Dalkeith House & Park Conservation Area Midlothian

DALKEITH HOUSE & PARK CONSERVATION AREA

Midlothian Strategic Services Fairfield House 8 Lothian Road Dalkeith EH22 3ZN Tel: 0131 271 3473 Fax: 0131 271 3239 www.midlothian.gov.uk Dalkeith House & Park Conservation Area Midlothian

Dalkeith House and Park

CONTENTS

Preface Page 3

Planning Context Page 5

Location and Population Page 6

Date of Designation Page 6

Archaeology and History Page 6

Character Analysis

Setting and Views of the Whole Town Page 10 Urban Structure Page 10

Dalkeith House and Policies Page 13 The East High Street Page 17 The High Street Page 24 The Glebe Page 33 Grannie’s Park Page 34 Croft Street Page 35 Lugton Page 37

Issues Applicable to the Whole Conservation Area Page 39 Character Analysis Map Page 40

Dalkeith High Street Page 41 Proposed Extensions Page 42

Listed Buildings Page 43

Conservation Area Boundary Page 49

Conservation Area Boundary Map Page 50

Article 4 Direction Order Page 51

Building Conservation Principles Page 53

Glossary Page 54

References Page 58

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PREFACE necessary. The appraisal forms Supplementary Planning Guidance Conservation Areas and will be a material consideration in the determination 1 It is widely accepted that the of development proposals. historic environment is important and that a high priority should be 5 Once a conservation area has been given to its conservation and designated it becomes the duty of sensitive management. This Midlothian Council to pay special includes buildings and townscapes attention to the character and of historic or architectural interest, appearance of the area when open spaces, historic gardens and exercising its powers under designed landscapes, planning legislation. Conservation archaeological sites, and ancient area status means that the monuments. These contribute to character and appearance of the the distinctive character of the conservation area will be afforded urban and rural environment, are a additional protection through valuable part of our heritage and development plan policies and have an important role to play in other planning guidance that seeks education, recreation and the to preserve and enhance the area wider economy. whilst managing change. This does not mean that development 2 The Planning (Listed Buildings will be prohibited but that and Conservation Areas) proposals should be of an (Scotland) Act 1997 requires that appropriate character, scale and local authorities determine if there appearance to the area. are “areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character Additional Powers of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance”, and if so, to 6 The additional powers designate these as Conservation automatically conferred by Areas. designation of the conservation area extend only to the demolition 3 The Scottish Ministers may make of unlisted buildings and to the grants to Midlothian Council and protection of trees. Minor other bodies or private persons developments, such as small towards the cost of works for the alterations to unlisted buildings, preservation and enhancement of still do not require consent. The Conservation Areas, provided cumulative effect of such changes these are considered to be of can greatly erode the character and outstanding architectural or appearance of the conservation historic interest. area. Midlothian Council therefore intends to make a Direction under Character Appraisals Article 4 of the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted 4 A Character Appraisal is an Development) (Scotland) Order effective tool in defining the 1992 which will bring these small character and appearance of alterations under planning control. conservation areas and their This control is set out in greater special interest. The appraisal sets detail in Section 10. Before out the main characteristics of the carrying out any tree work within area, identifies where the conservation area prior written enhancement is required and notice must be given to Midlothian where stronger controls over Council detailing the nature and certain types of development are extent of the proposed work and

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identifying the trees. Failure to 7 Separate legislation exists with notify the Council is an offence respect to Listed Buildings and under the 1997 Town and Country Scheduled and Ancient Planning Act. Monuments.

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PLANNING CONTEXT (ENV1D) that seeks to protect and enhance the character of 8 The character appraisal is conservation areas. Policy important to the formulation and ENV1D states development information of planning policy affecting conservation areas or and proposals for the their setting will only be permitted conservation, protection and where it can be demonstrated that positive management of the the objectives and overall integrity natural and built heritage. of the designated area will not be Management is achieved through compromised, or the social or non-statutory and statutory economic benefits to be gained planning policy, enhancement from the proposed development schemes and Article 4 Direction outweigh the conservation or other Orders. interest of the site.

National Guidance 12 The Adopted Midlothian Local Plan (2003) seeks to guide 9 National Planning Policy development while protecting the Guideline 18: Planning and the environment. The Plan seeks to Historic Environment requires protect the character and conservation area character appearance of the natural and built appraisals to be prepared when heritage. The Plan envisages no local authorities are reconsidering further development other than the existing conservation area new development of brownfield / designations, promoting further infill land and / or conversion of designations or formulating buildings within the Conservation enhancement schemes. Article 4 Area (RP20). The Plan allows for Directions will not be confirmed sensitive alteration and/or by the Scottish Ministers unless a extension of existing properties in character appraisal is in place the conservation area. Outwith (NPPG18, 1999, para 40). the built up area, the remaining part of the conservation area is 10 Planning Advice Note PAN 71: covered by the Protection of the Conservation Area Management Countryside policy (RP1), the complements existing national Protection of the Greenbelt (RP2) policy and provides further advice which limit development, Areas of on the management of Great Landscape Value (policy conservation areas. RP6) and Nationally Important Gardens and Designed Landscapes Statutory Policies (policy RP22). Other policies apply. 11 The Edinburgh and the Lothians Structure Plan 2015 13 Areas of Great Landscape Value (ELSP) provides the strategic (AGLV) may be designated under context for development until S.D.D. Circular 2/1962. 2015 and contains a policy

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DALKEITH HOUSE & PARK CONSERVATION AREA

LOCATION AND POPULATION The choir of the Collegiate Kirk of St Nicholas Parish 14 Dalkeith (population 11,800) is Church, Dalkeith (St Nicholas located 10 kilometres to the south Apse) east of Edinburgh. 17 The name of Dalkeith has several DATE OF DESIGNATION possible derivations of its origins as a place name. It may be of 15 Midlothian Council designated Celtic provenance, meaning Dalkeith conservation area in “narrow” or “contrasted vale”, 1972. The conservation area was possibly because of its distinctive extended to include Dalkeith location between the rivers South House and Park in March 1981 Esk and North Esk. Another and subsequently designated as speculation is that it is of Gaelic “Outstanding” by the Historic origins, “dailchata” meaning Buildings Council for Scotland in “field of battle”. Also there may January 1985. Midlothian District be evidence of a Cumbric term, Council reviewed the conservation “ced” (wood) in (Dal) keith. area boundary through its Villages and Rural Areas Local Plan in 18 The first recorded reference to 1996 and re-designated the Dalkeith occurs in 1143. About conservation area on 28 March this time David I (1124 – 1153) 1996. granted lands by charter, including “Dolchet” (Dalkeith) in the estate ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY of Ruchale given to the monks of Newbattle. The Cistercian abbey 16 The following Scheduled Ancient at Newbattle adjoining Dalkeith Monuments are situated within the was founded in 1140 and was one Dalkeith House and Park of the wealthiest medieval abbeys conservation area. in Lothian. One of the witnesses to the charter of foundation

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granted to Holyrood Abbey in few days here in 1565. The castle 1128, was William de Graham was rebuilt by the Fourth Earl, whose family held Dalkeith. This James Douglas who converted it suggests the possibility of a into a magnificent palace, known settlement at Dalkeith. James as the Lions Den (some remnants second Earl of Douglas was of its form still remain). Dalkeith subsequently created First Lord of continued to be subject to military Dalkeith in 1369 by David II. activities. The castle was besieged Little is known about the and taken by James the Second settlement as most references are Earl of Arran in 1543, and to the castle. By the late Newbattle Abbey was destroyed fourteenth century however it is in 1545 by Edward Seymour, Earl known that the Chapel of St of Hereford. In 1547 the garrison Nicholas had been erected in at Dalkeith Castle fell to an Dalkeith, as it was raised to the English siege and the town was status of a collegiate church and burnt by the English in 1548 and became the parish church of on two subsequent occasions. Dalkeith by 1467. By the end of the fourteenth century Dalkeith 20 The townscape by the seventeenth had grown sufficiently to be century consisted of Dalkeith referred to as a “villa” or town but Palace and park dominating the would have been little more than surrounding area, with the town village size. In 1401 the right of consisting of one street called the a free burgh of barony was High Street running to the south- afforded to James Douglas First west away from the castle. There Lord of Dalkeith granted the right were also a number of wynds or to hold a market, increasing vennels running from the High prosperity to the settlement. Street including today’s South Subsequently Dalkeith became a Street, and the West Wynd. burgh of regality in 1540. Its There was a tolbooth on High subsequent development to the Street used for the collection of main street called the “Great taxes and which was also the Road” was established by 1430, location of the jail. and was lined with burgage plots. The town, because of its strategic 21 By the sixteenth century, schools position was subject to military had been established, and a manoeuvres and was plundered hospice supported by the provost and burned by James, Ninth Earl of St Nicholas Church. Many of of Douglas. the townspeople leased farming land on the outskirts, principally The Sixteenth Century for growing corn. By 1587 there were four grain and cloth mills in 19 The close relationship of the Dalkeith, in the Iron Mills Park Lords of Dalkeith with the crown area, illustrating the importance of brought increased status to the corn to the local economy which Douglas family. It was at was sold at the Dalkeith markets. Dalkeith Castle that King James Locally quarried coal was then IV (1488 – 1513) met his future becoming important to the bride. King James V (1513 – growing prosperity of the area. 1542) took refuge here from There is no evidence of a Edinburgh during the plague. defensive town wall or arch in Dalkeith Castle was often a Dalkeith, but there may have been resting place for royalty during the ditches and pallisading with ports sixteenth century, Mary Queen of or gateways at strategic points on Scots (1542 – 1567) spending a the main routes. Social control

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was usually by banishment, incarceration in the tolbooth or for 24 The townscape changed little in more serious offences, the the seventeenth century, with the Edinburgh tolbooth. Witchcraft street pattern remaining largely was a “crime” on the increase, the same as the sixteenth. dealt with by great cruelty. Maintenance of the two main bridges gave cause for concern and tolls were imposed for their repair in 1631.

25 Fairs and weekly markets continued throughout the century. Dalkeith was still essentially a rural community with much of the burgh lands set out for agriculture. Some local inhabitants were employed in agriculture although the majortity were employed in manufacture mostly textiles and clothing but some in metal, wood, food and drink.

The Eighteenth Century

More serious offences resulted in incarceration 26 The beginning of the eighteenth in the Tollbooth century, between 1702 to 1711, saw the extensive rebuilding of The Seventeenth Century the Dalkeith Palace as part of the Duchess of Buccleuch’s 22 Royal visits became increasingly upgrading of the family home to rare after of the Union of the designs by James Smith. This Crowns in 1603 and departure of resulted in one of the earliest the monarchy to England. classical facades in Scotland. However James VI visited on at least two occasions in 1617 and 27 Manufacturing industry continued Charles I in 1633. Dalkeith to expand in the eighteenth suffered much upheaval and century in the areas of woollen damage from being the centre of goods and clothing, iron works, the nationalist revolt and suffered candle making, and tanning. Mills at the hands of Cromwell, being grew in importance on the North suspected of harbouring royalists. and South Esk providing the power, examples including barley, 23 Dalkeith chapel’s ownership fell flour, oat and waulk mills. Grain to the Buccleuch family in 1642 was of particular importance to who purchased it from the Eighth Dalkeith’s prosperity and it is said Earl of Morton. The that Dalkeith was perhaps the Cromwellian Commander in Chief greatest grain market in Scotland. of Scotland Lieutenant General Employment in Dalkeith was Monk, became linked closely with mainly craftsmen including Dalkeith, with his leasing of weavers, dyers, tailors, butchers, Dalkeith Palace and park. Troops candle makers, masons, bakers, were often quartered in the town, brewers and farmers. much to the annoyance of local people who were required to accommodate them.

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28 Dalkeith’s population was 4,366 Dalkeith’s prosperity was the in 1790 compared with 3,110 in building for the wealthy in the mid 1755, a significant increase. to late nineteenth century of housing in the large suburb of 29 Visitors to Dalkeith commented Eskbank which has its elegant favourably on the townscape. villas in a spacious landscaped Daniel Defoe wrote in 1724 that layout. “The town is spacious and well built, and was the better, no doubt, 32 Royalty came to stay at Dalkeith for the neighbourhood of so many House which was preferred to nobleman’s and gentleman’s Holyrood by King George IV houses of such eminence in the (1820 – 1830), and he stayed in neighbourhood.” St Nicholas 1822. Queen Victoria stayed on a Church was still the dominant number of occasions. visual feature, but the steeple had to be replaced due to its poor The Twentieth Century condition. 33 The street pattern of Dalkeith’s 30 By the end of the century a charity historic centre, including the High workhouse had been set up to Street and its immediate environs house forty inmates. There was a has remained relatively grammar school located behind unchanged. However, the town the parish church which is has expanded considerably considered to be one of the most through Local Authority and celebrated in the country with private housing development built many well known students largely to the south and outwith including John Adam (the the conservation area. architect William Adam’s son and himself an architect), the Scottish- 34 The decline in coal mining, led to born Philadelphian architect the development of industrial Robert Smith and possibly the estates such as Thornybank on the engraver of Edinburgh life John periphery of the town, now Kay. There were some good themselves in decline. The town’s buildings constructed during the status as an shopping centre has eighteenth century, such as those also declined, although there are at Nos 1-5 London Road, currently proposals to reverse this reflecting that for some sections of trend through redevelopment of Dalkeith society life was part of the town centre around increasingly genteel. Eskdaill Court and White Hart Street. The Nineteenth Century 35 Midlothian Council and Dalkeith 31 Dalkeith entered the nineteenth Business Renewal (a local century as a prosperous market organisation dedicated to town, and this is exemplified by improving the trading situation the building in 1853 of the largest within the town centre) have been indoor grain market in Scotland at successful in obtaining an award the Corn Exchange, followed by of £1.2m from the Heritage the building of several banks. The Lottery Fund to establish a coming of railways in 1830 Townscape Heritage Improvement linking Edinburgh to Dalkeith scheme which aims to improve the improved communications, and town’s historic buildings and the inns and hotels were built to cater public realm. The Council and for the influx of farmers and grain Dalkeith Business Renewal have merchants. A further result of

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one year to complete proposals to most other settlements, traffic fully secure the award. dominates the environs of the town centre, seriously affecting its 36 The massive increase is the historic and architectural volume of traffic since the Second character. This will be alleviated World War and its needs has in 2008 when the construction of conflicted with the street pattern at the Dalkeith bypass is completed. Dalkeith’s historic core. As in

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Pleasant Dalkeith! With its bonny river, its gardens full of gooseberry bushes and pear trees, its grass parks spotted with sheep, and its grand green woods.

