RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal

July 2016 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal

July 2016

PREPARED BY: Mel Morris Conservation 67 Brookfields Road Ipstones Staffordshire ST10 2LY RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL CONTENTS

Introduction Consultation

1. Location, Topography & Geology ...... 2

2. Summary of Special Interest ...... 3

3. Context ...... 4 • Designations ...... 4 • Origins, Development & Settlement Form ...... 4 Timeline • Planning Policy Context ...... 15 • Landscape Setting ...... 15 • Footpaths ...... 16

4. Architectural and Historic Quality and Building Materials...... 17 • Waterway Architecture ...... 17 • Houses and Villas ...... 18 • Churches and Chapels ...... 22 • Chalets ...... 23 • Boathouses ...... 24 • The Jubilee Stone ...... 26 • Architectural Details and Building Materials ...... 27

5. Boundary ...... 29

6. Spatial Analysis ...... 31 • Key Views and Landmarks ...... 31 • Open Spaces ...... 33 • Description of Sub-Areas ...... 33

7. General Condition of the Area ...... 43

8. Negative Factors ...... 44

9. Problems, Pressures and Capacity for Change ...... 46

10. Key Recommendations ...... 55

Further Advice and Information ...... 57 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Education, unless otherwisestated Conservation, GuyBadhamPhotography, ©MelMorris Photographs Derwent Adventure Staffordshire MuseumService Heath’sPlate 10-Mrs Tea of Roomsin1905(P2003.1.6(37/12372)withpermission Museum Service Plate 9- ofStaffordshire View ofRudyard in1896(P2003.1.29(37/12713)withpermission ofStaffordshire MuseumService with permission Plate 8– The Dam, ca. photographed 1896by William Sandeman(P2007.009.0001(37/22691) Museum Service Plate 7–Rudyard Vale ofStaffordshire in1885(P2003.1.27 (37/12709)-withpermission mapof1879at1:2500scale editionOrdnanceSurvey Plate 6–first ofStaffordshire RecordOffice) permisssion (D(W)1909/E/9/1-with fromthe1816mapofManorHorton Plate 5–extract by ofStaffordshire Brown RecordOffice) (withpermisssion Plate 4–Mapof1811surveyed Staffordshire Record Office) of Sessions1796map (Q/Rum/18-withpermisssion fromtheQuarter Plate 3–Extract ofStaffordshire RecordOffice) permisssion Sessions1795bookofreference (Q/Rum/16-with fromtheQuarter Plate 2–Extract Staffordshire RecordSociety Plate 1– William Yates –by mapoftheCountyStaffordshire permission 1775(extract) HISTORIC MAPS AND PHOTOGRAPHS Sub-Areas Figure 5–Rudyard Character Figure 4–Rudyard andSouthmaps) -Spatial Analysis (North Figure 3–Rudyard CanalandRiver Trust Boundary Ownership Figure 2–Rudyard PhasePlan andSouthmaps) Figure 1–Rudyard Designations(North FIGURES RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 1 To advance the education of the public in the said area. advance the education of the public To To conserve and its surrounding Lake benefit the natural of Rudyard the public environment for To area. INTRODUCTION • organisations: represents the following Trustees The Board of Horton Trust, Wildlife The Staffordshire County Council, Staffordshire Trust, The Canals and Rivers Ltd. Lake Rudyard Users Lake Forum, League of Friends, Lake Rudyard Parish Council, Rudyard Lake Trust is the co-ordinating body responsible for management of the different interests management of the different for is the co-ordinating body responsible Trust Lake Rudyard are: its main objectives on June 29th 1996, Established across the lake. • Both Historic England and Government guidance recommends the involvement of residents and Both Historic guidance recommends the involvement England and Government there are a large of stakeholders number at In addition, within conservationbusinesses areas. it runs line where Valley the track-bed County Council owns of the Churnet Staffordshire Rudyard: and areas of land at the dam and both the lake own Trust the Canals and Rivers through Rudyard, The area within the boundary includes large and open space, areas of woodland along the margins. local farmers. by owned The designation of a conservation area at Rudyard is part of the Churnet Valley Masterplan; Rudyard Rudyard Masterplan; The designation of a conservationValley is part area at Rudyard of the Churnet is at the northern end of the plan area. Consultation as set out in the This appraisal circulated and advertised has been widely consultation, with full public to view on the of the appraisalA copy is available Involvement’. ‘Statement of Community Council’s offices in Leek. can be consulted at the Council hard copy and a Council website Conservation that special attention should be paid to leads to an obligation area designation preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area. The Staffordshire Moorlands (excluding the Peak District MoorlandsThe Staffordshire National Park) currently the Peak (excluding (2015) has 15 designated conservation areas. This appraisal architectural document defines and records the special and historic interest of the proposed conservation model the follows It opportunities area & also identifies for enhancement. Appraisals 2006) and set out in Historic (Guidance on Conservation England guidance Area (2012). Appraisal and Management’ ConservationArea Designation, ‘Understanding Place: The contents of this Conservation Area Appraisal ownersto be both a guide for are intended this ConservationThe contents of Area and occupiers within the conservation and land buildings of the local planning for area and a guide The contents are a material consideration when determining development, applications for authority. or proposing works the preservation for dealing with appeals, of the area. or enhancement Every authority local planning areas (which are of their to time if any assess from time has a duty to not conservation architecturalareas) contain special or historic the character interest or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve and 69 of the Planning (Listed Buildings or enhance (section depending upon the results, a review and, following They shall then, Act 1990). ConservationAreas) this legal process follows Rudyard This assessment of as conservationdesignate those areas areas. and duty. 2 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL the low-lying fields. interwoven withbandsof Till and Alluvium, whichcreatesadistinctive rounded, undulatingshapeto the reservoir, wherethelandopensout, mudstone andsiltstone Formation thegeologyisMorridge Edge.the west andGrindlestone alongCamroseHill, westwards toHorton rising To thesouthof to landtotheeastandwest, Grit totherising by RoachesGrit outcropofChatsworth withalarge 1.4 1.3 hamletsofRudyard andHarper’s fromtheformer Gate. farms cottagesand of Leek,entrepreneurs pre-19th century laterholiday chaletsandacoreofearlier somewell-established late incorporate housesintheirmaturegardensfor thelocalwealthyVictorian ofthelake,and west which isamainly withinwhicharethesettled parts wooded escarpment attheoldstationsite.it isnow by apopularrecreationalroute, acarpark served To thesouth Staffordshire Railway;of thelake, oftheNorth hasbeen dismantledand isthetrack-bed thetrack associatedwiththecanalnetwork.waterworks Beyond this, perimeter alongtheeastern running as Rudyard Lake, sectionsoftheassociatedcanalfeeders, thedamwall, spillway, andcomplex 1.2 approximately 363(2001). Councilandthevillagehasapopulationof District ofStaffordshire Moorlands boundary tooverof thevalleyrise 250metres AOD. areafallswithintheadministrative The conservation oftheRiver Churnet, sides andthesurrounding sided valleyonthealignmentofasmalltributary south-east ofthedamhead. islocatedat160metresabove sealevel, Rudyard Reservoir inasteep- Valley about2kilometrestothe runs neartheStaffordshire theRiver –Cheshireborder; Churnet 1.1 1. The drift geologyismainly The drift Alluvium and solidgeologyisdominated Till andtheunderlying onFigure1. isillustrated areaboundary The conservation the3kilometre-longreservoir, atitsheart known areaincorporates The conservation oftheChurnet fringe ofLeekjustbeyond thenorthern Rudyard islocatedtothenorth-west LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 3 SUMMARY OF SPECIAL INTEREST OF SPECIAL SUMMARY There is no doubt that Rudyard is a rather special place, although relatively unknown to a to unknown relatively although is a ratherno doubt that Rudyard There is special place, characteristics key can be summarised of Rudyard as follows: The distinctive, A largely Edwardian tourist resort with wide range of both land-based and water-based activities: A largely Edwardian tourist resort activities: with wide range of both land-based and water-based attract a wide steam railway, angling and a miniature sailing, canoeing, rowing, cycling, walking, range of visitors year each itself and the the lake views from the dam, by dominated An exposed and dramatic location, patterns can change rapidly weather on the lake and the valley can produce a significant A523; fetch. with areas of ornamented woodland landscape and a backdrop of dense mixed Lush vegetation, connect spaces and frame the main views piecemeal following developed accommodation to suit various holiday of visitor budgets, Pockets late nineteenth century land auctions routes along the footpath Widespread and historic access - long interconnected public public cycleways and footpaths combined networkrunand lake encircle the feeders; canal the alongside access up and with water-based line, railway Valley run along the route of the former Churnet the lake.down Picturesque groupings of traditional and modern boathouses and chalets punctuate the lakeside largeA few 19th century and mature landscaped grounds villas sit with extensive An intimate narrow network of rural line the approach lanes and scattered ribbon development the rolling agricultural hidden from the wider area by setting routes, A place of natural beauty dominated by a man-made, early 19th centuryA place of natural a man-made, beauty dominated by reservoir 2. • • • • • • • • 2.1 2.2 • wide audience. Initially developed as an early as developed Initially reservoir man-made canal network the wide audience. for at the its serendipitous natural tourismwas exploited for beauty in several waves turncentury, of the 19th and was at the during and then during the 1850s and 60s early the 20th century, of development, to the changing fashions according It has evolved height of its popularity during the Edwardian era. used for It is increasingly to these pressures. responding quietly leisure industry, and tastes of the watersports. adventurous and more rowing Overlooked forgotten and perhaps slightly boating, it has had a resurgence in popularity during the last during half of the 20th century, the second buildings supporting funded recreational with the benefit of new publicly leisure and 20 years, It is a robust Trust. hours tourism Lake thousands of volunteer the Rudyard and many managed by lack of appreciation under pressure from gentrification; is now respects but in many environment historical and aesthetic character some of its more ephemeral threatens special of its wider social, qualities. 4 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL wood at Bankrecorded in1387.Whorrocks A wood atReaCliffe wasmentioned inthelate1530s have extentoftheRudyard township. theeastern formed outofRudyard toDieulacres of anestatecarved Abbey in1232andatthistimeMeerbrookmay tothe small manors Verduns of Alton ofwhichRudyard wasone. section alarge The crown granted anumber of ofChestergranted of Chesterby 1093. theEarls Inthemiddleof12thcentury (Rudierd –1086), whenitwasoneoftheLeektownships; itwasprobably toHugh1Earl granted 3.4 development ofthearea. and why itlookstheway itdoestoday. isahandyreferenceThe timelineoverleaf toolfor the thekey phasesinthedevelopment howsummarised ofRudyard it evolved tohelpdescribe (see Bibliography). comprehensive publications, Ratherthanrepeatthedetailofthesevery we have 3.3 Origins, DevelopmentandSettlementForm Mill. and Harracles areaboundary: Hall, Cliffe Park buildings withintheconservation LodgeandFlanking Cliffe Park Walls, 3.2 interest. orhistoric orenhancespecialarchitectural preserve Areas) Conservation Act. to legislationrequiresproposals thatneedplanningpermission This primary 3.1 Designations 3. CONTEXT 3 2 1 and wasusedasaplacename inthelater13thcentury the bottomsectionofHarper’s Gate, comesfromthe word ‘hoar’ tooaktrees, (orgrey)referring 3.7 demand for charcoal. inanareawheretherewere withhigh felling ironbloomeries wasacommonpattern Opportunistic CountyHistory).1538 itwasallegedthat300treeshadbeenfelled withoutlicence(Victoria were felled illegally.become denuded. oakandashonthehay (Horton) Inthe15thcentury In 3.6 fromLeekparish, parish ofwhichRudyard wasatownship. Horton The brookseparated Rudyard tothe eastwasrelatively unsettled, withthe ‘Dunsmore Brook’ throughthemiddle. running 3.5 hamlet. site oftheoriginal Rudyard House, known asGreen formerly Tree but nopositive Farm) indicationsthatthesewere the complexes (Willgateand totheeastoflake whichareclusteredtogetherinaclose-knitform slopes ofGun, suggestsitmay township bethesiteofformer hamlet. farm There areseveral ofMacclesfield,the Earl in1723. ThesitingofRudyard Hall, positiononthesouthwestern inaprime century,the township by thethirteenth andretainedthemanoruntilitwassoldto Thomas Parker, Rudyard different aswe fromtheRudyard know recordedinDomesday ittoday isvery ofRudyard hasbeendiscussedatlengthinmany detailedpublished accounts The history onFigure1. areaisillustrated oftheconservation The boundary There arethreelisted Areas areprotectedunderthe1990Planning(ListedBuildingsand Conservation The name Bank,Whorrocks whichisthepreviousnamefor CamroseHill, andwhich included ithad heavilyThe areahadbeenhistorically wooded 19thcentury althoughby theearly tothewest ofRudyard Lake andthevillageof The steep-sidedvalleylying between Horton S.H.C. N.S. x(1), 139 N.R.A. list216(Roger ofHorhoc); S.H.C. N.S. xi. 255 (JohnofHorchok) Cleverdon, F “Landscape withBuildings” -PhD Thesis, March2002 2 . ‘Horewode’ wasprobably thenameof 1 The Rudyard family were established in 3 . RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 5 the Lake is re-stocked and a second station is built at the northern built and a second station is is re-stocked the Lake end of the Lake The 9-hole golf club is established The 18-hole golf club is established Auction estate is sold Earl of Macclesfield’s The golf club closes Sailing Club is formed Lake Rudyard Activity Centre at the damhead café and of visitor facilities, Development LOCAL EVENTS LOCAL Vale the feeder channel from a 2½ mile firstconstruct Bill to Endon to Leek, a canal from Leek and a Reservoir to of Rudyerd at Rudyard. Bill the 1796/97 Parliament approves form is flooded to the reservoirVale the Leek Canal opens and Rudyard Act of Parliament to construct from Dane Bridge channel a feeder to the north end of the reservoir John Haworth Park by Cliffe Hall is built the weir Act grants and lower to deepen the Dane feeder powers to the Canal Company at Dane Bridge paper mill opens Railway Valley Churnet a license to bailiff) applies for water and Mersey Co. Navigation Trent (the Tunnicliffe Joseph liquorssell excisable his premises from station opens Rudyard Park of Cliffe Hall instigates legal proceedings in the High Court Bostock owner Fanny to the Northprevent recreational purposes for from using the lake and Railway Staffordshire itself. on the lake them from holding events An injunction prevents events. holding public Land Auction Ballroom opens at Hotel Rudyard Rudyard Roller skating is introduced to Hotel Land Auction ParkAuction of the Cliffe Estate (784 acres) – in 38 lots August - Land Auction Jubilee is marked the erection of the Jubilee Stone Victoria’s by Queen to runthe North boats powers to raise is given of the Lake, the level Railway Staffordshire other recreational purposes a hotel and provide for and use the lake and to develop facilities North Golf Club ParkLake Cliffe acquires Rudyard promotes Hall and Railway Staffordshire 1905 1906 1908 1910 1919 1926 1956 2000 on DATE 1795/96 1797 1801 1809 c1818 1823 1849 1850 July 1850 July 22nd 1851 1873 1873 1876 1880 1885 1890 1897 1904 1904 TIMELINE 6 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL (reproduced bypermissionStaffordshire Record Society) Plate 1-1775MapofStaffordshire by William Yates Haworth whowasatReacliffe in1816 Haworth ofHulme Haworth brook wasownedWalfield by Henry nearCongleton, passing tohissonJohn of the parish. However,a sizeable inthenorth ownership thelandtoimmediatewest ofthe in 1816wasEdmund Antrobus whohadbought thetitleofmanorin1804andstillretained 18th Century occupied by Thomas Knight in1607as A housedescribed ‘at Whorrocks’ andthen 6 