Linguagem E Letramento Na Inclusão Digital

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Linguagem E Letramento Na Inclusão Digital UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM Marcelo El Khouri Buzato Entre a Fronteira e a Periferia: linguagem e letramento na inclusão digital Campinas 2007 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca do IEL - UNICAMP Buzato, Marcelo El Khouri. Entre a fronteira e a periferia : linguagem e letramento na inclusão digital / Marcelo El Khouri Buzato. -- Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2007. Orientador : Denise Bértoli Braga. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem. B988 e 1. Inclusão. 2. Inclusão digital. 3. Letramento digital. 4. Hibridismo. 5. Globalização. I. Braga, Denise Bértoli. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem. III. Título. oe/iel Título em inglês: Between the border and the outskirts: language and literacy in digital inclusion. Palavras-chaves: em inglês (Keywords): Inclusion; Digital divide; Digital literacy; Hibridity; Globalization. Área de concentração: Linguagem e Tecnologia. Titulação: Doutor em Lingüística Aplicada. Banca examinadora: Profa. Dra. Denise Bértoli Braga (orientadora), Prof Dr. Lynn Mário Trindade Meneses de Souza, Profa. Dra. Maria Helena Silveira Bonilla, Profa. Dra. Roxane Helena Rodrigues Rojo e Profa. Dra. Terezinha de Jesus Machado Maher. Data da defesa: 18/07/2007. Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Lingüística Aplicada. 1 Marcelo El Khouri Buzato Entre a Fronteira e a Periferia: linguagem e letramento na inclusão digital Tese de Doutorado apresentada à Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para obtenção do título de Doutor em Lingüística Aplicada. Denise Bértoli Braga Orientadora Campinas 2007 A Beatriz, tudo, sempre. 4 Agradecimentos Ao UOL (www.uol.com.br) que financiou parte deste projeto através do Programa UOL Bolsa Pesquisa, processo número 20060509140453a. À Casa Brasil Água e Vida, seus dirigentes, voluntários e freqüentadores, por me incluírem, sem temores e sem ressalvas, no seu quotidiano, e por permitirem generosamente que eu compartilhasse suas interpretações, dilemas, esperanças e certezas com outros que buscam superar desigualdades respeitando diferenças. Aos professores Ilana Snyder, Lynn Mário T. M. de Souza, Mark Warschauer, Roxane Rojo, Teca Maher e Walkyria Monte Mór, cuja generosidade intelectual e disposição para o diálogo dentro e além de suas áreas de especialidade foram importantes para a construção do problema e do quadro conceitual que utilizei nessa pesquisa. Aos colegas, professores e funcionários do IEL que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para minha formação nas idas e vindas dos últimos dez anos. À minha mulher Valéria, minha mãe Maria, minha tia Dine, e meus irmãos Eduardo e Ricardo, pelo incentivo ao longo deste caminho cheio de altos e baixos. À minha orientadora, Denise Bértoli Braga, por me ajudar a manter os pés no chão sem tirar a cabeça da lua. 5 “Errar é humano – botar a culpa no computador é mais ainda.” 6 BUZATO, Marcelo El Khouri. Entre a Fronteira e a Periferia: Linguagem e Letramento na Inclusão Digital. 2007. 284f. Tese (Doutorado em Lingüística Aplicada) – Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2007. RESUMO O trabalho propõe uma revisão do conceito de inclusão digital buscando superar a noção tradicional de inclusão como acesso puro e simples às novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC), e trazendo para o plano frontal da análise o contraste entre as diferentes visões da relação entre sociedade, cultura e tecnologia que fundamentam os discursos acadêmicos, políticos e do senso comum em torno da inclusão digital hoje. Tais visões são acareadas e avaliadas criticamente através do conceito de hibridismo, em seus diversos modos de atuação e teorização, conceito este entendido como central para a compreensão de fenômenos socioculturais típicos da era pós-nacional e pós-industrial na qual surge a noção de inclusão digital. A partir do hibridismo, o trabalho retoma as linhas básicas da pesquisa corrente em linguagem digital e letramento digital para propor modelos de análise supostamente mais congruentes com a problemática da inclusão, em suas dimensões social e cultural. Tais modelos são aplicados em dois estudos exploratórios, a saber, uma análise da linguagem digital tal qual instanciada na versão brasileira da página digital de uma empresa transnacional de comunicação, e um estudo de caso realizado em um telecentro da periferia de Guarulhos. A análise da página digital mostrou que os diferentes modos da atuação do hibridismo naquele discurso burlam distinções, até então tomadas como axiomáticas, entre o verbal e o não-verbal, o local e o global, o técnico e o cultural, entre outras, mas que esses cruzamentos