(David Moir, Mansie Wauch)

Setting and Views of the Whole Town

37 Dalkeith developed first along the ridgeline between the two well The ridge line location of Dalkeith is well wooded river valleys of the rivers defined from important viewpoints from North and South Esk. The two the hamlet of Lugton rivers meet in the park of Dalkeith House. The town subsequently Urban Structure expanded down the valley slopes. The whole settlement is very 39 The town centre occupies a wedge visible from the higher ground to of land between the rivers North the south where the town can be and South Esk, the High Street seen within the wider context of following the ridge line on a its relationship to Edinburgh and a north-east to south-west backcloth of hills including alignment. For much of its Arthur’s Seat and the Pentland existence the town was little more Hills. than a high street extending from the gates of Dalkeith House. The 38 Closer, there are important views East High Street is wide and in of the town from the hamlet of earlier days accommodated large Lugton and Lugton Brae to the markets. The essential form of the north-west. The ridge line medieval high street has survived, location of the centre of old dominated by St Nicholas’ Dalkeith is well defined from this Church. On the south side of the viewpoint with the backs of the street the burgage plots are still tall tenements running along the well defined stretching back to St High Street. The church spires of Andrew’s Street. The town St Nicholas, St John’s and King’s subsequently extended to the Park and the Buccleuch (or West south-west in a period of Church) dominate this profile. Victorian prosperity eventually reaching the spacious suburb of Eskbank.

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40 The A68 trunk road runs through the Glebe, Grannies Park and the centre of the town to the possible extensions to the crossing points of the two rivers at conservation area at Croft Street Bridgend and Newmills and and-Lugton. development extended along this route. This road which originally Building Types that Comprise brought prosperity has now the General Character of the brought congestion to the town Area centre. At the time of writing a Dalkeith bypass is to be 43 With its magnificent Duke’s constructed which will remove residence and excellent burgh much heavy through traffic from buildings there is a strong sense of the town centre. Dalkeith House history to Dalkeith, the town and Park Conservation Area abuts growing from the gates of the Eskbank and Ironmills Dalkeith House and almost Conservation Area to the west and immediately opening into the lies close to the Newbattle widest part of the East High Conservation in the south. There Street, once one of Scotland’s is currently a proposal to extend busiest market places. The the conservation area to include narrower High Street still contains the Croft Street area which a predominance of 19th century contains a number of listed stone buildings with mainly slated buildings. Croft Street is an roofs, the doors and windows attractive gently curved street. having vertical proportions. Here Buildings date from the early 19th the frontages of the individual century (the former tannery buildings are still comparatively sympathetically converted to tall and narrow and are divided by housing) to the 20th century. Some vennels along the lines of the old new housing maintains an rigg pattern. The East High Street appropriate scale and character. is most altered towards the On the south side mostly Dalkeith House end with much substantial 20th century school early and mid 20th century buildings including the Queen tenement housing although some Anne style King’s Park Primary 18th century vernacular building School of 1903. survives at Brunton’s Close. There are some important groups of 41 Consideration is also being given buildings of suitable scale and to extending the conservation area presence here and these are dealt to include the hamlet of Lugton to with in more detail below. The the north. Lugton contains listed subtle curves in throughout the and other attractive buildings High Street and East High Street including the walled garden within contribute to the character of the the policies of Dalkeith House. town centre affording views of the elevations 42 The Dalkeith House and Park Conservation Area comprises two 44 In the East High Street the main sections. The first is housing is punctuated by a Dalkeith House and its number of buildings of note. surrounding policies. The second These are: the Corn Exchange, the is the adjoining, although visually Cross Keys Hotel, the Tolbooth separate, urban centre of the burgh and, closer to the town centre, the of Dalkeith. The second part may two matching blocks at Tait be further sub divided into the Street. On the opposite side of the following character zones: the road St Nicholas church East High Street, the High Street, dominates the street.

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49 The public realm within the town 45 The High Street is the commercial centre has also declined in quality heart of the town and again and does not set off its buildings contains a preponderance of to their best advantage. largely three storey housing and Improvements through the offices with shops to the ground widening of pavements, the use of floors. The two late 20th century higher quality materials and traffic bank buildings respect the grain of calming would return the public the town, one modern but realm to the pedestrian and employing traditional materials, increase safety and the general the other of more traditional amenity of the town centre. Such design but with some improvements could be contemporary detailing. There are undertaken in the High Street, some significant shop fronts such South Street and the East High as Nos. 10 and 12, No. 10 Street. These would improve currently the offices of the views towards 67-93 High Street Midlothian Advertiser. 11-27 South Street, 100-134 High Street, St Nicholas church, the 46 The Croft Street area contains Tolbooth, the Cross Keys hotel, much good 19th and 20th century the Corn Exchange and St stone built housing of pleasing Nicholas church. This work proportions. Significant buildings should be undertaken in here are the 19th century Old association with the opening of Fairfield House and the 20th the Dalkeith A68 bypass which century Midlothian House both will reduce traffic within the town local government offices, King’s centre. Park primary school and St John’s and King’s Park church. 50 St Nicholas church provides the focal point in the East High Street. 47 Significant buildings within the The church is already undergoing Townscape Heritage Initiative restoration and repair of the boundary are all listed. Medieval apse is to commence shortly. A garden to the rear of the Opportunities for Change church yard is likely to be landscaped and brought into better 48 The building facades that line use. The open areas on the East Dalkeith Street and East High High Street to the front of the Street are generally of good church should be improved. materials and design quality. They should be making much more of 51 The open space at the Town Gates an impression on the street scene which lead from the East High than they do. This is largely Street to Dalkeith House and Park because maintenance has been requires to be made more poor, architectural detail has been welcoming to improve the lost or not painted to advantage relationship between town and and windows have been replaced park. unsympathetically. Contemporary shop fronts are often not well 52 Although the vennels within the designed and are constructed of town centre provide convenient inappropriate materials. A pedestrian access they are comprehensive and co-ordinated unattractive in appearance and facade improvement scheme require better lighting. The paving should be promoted including a should be improved and their shop front improvement scheme. walls properly treated. Lighting

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should be installed to a high appropriate town centre standard. redevelopment.

53 There are unoccupied buildings 55 Grannies Park is an area of low within the town centre in lying land adjacent to the river Buccleuch Street and Edinburgh North Esk. It is currently the home Road and unoccupied space above of various industrial uses. first floor level in the High Street. Nonetheless the area has potential Both should be brought into use. as part of the long distance Esk footpath and might be developed 54 The garage in Edinburgh Road is rather more for informal now a non-conforming use. The recreational uses with better opportunity exists for site access formed to the town centre. assembly here to provide an

Dalkeith House and Policies

Setting and Views

56 Dalkeith house itself is set on higher ground above the North Esk. The parkland and avenues were laid out to provide vistas from the house although many of these are now closed by the growth of trees over the passage of time. Recently the vista to the The vista from Dalkeith House to the Mayfield/Tranent ridge has been Mayfield/Tranent ridge has recently been re-opened re-opened. Views into the

designed landscape are largely Urban Structure limited by the three metre high

park walls, but the fine mixed 57 A designed landscape set within deciduous woodlands are visible the valleys of the rivers North and from many parts of the South Esk which join within the surrounding higher ground. This is policies. The landscape is particularly so from the roads and focussed on Dalkeith House but is other public places on the north also designed to set off the and south sides of the town centre. numerous ancilliary buildings

within the policies, notably: the stable block, the laundry, the conservatory, various bridges and gates.

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Key Buildings

Dalkeith House 18th century, one of its premier classical houses and one of the earliest classical facades in Scotland.

Conservatory 12-sided ornate conservatory with rich strapwork panels. William Burn with W S Gilpin who designed the surrounding formal parterre no longer in existence.

Dark Walk Gateway 18th century wrought ironwork. and Walls

Ice House Late 18th century, cavernous, ovoid ice well.

Laundry Bridge 18th century, two keystoned arches.

Laundry House Early 19th century, simple, classical building.

Stable and Coach House 1740, William Adam. Plan U-plan with clock and belfry added by William Burn.

Montagu Bridge 1792, designed by Robert Adam but built by his brother and Cauld James.

St Mary’s Church 1843-5 by William Burn and David Bryce. Early English with a sumptious interior with double hammerbeam roof.

Dalkeith House 1794, James Playfair. Piers with flute tops and iron tripods. Town Gates

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Landscape Character including Architectural Character the policy buildings

58 Rebuilt in the early 18th century 59 The conservation area here is from one of Scotland’s greatest bounded by the rivers North and Renaissance palaces, Dalkeith is South Esk. These enclose the one of Scotland’s premier ancient Dalkeith oak woodlands of classical houses and one of its both sessile and pedunculate oaks. earliest classical facades. Anne, The age of most of the trees dates Duchess of Buccleuch, returned from 300 years although it is from England in c.1701 to rebuild known that these have seeded the house. James Smith was the from older trees dating back to the architect. He removed the south- Caledonian Forest. The woods, eastern courtyard wall of the old which are still regenerating, have palace to form a U-plan mansion been designated a Site of Special with an enormous tetrastyle Scientific Interest. centrepiece of giant Corinthian pilasters. The interior possesses an 60 The designed landscape extends oak-panelled entrance saloon, a along both river valleys and was marble stair hall, and impressive set out to provide vistas from the suites of oak-panelled rooms, house. The mixed-age woodlands among the grandest in Scotland. at Dalkeith have been considered They include chimney pieces by as fine as the more ornamental Grinling Gibbons. James Playfair elements of the gardens. The added the bow window to the ornamental plantings were famous library in 1786. in the mid 19th century when Charles McIntosh, former gardener to the King of the Belgians, became head gardener at Dalkeith. Of particular note is the Dark Walk, a double avenue leading south-east from the house. To the north is a round-point leading to the South Esk. Opposite this, on the other side of the river, are more radial blocks of planting leading to a main north-east avenue. Opposite the house, on the west bank of the North Esk is a further area of formal planting. All this dates from the 18th century. The buildings contained within the conservation area are: the conservatory, stables and coach house, the laundry house, the Town Lodge, and the Dark

Walk gates. The walled garden Dalkeith House has one of Scotlands comes within the proposed earliest classical facades extension of the conservation area to include Lugton. The structure of the landscape remains similar today.

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The area to the east of the conservation area comprises open fields grazed by cattle. The topography of the area is largely undulating with some flatter areas in the parklands and steeper slopes adjacent to the two rivers.

62 The park is included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland where it is noted as having outstanding value. The park lies within an Area of Great Landscape Value.

Issues

Important buildings within Dalkeith 63 The house, presently used by the Park include the Orangarie (above) University of Wisconsin as a and the Laundry House (below) Scottish base, would benefit from

having a less institutional use that 61 The area is very rural in character maximises it quality, setting and and is dominated by the extensive location. mixed deciduous and coniferous

woodlands. The woodlands 64 The areas within Dalkeith House enclose areas of parkland, some of policies are outstanding as a work which have individual parkland of art and in terms of nature trees. The woodlands are very conservation. They have a high well managed. As a rule they have scenic and horticultural value. a good age structure with trees of They are of immense historical all sizes present as well as interest and provide a setting for a significant areas of natural large number of outstanding regeneration. There are significant buildings. Although the famous groups of trees adjacent to St gardens of the 18th and 19th Mary’s Episcopal Church and the centuries have been gradually lost, two mature cedars adjacent to the the main structure of the designed stable block are particularly fine. landscape has been managed and

improved over the years and the ancient oaks have been protected. The structure of the landscape should be substantially preserved as being of important design and historical interest.

Enhancement Opportunities

65 The landscape structure should continue to be improved. The landscape would be improved by the removal of the office block situated on the approach to the Two mature ceders adjacent to house from the Town Gates. The Dalkeith Stables conservatory which is currently in

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a ruinous condition, should be a encourages replanting and prime candidate for restoration. restocking of woodlands with The repair of the stables and coach native broadleaf species. It is house should continue and they likely that these conifer stands should continue to be brought into will be gradually restocked with more positive use. There are native mixed broadleaf trees. currently proposals by the The view to Dalkeith House from Buccleuch Estate to improve both the far end of the Dark Walk is policies and buildings . The blocked by a timber gate which woodlands are currently very well prevents views of the house. A managed, although there are gate which allowed a view would surprisingly large stands of larch. be more desirable. Forestry Commission policy now

The East High Street opening out again into the Setting and Views spacious suburb of Eskbank.

