestrians (Weekends)】 【Shift in percentage of vacant stores】 (persons) (％) 15,000 Grand Plaza opening（2007） ％ ％

56.2% Increase

％ 12,500 13,155

2.3％ decrease 10,000

8,421

7,500

the number of pedestrians of number the percentage of vacant stores vacantof percentage

5000 2006 2011 Observation period ２2

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Results of Compact City Policy - Stimulation of Private Investment - Stimulating of private investment in urban redevelopment projects induced by public investments

City Tram Loop Line

Area scheduled for New tram Area scheduled for urban urban redevelopment station redevelopment project Chuo Shopping Street f Area Commercial and Residential project Building

Nishi-cho South Area Type 1 Urban Redevelopment Project Nishi-cho Southeast f Area Sogawa Shopping Street Sogawa 4-chome and Hatago-machi Grand Plaza Nishi-cho and Sogawa Area Scheduled for completion in Commercial and Residential South Area Area Commercial and Residential Parking Structure 2015 Building Building Commercial Building ２3

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Results of Compact City Policy - Increase in Incoming Population -

■Shift in population (Number of people moving into the city center and residentially promoted zones along public transport lines minus number of people moving out) Revitalization projects and residential promotion projects have made zones along public transport lines more attractive. Since 2012, more people have moved into the city center and residentially promoted zones along public transport lines than have moved out. 【Shift in population (Number of people moving into the city center and residentially (persons） promoted zones along public transport lines minus number of those moving out)】

(year）

２4

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA 1,200 25,000 23,151 22,687 22,629 22,771 23,027 23,010 22,948 22,928 22,754 1,100 22,510 22,339 Results of Compact City Policy - Increase in Number of Elementary School Children in the City Center 1,000 ・ 951 Increase of 106 elementary school children (12.6 %) in the city center (2007945-2012). 20,000 928 941 900・In the entire city, the rate of elementary school children in911 the city center increased by 0.6 points. (2007-2012). 900 868【Change858 in the number of children858 in Toyama municipal elementary schools and the 839 849 (persons） number of elementary school children in the city center】 (persons） 1,200 1,200 25,00025,000 800 23,151 22,687 22,771 23,027 23,010 22,948 22,928 22,754 22,510 22,629 22,339 1,100 1,100 15,000 700

1,000 1,000 951 945 20,000 600 951928 941941 945 20,000 928 911 900 900 911 900 900 868 868 858 858 849 858858 500 839839 849 10,000 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 800 800 15,000 15,000 700 700

600 600

1,200 500 10,000 500 10,000 1,100 H14 H14H15 H15H16 H16 H17 H17 H18 H18 H19 H19 H20H20 H21H21 H22H22 H23H23 H24H24 1,000 中心市街地（芝園、中央小学校）児童数951 市立全小学校児童数945 (year） 928 941 the number of children in Toyama municipal elementary schools 900 中心市街地（芝園、中央小学校）児童数911 中心市街地（芝園、中央小学校）児童数の割合 900 868 858 858 839 849 the number of elementary school children in the city center ２5

800

700 COMPACT CITY TOYAMA

600

500 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 中心市街地児童数

中心市街地（芝園、中央小学校）児童数 市立小学校全児童数 International Assessment of Toyama’s Compact City Policy

In the 2012 OECD report on “Compact City Policies” which looked at countries around the world, Toyama City's compact city policy was recognized as one of five cities with advanced policies: Melbourne, Vancouver, Paris, Portland and Toyama.

■OECD meeting at OECD Headquarters in Paris, ■OECD report, "Compact City Policies" June 13, 2012 .

※ＯＥＣＤ Website http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,3746,en_2649_37429_50321238_1_1_1_37429,00.html ２6

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA Toyama City Management – A Unique Compact City Strategy Toyama’s Compact City Management Strategy Creation of Environmental Value Reducing CO2 emissions Revitalizing the city center Circulation etc

Creation of Economic Value Creation of Social Value Reduction of administrative cost Creation of new industries Nurturing social capital Revitalization of rural communities Regional medicine Increased tax revenue Nursing care Promotion of local industries Health Safety and social security etc Creation of employment etc

Toward a city open to the future through innovation in the environment, society, and economy

Realizing a sustainable society through the creation of highly desirable living conditions that achieve a harmony between quality of life and environmental concerns 27

COMPACT CITY TOYAMA