5 4 but hadbeenclosedby thelate1890s Stone House. ontheeastsideof Quarries BankRoadby 1856were in1884 Whorrocks stillworked 3.9 19th century, wasthenrebuilt andre-namedRed Wood. The original ‘Bank House’, namedin1613andwheretheChallenorfamily themid were livingduring stone barn, 19thcentury. whichdatesfromtheearly-mid and farmstead and 1925itwaslinked totheformer calledBankHousewasbuilt betweenfarmhouse 1900 Horton. the topofbankoverlooking The current House, whichisnow thesiteofRed Wood locatedat 3.8 StationHotel.the former inthedatestoneembeddedsidewallof survive Bank Road. The initialsfor Knightandhiswife still of thelaterPoachers Tavern atthefoot of Whorrocks In 1815 there was a quarry onthewest sideof BankRoadandanothersouthof In 1815therewasaquarry Whorrocks Other housesat Bank’‘Whorrocks includeBank 1816 Map and schedule of Horton Manor 1816 Mapand scheduleofHorton SRO Q/RDc69, planII, nos. 143, 181; D. 4069/6/2/1; Kelly’s Dir. Staffs. (1884) S.R.O., D. (W.) 1490/17, ct. of23Oct1607 4 probably stoodonthesite 5 6 . . freeholders, although theholderofManor was, incontrast, number occupiedby of alarge in1919. it waseventually dispersed Horton largely owned by the Earl ofMacclesfielduntil ownedlargely by theEarl 3.12 Dunwood LaneandCamroseHill meet. and Bank’,‘Whorrocks whereRudyard Road, know ittoday isclusteredaround ‘Harper’s Gate’ been displacedover time, asRudyard aswe core ofany settlementisnotknown andhas areaboundary.the conservation The precise distance away, totheeastof A523, beyond settlement isRudyard Hall, whichliessome 3.11 and Rudyard House. but aclose-knitcoreisgroupedaround Willgate A523. Someofthesegroupsarequitedispersed as anucleated clusterofbuildings west ofthe visible on William Yates’ 1775map of Staffordshire itis totheeastofreservoir; footpath network to theeastofDunsmoreBrookandsplitby anold onthehighground asahamletoffarms survive 3.10 Poacher’s Tavern 1630 datestoneembeddedintheformer Land totheeastofbrookwas ofthe dateable part The earliest ofRudyard parts The oldestsurviving RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 7 The intensification of commercial traffic using the Caldon Canal during the 1780s and 1790s, The intensification of commercial traffic using the Caldon Canal during the 1780s and 1790s, As part of the development of their burgeoning canal network, the Trent and Mersey Canal Trent As part the of their burgeoning canal network, of the development Rudyard Village today was previously known as Harpers Gate. This was a mainly agricultural a mainly This was as Harpers known previously was today Village Gate. Rudyard Harracles Lane lies in the parish lies to the south of Dunwood Hall which of Longsdon but Plate 2 - Extract from the 1795 Quarter Sessions Plate 2 - Extract from listing the landowners on either book of reference (Q/Rum/16) side of the new reservoir Plate 3 - detail of the 1796 map of the proposed the Quarter Sessions (Q/Rum/18) from reservoir Record with permission of Staffordshire (reproduced Office) led to water shortages of water; at times the small supply a reliable in providing and problems a branch Leek was located on of the reservoirs drawn out. water sources were to provide built Plans dating from as early and Mersey Canal Company. Trent the Caldon Canal being promoted by the proposed reservoiras 1795 show leading to the canal network. 3.16 3.15 and Mersey Trent the new Caldon Canal and the of water for seeking a ready supply were Company a holding reservoirThe plans for firsta source of water were in the to provide developed Canal. which permitted to the company and Mersey Canal Bill, Trent had their origins1790s but in the 1766 yards from hundred “such Springs within the distance of five a shall be found the canal from supply partany the first miles…..between of the canal and within the distance of five and lock in Cheshire route of The the first such reservoirs and also to make lock in Staffordshire necessary”. as shall be and Mersey Trent Act of Parliament as part by the Caldon Canal was developed of the extended Canal network Froghall and Etruria between 1776 in direct response to the need to provide from of raw sources materialslinks between and areas of manufacturing. 3.14 – 1797-1847 Reservoir of Rudyard The Construction settlement with a few farms, with additional employment for trades such as a nailer, a blacksmith, a blacksmith, trades for as a nailer, such employment with additional farms, a few with settlement a scattering century the eighteenth There were by of houses the bottom of the at and a miller. Harpers the as a hamlet by Lake. Whorrocks Gate was known Rudyard of Bank west escarpment of century. later eighteenth The name incorporates Harracles within Horton Mill lies parishbrook forms and the the boundary. associates it firmlyThe name with to an estate (ecels). meaning hoar (har) and land added words from the late 1400s family Wedgwood the by had been owned The hall and estate Whorrocks Bank. solicitor. a Leek Mills, Thomas until it was sold in 1791 to inheritance, by and passed down 3.13 8 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Canal withtheMacclesfield- reproduced bypermissionStaffordshire Record Office) Plate 4-Mapof1811surveyedbyBrown, showingtheroute ofaproposed connectingcanaltolinktheCaldon Rudyard Lake. feeder drive. channel totheeast, Reacliffe Bothstillsupply Roadcarriage underneath whichemerges of the LeeFarm, ofBarns course andthelaterstraight cloughtothenorth the fieldsinanarrow oftheDunsmoreBrook, through whichmeanders tributary western therefore containstheoriginal by sixinches toincreasewatertake-off fromtheRiver Dane. end ofthereservoir The northern and executed in1823 withthedeepeningofDanefeeder channel andthelowering oftheweir but heighteninglevelsand levels upstreamandanewweir) tolower intoreservoir level atentrance tothefeeder withanewproposedtopwaterline,planned in1821(alterations changing capacity 3.19 reservoir. new feeder whichtookfloodwaterfromtheRiver andweir Dane, wasauthorised totopupthe would beneededandin1809,reliable supply totopupthereservoir under Act ofParliament, a whichwere initially established.from thesmallstreamsandtributaries Itbecameclearthatafurther couldnotbefilledtocapacity andRudyard Reservoir were leadingto ongoingwatershortages 3.18 March 1801. completed witha2½-milelongfeeder channelconnectingthetwo, openedin andthenewnetwork at Ryecroft Gate(inRushton)specifically for thispurpose. canaltoLeekwasthen Thebranch south hectares andwasfed by theDingleBrookandRad(thelatterbeingdiverted the contractors Thomas Peak andJohnMansfield. istwo 163 mileslongandcovers Thereservoir consultant. The dam, from1797, designedby Rennieandconstructed wascompletedin1800by commencedin1797,and feeders withHughHenshallasresidentengineerandJohnRennie 3.17 Again, leadtoafinalphaseofcanaldevelopment, increaseddemands onthenetwork first andtheproposedopeningofUttoxeterDemands onthecanalnetwork Canal(in1811) oftheCaldonCanal;The extendedLeekbranch ofRudyard Reservoir andtheconstruction RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 9 Plate 5 - extract from the 1816 map of the Manor of Horton with the 1816 map of the Manor of Horton Plate 5 - extract from built for the water bailiff and later subsumed House”, “Reservoir by permission - reproduced (D(W)1909/E/9/1 into Hotel Rudyard, Office) Record Staffordshire . Around the house he laid out garden plantations (which plantations (which Around the house he laid out garden . 8 ; she died unmarried in March 1875. Revd. James Bostock (Haworth’s James Bostock cousin and Revd. she died unmarried in March 1875. ; 9 . 7 The precise date of construction The 1816 plan of HortonThe 1816 plan of Manor S.R.O., D. (W.) 1909/D/4/3 (W.) D. S.R.O., of Foxt Chester Letter addressed to Howarth C. Park at Cliffe of Mrs. and dated 1818 in possession The Bicentenary 1797-1997’ - Lake ‘Rudyard B. Jeuda, Following the establishment of the establishment Following As early as 1835, local businessmen met in Hanley and Leek to discuss a Potteries branch met in Hanley and Leek to discuss a Potteries local businessmen As early as 1835, There may have been a chapel at Harper’s Gate by 1841 when there is mention of Chapel Gate by been a chapel at Harper’s have There may alongside Rudyard line to be built a railway enabling Act, The North Railway Staffordshire John Haworth lived at Cliffe Park until his death in 1831. John Haworth’s John first John Haworth cousin Fanny Park at Cliffe until his death in 1831. lived of the house and the parkland is not it was shortly but date after the known, as it was recorded in 1818 of the map, 3.22 3.21 the site before shows (D(W) 1909/E/9/1) when ‘estate’ of the the development Haworth the farm was still occupying Reacliffe House (now as Reacliffe known Farm). 7 8 in 2001 9 3.20 John a local landowner, the reservoir, a himself decided to build Haworth, large Gothick in the fashionable mansion advantage and take style of the day of the natural beauty of the reservoir ParkThe Cliffe estate environment. acres overlooking an area of 135 covered Lake Rudyard Development of the Cliffe Park Cliffe of the Development 1818-1830 Estate 3.26 connect markets which would railway and Manchester via the Grand with London more efficiently scheme which various the eventual There were competing bids and schemes but Junction Railway. was supported the major cities (The Manchester and with Stoke in 1837 and linked was developed 3.24 3.25 1849-1904 Tourism The Development of co-investor) was living at Cliffe Park in 1841with his wife Harriet and their child, but by 1851 Fanny 1851 Fanny by but Park Harriet was living at Cliffe in 1841with his wife co-investor) and their child, Park. at Cliffe Bostock was living independently is a conversion of the former Camrose Hall, situated on the hillside above “Swiss Cottage” House. also the site of the earlier possibly but chapel. opened in 1862, Chapel, Methodist Wesleyan Assent in 1846. Royal received reservoir, 3.23 She had borne him an illegitimate daughter who was placed Bostock was living at Barns Lea in 1841. in an orphanage 1831-1849 included some specimen trees), a ha-ha and tree-lined avenues were created along the route of created along the were a ha-ha and tree-lined avenues included some specimen trees), a matching Gothick house he built a new carriage conjunction with his new fashionable In drive. Cottage, Wood Reacliffe as close to the carriage known drive, a gate lodge, ‘eye-catcher’, Gothick the reservoir. the easternwhich was once prominent from banks above 10 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL festivities included boat races and trips onasteamer. andtrips festivities includedboatraces Another regattawasheldon Whit Monday, but Manchester, Stockport, andMacclesfieldas well asthe andotherStaffordshire towns.Potteries The by thencalledRudyard Lake. broughtbetween from seven Specialtrains and eightthousandtourists a Leekgardener, andonEasterMonday 1851thecompany afêteandregattaatwhatwas organized landscapedwithwalksandseatsby the wooded groundstothewest ofthereservoir William Nunns, 3.29 on for theirpleasure. and the many by activities laid the beautiful surroundings the Potteries thousands attracted disgorging a weekend fromManchesterand meccafor trains day trippers, withaconstantstreamofexcursion Staffordshire Railway Co. sourceofincome. whocouldseethisasalucrative Before longitbecame 3.28 now thehomeofminiaturesteamrailway. ofMacclesfield, endofthelake,the Earl thelocationofstationatsouthern toencourage event, GatewasgiftedtotheNSRby locallandowners, 12,000acresoflandnearHarpers including endofthelake. Inthe theNSR tobuild astationandgoodswarehouseatthenorthern persuade by to Fanny toresolve Bostockandlocallandowners 1850 tookafew following years efforts sideofthelake;the eastern endofthelake in thelocationofstationatsouthern August Leek andUttoxeter skirting onlaying thetrack CanalCompanies. started InOctober1847work Company andtherailway company wasformed tookover theCaldon,Railway andCanalCarrying 3.27 opened on13thJuly 1849. established;Railway RodetoUttoxeter wasfirst was thelinewhicheventuallyran fromNorth Derby (Churnet Valley) Railway andplanswere producedin1840. Staffordshire In1846theNorth Railway didnotgetapproved by parliament, itdidleadtothepromotionofManchesterand atDerby,terminating whereitwould meet theMidlandCountiesRailway. Although theExtension oftheM&BRatMacclesfieldthroughLeek, fromthetermination was torun pastUttoxeter and alongthevalley.came fromlocalbusiness interestsandcommercialpressurefromindustries The line Railway). Birmingham linkthroughtheChurnet Pressurefor afurther Valley (theExtensionRailway) Plate 6-first editionOrdnance Survey mapof1879 Following the opening of the Leek-Macclesfield railwayFollowing theopeningofLeek-Macclesfield linein1849, theNSRreputedly had wasexploitedby theNorth attraction beautyandpotentialasatourist Its natural Staffordshire andtheNorth In 1847itwasdecidedthattheNSRshouldactascanalcarrier RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 11 After Fanny Bostock’s death in 1875, the house passed back to the executors and in 1885 at death in 1875, Bostock’s After Fanny which led to the of land auctions during a number the late 19th century, There were Although the Queen’s Bench decision put a stop to water-based events, the area around the events, put a stop to water-based Bench decision Although the Queen’s Plate 7 - the tranquil and open Rudyard Vale in 1885, with the lake beyond (P2003.1.27 (37/12709 - by in 1885, with Vale Plate 7 - the tranquil and open Rudyard Museum Service) permission Staffordshire 3.32 3.31 Edward Duncan Boothman (one of the executors Bostock’s and husband of Fanny auction the Revd. bought a large partniece Georgina), selling the bulk of the estate and he sold some plots off before on to the North in 1903. Company Railway Staffordshire of private the former Parkdevelopment Cliffe Estate. houses and boathouses within and beyond very not successful however, villas were, at the land auctions intended for The largest plots available 3.30 remained popular with touristsdam and the walks rest of the century throughout the was and there during tea-rooms and domestic housing in commercial land-based ventures, considerable investment was in 1878 when Blondin, that drew the crowds One highlight of the 19th century. the last decades the above 100 feet crossed the lake who had crossed Niagara walker the famous tight-rope Falls, days. three consecutive over water, a third, planned for later in the summer, was stopped by an injunction secured by Fanny Bostock of Bostock Fanny by secured an injunction by stopped was in the summer, later for planned a third, Justice Lord Chief The of touristswas alarmed who the number behaviour. and their by Park, Cliffe the company ruledin 1852 but organize an event such could not legally company a railway that Bostock Miss been held, It appears have not to year. that Whit Monday again advertised a fête for Her argument to use the was not entitled company that the another injunction. for applied having reservoir other purpose any than its original for canal was supported water to the one of supplying Bench in 1855. Queen’s by 12 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Lakeland Lodge. the StationHotel. andhasbeenrenamed toapartments The building hasrecently beenconverted in associationwiththeChurnet Valley Railway; by 1888itwascalledtheRailway Hotelandby 1900 3.36 author (Kipling), slightly confusing tovisitors, asheprobably never visitedtheplace. His name, inspiredby theplace, hasledtoalegacyofplaceandhousenamesassociatedwiththe 3.35 (boathouse) 1893. more remoteretreats, LodgeBoathouse(1891)and includingtheHorton The LadyoftheLake scatteredleisuredevelopments tookplaceproviding thisperiod themiddleclasseswith During along thelake frontage. StephenGoodwinalonepurchased11building andboathouseplots. 3.34 • • • • • • • • 3.33 commercially andwere latersplitintosmallerparcels, theresultbeingrelatively few detachedvillas. permission Staffordshire Museum Service) Plate 8- The Dam,photographed ca.1896by William Sandeman(P2007.009.0001 (37/22691)by By 1854 Knight’s house at Harpers Gate had been converted intotheRailway Inn, Gatehadbeenconverted By 1854Knight’s named houseatHarpers Rudyard Kipling’s parentswere whothrongedtoRudyard someofthemany in1863. tourists estate,At theauctionofCliffe Park plots anumber oflocalbusinessmen boughtlarge Estate, including9building plotsalongCamroseHill&Reacliffe1927 SaleoftheFairview Rd Auction (February) 1911 (May) Auction 1893 1890 (October) plotsalongLake Road Auction oflarge 1885 (August) Estate(784acres)–in38lots Auction oftheCliffe Park (July) Auction 1883 1880 (September) Auction ofsmallplotsalongLake Road 1873 (August) Auction –Lake Road These salesinclude: RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 13 Plate 10 - Mrs Heath’s tea rooms 1905 tea rooms Plate 10 - Mrs Heath’s (P2003.1.6. (37/12372) - by permission Museum Service Staffordshire . In . 