66 The East High Street is the oldest Urban Structure part of the town and formed the core of the medieval burgh. The 67 The East High Street remains street begins at New Edinburgh essentially a medieval street in Road and terminates at Dalkeith pattern with a significant number House park gates. Views to either of 18th and early 19th century side are generally limited by the buildings still in place. The east three-storey tenement blocks end was much re-built in the early which enclose the space although 20th century. A substantial market the truncated base of the former was held here in what was military watch tower at the end of originally called “the Great Road”. Hunt Close offers attractive views over Dalkeith House and its policies. Differing roof heights add interest to the street scene. The view to the north-east is firmly and finely closed by the Dalkeith House Town Gates. To the south-west the view towards the 19th century town is closed by a gentle curve. Beyond this the High Street narrows before

The East High Street retains an essentially medieval pattern

Key Buildings

95-97 High Street Early 19th century, three storey, five bay tenement of ashlar sandstone. Shop fronts with timber ionic pilasters.

99-103 High Street Late 18th century, three storey, five bay tenement, harled with painted stone margins. Includes a late

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19th century shop front, flat arches and consoled cornice.

105-111 High Street Early 19th century, three storey, five bay tenement, of ashlar sandstone.

113 High Street Three storey, three bay tenement of ashlar sandstone.

Brunton’s Close 18th century at right angles to the street along the old rig 115 High Street pattern.

St Nicholas Church Dating from the 15th century, an impressive burgh church recast in 1855 by David Bryce and William Burn. The unroofed Gothic choir is the third oldest in Scotland.

131-137 High Street Mid 19th century, three storey blocks. Glazed pend.

153-155 High Street R. J. Naismith, 1959. Three storey, traditionally influenced L-plan tenement. Sandstone with some harl.

161-163 High Street Mid 18tth century, three storey with attic, four bay, harled tenement.

165-169 High Street 1937. Scots tenement block by Andrew Forrester.

Militia House Early 19th century with octagonal stair 175 High Street tower

Dalkeith Park House 1833-34, by William Burn, two storey Jacobean baronial in stugged ashlar for the Duke of Buccleuch’s chamberlain who ran Dalkeith.

100-134 High Street 19th century tenements with shops.

128-134 and 140-142 Matching early 19th century bowed blocks on either High Street side of Tait Street.

Tolbooth Late 17th century. Ashlar frontage and rusticated quoins.

176-180 High Street Bolection-moulded doorpiece. Onetime administrative quarters of the town.

Cross Keys Hotel Georgian, c.1804. Built by the Duke of Bucceluch. 182 High Street Channelled base with Doric pilastered doorpiece. Carriage pend at the right.

196-198 High Street c. 1935 gabled tenement building by T Aikman Swan. 16 bays in exemplary grey and pink snecked masonry.

Corn Exchange 1853, by David Cousin. Twin-gabled

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200 High Street Jacobean with double hammerbeam roof.

212-214 High Street 1956 by R J Naismith, narrows the street.

228-230 High Street Early 18th century three storey tenement. Scrolled skewputs at the end gables and on the wall-head gables.

Architectural Character the buildings is substantial (three storey tenemental housing) but not 68 The East High Street retains its oppressive due to the width of the medieval plan, but at its east end street. The early 20th century contains largely 20th century housing retains the scale, housing. There are a number of proportions and enclosure of the earlier survivors notably the Corn earlier buildings and continues the Exchange, the Cross Keys Hotel use of stone and slate. The and the Tolbooth which are all key footprint of the tenement and buildings. At its west end the 19th burgage plots, divided by the century commerce takes over. Set vennels remains although the backs to the houses provide burgage plots have been largely interest to the street, as do the key built over at various periods up to buildings but it is St Nicholas the 20th century. Massing and church that dominates. Composition. A continuous street frontage straight onto the pavement with articulation achieved by certain blocks being advanced and differences in height. Walls are predominantly of squared, dressed and coursed sandstone, sometimes with ashlar dressings. Nos 196-198 set the standard with exemplary snecked grey and pink masonry. Others such as No 115 are random rubble with squared quoins. Some walls are harled.

St Nicholas church

69 Building Types and Use. Mostly residential with a few shops, offices, a number of public houses, hotels and other town centre commercial uses. The church and churchyard of St Nicholas occupy a large part of the north western side. Scale of

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Rainwater Goods. The original cast iron half round gutter has frequently been retained although a number have been replaced with plastic replicas. Occasionally there is guttering with an ogee section. Details. There are a number of attractive details. Among these are: the plaques on the Corn Exchange and the Tolbooth, the bellcote on the former, the moulded doorcase on the latter and the thistle-finialled dormerheads at Nos 165-169.

(Above) Snecked grey and pink masonry and sash and case windows at No 196-198 (Below) Random rubble and square quoins at No 115

Doors on the older buildings are close boarded or panelled. Windows. Windows are almost always sash and case with astragals many with the original fenestration. Roofs are Scots slate Plaque on the Corn Exchange some with cat-slide dormers and

Dutch gables, others with crow- Floorscape. Setts have been step gables. Gables are retained as the road surface at the predominant most frequently sides of the High Street. parallel with the street the Important Spaces. The whole occasional one at right angles. The length of the East High Street is roofscape (roofs have steep an important space historically pitches) is an important part of and visually and a place of some Dalkeith’s townscape giving much presence. Street Furniture. Street visual interest. The Corn lighting is of a standard nature Exchange roof is finished with with tall lamp standards. ornamental clay ridge tiles topped

with fleur-de-lis. Chimneys are The Corn Exchange often prominent and contribute to

the interest of the street scene. 70 The Corn Exchange (Category A)

at 200 High Street remains a key building for the East High Street although slightly set back from the main street frontage. Nonetheless the Jacobean style twin gables and hood-moulded entrance provide a focus to this part of the street. The architect was David Cousin in 1853. The building was built by public subscription becoming the The roofscape is an important part of largest indoor grain market in Dalkeith’s townscape. Scotland. It was opened on 10

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August 1854. Above the door the and café and also for document Buccleuch armorial panel storage. It is extremely desirable proclaims “The earth is the Lord’s that this magnificent interior space and the fulness thereof, Thou is brought back into a proper use crownest the year with Thy that has a strong element of public goodness.” Above again is a access. The owner has indicated bellcote. Inside: one long (52m) that his proposals would allow for open hall (reaching a height of this. 10m) runs straight through to St Andrew Street at the rear. A Buildings Adjacent to the Corn spectacular double hammerbeam Exchange: 186 - 230 High Street roof covers this space. On the and 153 - 177 High Street street side: a gallery with barley- twist balusters gives access to the 72 The Corn Exchange is set within a two large rooms on the first floor. group of buildings that has important group value within the 71 The Exchange has an interesting East High Street. These high and history. It is recorded that some imposing stone-built buildings 1,000 carts lined the East High have a height and solidity that Street on market day. The suits the width of the street. inconvenience of this trading Immediately to the right (Nos. arrangement led to the building of 196-198) is a 16-bay tenement the Exchange, one of the largest (Category B) of c.1935 by Major halls of its kind in the country. Thomas Aikman-Swan. This long Buyers of oats and beans were and pleasantly articulated building directed to depart from the west is of an exemplary snecked, grey door and those of barley and and pink masonry construction wheat from that on the east side. with Dutch gables and swept The decline of Dalkeith’s dormers. Unusually the original agricultural prosperity did not fenestration has entirely survived. however diminish the importance Next to this at Nos. 190-194 of the building and it became a (Category B) is a later 19th focal point for social activities, century three-storey, four-bay meetings and political events. The terraced tenement of squared and most famous of the last was a snecked sandstone rubble with meeting during the Midlothian stugged ashlar dressings. Regular Campaign addressed by William windows, taller at the first floor, Ewart Gladstone. Gladstone sash and case with a variety of challenged the Earl of Dalkeith the glazing patterns. Grey slates to the sitting Conservative member of roof with sawtooth coped skews Parliament for Midlothian. More and skewputts. Next again No. than 3,000 packed themselves into 186 (Category C) is a mid 19th the hall. Winston Churchill in century three-storey, three-bay 1904 also spoke here. In recent tenement with a public house on history the building was a dance the ground floor. Squared and hall before being let by snecked rubble but the ground Midlothian District Council to a floor rendered and painted below firm of engineers. When this use the band course. Tailed ashlar ceased the Council sold the margins and base course. This building. At this point a certain solid, stone-built group with its amount of work was carried out to traditional detailing is all of good make the structure wind and quality and has an appropriate watertight before it was sold again scale and presence in this wide to the current owner who intends part of the street. to use it as an antiques warehouse

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73 To the left hand side of the Corn Street elevation the door is in the Exchange the building line steps centre bay, a pend in the bay to the forward to narrow the street with left. Although this has a modern No. 212-214 (Category B) an concrete keystoned lintel the asymmetrically designed tenement original relieving arch is retained. block (1956) with traditional Regular fenestration but with a detailing by Robert Naismith, the slightly smaller window and Dalkeith burgh architect. This relieving arch to the second floor steps up in three bays from a left of the centre bay. Gabled wallhead hand two storey block to a centre stack in centre bay, with coped stair block then to a three-storey skews and scrolled skewputts. 12- and attic block with crowstepped pane glazing pattern in sash and gables on the right. Swept roofs case windows. Grey slate. The with grey-green slates. The west East High Street now opens out, elevation is of cream sandstone houses set in gardens rather than rubble, the east elevation pebble- tenements hard to the road. A dashed with ashlar dressings. semicircular-coped rubble wall Droved window margins with now runs the length of the tooled tails and smooth quoins and remainder of the street enclosing roll-moulded surrounds to the the garden of the original rectory doors with tripartite windows at of St Mary’s Episcopal church, the the ground floor. The carved panel church itself within the walls of above the door to No 212 depicts the Dalkeith house policies. The scales and sheaves. This building wall contains a postbox ("G VI with its dominant crowstepped R") a detail which contributes to gable fits well with the earlier the character of the street. local authority housing. 76 All these buildings, both to the 74 Immediately next Nos. 216-218 north and south of the Corn (Category C(S)) is a survivor of Exchange, relate closely to their the later 18th century, two-storey, neighbours on the opposite side of three-bay house of white painted the street and form a “B Group” of harl with an ashlar surround to the listed buildings. On both sides the door and slightly raised concrete houses form a continual street margins to windows. Regular frontage of substantial scale and fenestration in the outer bays with are stone built or faced, or harled a window to the left of the centre and have traditional detailing of a bay. 12-pane glazing pattern in Scots character. sash and case windows. A gablehead stack to the north and 77 On the west side of the street the purple-grey slates. important buildings are: 153-155 (Category C(S)) again by Robert J 75 To the north the building line is Naismith in 1959. A three-storey now broken by the forecourt of the asymmetric, traditionally motorcycle garage. When the influenced L-plan tenement with opportunity occurs the building recessed stair bays between the line should be restored. Then bay to the left and right blocks. comes Nos. 228-230 (Category B) Variegated cream sandstone a mid 18th century, three-storey random rubble to the street tenement of three bays with a elevation with the remaining fourth, a former stair, on the outer elevations harled. Ashlar left. Variegated sandstone random dressings. Various sized 12-pane rubble with cherry-caulking; sash and case windows with ashlar dressings and some Naismith’s frequently used concrete repairs. On the High tripartite windows to each floor of

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the crowstepped gabled bay. Roll- 55k Nos. 153-155, 161- moulded door surrounds and 163,165-169186-188,190- boarded doors increase the 194,196-198,200,212-214 and Scottish feel. Grey slates. 216-218 form a “B Group”. Together with 228-230 they form 78 Nos. 161-163 (Category B) is a a coherent and substantial group mid 18th century L-plan tenement of houses of sound construction with an asymmetric octagonal, and Scottish character appropriate polygonal roofed stair tower in the to the East High Street. Further angle at the rear. Now in a slightly north the street becomes more sad condition. Three-stories and open in character and it is the attic with four bays grouped spaces rather than the buildings towards the centre. Harled with that predominate. The rubbly early painted margins and a pilastered 19th century Militia House doorpiece with ashlar lintol in the (Category C(S)) with its harled bay to the left of centre and stair tower is set within a garden regular fenestration. Three as is the somewhat larger Dalkeith piended slate-hung dormers, Park House, also with a tower coped skews and gablehead (No. 177) listed Category B, stacks. Grey slates. To the right 1833-34 designed by William Plummer Court with its oversized Burn. This is a two-storey, gabled, pend is a recent addition. assymetrical Jacobean Baronial house with stables and coach 79 Nos. 165-169 (Category B) is by house, built for the Duke of Andrew Forrester, dated 1937. A Buccleuch’s chamberlain. symmetrical, traditionally- influenced tenement of three- Landscape Character stories with the third storey breaking the eaves. Five-bay 80 This part of the town centre is centre block with recessed two- strongly urban in character with storey, two-bay wings. The street few landscaped open spaces. The elevation of variegated sandstone East High Street though is of random rubble. Ashlar dressings, considerable width and presence raised margins and stugged tails to and is planted in places with a centre block windows and wing mixture of sycamore, cherry, doors, the windows on the second birch, rowan and whitebeam trees floor bolection moulded with which provide a welcome contrast thistle-finialled dormerheads. to the predominantly hard Several decorative relieving surfaces. A more substantial area arches. Roll-moulded surround to of mixed mature planting provides door at centre, inscribed "AD an attractive visual stop at the 1937" with apron above. eastern end of the East High Street Gableheads with coped skews and beyond the Dalkeith Park Town scroll skewputts, the outer corners Gates. The valley slope between corbelled to square at the second the North Esk and the East High floor from the curved corner. Street is heavily treed. This Arrowslit above the doors to the woodland contributes significantly outer bays. Gablehead stacks but to the setting of the East High on the ridge in the centre block. Street when viewed from higher This continues the bulk and style ground to the north-west. of the earlier housing development. Described in Issues Buildings of the Lothians as “mildly Scottish”. 81 In the East High Street the urban space and the materials and the

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quality of the buildings combine to produce a street which has many attractive qualities which should be more positively recognised. The medieval street plan of the of the East High Street and the development of its backlands along the lines of the old burgage plots is important. The burgage pattern has often been lost to redevelopment but where this remains it is a visible The Cross Keys Hotel and the testimony to the history of the Tollbooth town and adds to its character, as at Brunton’s Close. This pattern 83 The landscape of the East High should be respected in future Street could be made more redevelopment. To date the 19th attractive and pedestrian friendly and 20th century architecture, through improved surfacing and through the use of appropriate appropriate hard and soft scale and materials, has landscaping. This could especially appreciated the quality of the be undertaken in the area around street and this should continue. In St Nicholas church which would particular the existing scale, enhance both the setting of the proportion, and materials of the church and the street itself. The buildings should be respected. area immediately outwith Dalkeith Park gates would likewise benefit. Enhancement Opportunities An improved quality of street lighting could be installed in both 82 Improvements are required to the places, the setts being retained. following key buildings: The Corn Both Caruso’s Restaurant and the Exchange, the Cross Keys Hotel area to the front of the building and the Tolbooth. Although the severely detract from the amenity backland areas contain some of the area and require potentially attractive buildings improvement. The GP Autos they are frequently in a run down Ironmills garage and its forecourt condition and are yet to be are not the most suitable use in sensitively and satisfactorily this part of the town centre. improved. The former Manse Consideration should be given in garden to the rear of the the longer term to the churchyard is a potentially redevelopment of this part where attractive public space which the opportunity exists for some needs a proper layout. site assembly. There are overhead wires here that should preferably be undergrounded.