de fronteira não são necessariamente transgressivos, servindo igualmente a mecanismos de coerção do sujeito. O estudo de caso no telecentro mostrou que diferentes modos de enunciação da inclusão digital (alguns mais reprodutórios, outros mais emancipatórios) ocorrem simultaneamente num mesmo contexto (em virtude de sua própria heterogeneidade), e que as formas de apropriação das TIC por uma comunidade em situação de desvantagem social não coincidem, necessária e/ou exatamente, com o que os idealizadores de projetos daquele tipo interpretam como inclusão digital. Palavras-chave: inclusão; inclusão digital; letramento digital; hibridismo; globalização 7 BUZATO, Marcelo El Khouri. Between the Border and the Outskirts: Language and Literacy in Digital Inclusion. 2007. 284f. Tese (Doutorado em Lingüística Aplicada) – Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2007. ABSTRACT The thesis presents a revision of the concept of digital inclusion with a view to overcoming the traditional notion that digital inclusion equals access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In doing so, it foregrounds contrasting views of the relations among culture, society and technology that provide the basis for the various academic, political and common-sense discourses of inclusion. Hybridity, taken as a central concept for describing sociocultural phenomena typical of a post-national, post-industrial world where the concept of digital inclusion pops up, is then applied to an analysis of the current research in of new media language and literacies. Such analysis generates new models of digital language and literacy – supposedly more congruous with the social and cultural dimensions of inclusion in its present configuration – which are then applied in two exploratory case studies. The main page of the Brazilian version of a transnational media corporation is analyzed in an effort to explain how the different modes of hybridisation therein support the construction of glocality. The analysis shows that hybridity dismantles long held dichotomies between the verbal and the non-verbal, the local and the global, the technical and the cultural, among others, but it also attests to the fact that hybridity is not always transgressive, as it can also be used to coerce the social subject. A second case study is carried out in a telecentro (a centre for public access to the Internet) on the outskirts of Guarulhos (an industrial town in the São Paulo metropolitan region), which attempts at disclosing the different modes of enunciation of digital inclusion (some reproductive of social order, some emancipatory) that take place in that, on account of its heterogeneity. The findings in this study show that the modes of appropriation of the ICTs in an underserved community do not necessarily coincide with what project designers interpret as digital inclusion. Key-words: inclusion; digital inclusion; digital literacies; hibridity; globalization 8 Lista de Figuras Figura 1 - Anúncio de computador subsidiado para o professor........................................... 14 Figura 2 - Site da empresa responsável pela administração do centro comunitário............. 17 Figura 3 – Significados de uni-, multi-, inter- e trans-............................................................ 29 Figura 4 - A página principal do site da MTV Brasil em 01/11/2005 ................................. 105 Lista de Quadros Quadro 1 - Alguns itens de um glossário de bloguês disponível na WWW .......................... 80 Quadro 2 - Dicotomia verbal/visual, segundo Kress (2005) e contra argumentos ............... 86 Quadro 3 - Excertos do código fonte da página digital da MTV Brasil................................ 126 Quadro 4 - Resumo dos resultados da análise do website da MTV Brasil ......................... 134 Lista de Siglas e Abreviaturas CBAV Casa Brasil Água e Vida DMNU Declaração do Milênio das Nações Unidas ECDL European Computer Driving License GESAC Governo Eletrônico – Serviço de Atendimento ao Cidadão HTML Hypertext mark-up language ID Inclusão Digital ITI Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia da Informação LD Letramento Digital MTV Music Television SPAM Sending Particularly Annoying Messages TIC Tecnologias da informação e comunicação URL Uniform Resource Locator 9 Sumário Capítulo 1: Introdução ..........................................................................................................11 1.1. Preâmbulo: procurando a tal de Inclusão Digital.................................................... 11 1.2. Uma questão de perspectiva ................................................................................. 23 1.3. Uni-, multi-, inter- e trans-? ...................................................................................
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