10 on the north 11 S.R.O., Q/RDc 69, plan II; Staffs. Advertiser, 26 Apr. 1851, p. 7; White, Dir. Staffs. (1851) Staffs. Dir. White, 7; p. 1851, Apr. 26 Advertiser, Staffs. plan II; Q/RDc 69, S.R.O., Staffs. Dir. P.O. 2/2); 2 (ii), Johnson scrapbk. in Leek Libr., 7 (copy Guide to Rudyard, Penny Clemesha’s Hotel Rudyard, which incorporates a house Hotel Rudyard, Tearooms grew in popularity, initiated by a initiated by grew in popularity, Tearooms expand would Lake The exploitation of Rudyard Plate 9 - View of Rudyard above the Churnet Valley Railway in 1896, with little tree cover,by Railway in 1896, with little tree Valley above the Churnet View of Rudyard Plate 9 - (37/12713) Museum Service - P2003.1.29 permission Staffordshire 10 11 8. p. 3 June 1876, Courier Macclesfield & Herald, 1; p. 1873, 4 Jan. Advertiser, Staffs. (1872); 3.37 originally built for the reservoir keeper, was opened in the reservoiroriginally for built keeper, a Congleton fête in 1851 by the Easter Monday time for It was first as Rudyard known Ullivero. Peter innkeeper, 1886 its present name was adopted c. Hotel; Lake about 1870 the hotel was taken over by Henry Platt, who Henry by over about 1870 the hotel was taken Platt, The grounds in 1873. with a ballroom notably enlarged it, and archery with areas for improved were and croquet, rink was opened in 1876 a roller-skating 3.38 3.39 side of the building (now the car park). To attract more To car park). the (now side of the building visitorsstarted Platt 1871, in May festival a well-dressing on special trains laying from the company the railway held in festival was still (the and Macclesfield Potteries 1873). a set up by and were at Spite Hall, successful venture as a supplementary Road, of locals along Lake number along with lodging houses. source of income, led Gate which eventually the small hamlet at Harper’s and is now name being changed to Rudyard to the area’s Village. as Rudyard known 14 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL appointed a ranger in 1988 and opened an information centre in1988andopenedaninformation appointed aranger a boathouseatthesouthendoflake. The lake isowned by The CanalsandRivers Trust, andthey 3.49 established for 1½milesalongthetrack-bed. 3.48 clubhouse wasbuilt in2000. Estate)forsection oftheshoreline(Cliffe alaunchfee Park (pers, com. A PMarch). The current in1978. sailingfromhis 1963 andenlarged permitted LeeFarm In the1960sowner ofBarns lodgetoCliffeclubhouse andfrom1958to1963theformer Park. A newclubhousewasbuilt in 3.47 civilparish. Horton form 3.46 Dalley(theownerwhen itwasboughtby until2015). MrBrian the housewasboughtby the Youth Hostel Association in1933. Itremainedasahosteluntil1969 3.45 1926 on 3.43 the bottomstationwaschangedtoRudyard Lake. in1926(aroundthetimethatgolfclubclosed)andatsamenameof to Cliffe Park andtrap. were metatthestationbygolfers horse Initially known asRudyard Lake, itchangedname specifically usingthenewly toprovide developing golfclubatCliffe astoppingpoint for visitors Park; Staffordshire Railway around thelake (from1904onwards)todevelop and tourism the North 3.42 ofthelake. part Company aroundthenorthern 3.41 to an18-holecourse. out, in1906, andagolfclubwasformed asaclubhouse. usingCliffe Park The golfclubwasextended hire outmotorlaunchesandrowing boatsonthelake 3.40 1904-1920s Boom 12 Rudyard, Rushton& The Roaches Through Time, NeilCollingwood (pub. 2013) The Churnet Valley Railway, Jeuda, B. (pub. 1999), Rudyard Reflections– and aGuide for AHistory ,Walkers Jeuda, B(pub. 2001) Rudyard Lake – 1797-1997,The Bicentenary Jeuda, B(pub. 1997) Bibliography volunteers. ofmany hardworking support Centre whichhousesacafé, boatstoresandmeetingrooms. This hasbeenachieved throughthe ofMacclesfield’sboathouse (TheEarl boathouse)intoa VisitorCentreand to build anew Activity improve visitorfacilitiesby building anewtoiletblock andchangingrooms, a150-year-old toconvert 3.50 The North Staffordshire Rowing Clubmoved toRudyard (from The North Trentham) in1989andhas Following theclosureofChurnet Valley linein1960, railway was anarrow-gauge Rudyard in1956. Lake SailingClubwasformed usedalakeside bungalow asa Itfirst wasamalgamatedwithRudyard to were alteredandHorton boundaries In 1934theparish The golfclubclosedin1926. for salewith38acresin1928and wasadvertised Cliffe Park A 1910landauctionatLake Roadledtofurther ‘infill’ development. The secondstationatthetopofRudyard Lake wasbuilt in1905andwasdesignedby Staffordshire RailwayFrom 1904, by number theNorth ofchaletswere alarge constructed The railway company estatein1903andwasempowered acquiredtheCliffe Park in1904to Since 2000 The Rudyard Lake Trust andpublic hasbeenable fundingto throughbothprivate 4 Edw. VII, c. 44(LocalandPersonal) 12 . hadbeenlaid By1905a9-holegolfcourse at the southern endofthelake in1989. at thesouthern RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 15 is Supplementary and is a Planning Guidance “Views are experienced of Rudyard Reservoir from the A523 east of the reservoir. A “Views are experiencedA523 east of the reservoir. Reservoir of Rudyard from the experienced also Views are from Horton, opportunity. viewing key a parking provides lay-by “ Way. Rights of from other lanes within the landscape and from high ground on Public The immediate landscape around Rudyard is widely recognised for its breathtaking scenery, taking in views of the reservoir and its breathtaking scenery, recognised for is widely Rudyard National planning policy for the historic environment is all contained within one over-arching the historic over-arching within one is all contained planning policy for National environment conservation covering The main local policies within the Staffordshire areas are found Policies tourismValley as a sustainable area. Churnet identifies the SS7, Policy Core Strategy, Master Plan (2014) Valley The Churnet Rudyard has highly distinctive characteristics. characteristics. distinctive has highly Rudyard It is a transitional landscape of rolling hills valleys supporting wooded dissected by pastoral farming views with expansive woodland Small from the higher ground. are significant within the landscape. blocks the embankments belts line Woodland the southern towards section of Rudyard The reservoir village. and within Rudyard views that expansive with highest terrain, in places reach over in the reservoir, take there are However, The Morridge. as far afield as and there are glimpses from AOD 380 metres viewpoints in the wider landscape where the reservoir public few can be seen from afar and this has which follows The reservoir, contributed of scenic beauty and seclusion. to its reputation as a place 3.56 3.55 is veryAssessment of Staffordshire The Landscape Character specific about backdrop. its wooded the setting of Rudyard: Landscape Setting material consideration in the determination of planning applications. This will influence planning This material consideration in the determination of planning applications. principleThe overarching is one and strategies this area. decisions and other initiatives affecting its and historic quality of the area, built environmental of sustaining and enhancing the natural, settlements and its hinterland rural for change which provides through managed regeneration largely Conservation Area of the Rudyard The Plan identifies the designation tourism. based on sustainable in recognition of its special historic action as a key characterpreserved which needs to be and enhanced. 3.52 3.53 3.54 3.51 view of the embodies a holistic This (2012). Framework Planning Policy the National document, historicfirst without not made in isolation that decisions are to ensure and is designed environment considering of the particular the significance of the historic aspects addressing and then environment the The NPPF should be read alongside issues. sustainability social and environmental economic, more which gives ‘Conserving the Historic and Enhancing Planning Practice Environment’ Guide Conservationdetailed advice on Area designation and management. The DC2 on policy context includes Policy The local planning . Strategy (2014) Moorlands Core Design Considerations DC1 Policy and Settlement, DC3 on Landscape Policy Historic Environment, C3 Green Infrastructure. lies within the Green Belt. Rudyard and Policy R1 and R2 form part the aims of the plan and are consistent with development of the adopted policies are the primaryThese which seeks to supportFramework, rural a prosperous economy. of ruraltests applied to the residential use buildings. Planning Policy Context Policy Planning 16 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL https://apps2.staffordshire.gov.uk/WEB/OnTheMap/RuralAccess Footpaths – include thefollowing; Much ofthesettingRudyard canbeappreciatedfromthisextensive footpath network, which is awell-established ofpublic footpaths network whichtake inmany ofthe areasofspecialinterest. 3.59 Footpaths Morridge. as The 3.58 landscape. ofthis ofthisfeature must fromtheuniquecharacter take accountofandnotdetract importance whichimpactonthelandscapecharacter,of Rudyard Reservoir visual, recreational, orecological 3.57 water’s edge. by thesteep-sided,linear viewsareoftenframed wooded escarpments, whichdropdown tothe withinthevalley,a linearform fromthelevel ofthelake, isperhapsatitsmostdramatic wherethe • • • • • • • • • • Churnet Churnet Valley railway line andthecanalfeeder, endofthereservoir HallEstate,Cliffe Park tothenorthern linkingtothe The Staffordshire leadingalong Reacliffe Roadandthroughthe Way (Footpath31–Horton) Footpath along the line of the Churnet Footpath alongthelineofChurnet Valley Railway footpath –apermissive where thereareexpansive viewsbackover Rudyard villageto Bank Whorrocks whichleadsthrough the woods fromthedamheadto Footpath 33(Horton) Willgate, from Caravan Park alongLake Roadandcontinues tothewest ofRudyard runs Footpath 56(Horton) Vale (Horton) From CamroseHillleadingtoRudyard LodgeisFootpath55 Vale pastHorton Caravan Park leading from the Footpath 67 (Horton) Visitor Centre along the shorelineto an old boathouse back oftheJohnMunroeIndependentHospitalsite leadingfromalongside Footpath 51(Horton) “Wits End” throughthewoods andalongthe leadingthroughthewooded Footpath 4(Horton) BankpastHouse. Whorrocks Mill,Footpath 1(Longsdon)leadspastHarracles connectingwithfootpath 26(Longsdon) beyond Rudyard RoadtoFootpathno. 70(Horton) The pathalongthecanalfeeder fromthedamFootpathno. 69(Horton), leadingsouth The area surrounding Rudyard is used by large numbers of visitors andresidentsthere ofvisitors Rudyard numbers isusedbyThe areasurrounding large inthehigherwoodland,There areoccasionalviewsoutwardsfromclearings reachingasfar development orlandusechangealongtheshorelinesandbanks Any proposalsfor further RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 17 ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC QUALITY BUILDING MATERIALS BUILDING 4. The dam was designed by John Rennie and is substantially John Rennie and is substantially The dam was designed by The coffin as designed at the beginning of the 19th century. which runsweir parallel to the dam wall is considered to be intended to control the rate that water an ingenious design, back the it holds bath tub, a giant Like the canal. down flows and releases it slowly water discharged out of the reservoir, Pump houses are also prominent into the canal as it overflows. from rusticated built ashlar. structures, Damhead and Associated Structures – Waterway Waterway – Associated Structures Damhead and Architecture The omission of any building in the description should not be taken to mean that it does not have in the description building to mean that it does not have should not be taken The omission of any map – Analysis are highlighted on the Spatial buildings All positive architectural or historic merit. Figure 4. Buildings and approximate dates of construction are illustrated on Figure 2, showing key phases of key showing dates of constructionBuildings and approximate are illustrated on Figure 2, post 1850 after the construction the construction pre 1800 before of the reservoir, development: the moratorium overcome had successfully and post 1900 after the railway of the railway on been generally classed as modern, have buildings After 1930 Park of the Cliffe estate. development of individual quality after 1930. that there are no buildings to imply although this should not be taken The three listed buildings located within the conservation located listed buildings The three quality not reflect the do area at Rudyard Victorian are listed and Edwardian buildings late of a largearea; within the of buildings number architecturalThe quality from this period distinctive of are unlisted. buildings sparingly and many construction pre-dating the a few of the interest covers smaller domestic buildings, both the the majority those working but for after 1850 built Leek or earning in a living from the reservoir, Architectural architect-designed private houses. individual, of larger, and a number tourist trade, interest is also diverse engineered structures encompassing the many in association with built and large walls and retaining dam and spillway of the reservoirthe development railway; and and the quirky individual structures canalised watercourses, built bridges and cuttings, embankments, are set within buildings All of these and slipways. pontoons chalets, boathouses, leisure purposes: for and lush setting where the architectural second a wooded play interest can sometimes seem to fiddle to the landscape. 18 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL some seemingly semi-ruinous ones,some seemingly semi-ruinous whichhave evolved over sometime. The househasallofthe buildings, tobeacastellated mansionwithitsextraneous the intentionofappearing and perhaps to theeast, thereservoir. overlooking They were designedby thesamearchitect(unknown) with aspect the lodgewere designedwithaprincipal to besimply ornamental. Boththehouseand on theoutercorners, whichseem turrets bartizan finials.as ornate Thehousehasunusual miniature inchimneysdisguised whichterminate pilasters the occasionalpointedorogeearchandnarrow mouldings, andslits, embrasures hoodmoulds, such asembattledparapets, quatrefoil pattern elevations, but embellishedwithGothickdetails, proportion, withsymmetrical planning andinternal Hall from1812). Essentially in theywere Georgian eminent architectssuchasthe Wyatts (cf. Bretby and 1825, Gothickarchitecturefound employing inbuildings designedby astyleoflateGeorgian 1820s.the early from 1818, whenaletterisrecordedfromJohn Haworth, probably andbuilding work continued into Esq.,Designed andbuilt for JohnHaworth anditsassociatedestatebuildings Cliffe were Park built Cliffe ParkHall&Lodge canbeglimpsedfromCamroseHill. LodgeandFairview whilst Horton Hallcanbeseenandappreciatedfromthepublic throughitsgrounds, footpathPark whichtracks hidden frompublic viewby trees, Edwardianvillas. but isreputedly oneofthebetterpreserved Cliffe Hall, Lodge, Fairview, Horton Winshaw KnollandRedwood. andentirely private Redwood isvery land auctions. detachedhouses,There arejustfive large villas: whichcouldbecalledtrue Cliffe Park afforded by few themany detachedvillas, givenThere arevery theopportunity whichissurprising Villas inform. old-fashioned andtraditional inthemid19thcentury. blocks oflocalpinkgritstone large Placedontheedgeofroad, theyare (1861 census)andLilacCottageRedfor example, were simplebuildings, built from suggesting thattherewasadefiniteconsciousnessaboutpicturesquequality seemquiteold were,first asmapregression shows, thesecondhalfof19thcentury, built during of thereservoir. There areafew exceptionsinoutlying parts, but ofthecottageswhichat several areawere built following theconstruction ofhousesandcottagesintheconservation The majority and Villas Houses Houses typical indesignofthedecadebetween 1815 its lodgewere built afterthisdateandarevery manor mapdated1816. Halland Cliffe Park onthe associatedwithCliffe Park infrastructure the changestolandscape, or fieldpatterns as Reacliffe Bank. There arenosignsofany of along thewest sideofRudyard Vale, thenknown owned boththehouseandwoods below it ,Horton but thenknown asReacliffe House. He onthe1816mapofManor illustrated building now known asReacliffe Farm, whichis owned andoccupiedthe In 1816Haworth . DumplingCottage RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 19 characteristic luxuries of a grand Georgian house, porte an attached with where from cochere, visitors from their