The High Street

Setting and Views curve of the road and the form of the buildings which enclose this. 84 There are important views from the East High Street towards the Urban Structure High Street and from the High Street to the East High Street. 85 Beyond the New Edinburgh Road These are contained by the slight the now narrowed High Street

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continues south to the Old The North Wynd car park has Edinburgh Road and Buccleuch been inserted to the north of the Street. Between Edinburgh Road High Street and is less intrusive and Buccleuch Street the High for being absorbed into the slope Street is largely open to the 1960s on two levels. Vennels provide Jarnac Court shopping pedestrian routes to the High development. This part of the Street. street is the commercial heart of the town. Immediately adjacent to the Old Edinburgh Road is the Old Cemetery with its watch tower. This is a tranquil area affording some interesting views to the rear of the High Street properties and the Buccleuch (or West ) Church.

Key Buildings

1-3 High Street c. 1800. Two storey and attic. Three bay house with two and 1 Old Edinburgh shops at ground. Squared and coursed and random rubble Road with droved ashlar dressings.

69-71 High Street John Menzies. Ornate brackets to the shopfront with anthemion decoration.

75 High Street Early 19th century pediment nicely closes the vista from South Street.

77-91 High Street Key group of 19th century shops and tenements.

93 High Street Baronial corner block which nicely turns the corner of the High Street and New Edinburgh Road.

10-12 1906. Originally a drapers with saloons behind the large windows in the polished granite façade.

2 High Street c. 18th century, double gabled Blossom Garden restaurant.

11 South Street Flat-iron block.

21-27 South Street Georgian façade and shop fronts.

Architectural Character Court in the 1960s. There are some high quality buildings along 86 The High Street is the commercial the street frontage but many have centre of Dalkeith, largely been altered unsympathetically developed in the 19th century. The and there have been a number of buildings included within the unfortunate 20th century conservation area face the open intrusions. pedestrian area created by Jarnac

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87 Building Types and Use. Shops Building Groups at the South and other town centre commercial End of the High Street: 1-43 uses with housing and sometimes High Street offices on the upper floors. Scale of the buildings varies from two to 89 There is an important group of three storeys with attics, with buildings at the south end of the many elevations demonstrating High Street where it joins with the good scale and proportion. Old Edinburgh Road. All four lie Massing and Composition. A within the Townscape Heritage continuous street frontage straight Initiative area. They are the onto the pavement. Interest is Harrow Hotel (Category C(S)), provided through the varying the Blossom Garden restaurant height of the buildings and the (Category C(S)), and the former curve of the road. There is a Council buildings (Category B). dominant tall gable at Nos 37-39. Also Nos. 1-3 High Street (Category C(S)): a building of around 1800. This is the first in a series of largely stone faced good facades that line this south end of the High Street nicely closing the view to the south from the town centre. Nos 1-3 is a two-storey and attic, three-bay house with two shops on the ground floor. Squared and coursed rubble to High Street elevation, the Dominant gable at Nos 37-39 remaining elevations of random rubble. Droved ashlar dressings. 88 Walls are predominantly of Raised cills and quoins. Base squared, dressed and coursed course. A late 19th century shop sandstone, sometimes with ashlar front to the right (continuing dressings. Windows are across No 5 High Street) with frequently sash and case but many recessed door (No 3) to left; require their astragals to be boarded apron and iron canopy replaced and there are numerous fixtures. Late 19th century Art UPVC replacements. Roofs. The Nouveau detailed, taller shop front roof coverings are Scots slate the to left with recessed door at centre steep pitches making then highly (No 1 High Street); multi-pane visible. Chimneys are often fanlight to glazed door with prominent and contribute much to flowing tracery detail at top; the interest of the street scene geometric tiled floor to vestibule from the longer views. Rainwater and timber shop gate; dentilled Goods. Most are cast iron. cornice, moulded flowing Details. There are a number of curvillinear stem detail to fascia; attractive details especially on wrought-iron bracket fixture to shop fronts where timber pilasters left. Regular fenestration at 1st and ornate brackets have survived. floor, close under the eaves. Old Street Furniture. Street lighting Edinburgh Road elevation: two- is of a standard nature with tall bay corniced fascia continuing lamp standards sometimes fixed to from east elevation and detailed the buildings. As programmes similarly. Two plate glass display allow these might be replaced with windows in right bay; left bay a lantern of more sympathetic painted with margined entrance design. (No 1 Old Edinburgh Road) to house passage. Two windows to

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right and left of centre at first gablehead stacks to the north. floor. Attic window off-centre to Grey slates. left, with wrought-iron window guard. Variety of small-pane and Nos. 15-17 High Street (Category plate glass glazing patterns in C(S)). Earlier 19th century two- largely sash and case windows. storey and attic, three-bay former Coped skews and crowstepped house now with two late19th stack to the south. Grey slates. century pilaster-flanked shop This is an important building fronts on the ground floor. These because of its age, character and have panelled aprons, doors in the location immediately on the street outer bays and plate glass corner. windows in the centre. Finely droved ashlar, raised painted cills, 90 Nos. 5-7 High Street (Category angle margins, eaves cornice and C(S)). Earlier 19th century, two leaded blocking course. Regular storeys and attic, four-bay former fenestration at the first floor. house on ground falling to rear with shop at ground. Droved 92 Nos. 37-39 High Street (Category ashlar to the High Street elevation C(S)). A significant departure in painted at the ground. Base, band the street scene from the previous and eaves courses. Flush panelled vernacular and Georgian door with 4-pane letterbox buildings. This is a three-storey, fanlight in bay to outer right; plain two-bay gabled tenement with late 19th century shop front in shop at ground by Charles Henry three bays to left, iron canopy Greig, 1906. Cream sandstone fixtures. Regular fenestration at rubble with red sandstone ashlar 1st floor, blind window in bay to dressings, the south elevation left of centre. Largely 12-pane harled and rendered. Polished glazing pattern in sash and case granite base course. Lintel course windows, later wooden mullioned at the first floor; cill course at the two-light replacement window in second. Moulded lozenge details outer right bay at first floor to the to the left and right at the first east. Canted and piended slate- floor with a narrow band course hung dormer window off-centre to above. The door to the house at left to the east, and rooflight to the No. 39 house is set within a right. Coped skew to the south. slightly recessed narrow bay to the Stacks removed. Grey slates. right. Window on both the first and second floors above. Rounded 91 Nos. 9-13 High Street Category corners to broad main bay and a C(S)). Earlier 19th century, three- modern shop front below the storeys and attic, four-bay original timber boarded frieze and tenement on falling ground with consoled cornice. Recessed, two modern shop fronts at the round-arched panel above with ground floor. Ashlar facade, cill cavetto surround over a two-storey courses at first and second floor. canted oriel window; ashlar apron Eaves cornice and blocking between the windows, cornice and course. Regular fenestration at 1st piended slate roof above window and 2nd floors. Replacement at 2nd floor. Plate glass glazing glazing on the High Street pattern in the casement windows. elevation. Canted and piended Apex detail, coped skews and slate-hung dormer window to the mannered ashlar panelled skew front. Coped skews. Ashlar blocks with moulded detail to the truncated gablehead stack to the gable. Harled, tapered wallhead south, broad rendered and lined stack.

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93 No. 41 High Street (Category course between fascia and 1st (C(S)). A survivor of the 18th floor cills. Lintel course at eaves century, a three-storey, five-bay level. Eaves cornice. Keystoned tenement with modern shop fronts and moulded depressed-arched at the ground floor. Harled with pend (Wilson's Close West) in bay red sandstone ashlar dressings and to outer left. Decorative late 19th raised margins. Lintel course at century shop front divisions the eaves level. Regularly retained, comprised of 3 panelled disposed fenestration to first and piers dividing irregular bays, each second floors; taller windows at with carved panels and paired the first floor, blind windows in consoles. Regularly disposed centre bay. 12-pane glazing fenestration at 1st and 2nd floors, pattern in sash and case windows. with outer left bay spaced widely Skewputt on the left. Roofed with to left. Broad tripartite windows in purple slates. inner bays to each floor. Plate glass glazing pattern in sash and 94 No. 43 High Street (Category case windows. Coped skews. (C(S)). Earlier 19th century, three- Harled gablehead stack to S, stack storey, two-bay corner tenement to N removed. Grey slates. This with modern shop front to street. building could be much improved Finely droved ashlar with raised through better maintenance, cills. Eaves cornice and blocking proper painting of the shop façade course. Regular fenestration at 1st and bringing the top floor into use. and 2nd floors. Largely 12-pane This and most of the shop fronts glazing pattern in sash and case to the north retain their original windows. Half-piended roof, shop fronts all of which could be abutted by broad truncated set off to much greater advantage rendered stack to the south. Grey within the street scene. slates. 96 No. 75 High Street (Category B). Building Groups Facing South An especially important building Street: 67-93 High Street to the townscape closing the view from South Street. Earlier 19th 95 This is another significant series century three-storey, two-bay of continuous facades at a main classical pedimented tenement road junction in the heart of the with shop at ground. Droved town centre closing the view to ashlar, raised margins and quoins the north from South Street. No. with string course above 2nd 93 provides a focal point by floor. Earlier 20th century shop expertly turning the corner at the front at ground with door to right New Edinburgh Road as does No. and window to left. Regularly 75 facing South Street. Nos. 67-71 disposed fenestration at 1st and High Street (Category B). An 2nd floors. Moulded pediment important and dominating breaking blocking course with building for the town centre now lunette window; corniced die at occupied by W H Smith, apex. Sash and case windows with newsagents. Earlier 19th century, plate glass glazing pattern. Slate three-storey, four-bay (irregular) roof. Gablehead stacks. tenement with modern shop fronts included at ground. Stugged 97 Nos. 77-79 High Street (Category squared and coursed rubble; C(S)). Earlier 19th century. three- rendered and painted masonry storey, three-bay terraced around shop fronts; ashlar tenement with shop on the ground dressings and mullions. Droved floor. Harled with painted raised raised margins. Base course. Band margins. Squared pend opening

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(Miller's Close). Modern shop floors: blind windows in the front in remaining bays with door centre bay, ashlar mullioned to left. Regular fenestration at 1st tripartite in outer bays. Plate glass and 2nd floors. Modern glazing glazing pattern in sash and case pattern in replacement windows. windows. Skew and rendered Coped skew, intercepted by stack to the north. Grey slates. gabled facade of No 75 High Street. Grey slates, with diamond 100 No. 87 High Street. (Category motif in centre of the east pitch. C(S)) Earlier 19th century, three- storey, two-bay terraced tenement 98 No. 81 High Street (Category with shop at ground. Squared and C(S)). Earlier 19th century three- coursed rubble; ashlar dressings. storey and attic, two-bay terraced Raised margins and angle tenement with shop at ground. margins. Eaves course and Ashlar. Base course. Raised cills. cornice. Modern timber-clad shop Moulded band course between front, with door to left, first and second floors, eaves intercepting 1st floor cills. cornice and blocking course, each Regular fenestration at 1st and continuous with Nos. 83 and 85 2nd floors. Plate glass glazing High Street. Late 19th century pattern in sash and case windows. shop front with Corinthian Truncated stack to the south. pilasters and cornice intercepting Coped skews. Purple slates. the firts floor cills; two plate glass windows flanking a central 101 Nos. 89-91 High Street Category recessed doorway. Regular C(S)). Earlier 19th century, fenestration at 1st and 2nd floors. reconstructed 1990. Three-storey, Plate glass glazing pattern in sash narrow three-bay (2-1) tenement, and case windows. Piended canted formerly with shop at ground. dormer window, with two and Ashlar. Cill course at 1st floor. four-pane glazing pattern centrally Moulded band course between placed. Coped skews. Broad first and second floors. Eaves rendered stack to the north. Grey cornice and blocking course. Bays slates to steeply pitched roof. to centre and right at first and second floor slightly advanced. 99 Nos. 83-85 High Street (Category Segmental-arched pend entrance B). Earlier 19th century, three- in bay to left with moulded impost storey, three-bay terraced blocks, boarded; ground floor tenement with shop at ground. boarded. Regularly disposed Stugged ashlar, painted at ground. fenestration to first and second Raised margins and quoins. Lintel floors. Plate glass glazing pattern course at eaves level. Moulded in sash and case windows. Coped band course between first and skews. Gablehead stack to the second floors, eaves cornice and south. Grey slates. Original blocking course, each continuous rainwater goods. with No. 81 High Street. l6-bay; original symmetrical five-bay 102 No. 93 High Street (Category B). shop front: pend with panelled 1870 by Peddie and Kinnear. A fanlight in outer right bay; double key building which turns the door, with two-leaf panelled outer corner of the High Street and the doors, to centre of shop front, New Edinburgh Road in an flanked by paired windows; earlier exemplary manner. Three-storey 20th century wrought-iron and attic Baronial corner building. window guards; plain consoled Lightly stugged and snecked cornice. Regularly disposed ashlar to ground and first floors on fenestration at first and second the High Street elevation and

