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Analysis on Figures of Speech Found in Emily Dickinson's Because I Could PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ANALYSIS ON FIGURES OF SPEECH FOUND IN EMILY DICKINSON’S BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN FINAL PAPER Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Octavia Ines Windyaswari Student Number: 121214106 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ANALYSIS ON FIGURES OF SPEECH FOUND IN EMILY DICKINSON’S BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN FINAL PAPER Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Octavia Ines Windyaswari Student Number: 121214106 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Windyaswari, Octavia Ines. (2018). Analysis on Figures of Speech in Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. Expressing ideas can be done directly through communication orally and in written. One of the ways to convey ideas in written form is poem. In poems, the language expresses different meanings than the ordinary meaning. Figure of speech, which is part of figurative language, is the language that avoids speaking directly or plainly about the subject under examination. This paper aims to discuss the figures of speech found in Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death. There are two research problems formulated, namely: 1) What figures of speech are found in Because I Could Not Stop for Death’s poem by Emily Dickinson? and 2) What is the meaning in each figure of speech found in Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson? The two research problems are approached using new criticism that has similarity with formalist. It is separated from external elements such as about the author’s life and history. Based on the findings, the writer found that there are four figures of speech, namely allegory, methapor, personification, and symbol. Those meanings of figures of speech tell that the poem is about the atmosphere felt by human beings when the day ends. The most frequently figure of speech found in the poem is symbol. It is a suggestion of other meaning than what it is. It can transfer the ideas embodied in the image without stating them. To draw the meaning, it needs to have critical thinking that is useful for language learning about figure of speech. Keywords: figure of speech, new criticism, poem vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Windyaswari, Octavia Ines. (2018). Analysis on Figures of Speech in Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Mengekspresikan berbagai gagasan dapat dinyatakan secara langsung melalui komunikasi secara lisan dan tertulis atau media tulisan. Salah satu cara mengekspresikan berbagai gagasan dalam bentuk tulisan adalah melalui puisi. Dalam puisi, bahasa yang digunakan mengandung makna yang berbeda dari makna yang sebenarnya. Bahasa kiasan, merupakan bagian dari gaya bahasa, adalah bahasa yang menyatakan dengan lugas tentang makna yang sebenarnya dari pokok bahasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa berbagai bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam puisi Emily Dickinson yang berjudul Because I Could Not Stop for Death. Terdapat dua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: 1) Bahasa kiasan apa saja yang ditemukan dalam puisi karya Emily Dickinson berjudul Because I Could Not Stop for Death? dan 2) Apa makna yang terkandung dalam setiap Bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan? Pendekatan kritik sastra baru yang mempunyai kesamaan dengan formalism adalah pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan kedua rumusan masalah tersebut. Pendekatan new criticism membatasi dari unsur eksternal seperti tentang kehidupan penulis dan sejarah. Terdapat beberapa bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam puisi. Penulis menemukan bahwa ada empat bahasa kiasan, yaitu alegori, metafora, personifikasi dan simbol. Bahasa kiasan tersebut memiliki makna bahwa puisi ini bercerita mengenai suasana yang dirasakan oleh manusia ketika hari berakhir. Bahasa kiasan yang paling sering ditemukan pada puisi tersebut adalah simbol. Simbol adalah kata yang bermakna lain dari makna yang sebenarnya. Gagasan yang terkandung dalam pelukisan dapat disampaikan tanpa menyebutkan gagasan yang sebenarnya. Untuk mengartikan makna yang terdapat dalam bahasa kiasan memerlukan berpikir kritis yang berguna dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Kata kunci: figure of speech, new criticism, poem vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Jesus Christ for His blessing and guidance during my life especially in doing this final paper. He gives me the best lessons for my colourful life. His plans are really awesome. My deepest gratitude goes to my major sponsor, Carla Sih Prabandari, S.Pd., M.Hum., for her advice, guidance, and understanding from the beginning until the end of this final paper writing. Without her patience and attention, this final paper will not be finished well. I would like to sincerely express my gratitude to Maria Vincentia Eka Mulatsih, S.S., M.A. for her willingness to spend her times for reading, correcting, giving suggestion and improvement for my final paper. I also express my gratitude to all the lectures at Sanata Dharma University who give me valuable knowledge and great story. I thank the secretary staffs for helping me in the administration and the librarian for helping me in searching the references. I also thank all Sanata Dharma University staffs for these years for helping me in many things. I am sincerely grateful to my beloved parents, Bapak Nicolaus Winarno and Ibu Joel Helmin, for their best supports and prayers for my success. I also thank my lovely sisters, Ervita, Ellena, Vina, Anin for their support and amusement in the hard times. My best gratitude goes to all my best friends, Wulan, Rere, Vonda, Zenita, Tanty, Gio, Edo, and Aji. I thank them for encouraging me to never give up. I am honoured to have such a great friends as them. They make my life awesome through ups and downs. My gratitude also goes to all of my friends in Sanata Dharma University, especially bath 2012, with whom I have got through the good and the best times during my study. Last but not least, I would like to thank those whose names are not mentioned here for their supports and prayers so that I could finish this final paper. I thank everyone for everything. May God bless them all. Octavia Ines Windyaswari viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i APPROVAL PAGES ……………………………………………………… ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………………………………….. iii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ……………………………. iv PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI …………………………….. v ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….. vi ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………….. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ……………………………………………….... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………….. ix CHAPTER I. INRODUCTION A. Research Background …………………………………. 1 B. Approach of the study …………………………………. 3 CHAPTER II. DISCUSSION A. Review of Related Literature 1. New Criticism ……………………………………... 6 2. The Language of Poetry …………………………… 7 3. Figure of Speech …………………………………... 8 B. Discussion 1. General Analysis about Because I Could Not Stop for Death …………………………………………... 12 2. The analysis of Figures of Speech in Because I Could Not Stop for Death Poem …………………... 13 CHAPTER III. CONCLUSIONS …………………………………..……... 20 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………. 22 APPENDICES ……………………………………………...............……... 23 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter consists of the background of the study and the research problems. The background of the study provides general information about the topic of this study. Meanwhile, the research problems show the problem formulation in what the researcher want to discuss about. A. Background Someone can express his or her ideas in many ways. The ideas can be expressed directly through oral and written communication. One of the ways expressing ideas in written form is poem. In poem, the language says different meaning than the ordinary meaning. It shows the strong feeling that is written in a beautiful stanza. According to Parini (1987), poems represent “the most refined way human beings have ever found for expressing themselves in language, indeed, they satisfy an almost primitive need for conjuring experience in vivid, memorable language”. It also contains philosophical messages that are showed by the poet through emotions, imaginations, and senses. Talking about poems, they have some parts such as the characteristic, the stylistic, the figurative language or figure of speech, etc. Figurative language, according to Kennedy and Gioia (2002) is said “to occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words. It
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