carriage. alight would particularlyWhat is and special about interesting as part designed were is that they the buildings of structuresof a complete suite landscaped and the inspired by which was entirely parkland, by probably and construction of the reservoir, movement. ideals of the Picturesque The building is served by a picturesque gatelodge on Camrose Hill, a double-pile single-storey lodge a double-pile is servedThe building gatelodge on Camrose Hill, a picturesque by terminated battered chimney stacks and moulded coped gables with miniature ball with unusual with gated entrance There is an impressive alongside, all partially by a leylandii hedge. hidden finials, and a setted decorative wrought iron gates and ornatethe remains of very ashlar gateposts, good, a high quality entranceentrance leading into the site. drive, As a result of decades of changing use, the As a result of decades of changing use, a large by number has been enveloped building although at its core is the villa of of extensions, with symmetrical frontage overlooking the 1890, of pink gritstone with moulded horizontal reservoir, and ornate central pedimented stone bands, doorcase with reeded pilasters framed two- by Victorian It is a typical late windows. storey bay house of masculine form made more decorative bargeboards and finials and an with overhanging attached porte with castellated parapets. cochere, Horton Lodge until where he lived A large Stephen Chesters-Thompson in 1890 for villa built as his main residence, Chesters-Thompson Stephen was a member of the Chesters of Manchester, brewing family 1893. In 1894 Arthura prominent Conservative politician in Manchester and acted as agent for Balfour. of Sneyd Collieries. the owner Wolstanton, of Tellwright W.A.M. Horton Mr Lodge was bought by 1925 and 1948 it was the NorthBetween Convalescent Association Colliery Staffordshire Owners’ years being two before Association for Workers Educational the It was then used by Home. converted with special needs. children into a school for The building is served by a picturesque half-timbered gatelodge, of Arts quite of is served and CraftsThe building style, a picturesque half-timbered gatelodge, by on Camrose Hill. from the main house, different This rather large to the north mature grounds house stands in its own of Horton It is Lodge. in pink rock-faced Built a private was designed as a single dwelling. now independent hospital but roofs with steep-pitched and transomed with mullioned windows, it is a masculine building gritstone, bargeboards and substantial stone chimneys. tiles, clay blue Staffordshire Fairview (JohnPrivate Independent Hospital) Munroe wine and spirit a dealer, John Munro, in 1879-1880 by Lake overlooking Rudyard was built ‘Fairview’ speculatively-built small, to the name was given the Highlands; in the Scottish Tain originally from Cottage. Tain Munro to the north by cottage also owned of the house – 20 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL windows, Hallscroft, a ‘gingerbread’ housewithsteepgabled roofs, andlatticeleaded-light bargeboards doorcase, central ornate Nab Wood, detached housewithcantedgroundfloorbay windows amodestgritstone andan buildings farm ofattachedformer andporchaneclecticrange gabled dormer Foxholes (above Rudyard Vale, built in1856), rendered, stonehouse, withhalf-timbered part part houseswithinRudyard,There areanumber ofmodestbut well-preserved including: tea-room between 1873 and about 1890, as a forguest-house. some years after which time it served ‘Spite Hall’, someofwhicharenow inthegarden’s rockery. and used asa The cottagewasenlarged towards the of theexterior Villa were usedtodecorate spoiled hisview. pullingtheirtongues Grotesquegargoyles felled atreeontheneighbour’sthe magistrate landwhich Matthew Gaunt’s viewofthelake afteradisputebecause Rudyard Villa, reputedly withtheapparentaimofdestroying built by anunknown gentlemanonly afew yards from house wasknown asKeeper’s Cottage. The housewas west sideofRudyard Lake. When itwasbuilt c1865, the keeper’s dwelling, Lodgeonthe locatedneartoHorton cottage,The Hallisactually alarge adapted asagame of1865).Advertiser because it “spited” theviewsfromadjacentRudyard Villa (accordingtotheStaffordshire withapitchedroofandwasallegedly namedbySpite Hallisalsobuilt inpinkgritstone locals in 1860for MatthewGaunt, alocalmagistrate. Itisan known asRudyard The Villa(formerly Villa) wasbuilt Rudyard Vale. overlooking otherwise –theyarehighly picturesquehouses, withprominentsteeply-pitched roofsstanding Spite HallandRudyard Villa aresmallerthantheaverage villa, even thoughthenamessuggest Houses Smaller Victorian timber verandah, detailswithsympatheticadditions. withsplatbalustrade, well-preserved building traditions. floor asdoestile-hangingandafirst A number ofleaded-lightwindows survive directly influenced by theMovement,rather thanlocal renderedinroughcast,The building islargely whichis prominent withhalf-hipsandgables, somehalf-timbered. movement, andCrafts the Arts theredclay roofsare along thecanalfeeder, whichitoverlooks. Inspiredby best seefromRudyard Roadandthefootpath running local estateagentandvaluerJohnBrealey. This villais houseofca.auction resultedinthislarge 1894/95for is Drive Winshaw Knoll. Landboughtatthe1890land Located offLake Road, andalongacul-de-saccalled The Winshaw Knoll tailed Staffordshire blue clay tiles. bandsofplainandbeaver-alternating pitched roofof60degreeswith windows andastriking, steeply- dwelling, withchamfered mullioned late pinkgritstone attractive Victorian RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 21 , C18, C18, , Hawthorne and Harper’s Gate Cottage Harper’s and , a stone-built picturesque C19 a stone-built Bank House, asmine Cottage, Rose Cottage asmine Cottage, Rose a pink gritstone with former building (formerly known as Swiss Cottage) was built on the site of the former Wesleyan Wesleyan (formerly on the site of the former built as Swiss Cottage) was known , an early 19th century which and its formerWillgate House, farm, farmhouse, , stone-built picturesque C19 cottages with ashlar chimneys masonry picturesque C19 cottages with ashlar stone-built and gablets , The Water Bailiff’sWater in 1852 ) built House (Reservoir House The roofs, with steeply-pitched in pink gritstone, right), (pictured bargeboards. replacement scalloped stack and ashlar chimney this house is: Close to Cottage, Tree Yew farmhouse a substantial three-storey in local gritstone of Georgian House, Rudyard Willgate: proportion and picturesque cottages - dominated by Lane: Dunwood gable-end doorway onto Lake Road, also suggests a also suggests Road, Lake onto doorway gable-end perhaps contemporaryformeruse, non-domestic with the construction of the reservoir. pink gritstone a substantial house of the 1820s House, Rock stacks and later bay ashlar chimney gables, with stone-coped well-preserved. windows, Hall (pictured rightCamrose - formerly Holly as known as a semi-commercial Hugo Sleigh by built 1891, ca. Bank), which to incorporateventure three shops at road level, with modern replacement retain their large openings, arched is designed in a neo-Jabobean style The building windows. and a and transomed mullioned windows, with chamfered and a dormergabled ball finial, to the road frontage with a very tall ashlar shafts set prominent chimney stack with six It retains the original roof on the diagonal and castellated. The house is a tall three storeys and a tiles. of alternating bands of fishscale clay red and blue prominent landmark building. Cottage Primrose Tudor rose and partially filled in with a the originalMethodist chapel and has re-used lancet windows, the name Swiss Cottage carved the window. arched panel above into each incorporates earlier much 18th century farm buildings. Rock Cottage Rock and ashlar chimney stacks, cottage with half-timbered gablets is the original Water Water Hotel is the originalEncased within Rudyard It was extended from 1851 Bailiff’s house of c1810. and subsumed within later additions to become a large Although purpose-built a hotel / from 1851 as complex. the style of architecture is best described as that of inn, with largea mid 19th century bracketed rambling villa, stone bay two-storey and hipped slate roofs, eaves bargeboards and decorative eaves, overhanging windows, an eclectic mix of periods and details. The following buildings are also worthy buildings The following of note: Cottage one original pierced bargeboard to Rock Cottage bargeboards, The terrace of three – J extended in the early of traditional C19 to form a row cottages late C18 origin C19 additions and half-timbered gables with late Sunnybank, frontage of 1897 with decorative bay a three-phase house with prominent two-storey , Greenlands cross finials to the smaller extension bargeboards with foliate and matching gables deep overhanging pierced with ashlar chimneys, with pink gritstone, very view, from public well-hidden , Woodfields bargeboards and finials 22 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Vine Cottage cottagesalongLakeRoad Semi-detached circa1891,Lodge family concern) outbetween 1892and1897. andextensionswere carried ofHorton now paintedcream. (StephenChesters-Thompson Brewery Itwasboughtby Chesters thetimber-framethe StationHotelincorporated effect oftherailway stationbuilding initsgable end, to expandaccommodatevisitors. The laterdesignof andneeded extent thatRudyard increasedinpopularity by lateradditions.surrounded the These demonstrate thesecondhalfofC18andisnowrebuilt during building waslargely facing elevationoftheearlier datestone andasmallareaofmasonry; thewest- fromthat phaseexceptthe1610 but littlesurviving Poacher’s Tavern), C17origins,A building withearly Lakeland Lodge ofitssetting. part these lawnshotel overlook and the outward views and views from the canal feeder are an important areas for sittingout, now inuseascarparking. theupperterrace The roomsonthesouthsideof ofsweepingsouth ofRudyard lawns, Hotelwaslateradaptedasaseries providing withterraces landscaping. ofthe19thcentury feature in1816andwasretainedaspart striking The landtothe footpath leadingfromthecanalfeederThe original tothe housewasevidentasa Water Bailiff’s roof, stone segmentalarchand prominent doors. the mainentrance, whichisoff-set withaparapet buttresses, by corner framed whicharerepeatedon rubble with random ‘snecked’ masonry. The gable is space, themainworship which contrasts serving pinkgritstone, window indark decorated traceried building issimpleinform, fine, dominated by avery former Wesleyan ChapelonCamroseHill. The Built in1912, theMethodistChurchreplaced Rudyard MethodistChurch Churches andChapels eaves toprominentgable frontages, andbargeboards withsmall-panedcasementwindows. style, andCrafts of semi-detachedhousesinan mainly brick,Arts withroughcastrender, bracketed The Beeches& The Hollies, The Beeches &Elton: four housesbuilt after1890astwo pairs gables andcantedtwo-storey bay windows, movement andCrafts inspiredby the Arts & Wynforde (picturedbelow right): apairofroughcasthouseswithprominentjettied Glenwood Fern Cottage1and2: (ca. 1884), pinkgritstone, designedwithsmallgabled halfdormers floor lower half, half-timbered first stonedetailsandintricate carved 1884&Rose Cottage (formerly theStationHotel & (formerly 1881(picturedbelow): bothdesigned withpinkgritstone RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 23 (formerly The (now an (now Spite Hall Tearoom , to the west of Reacliffe Road are highly distinctive two-storey Swiss two-storey distinctive Road are highly of Reacliffe to the west The Brackens, – a horizontally-boarded timber building, timber building, – a horizontally-boarded Geelonga planning been given of old chalets have A number in approved dwelling a replacement c1907, Elmos Chalet, St. permission replacement structures: for a replacement Sandy Cove, in 2007; approved home a replacement holiday Hideaway, 2002 & 2004; reconstruction of chalet View, Lake a very home, substantial holiday in 2003; approved ‘dwelling’ replacement formerly as Stoney Bank, known chalet, a holiday House, Lakeside in 2004; approved Slipways, accommodation; is in use as but deck boathouse was approved in 2008 - a lower approved The chalet with integral2011; in a replacement holiday small garage-style boat-house was approved with an open verandah (now enclosed) which with an open verandah (now serving in 1906 as one of the buildings was built it was the original 9-hole golf course Park; at Cliffe to its current the lake location in floated down where closure of the golf club, the following 1926, the it was re-erected as a permanentfor dwelling present occupier. Close to this is the dating from c.1902 office), Hacienda) and feather-edge The black and verandahs. Arts with timber-frame in built Crafts and style, chalets, contrasts with the white scalloped and pierced tiled roofs at Foxgloves boarding and steeply-pitched are black and white The Brackens, At windows. and white-painted turned drop finials, bargeboards, spike timber boarding and half-timbered gables, black with feather-edged also used to great effect, and ground and first balcony white painted floor verandahs with scrolled and white- brackets finials, painted windows. Distinct from the NSR chalets are two charming purpose-built chalets; Foxgloves charming NSR chalets are two Distinct from the purpose-built chalets; The North Staffordshire Railway, with its new powers under the 1904 Act, established several established Act, with its new powers under the 1904 The North Railway, Staffordshire side of the lake. on the west refreshment chalets of these chalets and club Early of a number 19th century timber-boarding that the photos reveal was deliberately green) painted in alternate bowling stripes (a dark tennis club, (golf club, buildings contributing character to the jolly of the place. a jazzy style, in colour and white), The early 20th century as a tourist opportunitiesRudyard of provided destination development for During of temporarythe development first the centurythe twentieth decades of homes. holiday open verandahs. with largely built in timber, chalets were these holiday Chalets 24 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL double-gated wet mooring roofs, overhanging and large scalloped bargeboards gable-fronted boathouse, walls, withgritstone tiled • with slipway andwinchedaccess • water building,– amodern accesstothe withtrailered • mooring plain andfishscale blue clay tiles, single-gated wet bandsof pitched andhippedroofofalternating shingle-cladjettiedstructure, with mooring,; part a “picturesque” overhanging boathouse, withwet built circa1810, into but whichhasbeenenlarged Canalboathouse, & Mersey whichwasoriginally • West Shore-clockwisefromtheDamHead boathouses: true The following boathousesarethebestpreserved types.various the Yacht Club, Activity Centre, andRudyard Sailability, toaccommodateboatsof allpurpose-built The smalldomesticboathouseshave beensupplementedwithmore recentBoathousessuchas shoreline buildings. isaffecting ofleisureresorts, but themodestscaleofmany increasingaggrandisement ofthe charm andstyles. mixofmaterials areaneclecticandrandom Collectively,others theyhave thead-hoc the 1860s. withsteeply-pitched stone-built roofs, form oftraditional aregenerally The earliest whilst ofMacclesfield’s1885 auction, Earl boathouseof shorelinestandsthelandmark andontheeastern This eclecticmixofbuildings alongthewest shorelinecontainstwo boat-houseswhichpre-datethe Of mostofthelaterchalet/boathouses, boatshave orwinched upaslipway. tobetrailered accommodation. early The true incommon. wet boathouseshave mooring Victorian acharacteristic been addedover theyears, whilsttheunder-cover for hasoftenbeen sacrificed boatstorage ‘boathouse’ have structures andanumber ofextraneous hasbeensomewhatloosely interpreted to boathouses, homesfrombeingestablished. permanent andthisdiscouraged The definitionof Estatesalecovenants Cliffe Park Under theoriginal theuseofshorelinebuildings wasrestricted guisesandhave onoccasionorhavein various removed. beenenlarged hadtheirboatstorage off, boathouseswere anumber established ofprivate alongtheshoreline. These have ‘evolved’ From 1885, tobesold EstateofFanny shoreoftheCliffe whenthewestern Bostockstarted Park Boathouses holiday butA few chaletssurvive, some, early suchas Blakeley, andvulnerable. areprecarious dwelling achalet/boathousebefore 1948but approved areplacementpermanent formerly in2010. Sheiling, areplacementchaletwasapproved in2003; RedRoofs, black-and-white chalet, atraditional north ofRudyard Sailability–a Boathouse north boathouse,Rudyard Sailability–amodern Rowing ClubBoathouse(Activity Centre) Centre -theformer The Visitor Trent RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 25