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corner, remaining floors and corner block, one of a matching elevations squared and snecked pair on either side of Tait Street. rubble; ashlar dressings. Base These date from c.1828 and were course. Moulded string course at the start of a Georgian first floor. Stepped corbel court at development that was never second floor. Eaves cornice. continued. The corner, facing Chamfered reveals. Gablet windows are Tuscan column- crowsteps to gables. Shouldered mullioned, tripartite bow windows corner entrance with two-leaf at the first and second floors over panelled door on chamfered the door. There are three bays both corner; surmounted by two-storey to the High Street and Tait Street, corbelled turret with bowed the corner bay slightly recessed. tripartite windows. Conical turret Finely droved ashlar, channelled roof with slender iron finial. at the ground floor. Band course at Gabled (finial missing). 3 the ground with cill course at first segmental-arched windows at and second floor. Eaves cornice ground floor with linking and blocking course. The corner hoodmoulds and carved label shop entrance again has Tuscan stops. Bipartite window to left and columns supporting a cornice and window to right at 1st floor. 2 blocking course. Decorative central segmental-arched windows wrought-iron window-guards to at 2nd floor. Slit in gablehead. windows at the second floor. No. Dated panel, "1870", at centre 1 Tait Street continues with a half- between 1st and 2nd floors. "PK" consoled (heavily carved), inscribed on right skewputt. To corniced canopy above the door New Edinburgh Road: a gable on the left of the elevation, the with slit to left , intercepted by remainder of the tenement coped set-off stack corbelled from stretching down Tait Street.. the firts floor. A blank panel at the first floor and a segmental-arched 104 Between the two corners No. 138 window at the second. High Street (unlisted), a tall, Hoodmoulded door (No. 1 narrow, plain and single gabled, Edinburgh Road) with large plate early 20th century building. The glass fanlight to outer right. Two shop front occupies the entire windows at the ground floor, width of the ground floor. Two segmental-arched to left. Various symmetrically spaced windows at sized windows to right at 1st and the first floor, a central bipartite 2nd floors. Two, three and four- one on the second. The walls pane plate glass glazing pattern in pebbledashed and the roof of grey sash and case windows. Two slates. This whole composition timber gabled and slate-hung forms what could be a pleasant dormer windows with deep eaves interlude in the High Street were it to right to north pitch, one to right not for the parked cars. to west pitch. Ball finial to north gablehead. Coped stacks, Buildings Adjacent to the gablehead to the south. Grey Corner Blocks at the East High slates. Original octagonal chimney Street and Tait Street: 100-126 can. Original rainwater goods on High Street the east elevation 105 The buildings to the right of the Corner Blocks at the East High Tait Street group form a Street and Tait Street significant continuous facade within the town centre. They are 103 Nos. 140-142 High Street important not only because of (Category B) form a three-storey their intrinsic merit, all being

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listed, but also because they face foliated moulding and carved one of the main entries to the town stops. Regularly disposed from the New Edinburgh Road. fenestration at the first and second The facades are varied in floors, taller windows at 1st floor. character, slightly differing in Round-arched window in the height but maintaining a unity of gablehead with broad bracketted scale and materials. Closer to the cill. Gablet-crowstepped town centre they are more urban gablehead with a deeply corniced in character than their neighbours stack at the apex. Largely sash and in the East High Street. In case windows with a four pane ascending order they are Nos. glazing pattern. 100-128 High Street. 108 Nos. 108-110 High Street 106 Nos. 100-102 High Street (Category B). Earlier 19th (Category B). A moulded panel century, three-storey, three-bay (cartouch bearing shield above) tenement with shop at ground. gives the date 1855 to this three- Squared and coursed rubble; storey, four-bay simple classical finely droved ashlar dressings. bank with Manager's house above. Early 20th century tripartite shop Built for the Clydesdale bank it front, with geometric tile-facing. has remained a bank throughout Base course. Lintel course at its life. Ashlar frontage with the eaves level. Eaves cornice. Raised ground floor elevation now margins. Keystoned round-arched painted. On the ground floor pend entrance to outer left, with basket-arched openings with door and fanlight; shop door modern glazing to the tripartite flanked by plate glass windows to bank front. Consoled dentilled centre and right. Cornice and cornice above the fascia. The pend fascia bearing shop name with on the left leads to White’s Close. small gablet-capped mannered Base course. Eaves cornice and consoles closing. Regular blocking course. The architraved fenestration at 1st and 2nd floors. windows (12-pane glazing pattern Sash and case windows. Deep in sash and case windows) are coped skews and scroll skewputts lugged and keystoned at the first to the gables. Ashlar gablehead floor. Coped skews, with scroll stack. Grey slates. skewputts. Ashlar gablehead stacks and roof with grey slates. 109 Nos. 112-114 High Street An imposing building worthy of (Category B). Earlier 19th century its use. three-storey tenement with two modern shops at ground. Ashlar 107 Nos. 104-106 High Street frontage, cill course at first floor (Category B), a vibrant later 19th and moulded band course between century two-bay narrow tympany- first and second floors. Regular gabled tenement of three stories fenestration at the first and second and attic that dominates the entry floors, sash and case windows from the New Edinburgh Road. A largely with plate glass. Eaves shop at the ground floor and a cornice and blocking course. three-storey tenement block Coped skews with mutual scroll running to the rear. Ashlar skewputt of the neighbouring frontage with base course, band building. Brick gablehead stack on course between the first and the south side. Roofed with grey second floors. Replacement shop slates. front at ground with recessed door and flanking plate glass windows; 110 Nos. 116-120 High Street droved surround, cornice with (Category B). Earlier 19th century

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three-storey, three-bay tenement, and rendered. This alteration was ashlar frontage, with a shop on the undertaken to accommodate ground floor. Base course, band Dalkeith’s first supermarket. Cill course, previously displaying the course at first and second floors is shop name, with plain frieze not continued in the three bays to above. Cill course at first and the right on the west elevation. second floors. Eaves cornice and Eaves cornice and blocking blocking course. Pend on the left course. Pend to the right of the to Robertson's Close. Panelled shop with iron gate. Shop door, door with two-pane fanlight to flanked by paired windows to each outer right. Shop door at centre side, in the three bays to the right. flanked by plate glass windows. In the corner bay: Tuscan column- Regular fenestration to 1st and mullioned tripartite bow windows 2nd floors. Sash and case at first and second floors. North windows; 12-pane glazing pattern elevation: modern shop front, to with plate glass lower sashes at regular fenestration at first and the first floor. Coped skews. second floors. The windows blind Gablehead stack to the north. Grey in the bay to right. Broad mutual slates. stack at centre of west pitch. Grey slates. 111 Nos. 122-126 High Street (Category B). Late 18th century, Landscape Character low three-storey, four-bay (1-2-1) tenement with shop at the ground 113 The built form of High Street floor. Stippled rendered elevation, dominates the character of this with painted dressings, flush part of the conservation area. The margins and deep-set windows. old cemetery is a large and Band course above shop fascia at interesting open space almost cill level. Eaves course directly entirely hidden from view by a above lintel level. Modern high stone boundary wall. It shopfronts at the ground, with two comprises mown grass and a few large windows at centre and small isolated trees. Public views entrances in outer bays. Regularly into this area are restricted to the disposed fenestration at first and properties along the north-western second floors, taller windows at side of High Street and the first floor. Plate glass glazing in gateway at the southern most tip sash and case windows. Grey of the conservation area. The large slates to steeply pitched roof. car park to the north-west of High Scroll skewputts with cable Street has been built into the slope moulding detail, coped skew on and landscaped using a mixture of the left. Tall brick gablehead to maturing ornamental trees and the north. shrubs. This is the largest concentration of trees and shrubs 112 Nos. 128-134 High Street in this part of the conservation (Category B). The southern half of area. the Tait Street matching corners. Earlier 19th century, three-storey corner block with half-piend roof. 5 bays (1-1-3) to High Street, one covered corner bay in a recessed panel, and three bays (2-1) to the return elevation. Finely droved ashlar. Modern polished granite shopfront at ground floor with return elevation windows blocked

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better facades above. The facades themselves often require maintenance and improvement which should include window repairs, window astragals being replaced where appropriate. Nos 1-17 and 23-33 would benefit from early attention. The over low and unprepossessing buildings at 51-55 should be replaced when opportunity allows with buildings

of a more fitting scale and design. The car park to the south of the High Street Issues

114 Some of the later additions and shop fronts (with the exception of the two new bank buildings) do not reflect the quality of the street. The Georgian and Victorian buildings set a high standard of excellent materials and detailing. These buildings should be retained and repaired and the opportunity 51-55 High Street taken, when it arises, to replace some of the less successful single 116 The areas facing the car park to storey infill development. Many the rear of the shops should be of these buildings require improved through better surfacing improvement and particularly to and judicious planting and some their windows. planting could be carried out within the car park. The rear Enhancement Opportunities elevations of the buildings themselves require some repair. 115 Improvements required along this Surface improvements could be part of the High Street include a made to the vennels and to the car much better design of shop fronts park. which frequently detract from the

The Glebe

Urban Structure and Landscape north. The remainder of the area is occupied by a car showroom. 117 To the north of the High Street development becomes progressively more modern. Glebe Street with its late Georgian houses with front gardens and low stone walls was laid out in the 19th century over open fields. The garden trees and shrubs create a pleasant atmosphere. 20th century housing by Hope and McGill has inserted at Bridgend Court to the

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Glebe Street Plaque at 19 Edinburgh Road

Architectural Character Boundary Walls and Fences.

Boundary walls are of squared 118 Building Types and Use. Outwith sandstone and are part of the the car park this is almost entirely character of the street. Street a residential area. Scale. The scale Furniture. Lighting is of suitable is domestic, two storey. Massing, scale and not out of character. Composition. One short terrace,

semi-detached and individual Issues houses. Bridgend Court of

appropriate scale and in brick. 119 This is a predominantly residential Walls. The front elevations in area, quiet although not far from Glebe Street are of dressed the town centre. This tranquil sandstone. Doors are traditional residential character should be and often panelled. Windows maintained. have a vertical proportion and are

sash and case with astragals.

Roofs are of Scots slate and

Chimneys are of stone and are Enhancement Opportunities significant. Rainwater Goods in

cast iron survive on many houses. 120 The car showroom site is an Details. Plaque to William inappropriate entrance to Dalkeith Mitchell the first Provost of and would benefit from some Dalkeith at 19 Edinburgh Road. judicious landscaping.

Grannies Park

Urban Structure and Landscape mature mixed deciduous woodland. 121 A low lying area adjacent to the river and in the flood plain of the North Esk. This was one of the town’s early industrial sites when the river supplied water power. The industrial character remains, the former mill buildings having been converted for commercial use. A large electricity sub station is sited here. The area is surrounded on three sides by

Grannies Park and its landscape setting

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Architectural Character pedestrian access and landscaping and much more could be made of 122 There are three mill buildings, the scenic setting by the river. formerly known as the Dalkeith Mills, now altered for commercial use. The three storey, L-plan flour Enhancement Opportunities mill late 18th century still retains its arched mill-race opening and 124 A riverside walk could be cartshed range. There is a 19th provided here with a link into the century, five-bay mill building its policies of Dalkeith House in granary loft doors breaking the addition to links to the town eaves. The last is an early 19th centre. An improved vehicular century, six-bay block with a access is also desirable. forestair.

Croft Street

Urban Structure

125 The Croft Street area is one of mixed use lying between the town centre and the King’s Park. The area contains a number of significant listed buildings notably the original building of King’s Park primary school, Old Fairfield Grannies Park includes three House and Nos 2-6 Lothian Road. converted mills The nineteenth to twentieth century buildings are largely stone Issues built.

123 Although predominantly an industrial area, there is opportunity within this large space to provide some improved

Key Buildings

King’s Park primary school 1903. Thomas Patterson. A cream sandstone building with red sandstone dressings in the Queen Anne style and a tall tempietto.

Old Fairfield House Early 19th century. Classical villa extended c. 1840 to the front with a dining room and drawing room. Home of the Mushet family who owned the Dalkeith Iron Foundry on the site of the primary school. 19th century hot house in the grounds.

2-6 Lothian Road 1938. T Aikman Swan. Tenemental Council housing but of the finest quality. 17th century influenced, it turns the corner perfectly.

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2-8 Buccleuch Street 1882. James Alison. Scots baronial block for the town Old Municipal Buildings council, but to a small scale. Rope carving round the doors and all the original features remain including the clock.

1 Eskbank Road Fine early 19th century shop front, once a butcher now an undertaker.

7-9 Eskbank Road 1911. Venetian Renaissance palace front by Sydney Mitchell and Wilson for the Commercial Bank, now another undertaker.

17-19 Eskbank Road Red sandstone corner block with domed tower, in the Glasgow style.

