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Contribution to the Ectoparasite Fauna of Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae) of Crimea M

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Contribution to the Ectoparasite Fauna of Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae) of Crimea M ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2018, Vol. 98, No. 3, pp. 319–323. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2018. Original Russian Text © M.V. Orlova, O.L. Orlov, 2018, published in Parazitologiya, 2018, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 110–117. Contribution to the Ectoparasite Fauna of Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae) of Crimea M. V. Orlovaa, b* and O. L. Orlovb, c aNational Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia bUniversity of Tyumen, Tyumen, 625003 Russia cUral State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, 620028 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 12, 2017 Abstract—New data are presented on the ectoparasite fauna of several species of vesper and horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae) of the Crimean Peninsula. In the studied territory, 11 species of ectoparasites (mites and insects) have been collected from 6 bat species; 2 of the ectoparasite species were new to Crimea. Findings of gamasid mites Ichoronyssus scutatus on an unusual host are discussed. The gamasid mite Spinturnix emarginatus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina) is described for the territory of Russia for the first time. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873818030089 Throughout the XX and the early XXI century, (Whitaker, 1988). The bat flies were fixed in ethanol. ectoparasites of bats were only irregularly collected The mites and fleas were identified inder a Nikon in Crimea (Pliginsky, 1927; Stanyukovich, 1991; Bob- Eclipse 50i light microscope, and bat flies, under kova, 2004; Chirniy, 2004). Meanwhile, the Crimean an MBS-10 stereomicroscope, using the available Peninsula is characterized by overlapping of several taxonomic publications (Theodor, 1967; Medvedev, faunal complexes of bats (boreal, subboreal, and 1996; Stanyukovich, 1997). Mediterranean), whose specificity determines the im- Altogether, 44 bats of 6 species were captured and portance of studying the specific fauna of ectopara- examined. Ectoparasites were found on representatives sites of these hosts. Earlier, 23 species of parasitic of 4 species: the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus arthropods associated with bats were described for ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774), the lesser mouse- different parts of the study region: 1 species from each eared bat Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857), Geoffroy’s bat of the acarine families Ixodidae, Argasidae, and Sarco- Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806), and the ptidae, 13 species of gamasid mites (Acari: Mesostig- common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, mata: Gamasina) including 1 species described for the 1774) (Table 2). Bats of two species, David’s myotis first time, 3 species of bat flies (Insecta: Diptera: Myotis davidii Peters, 1869 (3 ind.) and the lesser Nycteribiidae), and 4 species of fleas (Insecta: Sipho- horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, naptera: Ischnopsyllidae) (Pliginsky, 1927; Stanyu- 1800) (3 ind.), were not infested. kovich, 1991, 1997; Bobkova, 2004; Chirniy, 2004; A total of 709 specimens of gamasid mites, fleas, Ševčik et al., 2011). and bat flies were collected. The infestation index (MI) was calculated as the mean number of ectopara- MATERIALS AND METHODS sites per one infested host (i.e., not counting the unin- Our collections of bat ectoparasites were carried fested host specimens). The occurrence index (P) was out in the spring and summer of 2017. The collection calculated as the percentage of infested hosts. localities are listed in Table 1. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ectoparasites were removed from bats with forceps and dissecting needles and fixed in 70% ethanol. The The ectoparasites collected in the study territory mites were mounted on slides in Faure-Berlese were identified as 11 species of mites and insects. medium; fleas were cleared in 10% aqueous KOH An annotated list of parasitic arthropods is given solution and also mounted in Faure-Berlese medium below (Table 2). 319 320 ORLOVA, ORLOV Table 1. Collection localities No. Collection locality Coordinates Biotope 1 Opuk nature reserve 45°01′N, 36°11′E Dry steppe 2 T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station—Nature 44°56′N, 35°14′E Crooked hard-leaved forest Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 Kamenskoe (Ak Monai caves) 45°16′N, 35°31′E Dry steppe 4 Yakovenkovo 45°04′N, 36°19′E Dry steppe Gamasid Mites (Mesostigmata: Gamasina) Family Macronyssidae Family Spinturnicidae Ichoronyssus scutatus (Kolenati, 1856) Eyndhovenia euryalis oudemansi Distribution: Palaearctic, subboreal. (Eyndhoven, 1941) Hosts: bent-winged bats of the family Miniopteridae. Distribution: Palaearctic, subboreal (Orlova et al., Material: 76 spms. (75 ♀♀, N1) off a lesser 2016). mouse-eared bat. Hosts: horseshoe bats of the family Rhinolophidae. Remarks: The species was previously repeatedly Material: 2 spms. (♀ off a greater horseshoe bat, recorded in Crimea (Stanyukovich, 1997). ♀ off a lesser mouse-eared bat). Remarks: The species was previously recorded in Macronyssus granulosus (Kolenati, 1856) Crimea on the greater horseshoe bat (Stanyukovich, Distribution: circumpolar, subboreal. 1997; Bobkova, 2004). Hosts: The range of hosts is extremely wide. The Spinturnix myoti (Kolenati, 1856) species has been found on representatives of several families of Chiroptera including fruit bats (Mega- Distribution: Palaearctic. chiroptera: Pteropodidae); this possibly indicates Hosts: mouse-eared bats of the genus Myotis. insufficient understanding of the taxonomic status of M. granulosus, which may in fact be a complex of Material: 212 spms. [63 ♀♀ (18 with intrauterine morphologically close species. In the Palaearctic the larvae), 49 ♂♂, 62 N1, 38 N2] (June 2016). species tends to occur on the lesser mouse-eared bat Remarks: The species was previously recorded in and the long-fingered bat. Crimea on the lesser mouse-eared bat and the lesser Material: 288 spms. [54 ♀♀ (35 with intrauterine horseshoe bat (Stanyukovich, 1997; Bobkova, 2004). eggs), 15 ♂♂, 219 N1] off lesser mouse-eared bats; N1 off a Geoffroy’s bat. Spinturnix emarginatus (Kolenati, 1856) Remarks: The species was previously repeatedly Distribution: probably Palaearctic, subboreal; find- collected in Crimea (Stanyukovich, 1997; Bobkova, ings are known in Europe: Spain, Bulgaria, Hungary, 2004). Czech Republic, and Poland (Dusbábek, 1964; Beron, 1965; Deunff, 1977; Peribañez-Lopez et al., 1989; Steatonyssus periblepharus Kolenati, 1858 Krištofík et al., 2012); within the former USSR terri- tory the species was recorded only in Central Asia Distribution: boreal and partly subboreal zones of (Tajikistan) (Stanyukovich, 1997). the Old World. Host: Geoffroy’s bat Myotis emarginatus. Hosts: various species of the genus Pipistrellus. Material: 5 spms. (2 ♀♀, ♂, N1, N2) off a Geof- Material: N1 off a lesser mouse-eared bat, 14 N1 froy’s bat. off a common pipistrelle. Remarks: The species is recorded herein for the Remarks: The species was previously known in first time for the Crimean Peninsula, and also for Crimea from findings of two protonymphs (Bobkova, Russia and Ukraine as a whole. 2004). ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 98 No. 3 2018 CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECTOPARASITE FAUNA OF BATS 321 Table 2. Distribution of ectoparasites by hosts Number of ectoparasites collected off different hosts Collection Rhinolophus Myotis Pipistrellus Species of ectoparasites localities Myotis blythii ferrumequinum emarginatus pipistrellus Total (see Table 1) n = 32 n = 2 n = 2 n = 2 Acari: Mesostigmata, Gamasina Spinturnicidae Eyndhovenia euryalis 3 1 1 – – 2 Spinturnix myoti 1–4 – 212 – – 212 (7.3; 91) S. emarginatus 2 – – 5 – 5 (2.5; 100) Macronyssidae Ichoronyssus scutatus 1–4 – 76 – – 76 (6.3; 38) Macronyssus granulosus 1–4 – 288 1 – 289 (10.7; 84) Steatonyssus 2 – 1 – 14 15 periblepharus (1; 3) (14; 50) Insecta: Diptera, Nycteribiidae Penicillidia dufouri 1–4 – 46 3 – 49 (2.9; 50) (1.5; 100) Nycteribia vexata 1–4 – 56 – – 56 (4; 44) Phthiridium biarticulatum 3 1 – – – 1 Insecta: Siphonaptera, Ischnopsyllidae Ischnopsyllus octactenus 2 – – – 2 2 Rhinolophopsylla 2 – – 2 – 2 unipectinata Total 2 680 11 16 709 MI and P indices are given in parentheses Insecta: Diptera, Nycteribiidae Hosts: the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) and the lesser mouse-eared bat Penicillidia dufouri (Westwood, 1835) M. blythii (Szentiványi et al., 2016). Distribution: subboreal zone of the Palaearctic. Material: 26 ♀♀, 30 ♂♂ off a lesser mouse-eared Hosts: the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis bat. (Borkhausen, 1797) and the lesser mouse-eared bat Remarks: N. vexata was earlier recorded from M. blythii (Szentiványi et al., 2016). Crimea by Pliginsky (1927). Material: 26 ♀♀, 20 ♂♂ off a lesser mouse-eared bat; ♀, 2 ♂♂ off a Geoffroy’s bat. Phthiridium biarticulatum Hermann, 1804 Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time Distribution: subboreal zone of the Western and for the territory of Crimea. Central Palaearctic. Hosts: various horseshoe bats of the genus Rhino- Nycteribia vexata Westwood, 1835 lophus sp., mainly the greater and the lesser horseshoe Distribution: subboreal zone of the Palaearctic. bats (Szentiványi et al., 2016). ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 98 No. 3 2018 322 ORLOVA, ORLOV Material: ♂ off a greater horseshoe bat. Nature of Eastern Crimea…, 2013). Our findings of Remarks: The species was previously recorded in its specific parasite may, on the one hand, point to the Crimea only once (Ševčik et al., 2011). presence of so far undiscovered colonies of the com- mon bent-wing bat, which may be found during the Insecta: Siphonaptera, Ischnopsyllidae future collections; on the other hand,
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    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2006) 155–170 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nycteribiid and streblid bat Xies (Diptera: Brachycera, Calyptratae): Implications for host associations and phylogeographic origins Katharina Dittmar a,¤, Megan L. Porter b, Susan Murray c, Michael F. Whiting a a Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA b Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA c Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Received 1 April 2005; revised 25 May 2005; accepted 6 June 2005 Available online 8 August 2005 Abstract Bat Xies are a small but diverse group of highly specialized ectoparasitic, obligatory bloodsucking Diptera. For the Wrst time, the phylogenetic relationships of 26 species and Wve subfamilies were investigated using four genes (18S rDNA, 16S rDNA, COII, and cytB) under three optimality criteria (maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference). Tree topol- ogy tests of previous hypotheses were conducted under likelihood (Shimodaira–Hasegawa test). Major Wndings include the non- monophyly of the Streblidae and the recovery of an Old World- and a New World-Clade of bat Xies. These data ambiguously resolve basal relationships between Hippoboscidae, Glossinidae, and bat Xies. Recovered phylogenies resulted in either monophyly (Bayes- ian approach) or paraphyly (MP/ML topologies) of the bat Xies, thus obscuring the potential number of possible associations with bats throughout the history of this group. Dispersal-vicariance analysis suggested the Neotropical region as the possible ancestral distribution area of the New World Streblidae and the Oriental region for the Old World bat Xies.
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