’ – a charismatic – a timber long ’ with moored boat moored with Boathouse Cabane – a simple Boathouse to La Lodge boathouse Lower Horton The Old Boathouse (Challinor’s Bill Burdis boathouse of the Fortside, designed The Lady of the Lake, • • • • • ‘Shoestring superstructure and glazed boarded on tiled roof, with half-hipped gritstone flank walls, overhanging scalloped finials, clay roof with mooringbargeboards wet and double-gated with gritstone boathouse, gable-fronted roofs and modern tiled replacement walls, mooringbargeboards wet double-gated and Chesters-Thompson, Stephen 1891 by - built an ornatestructure of carved gritstone, incorporating a moulded coped gable-frontage tiled to the water and ornate chimney stack, on decorative timber jettied balcony roofs, The mooring. wet brackets and double-gated is set with ornatebalcony cast-iron baluster iron panels panels and there are matching cast Carved gates to the water. to the double with garlands and datestone to the gable, swags and central roundel with a stags head. Boathouse) – formerly the Rudyard A pair of saddle-backed Sailing Club. Lake and stages, in two corrugatedlightweight roofs, timber boarded superstructure sit on a series the The concrete jetties for of gritstone piers. original still remain as a reminder of slipway no longer any there is but the original purpose, is a charmingThis and eclectic boat storage. memoriesstructure many which evokes 1930s – gritstone flank walls and boat storage The with raised support slipway a timber deck. superstructure is a timber-frame main building chalet on a gritstone plinth William Larner the Leek architect c1905 by Sugden – this is the greatest landmark on made most dramatic its by Lake, Rudyard location detached from the shore and the asymmetry and it of the southern elevation, with rock- is the most decorative boathouse, tiled roof with hipped faced gritstone walls, decorative bands of plain and fishscale tiles, and red tile-hanging to and bands of blue oriel with leaded- window the upper flanks, lights and ornamental moulded brick chimney • 26 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL The JubileeStone recess. Openfrontagewet mooring, withgatesmissing. areaiscontainedwithinasemi-circulararched floor storage flankwallsandtiledroofaresimplethefirst gritstone inrecent years. form and distinctive steppedparapet The fronted elevationtothewaterwasrestoreditsoriginal The EarlofMacclesfield’s Boathouse–thegable- East Shore been replacedover time, but itstillmakes apositive tothewaterfront contribution The building may have features which have hadmoreoriginal south. The slipway isintactwithdirectaccesstothewater. window tothe boathouse withhippedtiledroofandoriel • flankwall southern gable-frontage tobethe tothelake. appears Boatstorage boards andlatercladding, and bargeboards decorative withfeather-edged green-paintedtimberstructure preserved boathouse, well- 20thcentury boathouse) –anearly • slipway. withboataccessfromadisused structure frontage facingthelake, supporting tiledroofandgritstone dating from2011. Itisasimpletimber-clad andgable- bargeboards withpierceddecorative structure for residentialuse has beeninresidentialusesince1996andaLawful Development Certificate • buildings arelisted, interest. thananycentury lackofarchitectural rather Despite itshighquality, itwasnotlistedinarecentsurvey, whichreflectsthefact that few 20th brackets, scallopedandpiercedbargeboards, double-gated irongatesandwet decorative mooring. andjettiedbalcony facingthelake, and window timberbalustrade withdecorative tothenorth stack tothesouth, withastatuenichefor ashipsfigurehead(replacedwithstonefigure), dormer built in the 1950s – an unusual gritstone Sandhurst built inthe1950s–anunusual gritstone ofBoathouseCottage( Boathouse north Boathouse Cottage to commemorate thecrowning ofone moremonarch. to commemorate panel,The rearelevationhasalimestonecarved withjustenoughspace Day. ofCamroseHillandLake Road.The stonestandsatthecorner Wars. Itisusedby theRoyal Legiontocommemorate British Armistice the crowing ofsubsequentmonarchs, theBoer War andthetwo World withtheJubileeofQueen starting in1897,Victoria andcontinuing with over nationalevents,reinvigorated tocommemorate many years standingonastepped-plinth, gritstone of quarried whichhasbeen JubileeStone, splitblockDistinct frombuildings isthelandmark alarge (TheBracken’s boathouse, c1905)-althoughbuilt asaboathouse, this Foxgloves RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 27 Roof materials Roof tiles require Plain clay this is not exclusive. but tiles, the use of plain clay The area is dominated by steeply-pitched of 35 degrees and in generalroof pitches of a minimum the traditional have buildings were Whilst the older buildings characteristic. which is a distinctive roofs of 35 to 50 degrees, during the later years of the 19th century tiles, clay blue Staffordshire with blue generally roofed Decoration there are several of grotesque gargoyles, instances buildings; There is a sense of fun about many A largenumber of figures and heads carved into the masonry and hidden in discrete places. a mark carved of pride in the architectural have buildings datestones, contribution made to a place. plainer replaced with much many pierced or scalloped, Picturesque bargeboards survive in places, versions. Timber material although it was the dominant building for decorative purpose, for Timber is used mainly as The use of timber-frame fringes along the wooded reservoir. of the chalets and leisure buildings It can be seen on as half-timbering. often known within Rudyard, was extensive a decorative effect Timber of instances. in a number over has been lost or boarded but buildings, of key the gable-end with pierced decorative exposed rafter or scalloped edges and are common feet bargeboards, details. – A handful of buildings were constructed were A handful of buildings in brickduring Brick – the early 20th century including deep mass produced, These tend to be predominantly The Hollies. The Beeches and Albury House, texture and appearance. orange-red bricks uniform in colour, Gritstone outcrops in the locality and a good Whorrocks Bank, was quarrieddimension stone at although the quarries are no longer working. Masonry – stone Masonry material building The dominant is a dark pink gritstone almost universally and this was adopted domestic many courses lower for of masonry, which and chimney stacks, and boathouses, buildings stacks are built many distinctive; and highly is unusual with a carved stone oversailing cornice and in ashlar, contributing the quality to flues, cluster of engaged of the skyline. Architectural Details and Building Materials and Building Details Architectural 28 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL bays. panelfencing orparking modern walling,Elsewhere, aredominatedby drystone vernacular onoccasiondisplacedby theboundaries walls,Camrose Hillhave dressedstoneboundary withdressedstonecopings. evenly-coursed along properties A number ofthemoreformal Boundary Walls and Crafts’ buildings. cladding canalsobefound onanumber ofthe ‘Arts are preserved. tile-hangingasameansof Vertical andsubtledifferences indetail that thisvariety bands ofcolouredredandblue tiles; itisimportant combination withblue tilestoprovide contrasting were introducedandthesewere oftenusedin machine-maderedclay tiles and the20thcentury iron gates,averyexpensiveaddition Below -formalcarvedashlargatepiersattheentrancegatewaytoHortonLodge,withbespokewrought- Right -remnants oftheearly wrought-iron spikerailngsandcastiron postsfoundaround thedamhead. Drystone boundarywallinlocalpinkgritstone,withgateposts(‘stoops’) andpyramdialcaps. RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 29 Within the former Cliffe Park estate, despite a change in ownership, the underlying form, character the underlying form, despite a change in ownership, ParkWithin the former Cliffe estate, and structure of the 1820s planting and structures and later 19th century designed parkland is including with mature trees edging the carriage and clumps of trees, remarkably well-preserved, drive, fields. in the outlying established were which one of two plantation, a large cross-shaped shelter-belt To the south of Cliffe Park Hall the boundary includes Reacliffe Wood, which was deliberately Wood, Park the south of Cliffe Hall the boundary includes Reacliffe To shrubsornamented to enhance the setting of the house planting and glaucous-leaved with mixed which The conservation Farm, the open glades close to Reacliffe area excludes and wider views. with chalets as part developed were early of a low-key 20th century of the interest in expansion altered from been considerably Chalets have the North homes by holiday Railway. Staffordshire structures of the earlythe largely timber-framed century 20th and the character of the area has temporary to structures and lightweight charm, which had their own changed from one of quirky, exemplaryWhist there are one or two chalet conversions one with a more permanent character. the majority which is out-of-place in this structures of replacement / reconstructions, are of brick, the character altered and there is no of these spaces has been irrevocably For this reason, context. longer special architectural interest. To the south-west of the hall, the boundary and deliberately ornamented the wooded follows of the hall, the south-west To includes the site of the a similar contour line and and walls which follow backdrop to the buildings It excludes the farmedwere part fields which former of the wider estate and the extended stables. 18-hole golf course. To the north of the hall, the boundary the north of the conservation hall, of the the staggered historic area follows To the which define the extent of ornamented trees of oak, with mature hedgerow field boundaries, parkland. Western Boundary - from the northern edge of Rudyard Lake edge of Rudyard the northern Boundary - from Western The north-western boundary the historic parkland follows Park setting of Cliffe Hall which pre-dates The boundarythe early reflects the area which was ornamented 20th century as part golf course. of the 19th century as this is its principal special interest, of the house and its parkland, development rather than the boundary wider. which was much of the farmed estate, Exclusions is of canal and the networkDane feeder Whilst both the associated land drains, of sluices and it has not been included within the conservationconsiderable historic and architectural area interest, It is of interest ‘cut-off’ or point at which it changes character. because there is no naturalsimply alignment of the former the Churnet Likewise, Dane. as far as the River whole of its length, the for the Staffordshire by Road bridge the Reacliffe and is followed beyond (NSR) continues Railway Valley which Conservation character, Area is related to an area of specific special The Rudyard Way. Road presents a well-defined Reacliffe of the valley. envelope to be the visual here has been taken boundary. physical Northern Boundary Northern The boundary western the edge of the carriage follows drive as it contours around the perimeter includes the raised It northernsection of the retaining wall at the of the reservoir. perimeter of the reservoir the carriage and the small and loops around to include which this wall supports, drive, bridge culvert and the first which provided from the streams to the reservoir, supply phase water later raised of 1810 and the slightly canal feeder the later Dane bridgeit then includes the over the North bridgeembankment and of 1849 over Railway. Staffordshire 5. BOUNDARY 30 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL areaboundary.extent oftheconservation views acrosstheopen, landscape, pastoral containedby therailway embankment, whichdefinesthe supply thecanalnetwork. areasisextensive, Public accessaroundthesetranquil withpanoramic by thecanalcompanydominated by whichwere to thecanalfeeder constructed andlanddrains andman-madestructures, watercourses Marsh; ofdiverted thewetland landscapecontainsaseries setting, Millanditswatery aswell asHeron aroundHarracles developed parts Lane andtheearly thewatermeadows tothesouthofRudyard RoadandDunwood incorporates The boundary Southern Boundary Rudyard. backdroptothesettledareasandwiderviewsof of mixed woodland animportant whichforms buildings andallareas ofthehillsideandhistoric thesettledparts east oftheroadbut incorporating areafollows CamroseHill, landtothe The conservation excludingareasofpaddockandagricultural Western Boundary includes Hunthouse Wood and Back Wood. which areidentifiable asmixed planting, probably datingfromtheestablishment ofthereservoir. This quarries, embankmentsandrevetments alongitslengthandtakes inareasofplantedwoodland, thesmall Staffordshire Railway andincorporates lineoftheNorth hugstheeastern The boundary Eastern boundary landowners. embellishedby either the character Trent CanalCompany, andMersey orthe19thcentury belt ofwoodland isintact. ofthemixed woodlandAreas have beenexcludedwhichwere notpart woodlandReacliffe tothesouth. Roadwhereitlinksupwiththeornamented Muchofthissouthern areaiscontainedtothesteep, oftheconservation mixed woodland andcrosses The boundary quantitiesoflushplanting,with large mixed woodland withrhododendronandpines. incorporating woodland ofReecliffe andtheearlier The widerestatewasornamented Wood wasembellished trees canbeidentified. mapandindividualspecimen directly backtothe1879OrdnanceSurvey canbetraced This form RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 31 SPATIAL ANALYSIS SPATIAL The old road network along Dunwood Lane contains a series of intimate, framedThe old road network and short-range contains a series Lane along Dunwood of intimate, to the south The land falls away interrupted along the edge of the road. occasional buildings by views, a panoramic the cottages and small villas clustered and tiered above, and this provides view for The dramatic views of this landscape are at the most panoramic from backdrop. within a wooded Dramatic outward southerly views network. footpath former line and public railway the canal feeder, Lane look across to Harraclesfrom Dunwood Mill and Harracles the conservation Hall (beyond area). The geology and structure of the steep-sided valley creates a visual envelope, which contains many which contains many The geology and structure of the steep-sided valley creates a visual envelope, tree with the dense combining both groups and isolated buildings of the most dramatic views, there are other important but These are at their most acute from the damhead views from canopy. of open glades. itself and a number the lake Key Views and Landmarks Key – positive buildings are those that are of special architectural or historic interest, are those that are of special architectural buildings or historic Buildings – positive interest, Positive a strong contributioneither as individual structuresmake and to the or as part group, of a collective the resist proposals for The local authority to strongly is likely character of the conservation area. Buildings. Positive demolition of any Landmarks – landmarks are structures stand out from the or design size that because of either crowd. - these views are limited to the best defining and most memorable limited to the best defining and - these views are Panoramic Views views within in the middle sometimes linking subjects They are generally often panoramas, broad and Rudyard. distance and far horizon. Guide to Map the following: Map is annotated with Analysis The Spatial The description of each area should be read in conjunction with the Spatial Analysis Map - Figure 4. - Figure 4. Map Analysis The description the Spatial in conjunction with should be read of each area 6. 32 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL pitched, gable-fronted structures. oftheolderstructures, thewet thesteep- moorings wherethewaterlapsunderneath particularly From thelake, theviewsofboathousesaresomemostpicturesqueanddramatic, Below -southerlyoutward viewfrom Dunwood Laneacross thewatermeadowstoHarraclesMill Above -panoramicviewof Whorrocks BankandDunwoodLanefrom thecanalfeeder. RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 33 (1) Cliffe Park Estate and Reacliffe Road (1) Cliffe Park Estate and Reacliffe and the route of This area includes a largeWoods part Park of the former Cliffe Estate and Reecliffe the private carriage Road. as Reacliffe drive known For the purpose of describing the area in this appraisal, Rudyard ConservationArea has been split Rudyard For the purpose of describing the area in this appraisal, Areas; Characterinto seven Description Of Sub-Areas The open pastoral landscape to the south of Lane is an important Road and Dunwood Rudyard open area of particular historic the interest for that the watercoursesway manipulated over were several hundred years to serve industries - the corn mill and the canal network. The land to the immediate south of Rudyard Hotel, Hotel, of Rudyard The land to the immediate south which was part is of the former terraced garden, part of the setting which the hotel was designed to overlook and is important views from as it defines below. alongside the feeder the footpath The dam head is an important node of to a bustling which can change and tranquil open space, during events the year. activity at key There are few formal, designed, open spaces, apart former the golf coursefrom the reservoir open spaces, at itself, designed, formal, There are few Park and parklandCliffe and the lawns Park beneath Cliffe Hall. Open Spaces At Cliffe Park the “picturesque” landscape was deliberatelylandscape manufactured create to manipulated “picturesque” ParkAt Cliffe the entrance Gothic arched the other and yard the hall to gate lodge, the the Hall, that to ensure views, landmarks prominent were within the look north-east all of which structures, the reservoir, over wider parkland landscape. 34 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL shelter andvisual interest. and asabackdroptothe buildings,were plantedasbelts closetothereservoir deliberately tocreate that atReacliffe Wood whichcontainsa ‘blanket’ Tree Order(LR002), Preservation whilstotherareas introductions. enhancedareasofnative woodland, Someofthesetreebeltsincorporate suchas thelandscape.and enrich These have matured; thetreesclosesttoshoreline aremorerecent inthe foliage.buried landscapeareanumber oftree beltsdesignedtosoften Around thisparkland Wood Cottage-1861). gateway, fromtheformal Only onecast-irongatepostsurvives partially just in frontofthegatelodge,entrance known as Cliffe Cottage (Cliffe Wood Cottage – 1879, Reacliff closetothesiteofpresentSailingClub,formalised withapairofcast-irongatepostsandgated also reflectsthedominantpresenceoflake. loopsaroundthelake, drive Acarriage and was thereservoir,Both theHallanditsgatelodgeoverlook Rudyard Lake, andthelayout ofthepark without significantlosses(seeIssues-trees). acres soldin1885. However, landscapehasnot beensubdividedandhasmatured themainparkland 135acresidentifiedinthepreviousrecordand 784 a substantialreductionfromtheoriginal oftheestate. and subsequent owners Haworth estate was sold in 1928with38acres,The Cliffe Park tothewest ina linear form ofRudyard Lake andwhichwasembellishedby John which runs EstateandReacliffe landscapeoftheCliffe Park This areaisdominatedby theparkland Woods, Character Area 1-CliffeParkEstateandReacliffe Road taken toimply thatitisofnointerest. building,The omissionofany particular feature, shouldnotbe vieworspacewithinthisappraisal onFigure4, buildings areillustrated theSpatial and important Analysis map. The different Character Areas areshown onFigure5andtheanalysis ofthemainviews, landmarks views ofRudyard. fromwheretherearegood ontheeast bankaboveWillgate isasmallhamletoffarms thereservoir (7) Willgate the treecanopy, andDunwood Lane. of This includesthedeveloped Bank, part Whorrocks hiddenfromthemainviewsby whichislargely (6) Whorrocks Bankand DunwoodLane which were established by theCanal Company. and thecanalfeeder anddrains whereitleaves ofwatercourses theLake andthecomplexnetwork Mill millpondtoHarracles This areaincludesboththerouteofmillleatsandsiteformer (5) Southern Area andlow-lyingwatercourses This areaincludesLake Roadandthecul-de-sacknown as The Drive (4) LakeRoad Vale. landscapeatRudyardLake, settingandthemoreopenareasofgently contouring theiragricultural Rudyard villasatsomeofthehighestpointsoverlooking oftheprivate This areaincludesthelargest Rudyard Vale and (3) Villas outacutting. whichcarve and itsbackdropofwoods andsmallquarries oftheChurnet part includes alarge Valley Railway, edgeofthereservoir theeastern whichtracks appreciated fromthewater, aswell asthepocket ofpublic open spaceattheDamhead. Italso This areaincludesthebuildings, chaletsandboathousesfacingRudyard Lake, whicharebest (2) The DamheadandLake RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 35 To the north the the reservoir of carriage the To drive Park Cliffe to the forms Estate linear a dominant walls, revetment battered stone with structure, the driveboth retaining and forming of the edge The carriage the route drive is now the reservoir. 31 Horton) no. (footpath Way of the Staffordshire in places and enclosed in others; and is wide open of mature deciduous trees single-sided lines shade along easternprovide sections of the route. parklandApproaching the Rushton from the a former a long line of mature oak and direction, shaped shelter-belt plantation (now unfenced) which contains unfenced) plantation (now shaped shelter-belt all part 30 alder and 2 large Scots pine, over of the early 19th century although the deciduous trees ornamented landscape, The original drive to Cliffe be second or third generation. may which Park Hall diverts plantation, through an area of wooded through a long avenue characteristics: of distinctive has a number of 19 limes (plus 1 toppled) the centre with a single-sided row a pre-date the later trees, which may chestnut, and a sweet periphery clusters at of hawthorn and holly of majestic oaks, and specimen beech the edges discouraging stock from grazing, furtherThere are two single-sided such as larch. and conifers, of deciduous trees lining the carriagerows drive closer to and beech, of sycamore, row one a mixed on either side of the hall, The immediate lime. and the other predominantly lime and oak, garden setting of the house has large specimen sycamores below because it does not ‘ha-ha’ defined the retaining wall – a loosely Close to the waterfront there are a series of large beech trees, originally planted in an avenue, which originally planted in an avenue, Close to the waterfront there are a series of large beech trees, Approaching the hall from the north, the Approaching the hall from the north, splits to and carriage unfenced, drive curves, the in of prominent features are a number There serve both Barns Lee Farm Park and Cliffe Hall. Golf Course Lake Rudyard from the 10th green of the horseshoe- is a distinctive a bunker landscape; shaped earthwork in the parkland a cross- to the north to the south of the drive, of the drive and, larch and Scots pine, planting of old oaks and later with mixed Woods, The lush planting of Reecliffe both and Brackens, Swiss chalets of Foxgloves the timber-framed setting for “gingerbread” creates the houses. distinctive of which are highly old hedgerow line the eastern side of the drive and an ancient woodland indicator, dogs mercury, dogs mercury, line the easternold hedgerow indicator, side of the drive and an ancient woodland and alder carr, been encouraged with willow to develop The margins have of the lake is prevalent. created a richas alluvial silt has part – this flora environment wetland and reservoir of the a is now access reserve,dedicated nature no public with the carriagebut best views of the drive provides The carriage drive contains deliberately this area. and there planted groups of three beech trees are specimen purple beech on the periphery of both indicating ornamented carr, the wooded 19th century planting designed to add visual interest throughout the year. very originally now clipped but probably and several large Irish trees, fastigiate yew a ditch, have There is a large specimen Cedar of Lebanon with an understorey of rhododendron. overgrown, which is in very (see Issues). poor condition 36 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL the otherdirection, aclear viewofHotelRudyard, viewsofthelake and,point for panoramic lookingin alongthedamprovidesThe broadplatform avantage Brook. Dunsmore alongthelineoforiginal watercourses of themthroughaseries wateranddivert surplus which isthemaincanalfeeder. Othersluicestake off stone trough, the ‘coffin weir’, channel, into anarrow by aculvert. Herethewaterspillsover fromawide below thepumphouses, directly oneofwhichisserved the mainexceptionsaresectionsofcanalfeeder hiddenbythey areinterestingbut largely self-settrees; in Area 5; further water downstream aredescribed andsluiceswhichdivert The complexwatercourses ashlarpumphousesalongthedamwall.of rusticated by thepair later routeofthecanalfeeder isserved intimesofflood,now operates generally andthe source for thecanal network. structure This striking spillway endwasthe original the original attheeastern withswept curve, revetmentsgenerous gradual and The Damheadisastronglinearfeature a forming both thewaterbodyandlandscapeopensout. and arctothenorth-north-west continues inagradual before thereservoir and steepestmargins Damhead, of the water body long views up the Lake take inonly the dramatic the narrowest portion canbeseen, ofitsspecialinterest,reservoir andthisispart asitinvites exploration. Fromthe for suchalonglengththatthereisnosinglepointatwhichthewholeof Rudyard Lake runs Character Area 2- The Damheadand Lake matureoak. very chestnut, beech, purple andstandsoflarchScotspinemixed withnative birch, rowan andsome ofrhododendronwithanumber ofspecimentrees, sweet aprominentunderstory incorporate between thewoodland andthehouses. alongtheboundary A public footpath runs The trees Lodge. andHorton tobothFairview adensecanopy greatprivacy andforms offering contours The samehighqualitywoodland continues tothesouthofReacliffe Road, alongthesteep-sided and keep stockaway. have beeninitially toprotectthewaterquality ofthelakewoodland may alongthemargins additions,century theintentionofplanting of Scotspineandlarcharedistinctive 19th Whilst rhododendronandthemixed planting is thatthesewoods were longestablished. reservoir. However, evidence thedocumentary established ofthe following theconstruction were bankofthereservoir along thewestern thoughtthattheplantations It isgenerally was designedtoaddinterestandseasonalcolour. copper beechinthegroundsofBoathouseCottageisanotherexamplespecimenplantingwhich ofReacliffe Roadandmay havefollow theboundary alsobeenaddedtoprovide shade. A large RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 37 The most attractive boathouses are those which moorings, wet with to the Lake, relate directly large facing the lake decorative gable-frontages accommodation is contained and where any the two Of these, the roof / attic. within mainly which largest and most prominent boathouses, are major landmarks the along the journey over and HortonThe Lady of the Lake Lodge are water, such boathouses, Other more unusual Boathouse. Along the perimeter of the lake, a number of boathouses sit on the banks; the older ones have wet wet the older ones have of boathouses sit on the banks; a number Along the perimeter of the lake, where trees crowd moorings setting, or are jettied out into the water; they all sit within a wooded chance as by discovered placed and of these are serendipitously Many to meet the foreshore. down part which enhances the experience. excursion, of a lake which is framed by the trees and open meadows. Along this open space is the remains of a privetAlong this open space which is framed the trees and open meadows. by separating the wide public which was originally planted along the whole of the Damhead, hedge, from a grassywalkway open area (formerly the topiary containing structures); once more was one of these survives only ornate with a pair of arched clipped openings in the hedge framing views; looks a little lost in isolation. and it now 38 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL avenue oflimetreeswithoccasional distantviewsacrossthefieldsasfar TheMorridge. landscaped gardensofFairview. lanedescendsthehilltoRudyardA narrow Vale by an andisframed by 1879, wasstillmoorland edgedby ofFairview woods totheeastandmature the north detachedcottage,the roadisanattractive alsowithhalf-timbering, called Wits End. The landto by spikygables, Lodgeischaracterised chimneystacksandfinials. along that toHorton Further inspiredbuilding, andCrafts gatelodge; isan withhalf-timberedgables,Arts thattoFairview whilst Lodge andFairview, whichsitinextensive grounds, eachemphasisedattheroadby awell-preserved To theeastofCamroseHill, wherethegroundbeginstoplateau, housesofHorton arethelarge Character Area 3– Villas andRudyard Vale deciduous treecanopy. andrecreationalroute, whichfromadistanceacrossthewaterisvisiblethe reservoir asalinear only occasional glimpses. side of for theeastern avaluableThe railway forms wildlife corridor of therailway andviewsacrossthelake have beeneroded, thereare sothatfromthetrack-bed couldseeacrossthewholeoflake.passengers Over time, treeshave colonisedthelength fromwhere embanked sectionscreatedaviewingplatform the creationofacuttingandraised and railway established the wascreatedinconjunction with somesmallscalequarrying When first erectedin1849. are two railway bridges but there survives shed andrailway paraphernalia building norassociatedsignalboxes, stonegoods Reacliffeover Road. whichruns Neitherstation located totheimmediatesouthofroadbridge May in1926)andwas 1905(re-namedCliffe Park Lake, amorelow-key cluster, whichopenedon1st July 1850, andoneatthetopoflake, Rudyard known asRudyard Station, whichopenedon22nd by two stations,was served oneatRudyard Road, it hadatwo-line bedand (upanddown) track adeepandwidecutting; railway forms The former located closetothewater’s edgebut thesearemainly visible fromthewater. are ofholiday homesorboatandfishingparaphernalia occasional tonguesoflandwhereclusters Staffordshire Railway; north, wherethelandchanges toamoreopencharacter, further thereare sideofRudyard Lake isdominatedbyThe eastern theembankmentandcuttingofNorth Lake. as theSailingClub),The OldBoathouse(formerly arealsoreference alongthe pointsfor thejourney RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 39