27-35 Croft Street c. 1835-53. The former tannery building in the centre had wide timber-louvered openings. Converted to flats by the Castle Rock Housing Association, the timber work partly retained.

Architectural Character

126 A number of Georgian two storey houses remain, originally constructed on the edge of the town such as those in Parkside Place. These turn their backs to the street, their main frontage to the park. The area was further th developed in the 19 century though still in stone. A substantial Fairfield House amount of 20th century redevelopment has occurred. This 127 Building Types and Use are includes buildings as diverse as varied. Office use (substantially so New Fairfield House and the at Midlothian House and New 1920s former cinema building in Fairfield House) bingo, in the Buccleuch Street. Despite some former cinema, primary school, unfortunate intrusions in gas depot and housing are all Buccleuch Street the 19th century present. Scale generally decreases character of the area remains, the from Buccleuch Street towards large bulks of Midlothian House King’s Park, although both and New Fairfield House having primary school buildings are been successfully integrated with substantial. Massing, the urban grain. Composition. Solid street frontages to all the streets, Croft Street and Parkside Place opening out into the school grounds. Walls to the buildings are of sandstone usually squared and coursed but some in rubble. There are some front elevations in ashlar. Doors in

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the older buildings are traditional Issues and often panelled. Windows have a vertical proportion and are 128 The Croft Street area which sash and case with astragals in possesses a significant number of older buildings. Roofs are of slate, important listed buildings has but the former bank in Rosemary sufficient quality to be designated Tiles. Chimneys are of stone and a conservation area. contribute significantly to the street scene. Rainwater Goods in Enhancement Opportunities cast iron survive on many properties. 129 The former gas works site in the south east part is now unused and a positive use requires to be found for this site.

Lugton

Setting and Views mixed woodlands on the north- west boundary of the proposed 130 Lugton lies on the flattish upper extension to the conservation area slopes and shoulder of the valley and significant mature garden of the river North Esk, the land to planting around the houses the south-east sloping steeply integrate the settlement well with down to the river. There is a vista its landscape. The road is narrow from Lugton and from its walled and street furniture minimal. All garden to the church spires of of this contributes the secluded Dalkeith beyond the trees. feel of the village. There are walled grass paddocks to the south of the village. Bridgend at the foot of the hill comprises four cottages Urban Structure and scenically strung out alongside the Landscaping river next to the bridge.

131 An attractive hamlet at the edge of Dalkeith House’s 19th century brick walled gardens. The gardens, once famed for their glasshouses and exotic fruits, are now to be redeveloped for up- market housing. Individual houses are set either directly on the road or are set back behind high stone walls. The old stone walls, along with the prominent grass verges form a substantial part of the character of the area. The mature Cottages at Bridgend

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Key Buildings

Lugton Walled Gardens Formerly the walled garden of Dalkeith House, one of the largest garden complexes in Britain. Designed by Charles McIntosh in the 1830s. Brick running bond wall with ashlar copes.

Head Gardener’s House Mid 19th century, Tudor, hoodmoulded windows and octagonal chimneys.

6 Lugton Brae, Lugton House Early 19th century, two-storey, three-bay house, later made four-bay by a sympathetic addition. Sandstone rubble, the main elevation squared and coursed, the addition in stugged ashlar.

1 Lugton Brae, Greenacres 1930s two storey, asymmetrical Lorimerian Arts and Crafts house. Harled with ashlar dressings. Panelling salvaged from the Queen Mary. Built by local builder John Monteith.

Three Houses Concrete block houses in a group of three. Henry Wylie 1976.

17 Lugton Brae c. 1950, Single storey, three bay cottage, painted harl with crowstepped gables.

19 Lugton Brae Early 19th century but doubled in size in the mid 19th The Old Parsonage century. Two storey assymetrical gabled house. Stugged squared and snecked rubble with ashlar dressings. Crowstepped gables and pilastered doorpiece.

Bridgend Four cottages. The Neuk, 18th century with two sundials. Tower House, 18th century, with a canted tower and sundial.

King’s Gate 1852 William Burn and David Bryce. Tripartite gateway made from ashlar. Decorative wrought ironwork

Architectural Character

132 The character is set by high stone walls that of the highest quality marking the boundary of the Dalkeith estate. Houses date from the 18th century to the 20th century almost all of good quality stone, with good details, little altered and of pleasant appearance. Head Gardener’s House

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Enhancement Opportunities

134 Under-grounding of overhead wires and some roadside tree planting might be considered. The former Lugton Inn is to be redeveloped. Redevelopment should be to a high standard on

this prominent site which is High stone wall marking the proposed for inclusion within the boundary of the Dalkeith Estate conservation area.

Issues ISSUES APPLICABLE TO THE WHOLE CONSERVATION AREA 133 Lugton is forms an extremely pleasant group of little altered 135 Maintenance, repair and re-use of houses set within an important existing buildings is the preferred landscape. Nothing should be option to redevelopment unless done to compromise the buildings this can be demonstrated to bring or their settings. The boundary of substantial improvement to the the Dalkeith House and Park conservation area. For extensions conservation area should be and new build a high standard of extended to include Lugton. contemporary design is welcomed provided careful attention is paid to scale, proportions, details and the use of materials.

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CHARACTER ANALYSIS MAP

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CHARACTER ANALYSIS MAP: DALKEITH HIGH STREET

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CHARACTER ANALYSIS MAP: PROPOSED EXTENSIONS

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LISTED BUILDINGS

Building Cat. Burgh/Par -ish Item Conservatory – Key building designed by William Burn 1832 – 1834. A 2 Symmetrical dodecahedral conservatory, with rich Jacobean detailing on raised PARISH dais over heating chamber – built in ashlar – bays divided by engaged Roman Doric columns, moulded architraves, with decorative mullions at centre. Originally small pane glazing pattern in three light sash and casements, glazing now missing. Dalkeith House with retaining wall and lamp standard – major landmark in A 3 Dalkeith Park. PARISH Designed by James Smith 1702 – 1711 incorporating parts of the 15th and 16thc castle. Major additions by James Playfair 1786, and William Burn 1831 with repairs by James Adam. 3-storey and basement with irregular U plan classical mansion including 2-storeyed basement pavilions, and 2-storey service blocks. Built of variegated sandstone rubble, with ashlar dressings. Base course in replicated quoins, string courses between the floors and moulded eaves courses between elevations. Principal elevations – 3-storey U-plan with 5 bays, terminated by low pavilions. A masterful massing with central emphasis. Pedimented 3-bay ashlar centre piece, with 4 fluted giant Corinthian pilasters, dividing principally sash windows. There are slate and lead roofs with ornamental chimneys. Dalkeith Mills, Grannies Park - Three mill buildings, late 18th and early and mid B 27 19th century. Rubble with some ashlar dressings, crowstepped gables and BURGH dormerheads. Dark Walk, gateway and walls – 18thc depressed arched gateway and gates, A 4 gateway wrought iron, walls are rubble sandstone, ashlar coping, wrought iron BURGH spearhead railings and particularly fine ironwork. Fairfield House Hot House - Earlier-mid 19th century. Fine rectangular-plan lean- A 19 to curved glass house. Adjoined to N retaining wall of Fairfield House (see 8 BURGH Lothian Road); brick heated wall shaped above glass house, with row of ventilators above. Cast-iron base with moulded panels. Door to E and W. Six bay arcaded cast-iron framework to interior; decorative cusping to semicircular arches; fluted piers. Former Skinnery, Grannies Park - Late 19th century, heightened in the 19th C(s) 28 century, two storey and attic block of rubble. BURGH Head Gardener’s House, Lugton walled garden – Mid to later 19th century two B 21 storey asymmetrical gabled house with Tudor details. PARISH Hermitage, Dalkeith Park - 18th century. Small, rubble, barrel-vaulted chamber. B 6 PARISH Ice House – late 18th to early 19thc, built of rubble and ashlar with cap and dome B 7 Ice house – large and ashlar lined compartmentalised subterranean ice house. PARISH King’s Gate and Lodge, Dalkeith Park - Architects William Burn and David A 8 Bryce, 1852. Gateway to Dalkeith Estate. Tripartite gateway; 2 taller gatepiers PARISH with urns at centre linked to 2 outer piers by screen walls, each with pedestrian gateway. Ashlar. Curved quadrant walls. Lodge: single storey and attic, asymmetrical gabled lodge. Cream sandstone ashlar. King’s Park Primary School – Architect Thomas T Paterson, 1903. Two storey, B 21 15-bay symmetrical school range with Queen Anne detailing. Cream sandstone BURGH rock-faced ashlar; red ashlar dressings. Laundry Bridge, Dalkeith Park - 18th century. Vehicle bridge. Double span with B 9 segmental arches. Red sandstone rubble. Ashlar piers, voussoirs and slab coping. PARISH

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Laundry House – mid 18thc, 9-bay austere classical form single storey laundry in B 10 droved ashlar, part snecked and squared rubble. Main elevations 5-bayed sash PARISH and case windows, grey slate roof and ridged stacks. Lugton Bridge, Edinburgh Road - Dated 1765 but remodelled 1816. Single soan B 29 with low segmental arch. Squared rubble parapet with ashlar dressings. BURGH Lugton Walled Gardens – Sizeable garden complex designed in the 1830s by C(s) 21a Charles McIntosh, former gardener to the Belgian King. Rectangular garden, PARISH running bond brick wall with ashlar copes. Montagu Bridge, Dalkeith Park - Architect Robert Adam, 1792. Striking classical A PARISH vehicle bridge, Single span with semicircular arch. Droved ashlar with piers advanced from abutments. Listing includes the cauld. St Mary’s Episcopal Chapel with lamp standard. A 12 Designed by William Burn and David Bryce 1843 – Chapel and Transept A W PARISH Blomfield 1890 – early English Style Gothic Church built in sandstone with stugged ashlar, lancet windows, wood moulded surrounds, grey slate roof, and gabled bellcote. Stables and Coach House – Architect William Adam, 1740. Two two storey A 13 opposing ranges, one U-plan enclosing rectangular courtyard. Rubble, ashlar PARISH dressings and minimal classical detailing. St Nicholas Church, High Street – a major landmark in the street scene – built in A 57 the 15thc a late Gothic church, remodelled by David Bryce and William Burn, in BURGH 1851 – 1854, the steeple rebuilt in 1888. Of Cruciform plan, side aisles north end and south transept, chancel to the east and steeple to the west. Roofless choir to east and sacristy to the north-east, abandoned in 1542. The choir and sacristy are scheduled Ancient Monuments – they are built of squared, coursed rubble, with buttresses, gargoyles, semi circular arched doorway with foliated ogeed hood mould. There are pointed arch windows with hood moulds. There is a 2-storeyed gabled sacristy with war monument. The extant church – stugged, square and snecked ashlar, with pointed arched windows with a variety of curvilinear tracery and coped set off buttresses. Steeple with diagonal buttresses, broached ashlar spire, gabled porch, pointed arched doorway, stone slab roof and pointed vault. Graveyard walls and monuments with ashlar coped rubble walls, iron gates and with a house incorporated into the boundary wall. The chapel of St Nicholas was probably in existence by late 14thc. In 1406 it was raised to a collegiate church endowed by James Douglas. 2 Bridgend, The Neuk - Later 18th century, with later additions to East, forming B 10 two storey L-plan end house in irregular terrace (2 or 3 former houses combined). BURGH 4 Bridgend - Later 18th century. twostorey, three bay house in irregular terrace. C(s) 11 Random rubble; rear elevation harled and painted. Raised cills. BURGH 6 Bridgend, Tower House - Early 19th century. Two storey house in irregular C(s) 12 terrace with octagonal stair tower to centre bay. Random rubble, canted window BURGH rendered and ashlar dressings. 8 Bridgend, Rosecot - Early 19th century. Two storey, 3 bay end house of C(s) 13 irregular terrace. Random rubble, BURGH 2-8 Buccleuch Street – Architect James Alison. 1882. Extended by Charles Henry B 14 Greig in 1908. Two storey Baronial corner building. Stugged, squared and BURGH snecked rubble with ashlar dressings. Roll moulded surrounds to windows. Corner doorway with rope moulded surround over Dalkeith Burgh’s coat of arms. Corbelled turret at first floor. 17-19 Croft Street – Early to mid 19th century. Two storey and attic, three bay C(s) 22 house. Rubble with finely droved rybats. Two slate-hung keel-shaped dormers to BURGH outer bays, with Y-tracery glazing pattern in sash windows and short spike finials.

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21-23 Croft Street - Earlier 19th century. Two storey, four bay pair of houses. C(s) 23 Stugged squared and coursed rubble. BURGH 25 Croft Street - Mid 19th century. Three storey, five bay tenement. Squared and C(s) 24 coursed stugged rubble. BURGH 27-35 Croft Street – Earlier to mid 19th century. Three storey long workshop B 25 range, former tannery at centre. S elevation rubble, squared and snecked at 2nd BURGH floor; E and N elevations brick. Segmental-arched former pend in bay to right.. Duke’s Gate - Architect James Playfair, 1784. Gateway to Dalkeith Estate from B 56 High Street. 4 square piers linked by screen wall, gateway at centre. Ashlar. Base BURGH course. Fluted frieze, cornice and blocking course to piers; surmounted by iron tripod lamp bases. 2-leaf cast-iron gates, arch-in-grid and spearheaded. Lower walls flanking outer piers, curved to S, each with pedestrian gate. Adjoined to the Town Lodge - earlier-mid 19th century, single storey, 3-bay lodge. 3 Edinburgh Road, Full Gospel Church - Late 19th century two storey, three bay C(s) 30 gabled hall. Squared and stugged painted rubble. BURGH 5 Edinburgh Road – Early 19th century two storey, four bay terraced house. One of B 31 a pair with 7 Edinburgh Road. Painted, squared and coursed rubble. BURGH 19 Edinburgh Road – Dated 1846 with monogram “AM”. Two storey and attic, B 32 three bay villa. Finely stugged ashlar on the road elevation. Ashlar dressings. BURGH 20 Edinburgh Road “Airdene”- 1802, two storey, three bay former manse. B 33 Squared, coursed and pinned rubble, with corniced and architraved doorpiece. BURGH Canted windows. 3-5 Eskbank Road - Earlier 19th century. Two storey and attic, four bay house B 37 with early 20th century shop at ground. Street elevation squared and coursed BURGH rubble with ashlar dressings. Fine early 20th century tripartite timber shop front now a funeral director. 7-9 Eskbank Road – Architects Sydney Mitchell and Wilson. One and one half B 38 storey, five bay symmetrical Venetian Renaissance commercial building. Ashlar, BURGH channelled at ground floor. 17-19 Eskbank Road - Dated 1906. Two storey corner block with shop at ground, B 39 and Glasgow Style corner tower. Red sandstone ashlar. BURGH 10–14 Glebe Street – late 19thc with boundary wall – semi detached pair, 2 storeys C(s) 54 in ashlar sandstone. 3-bay house with pavilions and slated roofs. BURGH 13 – 15 Glebe Street, Glebe Bank House – Earlier to mid- 19th century two storey, B 53 five bay villa with single storey pavilion flanks. Stugged ashlar and squared and BURGH snecked rubble with ashlar dressings. Gabled doorcase. 1 and 3 High Street and 101 Edinburgh Road – this is a key building in the street C(s) 58 scene – a 3 bay 18thc 2 storey house with attic and with shops at ground level. BURGH Built of squared, coursed rubble sandstone with droved ashlar dressing. There is an art nouveau detailed shop front with small pane glazing patterns in sash and casement windows. There is a grey slated roof with coped skews and crow stepped stack. 5 and 7 High Street is an early 19thc 2-storey house with 4 bays built of ashlar C(s) 59 sandstone with a slate roof. BURGH 9 – 13 High Street – early 19thc 3-storey, 4 bay tenement with 2 shop fronts built C(s) 60 of ashlar sandstone with a slate roof. BURGH

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10 and 12 High Street is a key building in the street scene. It was designed by B 87 Charles Henry Greig in 1906 and is 2 storeys high with an attic as a department BURGH store with mannerist detailing. The High Street elevation is chamfered with a key stone round, arched doorway, with moulded imposts and dentil cornice. There is a keystone, an architraved window above flanked by pilasters with consoles and a segmental pediment above containing a cartouche. The shop has a slender iron tripartite shop front with slender iron columns, tripartite shop windows at first floor with moulded reveals and consoles. There is a variety of glazing patterns, coloured glass in upper parts of the display windows at first floor. It has a mansard roof, and corniced dormer windows and grey/green slate roof. The building was constructed for William Thompson the draper. 15 and 17 High Street – early 19thc 2-storey with attic, 2 shops on ground floor, C(s) 61 built of ashlar sandstone with a gabled slate roof. BURGH 37 – 39 High Street – built in 1906, designed by C A Greig – 3-storeys, 2 bays C(s) 62 sandstone with gabled slate roof. BURGH 41 High Street – late 18thc 3-storey, 5 bay tenement block with shop front at C(s) 63 ground floor and harled with sandstone dressings and a slate roof. BURGH 43 High Street – Earlier 19th century, three storey, two bay corner tennement the C(s) 64 main street façade of finely droved ashlar. BURGH 67 – 71 High Street – early 19thc, 3-storey 3 bay tenement with modern shop front B 65 at ground floor, of sandstone with slate roof. BURGH 75 High Street – early 19thc, 3-storey, 3 bay terraced tenement with shop at ground B 66 floor built of sandstone with slate roof. BURGH 77 – 79 High Street – early 19thc, 3-storey, 3 bay terraced tenement with shop to C(s) 67 ground floor and with harled finish and slate roof. BURGH 81 High Street – early 19thc, this is a key building in the street scene. 3-storeys C(s) 68 with attic, 2 bay terraced tenement with a shop at ground floor. Ashlar sandstone BURGH with moulded band course, late 19thc shop front with attractive Corinthian pilasters and regular fenestration at first and second floors. Millers Close elevation – is finely pilastered with panelled depressed arched door piece – there are fine astragals. The roof has coped skews and grey slates to steeply pitched roofs. 83 – 85 High Street – the house is built in ashlar sandstone with slate roof. B 69 BURGH 87 High Street – early 19thc, 3-storey, 2 bay terraced tenement with shop and C(s) 70 ground floor sash and casement windows. Built of sandstone with a slate roof. BURGH 89-91 High Street – Earlier 19th century reconstructed in 1990 three bay ashlar C(s) 71 tenement. BURGH 71 High Street is early 19thc and reconstructed in 1990. It is 3 storeys and 3 bay C(s) 71 tenement built of ashlar sandstone with a slate roof and sash and case windows. BURGH 93 High Street – is a key building in the street scene. It is dated 1870 and B 72 designed by Peddie and Kinniar, 3-storeys and attic corner building in the baronial BURGH style. Walls of stugged and snecked ashlar to ground floor, ashlar dressings, stepped corbels at second floor at a gablet with crow steps to gables. 95 – 99 High Street – early 19thc reconstructed in 1989. 3-storey, 5 bay tenement C(s) 73 with shops at ground floor. Built of ashlar with some harling and a slate roof and BURGH sash and case windows.

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100 – 102 High Street, the Clydesdale Bank, is a key building in the street scene. B 88 The building was constructed in 1855 and is 3 storeys high it is a 4 bay simple, BURGH classical bank manager’s house with ashlar sandstone walls, band and cill courses, eaves cornice and architraved windows. There are basket arched openings to the tripartite windows at the front. There is consoled dentilled cornice above the fascia and a cartouche with shield and moulded panel inscribed 1855. The windows are 12 panelled glazing pattern and there are coped skews and scrolled skew putts, ashlar gable headed stacks and grey slate roofs. 101 – 103 High Street is a key building in the High Street. Built in the late 18thc, B 74 3-storeys, 5 bay tenement with shops on the ground floor, harled walls and painted BURGH stone margins and a late 19thc attractive tripartite shop front with flat arched openings and consoled cornice. There is regular fenestration to the first floor, and 8 paned glazing pattern and sash and case windows. There is a steep pitched slated roof. 104 – 106 High Street – late 19thc 3 storey, 2 bays with attic and is a tenement B 89 block built of ashlar sandstone with slate roofs and sash and case windows. BURGH 105 – 111 High Street is early 19thc, 3-storeys high with attic and 5 bay tenement. B 75 It is built of ashlar sandstone and part harled with a slate roof and sash and case BURGH windows. 108-110 High Street –. Early tripartite shop front. C(s) 90 BURGH 112 – 114 High Street – Earlier 19th century ashlar tenement, shops at ground. B 91 BURGH 113 High Street – 3 storeys high with attic & 3 bay tenement block. Built of ashlar B 76 sandstone, some harling, slate roof & sash & case windows. BURGH 115 – 117 High Street – 18thc, restored in 1982, this is a 2 storey row of houses C(s) 77 built of sandstone with slate roofs and sash & case windows & follows the original BURGH plan of the rigg street pattern. 116-120 High Street - Earlier 19th century three storey, three bay, ashlar tenement, B 92 shop at the ground floor. BURGH 119 High Street – Mid 19th century, single storey, three bay, harled cottage. C(s) 78 BURGH 122-126 High Street – Late 18th century, low, three storey, four bay tenement. B 93 Shop at ground. Taller windows at first floor. BURGH 127 High Street – early 19thc 2-storey, 3 bay classically detailed house, built in B 79 sandstone with a slate roof and sash and case windows. BURGH 128-134 High Street – Earlier 19th century three storey corner block of finely B 94 droved ashlar. Curved corner bay window. One of a pair. Shop at ground. BURGH 129 High Street – one of the oldest purpose built Masonic lodges in the world B 79a built in 1776, designed by Currie Scott Young – 4 bay rectangular plan single BURGH storey. Built of sandstone with a slate roof and sash windows. 131 – 133 High Street – mid 19thc, 3-storey, 3 bay tenement block with attic- built C(s) 80 in sandstone with some harling. It has also a slate roof, sash and case windows. BURGH 135 – 137 High Street – early 19thc 3-storey 4 bay tenement block with attic. Built B 81 of sandstone with slate roof and sash and casement windows. BURGH 140-142 High Street - Earlier 19th century three storey corner block of finely B 95 droved ashlar. Curved corner bay window. One of a pair. Shop at ground. BURGH 153 – 155 High Street – designed by Robert Naismith in 1959 – 3-storey C(s) 82 traditionally influenced L-plan tenement. Built of sandstone with some harling, BURGH and sash windows. 161 – 163 High Street – mid 18thc L-plan tenement, 3-storeys and attics with 4 B 83 bays, built of harled walling with slate roofs and sash and casement windows. BURGH

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165 – 169 High Street – designed by Andrew Foster 1937. Traditionally B 84 influenced tenement with 3-storeys, 5 bay block built of sandstone with some BURGH harling, slate roofs and sash and case windows. 168-172 High Street – Mid 19th century three storey, four bay tenement. Shop and B 96 public house at ground. Stugged ashlar with ashlar dressings. BURGH 175 High Street is a key building in the street scene. Militia House built in the C(s) 85 early 19thc this is a 2-storey rectangular house with octagonal stair tower built of BURGH rubble sandstone with a rendered tower. There are irregular sized windows with a variety of small panel glazing bars. It has a grey slate roof and a pyramidal slate roof to the tower with a spiked finial. Formerly owned by the Buccleugh Estate and accommodated the Duke of Buccleugh’s private regiment. 176-180 High Street, Tolbooth - Mid 17th century in origin but re-worked probably A 97 in the 18th century. Two storey, seven bay, simple classical Tolbooth. Ashlar front BURGH with rusticated quoins. Central doorpiece with bolection moulded surround and pediment. Moulded panel above. 177 Dalkeith Park House, High Street is a key building in the street scene. It was B 85 designed by William Burn in 1833-34 and is a 2 storey gabled asymmetric BURGH Jacobean baronial house with a single storey, stables and coach house. Walls are stugged ashlar and squared and coursed rubble with droved and chamfered reveals. The east elevation has 5 bays and a moulded surround to original door and there is a strap work parapet and regular fenestration circular tower. The west elevation has regular fenestration with 8 pane replacement windows. There is a largely 12 pane pattern in sash and case windows. There are gablets, coped, skewed and bracketed skewputts with a conical slate roof to tower, grey slates. This was designed as a residence for the Duke of Buccleugh’s chamberlain. 182 High Street, Cross Keys Hotel. c.1804. Three storey and attic. Five bay B 98 classical coaching inn with regular fenestration. Ashlar with carriage pend to the BURGH right. Blind balustrades at the first floor. 186-188 High Street – Mason’s Arms. Mid 19th century three bay tenement, public C(s) 99 house at ground. Squared and snecked rubble. Tailed ashlar margins. BURGH 190-194 High Street – Later 19th century three storey, four bay terraced tenement. C(s) 100 Shops at ground. Squared and snecked sandstone rubble. BURGH 196-198 High Street – Architect Thomas Aikman Swan c.1935. Three storey, 16 B 101 bay symmetrical tenement, central six bays recessed. Random rubble with ashlar BURGH dressings and roll moulded door surrounds. 200 High Street -The Corn Exchange. Architect David Cousin, dated 1853. A 102 Jacobean-style hall with symmetrical twin gables to the East High Street. Random, BURGH variegated, stugged sandstone ashlar to the main elevations. Broad door at centre, with hoodmould overstepping Buccleuch arms and 2 monogrammed shields; moulded panel above with shield dated "1853". Further corbelled panel above, with 4-line inscription ("The Earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof, Thou crownest the year with Thy goodness"), serving as a base to gabled ashlar bellcote with bell. 212-214 High Street – Architect Robert J Naismith, 1956. Asymmetrically B 103 designed tenement block with traditional detailing in cream sandstone rubble. East BURGH elevation pebble-dashed; ashlar dressings. Crowstepped gablehead. 216-218 High Street - Later 18th century. Two storey, three bay house. White C(s) 104 painted harl. Ashlar surround to door. Slightly raised concrete margins to BURGH windows.

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228-230 High Street - Mid 18th century. Three storey tenement. Three bay with B 105 4th bay (former stair) to outer left. Variegated sandstone random rubble with BURGH cherry-caulking; ashlar dressings and concrete repairs. East elevation pebble- dashed, South elevation harled. Raised margins on West elevation; lintel course at eaves level; eaves cornice. Gabled wallhead stack in centre bay, with coped skews and scroll skewputts. 2-6 Lothian Road – Architect Thomas Aikman Swan, dated 1938. Traditionally B 118 influenced and picturesquely grouped tenement, Scottish 17th century style. BURGH Symmetrical three storey, five bay centre block, with 3rd storey breaking eaves. Squat entrance tower. Squared and snecked bull-faced masonry. Crowstepped gables. 8 Lothian Road, Fairfield House - Early 19th century. Two storey, three bay B 20 classical villa with later flat-roofed broader single storey three bay range (built BURGH between 1835 and 1852) stretched across principal elevation. Main elevation ashlar, remaining elevations square and coursed stugged rubble; later range droved and stugged sandstone ashlar. 1 Lugton Brae, Greenacres – Post 1932, two storey, asymmetrical Lorimerian Arts B 17 and Crafts house. Harled with ashlar dressings. PARISH 6 Lugton Brae, Lugton House - Early 19th century, two storey, three bay house C(s) 20 made four bay by later sympathetic addition. Sandstone rubble with contrasting PARISH red sandstone to addition 17 Lugton Brae – c.1950 single storey, three bay cottage of painted harl. C(s) 18 Crowstepped gables. PARISH 19 Lugton Brae, Old Parsonage. Early 19th century, doubled in size in mid 19th B 19 century. Two storey, asymmetrical gabled house of stugged, squared an snecked PARISH rubble. Crowstepped gables. Pilastered and corniced tripartite doorpiece. 1-3 Musselburgh Road - Late 18th century, with 19th century alterations and C(s) 125 additions. Two storey house and adjoining outbuildings. Rubble and harled with PARISH flush ashlar margins.