13 S.R.O., D. 3359/Gaunt, Sugden’s elevations for house at Rudyard, 1859 house at Rudyard, for elevations Sugden’s 3359/Gaunt, D. S.R.O., 13 The sheltered position may have influenced the early have may The sheltered position construction these slopes illustrated of cottages along although on the 1816 Horton Manor map, known Gothic style houses there is little surviving the lane are the two Close to evidence. physical originallyVilla was named The Vale. the over each with a vantage point Hall, Villa and Spite The as it Leek solicitor, a wealthy Matthew Gaunt, for built its name to the little valley; and gave Vale Rudyard Sugden. William was designed by Below these houses lies Rudyard Vale, which was which was Vale, Rudyard lies houses these Below facing a south-east on literallyquite rural once a idyll, west of the area of fields to the main open and slope, surrounded time become over slowly it has the lake; homes, with ad-hoc mobile and cluttered trees by permanent some now and static chalets, caravans structures of The muddle of well- and lack dwellings. led to some tensions defined space appears to have chalets and lodge the Hoseasons holiday between Park. Caravan Vale Rudyard Scattered and piecemeal development of mainly suburban form suburban characterises of mainly Scattered and piecemeal development the majority of Lake Only with properties or small villas. semi-detached dwellings generallyRoad, small in scale, being the exception of Hotel Rudyard, With breaks the mould. in its generous grounds, Hotel Rudyard, verythere is now little sense of the tourist industry which was once characterised by along the lane, tea rooms and cafes. tourist accommodation, The corner of the acute-angled junction of Lake Road and Camrose Hill is marked by two landmarks: The cornerlandmarks: markedis Hill Camrose and Road two junction of Lake acute-angled of the by of quarried a prominent block gritstonethe Jubilee Stone, fashioned into a commemorative they form a natural leading gateway and a tall spruce on the opposite side of the road; monument, it was one of the earliest settled areas to be the contours, As this lane follows Road. into Lake Road): Lake (the previous name for “Red Street” and the 1841 census names several houses along Bank House. and Gate, Keeper’s Cottage, Reservoir Heaton’s House, Character Area 4 - Lake Road Area Character There are still a few pockets of open space on the lower slopes, fragments larger of much pastoral slopes, of open space on the lower pockets There are still a few Vale are some within the Scattered opportunities which provide views. for unfettered fields, with a remnant of the timber boarded buildings such as Geelonga, interesting historic buildings, and the former tearoom at Spite the North verandahs erected by wooden Railway, Staffordshire an intimate skirts footpath A public glimpses of small paddocks, site and provides caravan the Hall. rural environment. 40 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL The low-lying open, landscape isalargely one, and greenpastoral tranquil delineatedby native embellished heretocreate alushsetting. within the native woodland,and conifer interspersed indicatingalandscapewhich wasdeliberately thisareashapetheviewsoutwards.surrounding viewstotheeast.railway lineframing Fromtherailway embankment, therollinghillsandswales landscape, embankmenttothe withthelarge ofthewatery are containedwithinthelow-lying parts treesandshrubs.naturalised channelsandcanalisedcanalfeeder ofcomplexdrainage The series thathave areaisdominatedby engineeredstructures beensoftenedoverThe southern timeby Character Area 5-Southern Area andlow-lyingwatercourses dwellings setinspaciousgrounds. from themainviews. Within thisshelteredcul-de-sacareoccasionalindividual, architect-designed The Driveisanunadoptedroad, withpaleyellow gulleys, brick wheredevelopment hidden islargely boats andthemoving wateronthereservoir. ofpublic footpathslane andalongthenetwork thereareoccasionaltantalisingglimpsesofmoored sectionofthe ofpinchpoints;huddled ontheedgeofroadcreatingaseries fromthisnorthern andafew cottagesare Beyond HotelRudyard asitapproachesthereservoir thelanenarrows totheepithet contributed “Little Switzerland. ” picturesquewhenseenfromafar, from and thisisparticularly Willgate, particularly andmay have little intervisibility. ofLake Road The wooded totheself-containedcharacter settingcontributes A longsliver ofland, setwithglaucous-leaved shrubs, Lake RoadfromCamroseHill, separates with such asthedetachedPineCottage(1892), SylvianHouse(1893), and House(1896). Albury development followingprocess ofhistoric landauctions. Smallhouseplotswere alsodeveloped landtothewest; ontherising gardens, of development reflectthepiecemeal theclusters particularly the settlement. The development spacious, isgenerally enhancedby mature withmany properties exceptions suchas The Clock Tower, of isunimaginative tothecharacter andmakes nocontribution quality.Methodist Churchisofparticular development ingeneral, Late20thcentury withafew 20thcentury.early A longstretchofsemi-detachedhousesleadingupto, andjustbeyond, the stylestypifyingthelate19thand aneclecticcollectionofarchitectural but altogetherforming outalongthelane, ofbuildings aregroupedtogetherstrung withlittleunifiedcharacter Clusters an occasional purple beech an occasionalpurple banks above thereservoir, with ofthe woodland character they aretypicalofthemixed descending thehilltoroad; backdrop oftreesandgardens by aheavily-wooded green Bank,Whorrocks dominated the prominentoutcropof along lane andterraced alongthe of housestrailing picturesque, withclusters Dunwood Lanearehighly embankment, theviewsof footpaths andthe railway Lane fromthecanalfeeder, Looking towards Dunwood RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 41 The long climb from the Jubilee Stone at the bottom of Camrose Hill to Reacliffe Road follows the Road follows Hill to Reacliffe The long climb from the Jubilee Stone at the bottom of Camrose which through old woodland Whorrocks Bank (re-named Camrose Hill), old road originally called and Bank House. Redwood the larger seclusion for houses, providing lines both sides of the road, The historic settlement of Harper’s Gate contains a core of buildings located at the junction of The historic Gate contains a core of buildings Harper’s settlement of designed houses, public Focal points are the two Lane. Camrose Hill and Dunwood Road, Rudyard the ornate pedimented doorcase to the former Lodge) Station Hotel (Lakeland to catch travellers: which of houses at the bottom of Camrose Hill, one of a row and Rock House (formerly an inn), of different of buildings along with Ivy Cottage and Camrose Hall form a picturesque assemblage heights and details. Character Area 6 - Whorrocks Bank and Dunwood Lane Whorrocks 6 - Area Character The track-bed of the former Churnet Valley Valley The track-bed former of the Churnet south from the station continues Railway car park vista with occasional glimpsed views across the undulating in a tunnel-like as a greenway further Leek and Harracleslandscape towards hill; along the track of the nearby on the brow Hall bridgebed is an accommodation railway engineering with blue brick and riveted iron abutments The southern conservation limit of the boundary area terminates at the point where this deck. which dischargesformer into the Dunsmore Brook. feeder, bridge from the canal meets the outflow Bridge No. 48 crosses Rudyard Road in a crosses Rudyard 48 Bridge No. form with which is typical of the railway pink gritstone and is a prominent, abutments natural into the conservation gateway area. a long track leads from the bridge, Beyond Road up an incline to the site of Rudyard the present car park and former station where there are a cluster of buildings, paraphernalia the miniature associated with railway. Approaching the settlement, the canal settlement, Approaching the to a section of raised changes feeder then a blue-bricktimber troughs and lined blue engineering brick channels are Round-arched, channel incorporating sluices to control outflow. whilst the This western branch is well-maintained, canal feeder of the culverted Road. under Rudyard degrade and to become naturalised to slowly eastern where it merges limb has been allowed within and farmland embankment the railway From the canal the pasture between north Road. of Rudyard setting and this section of footpath and its lawned there are glimpsed views of Hotel Rudyard feeder and rhododendron in with holly is more enclosed as it contains more lush planting, along the feeder greater privacy. providing the gardens to the west, hedgerows and the footpaths on the on the footpaths and hedgerows It contains of the meadows. edges outer grazing and summer water meadows and Marshthe Heron area with – a low-lying line by the all contained railway fish pools, Along the footpath canal feeder. and the are the canal feeder, which follows network, trailing most self-set, oak and birch, alder, along the margins. 42 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL links tothereservoir. Public footpaths leadingfromtheDamheadlinksitewithvillage. views over Rudyard Village andtheclustersitsonshelteredside ofthevalleywhereitclearly Green House andRudyard House(formerly Tree Farm). Fromthe hamlettherearefar-reaching in recentdecades. complexes of farm historic The coreofthehamletis two well-preserved Willgate Willgate isasmallhamletoffarms, whichhave dwellings beenbroken upintoanumber ofseparate Character Area 7- Willgate andwhichfed alongandwideembanked leat. boundary alignment follows damwallofthemillpond, the former area whichwasjustbeyond theconservation network, whichismaintainedasabridleway, area. definestheedgeofconservation The anglebendsinthe1960s.remove ofright theseries road alignmentofthecurving The original bargeboards, to amoreobvious onceformed focal pointbefore thenewroadwasconstructed area.group attheedgeofconservation The houseknown as “Greenlands”, withitsdecorative Millisapicturesque toHarracles clusterofbuildings entrance attheaccessdrive A smalllandmark wallsandretainingarealsosoftenedby hedges. treesandprivet boundary nestled withinthebackdropoftreeswhichreachdown totheroadinplacesanddrystone so thatthesettlementslowly unfolds. focal point. Dumpling Cottageisaparticular The houses are of thelanechannelsviewsclosetojunctionwithCamroseHillandthenwindsalonglane, Hall. MillandHarracles Harracles continuous retainingwallandcottagesalongtheedge A largely away andhardertoreachseefromtheroadbut enjoying south-facingviewsoverlooking occasion perchedabove, upto10metres beyond, properties, tucked wherethere areslightly larger cottagesandvillasarescatteredalongthelane on cottages liningthelane. 19thcentury early tothehillside,Development alongDunwood restricted Laneislargely withfew surviving mill,corn thesettlementandsharedlandscapesettingofalltheseelements. watermeadows.landscape andtherushy There arestrongvisualassociationsbetween theHall, the Hall. toHarracles Millandthelandrising leats toHarracles Views arecontainedby therolling slopes of Bank,Whorrocks lookingsouthacrossthewatermeadow millpondand andtheformer at Dunwood Lanethereisastrongvisualrelationshipbetween thesettlementalongsouthern to beassociatedby ofthetownship namelongbefore intodistinctparishes. theseparation Standing Harracles Halland Harracles Bankappear Whorrocks survives. platform dismantled by 1934, duetoinstability. A small picturesquelocation,dramatic but hadtobe of thisroad, nodoubtintendedtoexploitits ca. 1905)oncesatontheprecipitousedge Stone. St.The former Gabriel’s Church(built overgrown, onethesourceofJubilee sides ofthehillwere smallquarries, now tree canopy of oakandbeechonboth Views over thelake arefiltered by thelarge RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 43 The wooded hillsides surrounding hillsides The wooded Chalets are vulnerable and a number are Chalets are vulnerable and a number The majority within the conservation of domestic buildings area are in good condition and GENERAL CONDITION OF THE AREA THE OF CONDITION GENERAL 7.3 little ongoing maintenance, relatively have Rudyard rhododendron is rampant and in places trees even fallen are not being removed, which have were planted as a species and some softwood a finite life have All trees footpaths. across the public owners are encouraged early to discuss at an stage the TPOs, In areas where there are blanket crop. for long- trees with the Districtmanagement and maintenance of officer to provide Council tree term planting to preserve maintenance and succession landscape quality. Landscape in poor condition; Blakeley is at a critical Blakeley point and in poor condition; whilst several the on under threat from collapse, north-east are semi-derelict. side of the lake 7.2 7.1 often poorly boathouses are threat are under maintained and a number However, well-maintained. ‘Shoestring’ servingThe Boathouse the boat and Pressures). (see Problems from lack of maintenance walls survive lower although A fourth area has collapsed, boathouse in this is in poor condition. boathouse is an unlisted the Lake The Lady of the structure. to rebuild be feasible and it would English Heritage) there is a tree growing listing by but and it is in fair condition (assessed for building for access joints close to the waterline and some of the lower out of the chimney need attention; it is such a major landmarkAs making an important decorationmaintenance and is problematic. priority it should be considered as a grant future for contribution to the character of Rudyard, assistance. Buildings 7. 44 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Problems andPressures). Estateandthelakeside (seesectionunder Park ofReacliffe character Woods, Cliffe theformer the lake frompublic view. They arealientothe timber, panelfences alongReacliffe Road, hiding 8.6 Timber Fences ground isbeingexcavated intothehillside, scars. creatinglarge Reacliffe RoadandDunwood Lane. unsightly alongDunwood Lane, where the This isparticularly 8.5 Loss ofBoundary Walls frontage. bays onthestreet havecutting outofgroundtocreatenewparking scars recently createdalarge ofthesettlement.frontages alldamagethecharacter areasoftopsoiland The removal oflarge the foreground. Up-and-over doors, andthelossof wideopeningsandflat-roofed structures andgarages. alongDunwood Lanedominate to pressuresfor garages off-streetparking Modern 8.4 the village. 8.3 Garages issues, for futureenhancement. we canidentifypriorities development, sofarasthiscanbeachieved by theneedfor planningpermission. Byhighlightingthese 8.2 many arerelatedtodevelopment pressures, whichareaddressedundersection9. 8.1 8. There has been a proliferation oftall,There hasbeenaproliferation wallshave bays onoccasionbeenremoved atboth Boundary tocreateoff-streetcarparking alongDunwood LanehaveProblems lanesandlackofon-streetparking ofnarrow led ofmaterials, built fromavariety garages There areanumber whichdonotenhance oflarge harmful areadesignationhasbeenputinplacetosafeguard againstfurther The conservation oftheassessmentcharacter,As part have anumber ofnegative factors beenidentified; NEGATIVE FACTORS RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 45 Dormer windows – Lower HortonDormer – Lower windows of has been altered with a number Lodge boathouse Unlisted buildings, even in conservation areas, are vulnerable to loss of architectural in conservation even areas, Unlisted buildings, Around the Damhead and at Rudyard Vale Vale at Rudyard the Damhead and Around flat-roofed dormer Victorian which are particularlyflat-roofed windows intrusive late and unsympathetic to the Gothic form of the building. 8.9 8.8 Within Rudyard traditional guttering and roof materials. chimney stacks, doors, windows, details: there are instances the original uPVC but been replaced in and guttersin a few windows have be In order to protect the surviving it may architecturalsome sympathetic replacements. details, point in the future. at some Articleappropriate this settlement with an to protect 4 Direction, Loss of Building Details Loss of Building 8.7 a proliferation there are in particular, Park, Caravan sometimes of information provide signs which and in some are redundant messages; confused These otherspoor condition whilst are duplicated. There are benefit from being would rationalised. phases. waste bins of different often multiple Proliferation of Signs and Street Furniture Street and of Signs Proliferation 46 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL homes andresidences, areholiday homes. whilstthemajority 9.1.3 dwelling initsown right. dominant, even thoughitmayside (Blakeley andthesmallboathouse)isparticularly notbealarge scale of “The Hideway”, whichreplacedatimberchalet, comparedwiththeholiday chaletstoeither ofRudyard.this ischangingthefaceoflandscapeandcharacter Forexample, thelarge but haphazardcharacter,has initselfcreatedapermanent withnocohesive designorcharacter; lived structures, dwellings, have andlarger beenreplacedwithpermanent orstone, inbrick which ofthelake.and alongthemargins Sadly, many ofthesechalets, whichwere designedtobeshort- own, ofthelake, ofleisuredevelopment alongthe fringes bothwithinthewoodland environment 19th century. allofits character The smallscaleofmany ofthechaletshascreatedatraditional the during ofthereservoir part had beendeveloped by inthesouthern themfor leisurepurposes Estate, fromtheCliffe Park althoughthetimber banksofthereservoir western ‘tearoom’ or ‘kiosk’ 9.1.2 Preserving Character–Chalets character.public accessandpreserving potential.area andtourist andencouraging inpermitting There isadifficultbalancetobestruck theusable public limitedandrestricts ofthelakeside. thecharacter isvery Parking may notpreserve damhead, facilities, wherespaceislimitedandtherecommercialpressurefor morestorage which 9.1.1 Damhead 9.1 CHANGE 9. To addto thiscomplexity, afew ofthechaletsand “boathouses” areinfactpermanent and ofchaletsdatefromafter1904,The majority whentheNSRacquirednorthern endofthe reservoir,There issignificantdevelopment pressureatthesouthern closetothe Development Pressure PROBLEMS, PRESSURES AND CAPACITY FOR RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 47 The principal policy document for assessing applications affecting the change of use of holiday the change of use of holiday The principal applications affecting assessing document for policy states that the conversion of non-residential rural R2 subsequently Policy for buildings form part R1 and R2 now Policies and are consistent with plan of the adopted development units which supportThe loss of holiday a detrimental tourism within the local area can have of the survivingA number early20th century chalets are abandoned or semi-derelict and are There has been a general homes to permanent use of holiday resistance to the change of Holiday chalets are particularly chalets Holiday vulnerable and redevelopment. of maintenance from lack Chacara, Reacliffe Road - replacement dwelling approved 2003, constructed 2003, approved dwelling Road - replacement Reacliffe Chacara, Road (reconstructed Reacliffe prior to 2001) Shady Beech, constructed (Lakeside), Stoney Bank N.B. with integral boathouse, home 2007, holiday replacement - approved The Hideaway constructed water line raised not implemented and building boat-house but above 39 Steps (Driftwood) – reconstructed prior to 2001 a very 2003 – approved home substantial holiday ‘dwelling’ - replacement Sandy Cove constructed formerly 1948 but chalet/boathouse before a Red Roofs - traditional chalet, black-and-white constructed not replacement permanent in 2010, for dwelling approved p.p. - rebuilt Inglenook Boathouse - rebuilt Slipways reconstructed & 2004, 2002 approved c1907 - replacement dwelling Elmos Chalet, St. View - reconstruction 2004 of chalet approved Lake • • • • • • • • • • • 9.1.7 9.1.8 9.1.9 9.1.10 homes or the creation of holiday homes is the Staffordshire Moorlands homes is the Staffordshire R1 homes or the creation of holiday Core Strategy (Policies R1 states that priority to the re-use of rural will be given Policy commercial for buildings and R2). let to holiday specifically Although the policy does not refer including tourismenterprise, uses. is directly such accommodation is aimed at serving hence, the needs of touristsaccommodation, and, to tourismlinked and the rural economy. residential use will be permitted where it can be demonstrated only that commercial use is not the policy requires a marketing In such cases to be carried exercise a out by or suitable. viable or other evidence to demonstrate qualified professional that commercial use is not viable. suitably the aims of the Framework which seeks to support a prosperous rural economy. impact on the rural economy. Victorian carriages railway an opportunity perhaps awaiting redevelopment. for deteriorating rapidly, historically on occasion been removed partwhich were have of the ephemeral character of Rudyard, of several carriages derelict railway – identifiable (such as the recent removal Railway to the Foxfield no protection under Mobile structures have on the OS maps). ‘The Glen’ and ‘The Nest’ as Survivingconservation are under threat from loss chalets along the shoreline of the lake area status. and the timber chalet to the south of Hideaway. ‘Blakeley’ Particularlyor replacement. vulnerable are 9.1.6 9.1.5 the Landscape Character to protect the Green Belt and residences in Rudyard the design of but replacement structures the ephemeral has displaced character permanent with that of buildings. been consistently to permanent homes change of use of holiday residences have Applications for Furthermore, the local planning exceptions. with few decades, refused along the waterfront in recent on sustainability grounds, authority has adopted a strong policy of not permitting chalets, new holiday been permitted circumstances where the location is sustainable under special although some have There is clearly that needs to be struck a balance to and in the interests of the local rural economy. which preserves some development enable traditional the character holiday / environment. Since 2001 there have been a large number of applications approved for replacement holiday homes homes holiday replacement for a large been approved of applications number have 2001 there Since are: These of a permanent design which is been of a form. have Most of these or chalets. 9.1.4 48 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL • Sandhurst • • • Redroofs • • Fortside • • • • to changes. These includebut arenotexclusively: ontheSpatial positive buildings /structures Analysis map, but thesearenotlistedandvulnerable 9.1.15 Positive Buildings andStructures shouldbediscouraged. and concretepanelstructures quality ofthebuilding isofexceptional qualityanddesign. buildings ofredbrick The construction and timber-cladding shouldbeencouraged, ofboatstorage character unlessthe andtheephemeral the shoreline, boatsmay requireatrailer, hoistorwinchdown tothelake. The useofgreenroofs these elementsdonotjarintothewiderviewsacrosslake. Where boathousesaresetabove materials. ofdesigntodevelopment isappropriate,The adoptionofsimilarprinciples provided that buildings have boatstorage anddesigntemporary, beenofsimpleform 20th century lightweight dimensionsthangarages,buildings oflarger changingfacilities. onoccasionrequiring Many ofthe 9.1.14 Boat Storage-Design and lossofthisbuilding type. 9.1.13 contain aboat-house. hasbeenremoved.akin tochaletsandboathousestorage A few chaletshave beenadaptedto or gatesproviding covered doors distinctive wet large moorings, many of theboathousesaremore Rudyard andwhilstthereareanumber ofgenuine boathouses, withshoreaccessfor boatsand todevelop holiday chalets.started However, theterm ‘boathouse’ at hasbeenloosely interpreted untiltheNSR longperiod ofthelake for avery thecharacter extentpreserved limitation toalarge of thiscovenant wasdesignedtoensurethatonly boatswould beusedalongtheshoreline. This Dwellinghouses withoutofficesstables CoachousesGreenhousesorConservatories”. Thespirit to Boathouses. The covenants expressly removed any entitlementtoconstruct “Detached ofbuildings covenants adjoiningthelakerestrictive appliedin1886tolimittheconstruction 9.1.12 Preserving Character-Boathouses – boathousebuilding whichhasbeengiven inredbrick). approval for reconstruction shoreline (e.g. The ShielingandRedRoofs, chalet ablack-and-white timber-framed 20thcentury early alongthe ofthearea, tothecharacter inappropriate buildings aregenerally Red brick particularly ofRudyard andthistrendshouldbereversed. ofthispart tothecharacter inappropriate generally replacements tochalets, dominatedby building brick, forms, traditional stoneandovertly whichis Vale stylesofbuilding for andStoneyDaletherehasbeenanacceptanceofmorepermanent awaymaterials, fromtheshorealongReacliffe Road, withinthewoodland andfurther Rudyard ofchalets, andlightweight characteristics ofmodern ephemeral usingtimbercladdingandarange 9.1.11 Blakeley (holiday chalet–original) Boathouse Cottageand tothenorth Lady oftheLake The OldBoathouse(Biltons), c1900 Lodgeboathouse Lower Horton Lovely View Lodge Three BoathousesalongshorelinesouthofLower Horton andwhichareshown as There arestillanumber ofChaletsandBoathouseswhichsurvive requiressimplestorage ingeneral Boats needsimpleprotective andboatstorage covers ofboathousesandthelakeside isunderthreatfromredevelopment character The traditional Following Estate, thesaleofCliffe Park anumber ofparcelslandwere soldwith themore Whilst astyleofarchitecturehasevolved alongtheshorelinetopreserve RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 49 Designation of conservation Designation of the the value to recognise much can do status area could be the subject of an effective and as such the frontages waterway is a public The lake Views Boundaries and Loss of from views of the lake Road there has been significant loss of Along the length of Reacliffe The traditional form to the road of enclosure which preserveThere are several of very good examples the traditional boundaries, sensitive 9.1.17 9.2 Road Reacliffe A. 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 ephemeral character characterto maintaining the essential but of Rudyard be the development will preserve design codes to of a set of essential characteristics the and boathouses, scale of chalets and them to be thermallywith sympathetic / or replaced and repaired and efficient whilst enabling materials that the It will be essential and forms preserve to the character 21st century. into the consent” “estate who require Trust, and River and agreed with the Canal design code is discussed This structures for to the high water mark. land up which affect “third party consent” engineers’ and of traditional or increasing the number maintaining address the potential for boat-houses with would historic and pontoons. slipways moorings, wet Certain as private such permitted to control Article rights. development works, 4 Direction, if there are boating rights even permission, require planning landing stages and slipways pontoons, Part be consideration of the design code should the lake. fronting the landowner of by enjoyed of permitted rightsthe removal domestic paraphernalia development for and odd such as gazebos In the future lake. which are creeping into the views from the such as hot tubs, features ‘holiday’ LPA. these should be agreed with the it is Road is a private section of Reacliffe road, lakeside Although the lower, footpath. the public The 31). – HortonWay parish No. footpath right (the Staffordshire a promoted public of way is a particularly and the views across the lake the public connection between important of its historic owners lost by generations many the general are being slowly for by public enjoyed Views character. of the chalets and modern tall boundariesboathouses creating increasingly to their properties along been erected are around 2 metres have and walls which of the fences many the edge of the road; high. gritstone supplemented has been a low boundary wall, In one with lush planting and ornamented woodland. instance this has been heightened with mortared in other instances it has been heightened stonework, cases the original In many with a close-boarded fence. been demolished to create gritstone walls have parkinga vehicle the loss of enclosure is and bay Whilst it is understandable particularly damaging. that private owners not want people looking would instances the in many homes, into their holiday directly homes the roofs of the holiday views over does more than this and prevents height of the fences such and tall stone boundary Close-boarded fences walls, and the far bank. and chalets to the lake views of the lake. blocked completely have Edge and Driftwood, Waters at Lakeside, as those found very are The Hideaway particularly prominent and railings out of place to the character enclosing Tall permitted of Sandy Nook has more generously filtered views to redevelopment The of the lane. though they and the gateposts are stone walls and through metal gates even the low over the lake gentrifiedslightly for the locality. These include the boundary to Fortside, which retains the traditional character Road. of Reacliffe lush planting and incorporates and imparts a traditional style of timber gate, a semi- stone boundary, Design Guidance / Design Codes Design / Guidance Design 9.1.16 50 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL of theRudyard landscapesupplemented by fir and spruce. characteristic Small larchplantationsand Scotspinewithinthedeciduouswoodland areaparticular inlongdistanceviews, aprominentridgeline damagingtolandscapequality.where itforms isvery the strong, lush, character, ornamented particularly girth. withalarge 19th century This erosionof and healthy specimens, many datingfromthelate tall,larch, andfirareoften very substantial spruce Commission (seeManagementof Trees). The and requiresafelling licencefromthe Forestry lieswithin the felling work kind oflarge-scale TPO there isnosignofreplacementplanting. This pollarded tocreateasmallpony paddockand felled and anoldoaktreeseverely been partially of thehill(onwest sideofRudyard) has 9.3.2 and fieldpatterns. Asaresultof ‘horsiculture’ thereisathreattothelandscapecharacter. affecting theplantecology. impacts, Onoccasion ithasmuch moredramatic withthelossoftrees 9.3.1 9.3 and therefore arelatively small, audience. intrepidandfortunate gatelodge andHall, andsomeoftheboathouses, whicharenow limitedtoviewsfromaboat largely views, andreconnectsomehistoric reservoir suchasviewstotheLadyofLake andCliffe Park views ofRudyard Lake andremove pockets ofself-settreestoenable the public toengagewiththe toopenupselective consideration, itwillbeimportant treesisanimportant protection ofimportant population, quarries. pondsandformer withvarious Whilst theplantandfauna ecologyand oftheline. character historic sideoftherailway thereisagood invertebrate Along theeastern for thepublic toseeacrossthelake.with littleopportunity This different fromthe ‘corridor’ isvery limited outwardviews.of thelake andtherearevery isoftendark,The track-bed gloomy andwet, But inothersections, whichwere moreopenhistorically, thetreeshave self-setalongthemargins Sections ofthelinestilltravel throughcuttings, wherethetreescrowd over track-bed. the former edgeofthereservoir.have ofthelinealongeastern ledtothelossofopencharacter 9.2.6 B. Churnet Valley Railway ofthelakesideand wooded leisureenvironment. character historically. aretimber-boarded,The bestexamplesofgarages asthesecomplementtheephemeral stone retainingwalls, retainingthebankatReacliffe Wood. successfully This hasbeendonevery trees, bay onthehillsideofroad,damage toimportant itwillbebettertocreateaparking with 9.2.5 enjoyment ofthelake environment. thepublic andtopreserve erosion ofcharacter topreventplanning applicationsfor further boundaries 9.2.4 privacy.sacrificing views ofthelake hasbeenachieved herewithout character.rural The retentionofoccasionalglimpsed A prominentlarchplantationatthetop ‘Horsiculture’, which grazed by livestock,were traditionally ortheuseoffields by horses is ‘Horsiculture’ The closureoftheChurnet Valley Railway in1960andthechangingmanagementpractices Wherever possible, whereitdoesn’tcreate designguidancewillbeneededtoinform Firm RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 51 In addition to the Tree Preservation all trees in the ConservationArea are protected Orders, Tree In addition to the Preservation Tree of with a number are protected Lake The western banks of Rudyard Rudyard has multiple and extensive Tree Preservation of these are contiguous Many Orders. Tree and extensive has multiple Rudyard Fragmentation of Estates Fragmentation and the the golf club, the sale of following Park Cliffe up of the wider The break Hall Estate, so large the hall are now in front of of the hall are largely that views Sycamores crowded The gradual in the cross-shaped plantation is approaching a critical loss of trees its point for including Park was one of a series Cottage) The Cliffe structures, gatelodge (Cliffe of built benefit in conserving public There will be significant communal the fragmented site of 9.5.3 if they have a stem diameter of 75 millimetres measured at 1.5 metres from ground level. In general, In general, a stem diameter of 75 millimetres measured at 1.5 metres from ground level. if they have to undertake anyone and CountryAct 1990 for work to a Planning Town under the it is an offence without giving the Council six lopping or topping, includes felling, which tree in a conservation area, The notice period if the tree(s) should be the Council to decide is for writtenweeks prior notice. TPO. protected from proposed work a by behind Horton and the woods Lodge and the John Woods These include LR002 (Reacliffe Orders. to the Road down lining Reacliffe which includes all of the woodland Munroe Independent Hospital), 9.5.2 9.5.1 woodland reflects the fact that the landscape and which with the conservation area boundary, and places the woodland in many design and planting; has very its ornamentation, high interest for landscape defines the character of the conservation area. 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.5 Trees later changes in land ownership has affected land management. The main house has retained only has retained only main house The in land ownershiplater changes land management. has affected bumps humps and golf club imposed The a small part right garden and a of the immediate of way. in general but the in the formon the landscape tees, greens and of bunkers for areas leveled and the impact has been reduced as time and club has been far less intrusiveimpact of the golf over break up of the the following Of greater impact, the grassland parkland. has re-colonised the open particularly and the fragmentation boundaries, of as a result character, of cohesive is the loss estate, Furthermore, trees and boundaries chalets (see holiday above). plots for of the sale of individual ‘estate’. shrubs benefit of the the wider for are not being managed pruning Selective lifting) to permit (crown views underneath the months. obscured in the summer to preserve trees should be considered of self-set and removal canopy the characteristics of the an important views of the hall, filtered whilst enabling parkland tree growth, planting and healthy landmark designed to be seen at the centre of the landscape. survival as there has been no succession planting. and pattern, designed to be seen self-consciously which were north-south placed in a roughly alignment, the Hall, The separation Park Cliffe of the gatelodge at the estate from the wider in views. ‘eye-catcher’ as an views blocked have of the Sailing Club and the redevelopment the increase in tree canopy estate, and from the Rushton road (A523). Lake the east banks of Rudyard of the gatelodge from the lake, from the lodge the lake point in the view and the loss of outward view over The loss of this focal its survival blighted have the long term lead to and could potentially loss of this important listed and earlybuilding part should of the Sailing Club Future redevelopment landscape. of the Rudyard account the need to preserve into take as part this building of the wider landscape and provide opportunities uses which preserve outward views and viable for interest. its special the former Park Cliffe through coordinated management and this is best served Estate a by of landowners stakeholders and other involvement will be essential. Conservation Management Plan; 9.4 52 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 9.5.9 thesefeatures. preserve avenues drive, allofwhich requiresuccessionplanningandplantinginorder to liningthecarriage designed beltsoftreesand features suchasthecrossplantation, single-sided aswell astheprincipal ecological ordesignedlandscapemanagement.and thinkaboutlong-term However, herethereare Lee Farm,of Barns andissplitfromthehall, sothereislessincentive toprotectthesettingofhall 9.5.8 and recognisethevisualqualitiesofdesignedlandscapes. topromotebiodiversity Management requiresacarefulbalanceofdifferent interestsandpriorities although therearesignificantexemptions gardens, for treesinprivate orchards andchurchyards. CommissionEnglandon proposalstofell existingwoodland,landowner toconsultwiththeForestry the issuingofaFellingLicences, Act1967, introducedundertheForestry first whichrequiresthe 9.5.7 • • • policies: andhasthefollowing characteristics Character Assessment (2011)recognisestheseparticular to beshadetolerant, withinapre-existingwooded environment. The Churnet Valley Landscape Reacliffe Roadandthesewould have colourandtheirability andspring beenplantedfor theirform thewinter.seasonal foliage andinterestduring Beechwere plantedextensively alongtheedgeof andother specimentrees.are supplementedwithoccasionalspecimenconifers This createsalush 9.5.6 andfromthecanalfeeder.Horton) Railway (Footpaths1and26–Longsdon-Footpathno70 andfromthefootpath network oftheChurnet fromthetrack-bed of themostpicturesqueviewsRudyard,Valley particularly elementofthelandscape, the19thcentury, embellishedduring manyimportant whichcharacterises contains thewooded thesettingofbuildings alongDunwood backdropwhichforms Lane, an 9.5.5 protection for thistree. notthesubjectofa currently TPO, areawillprovide ameasureof inclusionwithintheconservation ofthevillage. tall buildings agateway oppositeofCamroseHalljointly form intothispart Although within a TPO LR008– A1). ofLake Roadisatallspruce, whichtogetherwiththe On thecorner of woodland leadingfromthe fromthedamdrive falls Visitor CentretoHotelRudyard carpark LR008-W3), above The CrescentandLake Roadandindividual TPOs alongLake Road. A block 9.5.4 areawillprovide atCliffe alevel Park. ofprotection for treeswithintheparkland of aconservation landscapeatCliffe Park.shoreline, areasoftheparkland excludeslarge but currently The designation this landscape. of ofthisfeature must fromtheuniquecharacter take accountofandnotdetract importance whichimpactonthelandscapecharacter,Rudyard Reservoir visual, recreational, orecological development orlandusechangealongtheshorelinesandbanksof Any proposalsfor further visually tothislandscapeorlocalsettlement. protecting, inparticular, or individualspecimenandgroupsoftreesthataresignificanthistorically species intotheareaidentifiedassettingofparkland. shouldbegiven to Consideration andtoitssetting.to thedesignofparkland tointroduce someofthese Itmay beappropriate treespeciesthatareinherent landscapesoftencontainintroduceddecorative parkland Historic plantations willlinkintoexistingvegetation. Plantingdesignmust respondtolandform. Commissionandbroadleavedfollow advice provided edgestonew by bestpractice theForestry Both broadleaves andconifer speciesoccurinthis landscape however futureplantationsshould Close to the main house and the principal approaches we findmoreexotic broadleavedClose tothe mainhouseandtheprincipal ofthewidermanagedfarmland Hallestateisnow oftheCliffe part Park part The northern controloverBeyond urbanareastheprincipal themanagementofwoodland isthrough particular. oftheRudyard landscapearevery Broad-leavedThe characteristics woodlands Between CamroseHillandDunwood Laneisanother ‘blanket’ TPO (LR008– W4) which There arealso swatheofwoodlandTPOs covering at alarge Bank(TPO Whorrocks RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 53 - Dead larch within the wooded the wooded Dead larch within Where trees are proposed for 9.5.11 and in parkland, plantations of the to the south of Reacliffe the woods Road and north of Horton Lodge, the In time, are not being replaced. loss of conifers will lead to erosion of There character. woodland the mixed are generallynumbers sufficient of some to enable trees broadleaved this should be but natural regeneration, managed to preserveactively landscape quality. 9.5.12 14 Phytophthora ramorum ParksA Practical Established & Gar Guide for and Phytophthora kernoviae Invasive Species and Ecology seed from the or spread by in the 19th century, planted in pockets initially , Rhododendron which cast a very leading to loss dense thickets Rhododendron forms extensive shade, deep Rhododendron ponticum is prolific within The old specimen Cedar of Lebanon on the front lawn of the hall has been badly damaged the hall has been badly of lawn Cedar of Lebanon on the front The old specimen 14 9.6 9.6.1 9.6.2 9.6.3 removal under either the TPO or conservation area legislation, replacement trees will normally replacement conservationTPO or be area legislation, under either the removal landscape quality and variety. required of the same species to prolong which was often to has spread rapidly and changed the original intention, designed Victorian gardens, Wood rampantand is now in partscreate a lush character at the margins of Reacliffe of woodland, Road. to the south of Reacliffe and the woodland In addition to the tree regeneration. preventing modifying the fauna and ground flora, of woodland inhibiting the germination plants, other produce biochemicals which can affect it may of shade, effect is the invasive not all of the rhododendron However, of other species. or seedling establishment the western along edge of pale pink in colour, variety and there are some hybrids, purple Ponticum Road. Reacliffe and it is a plant which is listed as the woodland Non-Native in the Invasive species an invasive Species Framework It is Strategy Great Britain. for vulnerable to the disease Phytophthora ramorum to exist FERA can give and where this is known statutoryby notification to require complete removal landowners. 9.5.10 with a new specimen tree Succession planting of limbs and requires some tree surgery. the loss by should be considered. specimens, such as specimen sycamores and conifers with flowering and evergreen shrubs. Such Such conifers and sycamores as specimen such and evergreen flowering with shrubs. specimens, natural and delight visual provides and and routes formsplanting the building for the setting both the core when pinpoint and Irish of Lebanon Cedar fastigiate yews, specimen conifers, Tall beauty. counterpoint for used conifersAs these number, more limited in are often a distance. seen from loss of conifers and lack of succession and are attributed value, little ecological interest, and winter a dramatic landscape. on the effect can have planting dens, Amenity Landscape and Woodland Areas (DEFRA) Woodland Amenity Landscape and dens, 54 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL are responsible for treatingit. totheEnvironment incidents ofblue-green algae bloomsAgency, orscumsshouldbereported who if swallowed. Notallblue-green algaeblooms and scumsaretoxic. Fortheavoidance ofdoubt, all livestock anddomesticpets.farm Inhumans, afterskincontactandillnesses theycancauserashes ofgrowth arecalled blooms,periods which canproducetoxins; thesetoxins cankillwildanimals, light, mixing, of blue- greenalgaecanincrease. -then the flownumbers andtemperature Increased exist,high levels ofphosphorus andotherrequirements for growth aremet-for example, adequate of blue-green algaeblooms (cyanobacteria), annual features. whicharenaturally-occurring Where over hasbeenthepresence ecologicalproblem recentyears toaffectThe principal thereservoir 9.6.9 patches ofJapaneseknotweed areevidentalongDunwood Laneandalongsidetherailway track. become established alongReacliffe Road, Dunwood Laneandthecanalfeeder over and recentyears andcontrol.which needtobesubjectedaregularcycleofclearance Himalayan balsamhas 9.6.8 andrides, drives theseshouldbeidentified,carriage retainedandmanaged. garden setting, houses, withinthemature landscapedgardensofthelarger orontheedgeof tolandscapecharacter.contribution were usedina Rhododendronandcultivars Where hybrid throughlackofappreciationtheir removal varieties andhybrid ofnon-invasive cultivars 9.6.7 such asnative holly couldbeused. coverreplacement withevergreen suchastheedgeofparkland, shelterbelts, wherealternatives isgiven and totheoverall thatconsideration landscapecharacter a longerperiod. Itisimportant whichwillpave theway ofselective for removala programme itsremoval hasbeenstarted over 9.6.6 cover. airtocirculateandbreakevergreen toencourage will bethenorm woodland. Inmostsituationstheseareaswillbeopeneduptocreategladeswheremixed planting 9.6.5 arecontrolled. through plantnurseries R.species, maximum andR. particularly catawbiense. However, sold currently Rhododendronhybrids Islesshows signsofintrogressionwithotherrhododendron intheBritish material the naturalised 9.6.4 Blue-Green Algae invasive speciescreatingmonoculture Himalayan balsamand Japaneseknotweed arefurther ofremoval ofthe moreinvasiveThe programme rhododendronponticummay include It would take decadestoremove allRhododendronponticumfromthewoodland. However, Wherever possible R. andremoved for ponticumshouldbehardpruned thehealthof R. ponticumwasonoccasionusedasarootstockfor thelesshardycultivars. Mostof RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 55 Control and Continuity Control RECOMMENDATIONS 10. In particular, development fronting the waterway (Rudyard (Rudyard fronting the waterway development In particular, Article should be brought under the control of an Lake) 4 (1) the accretion of domestic development to prevent Direction, which and the erosion of character within historic boathouses, ArticleAn 4 use class. be controlled under a different may (1) Direction should control the construction and of slipways pontoons and paraphernalia associated with boat and river and Trust, subject to agreement with the Canals and Rivers use, including: inappropriateshould seek to control or prevent domestic clutter along the waterfront, An Article 4 Direction does not prevent the development to which it applies, but instead requires instead requires but Article to which it applies, An the development 4 Direction does not prevent English Heritage that planning permission be firstfor that development. obtained from the Council Articleadvises that both of designated and non- protection 4 Directions can increase the public The and help the protection of the setting of all heritage assets. designated heritage assets, Article permitted national “the use of 4 Directions to remove NPPF states at paragraph 200 that rightsdevelopment where this is necessary should be limited to situations to protect local amenity of the area…” or the wellbeing The Article certain both residential properties, The need to cover 4 (1) Direction would types of where there are certaincommercial properties, rights which the planning authority want to would control (such as alteration and certain to boundary use/ storage types of leisure walls), use. An Articleownersrequire to Council the occupiers and/or An enables Direction 4 propertiesspecific of planning permission for certainto apply for there is concern where that the character of alterations, the conservation area is under threat. Many such works carried out by owners or occupiers are classified as “permitted development” such worksMany “permitted carried development” owners by out or occupiers are classified as Order Development) Planning (General and County Permitted Town of the under the provisions carriedThis means that they can be express planning out without the need for 2015 (“the GPDO”). rights development currently a large exist for Permitted in ConservationAreas. even permission, a significant impact on the character of can have although ephemeral, that, of developments number the area. It is strongly recommended that in conjunction with the designation of the conservation area, the designation of the conservation recommended that in conjunction with It is strongly area, permitted rights development certain be withdrawn for in order to preserve types of development the survivingArticle character under an of Rudyard 4 Direction. Article 4 Direction The local planning authority is not represented on the Rudyard Lake Trust board of Trustees Trustees board of Trust authorityThe local planning Lake on the Rudyard is not represented of the Churnet was formed the establishment before Trust as the historic, and this is probably that the authority with the be advisable is represented as it is tasked It would Masterplan. Valley has the primary and Valley and role on controlling development Churnetmanagement of the ensuring where there are planning controls. character that the of the area is preserved, 1. Rudyard Lake Trust