CONSERVATION AREA High Street, High Street and BOUNDARY adjacent areas. It is recommended that the boundary is re-drawn to 136 The current conservation area include the Croft Street area of boundary has been drawn to Dalkeith and the Lugton hamlet, include Dalkeith House and its both of which include a number of policies, as well as Dalkeith’s East listed-buildings.

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CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY MAP

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ARTICLE 4 DIRECTION ORDER Sundry minor operations (Class 137 By making a direction under 7, 8) Article 4 of the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted 140 Traditional means of enclosure to Development) (Scotland) Order areas are crucial in establishing 1992, Midlothian Council may the character and appearance of a direct that general planning conservation area. Insensitive permission granted for certain alterations or unsuitable new classes of development through means of enclosure could visually the Order shall not apply. damage large parts of the conservation area. A number of 138 An Article 4 Direction covering roads within the conservation area Dalkeith House and Park and are unclassified. The use of environs was made in 14 July inappropriate material for the 1972, which removed a limited construction of new accesses to number of classes of development these roads could be visually form permitted development damaging. rights. It is proposed to introduce a revised Article 4 Direction Order Caravan sites (Classes 16 and to cover the Dalkeith House and 17) Park conservation area for the following classes of development 141 A caravan site, however small in (as defined in the General scale, carelessly located and Permitted development Order inappropriately landscaped will 1992) and for the following spoil the quality and rural reasons: character of the conservation area.

Development within the Agricultural buildings (Class curtilage of a dwellinghouse 18) (Classes 1, 3, 6) 142 The conservation area includes an 139 The Dalkeith House and Park area of agricultural activity and conservation area contains a therefore tends to be subject to number of unaltered traditional development within this class. buildings. The cumulative effect Examples include silos, large of new development and barns and storage sheds. Whilst it inappropriate alterations, even is recognised that prior though each should be small in notification procedures are in scale, could have a negative place, it is considered that these do impact on the architectural quality not provide sufficient control over of buildings in the conservation issues such as the siting, design area. Unlisted buildings provide a and landscaping of development complementary backdrop for their which can significantly affect the listed counterparts and any erosion character and setting of the of unifying elements such as the conservation area. replacement of doors and windows could have an adverse Land drainage works (Class 20) impact on the character of the conservation area. 143 The Dalkeith Park landscape has national architectural, landscape architectural and historic interest. Land drainage works required for agricultural operations could cause

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severe damage and detract from conservation area, for example, important views across the the replacement of a track with landscape. tarmac and concrete kerbstones. Control is therefore sought over Forestry buildings (Class 22) private road and way repairs in order to avoid inappropriate scars 144 Forestry buildings (which could on the landscape. include storage sheds and machinery enclosures) and Development by statutory operations can have a significant undertakers (Classes 38, 39, 40, deleterious impact on the setting 41, 43) and character of the conservation area. Prior notification procedures 146 Development by statutory alone is unlikely to provide undertakers can be contemporary sufficient control. in nature and visually obtrusive. All such development should be Repairs to private roads and sensitively sited. Examples private ways (Class 27) include overhead wiring and inappropriate buildings in relation 145 The present appearance of private to the statutory undertaker’s roads, lanes and paths within needs. Dalkeith Park is predominantly rural and in keeping with the Development by surrounding historic buildings and telecommunications operators rural character of the conservation (Class 67) area. Inappropriate repairs and surfacing of these traditional 147 Telecommunicatons apparatus features could have a dramatic could have an adverse effect on adverse impact on the visual the character and appearance of amenity over wide parts of the the conservation area.

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BUILDING CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES

148 Well-designed buildings are evident in all ages and it is their design per se that is the critical factor. No one age has a monopoly of good building design. New building is neither always worse, nor old building necessarily better.

149 Building within an historic context requires particular sensitivity. This sensitivity however, may be expressed though a number of different styles the appropriateness of which will depend both the quality of the design and its relationship to its setting.

There can be no substitute for the skill of the individual designer. It is possible to apply the “rules” of good design and yet to produce a building that is bland in the extreme.

Diversity

150 A number of design approaches are possible and Conservation Areas can be capable of absorbing a range of these. Diversity can enrich an area and variety is frequently desirable. Design approaches may be broadly categorised under the following headings:

Pastiche This is an exact copy of an old building as is possible. To be successful this relies on excellent knowledge and careful choice of details.

Traditional This is often used to follow the local vernacular. Form, materials and detailing are borrowed from the past but are slightly contemporary in style.

Modern The design is clearly of its time yet is respectful of its context. It may use traditional materials in contemporary manner, or modern materials in historical forms.

151 Which of these styles is used will depend upon the skill and philosophy of the architect and patron, as well as the particular setting. In all cases, however, quality of design must be allied to quality of materials.

152 As a general rule, old buildings should be conserved as found with original architectural detail respected. It can be hard to replace the design and building quality found in many traditional buildings. Old buildings and their surroundings have a great visual appeal and reinforce local identity. They are of immense importance for education, recreation, leisure, tourism and the wider economy. Equally, well-designed modern development forms an important part of our heritage.

153 A very large number of buildings in Midlothian were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. This is certainly the case within the many conservation areas. These buildings exhibit in the main the following characteristics. Which should be respected in all repairs, alterations and new buildings.

Masonry Masonry walls are important both in building and as space enclosures. Walls They contribute to character and are difficult to replicate and should therefore be retained wherever possible. They are commonly of rubble (random or coursed), occasionally ashlar. Original masonry surface coverings such as harling should be kept. Pointing should be correctly carried out.

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Doors Original door openings invariably possess the current proportions for a building should be retained to preserve the architectural integrity of the building. Doors themselves should be repaired rather than replaced.

Windows Original window openings invariably possess the correct proportions for a building and should be retained to preserve the architectural integrity of the building. Original mullions should always be retained. Additional window openings should be of an appropriate size and proportion and should not spoil symmetry. Timber sash windows can case windows and their astragals should almost always be retained.

Roofs Roofs are dominant elements that give a building its profile. Original roof pitches and coverings should be preserved. Chimney stacks and pots should be retained. Dormers are often important features and new dormer windows should be carefully designed to relate to existing. The same applies to rooflights and skylights.

Details A wide range of details contributes immensely to the character of a conservation area and, if its good appearance is to be retained, these must not be incrementally eroded. The loss of one detail may not make a substantial difference but the loss of many will. Important details include: external guttering and pipework, and finials; stone details including skews, door and window surrounds, cornices, balustrades and other ornamentation.

Floorscape Original paving and other floorscapes should always be retained.

Enclosures Stone garden and field walls, fences and railings should be retained.

Street Street furniture including lampposts, telephone boxes, bins and benches Furniture should be retained where original and where new must be in character with the area.

Further Further advice on the repair and extension of buildings and new Advice buildings within the conservation area is available for the Strategic Services Division of Midlothian Council

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Abutments The solid part of a Canted Any part of a building on a pier or wall against polygonal plan which an arch abuts

Architrave The lowest of 3 main Capitals The head of a column, parts of entablature. pilaster etc in classical The moulded frame architecture surrounding a door or window.

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Archivolts The continuous Castellated Decorated with architrave moulding battlements on the face of an arch, following its contour

Arrises A sharp edge Cat slide A single pitch roof produced by the meeting of 2 surfaces. Ashlar Hewn blocks of Classical Greek and Roman masonry wrought to architecture and any even faces and subsequent styles inspired square edges lain in by this. horizontal courses with vertical, fine joints, usually polished on the face.

Astragals A glazing bar for Coadstone Artificial cast stone, sub-dividing a widely used in the 18th and window into small early 19th century for all panes types of ornamentation.

Balustrad- Short posts or pillars Coping A capping or covering to a ing in a series supporting wall a rail or coping

Barge boards Projecting boards Corbelling Brick or masonry course, placed against the each built out beyond the incline of the gable one below to support a of a building and chimney stack or hiding the ends of projecting turret roof timbers

Bartizan A corbelled turret at Corbie or crow Stepped ends on top of a the top angle of a stepped gables stone gable taking the building. place of a stone cope on a skew.

Bell-cote A framework on a Cornice A moulded projection at roof from which to the top of an opening or hang bells wall.

Bipartite Double eg bipartite Corps de logis A French term commonly sash windows – 2 used to describe the main sash windows side building as opposed to the by side wings or pavilions.

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Buttress A mass of masonry Coursed stone Stone laid in horizontal or brickwork courses projecting from or built against a wall to give extra strength

Canopy A projection or hood Crenellated A parapet with alternating over a door, window, indentations and raised tomb, altar, pulpit portions, for example a niche etc battlement.

Cruciform A cross shaped plan Machicolation A gallery or parapet form, for example in s projecting on brackets and a church built on the outside of castle towers and walls (with openings for pouring lead on the enemy) Dentil A small square block Mullion Vertical member between used in series in the lights of a window. Ionic, Corinthian and Composite columns. Doric The earliest of the Mutulated From mutule – the Greek classical projecting square block orders of architecture above the triglyph under the corona of a Doric cornice. Dormer window Window standing up Nave The western limb of a vertically from the church, west of the roof. crossings flanked by aisles.

Drip stone or hood A projecting Ogee A double curved line made mould moulding to throw up of a convex and off the rain on the concave curve. face of a wall, above an arch, doorway or window. Droved An approximately Pantiles A roofing tile of curved s- parallel series of shaped sections grooves in stone work made by a hammer and bolster Eaves Overhanging edge of Parapet A low wall placed to the roof. protect any spot where there is a sudden drop for example a house top Finial A formal ornament at Pastiche Generally used as a the top of a canopy, derogatory term to gable or pinnacle describe a poor copy of an (often in the form of architectural element a fleur de lys) Gable The triangle at the Patina The weathered appearance end of a double of a building material pitched roof.

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Gable head stack A chimney stack Pediment a low pitched gable over a rising directly form portico, door or window the gable wall of a building Gothic arched A window with a Pepper pot Turret with conical or window pointed arch turret pyramid roof. Harling A thrown wall finish Pilaster A shallow pier or column, of lime and projecting very slightly aggregate. from a wall

Hip roof A roof with sloping Plinth The projecting base of a ends instead of wall or column pedestal vertical ends (or usually chamfered or piend - Scots) moulded at the top

Hipped dormer A window placed Portico A roofed space, open or vertically in a partly closed, forming the sloping roof with a entrance and centre-piece sloping roof. of the front of a building Hopper The enlarged Quoins The dressed stone at the entrance at the head corner of buildings, of a down pipe. usually laid so that their faces are alternatively large and small Impost A member in a wall, Rainwater Gutters and down pipes usually in the form of goods which channel rainwater a projected bracket- from the roof of a like moulding upon building. which an arch rests.

Random rubble Uncoursed stone Stucco A kind of plaster work. work with rough faces. Stugged Stone with a punched Ashlar finish. Reconstructed Artificial stone Thack stane Projecting stone on a stone chimney to cover a thatch. Reveal That part of the Timpany gable Gable in the middle of a surround which lies house front generally for between the glass or carrying up the flue and door and outer wall provides a small attic surface. apartment. Romanesque The style current Tempietto A small temple. until the advent of Gothic, origins conjectured between 7th and 10th centuries AD Rusticated Masonry cast in large Tooled Marks made by tooling or blocks separated cutting into stone from each other by deep joints

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Skew putts The lowest stone at Traceried The ornamental the foot of a skew intersecting work in the built into the wall for upper part of a window. strength, sometimes moulded. Skews Sloping stones Turret Small tower, usually upstanding above a attached to a building. roof and finishing a gable. Squared dressed Stones squared and Vernacular Nature or indigenous, not stone worked to a finished designed or taught face

Street scene The street seen as a Vista View of features seen whole, defined by its from a distance constituent parts e.g. buildings, walls, roads etc

String course Intermiate stone Voussoirs A brick or wedge shaped course or moulding stone projecting from the forming one of the units of surface of a wall. an arch

REFERENCES

Michael Aston and James Bond 1987 – The Landscape of Towns – (published by Alan Sutton Publishing)

Mark Collard 1998 – Lothian – A Historical Guide – (published by Birlinn Limited)

Jane Thomas 1995 – Midlothian – An Illustrated Architectural Guide – (published by the Rutland Press)

Nikolaus Pevsner, Colin McWilliam 1978 – Lothian (except Edinburgh) – (published by Penguin Books)

Robert J Naismith 1989 – The Story of Scotland’s Towns – (published by John Donald Publishing Ltd)

A L Lawrie 1980 – Dalkeith through the Ages – (published by T Kemp Printers Ltd)

F P Dennison, Russell Coleman 1998 – Historic Dalkeith – The Scottish Burgh Survey-Historic Scotland- (published by British Printing Company Aberdeen)

D R Smith – Dalkeith Town Trail (published by Dalkeith History Society)

Scottish Development Department surveyed 1985 – An Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscape in Scotland Volume 5 – Lothian and Borders – (published by Dittoprint Ltd)

Midlothian Council 2003 – Midlothian Local Plan – (published Midlothian)

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