56 RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL • • • • 4(1)Directionshouldcover: The Article control. whichshouldbebroughtunder thepiecemealdevelopment ofdomesticparaphernalia primarily details.historic whichfrontRudyard Lake, whereitis The mainexceptiontothisistheproperties 4Direction,included inthe Article unlesstheyhave beendesignedinsuchaway astoreplicate vulnerable. Inpractice, buildings therefore, arenot mostofthemid-late20thand21stcentury Area, interestis Conservation orhistoric tothosewherethespecialarchitectural but primarily doesnotapply development toallbuildingsThe removal inthe rights ofpermitted wallsshouldalsobebroughtundercontrolalongthesefrontages. boundary tofrontages. boundaries traditional demolitionof hardstandingsandpartial The creationoffurther orreplacements),style windows (whetheroriginal chimneystacks, and roofingmaterials traditional These include: building details, traditional andbargeboards, traditional suchaswindow apertures oftheareaandthoseelementswhichmake Rudyard special. theremainingcharacter to preserve andproportions. Itisimportant in uPVChave glazingpatterns respectedthehistoric generally timberwindows, anddespitetheremoval oftraditional well preserved surprisingly replacements of chimneystackandlocalwallfinishes. ofbothLake RoadandDunwood Thecharacter Laneis to thesize ofdoorandwindow openings, ordesigns andtheremoval oflocalroofingmaterials includechanges semi-detached houses, toresidential properties permitted currently but alterations areadesignationseekstoretain, of number ofwhichwerethe conservation alarge designedaspairs houseswhich Along Lake RoadandDunwood ofthetraditional Lane, thecharacter itisprimarily Direction, wherever theyfrontthewaterway andReacliffe Road. field. oftheirage, Alloftheproperties, irrespective 4(1) willtherefore beincludedwithinthe Article not prevent development, andtoensurethatthereisnoambiguityalevel playing location. underplanningcontrolistodevelopment, thesealterations ofbringing The purpose oftheir irrespective shouldalsorequireplanningpermission works Hardstandings andengineering and theerectionoffences, oftheirheight, irrespective bothwithinplotsandalongtheboundary. walls demolitionofboundary Permitted shouldberemoved development rights for thepartial walls. boundary drystone lake, oftraditional character andtoensuretheretentionofhistoric removal ofviewstoandacrossthe hardstandings shouldbealsocontrolledtoprevent further Development frontingReacliffe Road, offences, intheform walls, and boundary garages dishes andsolarpanels, andlightingcolumns. fences, railings, gazebos, pergolas, summerhouses, sunroomsandsheds, decksandverandahs, satellite The Woodlands; southside–Sunnybank, Greenlands, MillCottage, Dumpling Cottage, Hawthrone Cottage, Rest Cottage, RockCottage, Woodfield, Woodside and hardstandings: side - 1Harpur’s Gate Cottage, RoseCottage, north JasmineCottage, Bank House, dwellings, totraditional Dunwood Lane–alterations andthecreationof boundaries –Hallscroft,The Drive OrchardCottage, Winshaw Knoll, White Barn Cottage. The Hollies1and2, Elton, Lilac CottageandRedCottage, South View, Yewtree Cottage, Glenora Clock Tower; west side–PineCottage, Nab Wood, Hillrise, Underwood House, The Beeches, Glenwood and Wynforde, House, SilvianHouse,Albury House, StoneCottage, Reservoir The east side– The OldPost Office, RoseCottageand VineCottage, Cottage /s, 1and2Fern dwellings, totraditional Lake Road–alterations andthecreationofhardstandings: boundaries frontages andgardensfrontingReacliffe Road including theboundary The Rudyard Lake frontages–includingboathouses, holiday chalets, dwellings, holiday homes, RUDYARD CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 57 should be produced as a priority produced as a Codes should be Design public provide to Monitoring Change - Photographic Record Monitoring Change Assets - Local Heritage of Importance Recognition The Lady of the Lake Horton Lodge Boathouse The Old Boathouse The Villa Spite Hall and Mersey Canal Boathouse (Visitor Centre) Trent Boathouse Earl of Macclesfield’s Hotel Rudyard Reservoir House Methodist Church Rudyard The Jubilee Stone Lodges (formerLakeland Station Hotel) Knoll Winshaw Camrose Hill – alterations to traditional dwellings, boundaries and the creation of hardstandings: boundaries of hardstandings: creation and the – alterations Hill Camrose traditional to dwellings, Horton Primrose Cottage, / Swiss Cottage gate – Lodge Hall, Camrose Ivy Cottage, House, Rock End Wits Hospital gate lodge, John Munroe lodge, National Organisations: East Midlands Region, Historic England, NN1 5BE NORTHAMPTON Cliftonville Windsor House, 01604 735460 tel: www.HistoricEngland.org.uk For further advice and information the Conservation please contact Officer at Staffordshire Moorlands Borough Council: District & High Peak Council 0345 6053013 Tel: [email protected] Email: 2. 3. Heritage Local inclusion within a non-exclusive List: are recommended for buildings The following • AND ADVICE INFORMATION FURTHER and a set of Guidance and a set Design information be supported on the appropriate which would of development types the Local by and which are unique specific characteristics reflect the This should Rudyard, of Authority. Planning Moorlandsatypical of the wider district. photographicA street-by-street survey This will require has been undertaken as part of the appraisal. distributed to be widely It will need the local within tool. it an effective to make regular updating authority monitored. that alterations to ensure are effectively Architectural Quality both show map and the descriptionThe conservationAnalysis of area Spatial of these are traditional contribution Many to the conservation a positive that make buildings area. a there are which retain a high proportion In addition to these, of traditionalbuildings, features. that are particularly of buildings number or on either historic distinctive or architectural grounds, identification in this list does not in its Although and merit on a Local Heritage inclusion List. both, is recognized buildings on a local register of the significance additional control, any rightown convey as part Framework authority (2012) and the local planning Policy of the National Planning would preserve to retain and endeavour the special character that fall into this list. of all buildings • • • • • • • • • • • • •