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Novičok. Případ Sergeje a Julije Skripalových Případ Sergeje a Julije Skripalových Ladislav Středa Novičok Případ Sergeje a Julije Skripalových Ladislav Středa Praha 2019 Strana 1 Obsah str. Přehled zkratek ....................................................................................................................... 3 PŘEDMLUVA ....................................................................................................................... 4 ÚVOD .................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Co je to vlastně novičok .................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Látka se střední těkavostí (Intermediate Volatility Agent) ...................................... 14 1.2 Novičoky nebo látky série A .................................................................................... 15 1.3 Kdo je to Vil S. Mirzajanov ..................................................................................... 24 1.4 Vlastnosti novičoků .................................................................................................. 26 1.5 Struktura a reaktivita látek A-230 a A-234 .............................................................. 28 1.6 Další případy použití látek skupiny novičok ............................................................ 31 1.6.1 Otrava bankéře Kivelidiho .............................................................................. 31 1.6.2 Otrava muslimských vůdců ............................................................................. 32 1.7 Novičoky a kontrolní opatření Úmluvy .................................................................... 32 2 Chronologie otravy Skripalových .................................................................................... 37 2.1 Sled událostí od 4. března 2018 do 8. února 2019 .................................................... 37 2.2 Souhrn informací o látce A-234 .............................................................................. 179 3 Pochybnosti o oficiální verzi otravy Skripalových ....................................................... 188 3.1 Novičok - nejmocnější chemická zbraň světa ........................................................ 188 3.2 Jenom Rusko umí vyrobit novičok .......................................................................... 194 3.3 Jakou úlohu sehrál seržant Nick Bailey ................................................................... 195 3.4 Kde se nacházejí Skripalovi ................................................................................... 195 3.5 Tajemná žena Sergeje Skripala ................................................................................ 196 3.6 Podivná činnost agentů GRU .................................................................................. 197 3.7 A ještě další vyjádření ............................................................................................. 200 4 Český novičok ............................................................................................................... 205 4.1 Vývoj kauzy v České republice ............................................................................. 205 4.2 Komentář k prohlášení představitelů státních orgánů ........................................... 219 ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................................... 226 Poznámky k textu a literatura ............................................................................................. 233 Strana 2 Přehled zkratek A-230 látka A-230: methyl-{N -[1-(diethylamino)ethyliden]amido}fosfonofluoridát A-232 látka A-232: N-[1-(diethylamino)ethyliden]amido-O-methyl-fosforofluoridát A-234 látka A-234: N-[1-(diethylamino)ethyliden]amido-O-ethyl-fosforofluoridát BIS Bezpečnostní informační služba ČR BZ látka BZ: chinuklidin-3- yl-difenyl(hydroxy)acetát CIA Central Intelligence Agency (Ústřední zpravodajská služba USA) DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Ministerstvo pro životní prostředí, potraviny a záležitosti venkova VB) DSTL The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down (Vědecká a technologická laboratoř pro obranu Porton Down VB) ECBC Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (Edgewoodský arsenál USA) EU Evropská unie FSB Федеральная служба безопасности Российской федерации, ФСБ (Federální služba bezpečnosti RF) GA tabun: O-ethyl-N,N-dimethylfosforamidokyanidát GB sarin: O-isopropyl-methylfosfonofluoridát GD soman: O-(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)-methylfosfonofluoridát GF cyklosin: O-cyklohexyl-methylfosfonofluoridát GNIIOChT Государственный научно исследовательский институт органической химии и технологии (Státní vědeckovýzkumný ústav organické chemie a technologie RF) GP látka GP/GV: N,N-dimethylamido-O-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]fosforofluoridát GRU Главное разведывательное управление, ГРУ (Hlavní správa rozvědky RF) KGB Комитет государственной безопасности, КГБ (Výbor státní bezpečnosti RF) MI5 Military Inteligence, Section 5 (Britská kontrarozvědná a bezpečnostní služba) MI6 Military Intelligence, Section 6 (Britská rozvědka) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Severoatlantická aliance) NSA National Security Agency (Národní bezpečnostní agentura USA) OBSE Organizace pro bezpečnost a spolupráci v Evropě OPCW Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (Organizace pro zákaz chemických zbraní) PSF určité organické chemické látky nezapsané v seznamech obsahující prvky fosfor, síru nebo fluor SAB Scientific Advisory Board (Vědecký poradní sbor OPCW) SVR Служба Внешней Разведки (Služba vnější rozvědky RF) Úmluva Úmluva o zákazu vývoje, výroby, hromadění zásob a použití chemických zbraní a o jejich zničení TS OPCW Technický sekretariát OPCW VX americká látka VX: O-ethyl-S-[2-N,N(diisopropylamino)ethyl]- methylfosfonothioát Vx ruská látka R33: O-isobutyl-S-[2-N,N(diethylamino)ethyl]-methylfosfonothioát VXC čínská látka VX: O-butyl-S-[2-N,N(diethylamino)ethyl]-methylfosfonothioát Strana 3 PŘEDMLUVA Winston Churchill „Lež oběhne půl světa, dřív než má pravda příležitost si natáhnout kalhoty.“ Doyen amerického tisku a bývalý vedoucí redakce New York Times John Swinton pronesl v roce 1880 před noblesním newyorským tiskovým klubem následující komentář: „Cosi takového jako nezávislý tisk do dneška v dějinách světa neexistuje. Víte to vy a vím to i já. Není mezi vámi jediný, kdo by se odvážil poctivě napsat svůj názor, a pokud to udělá, ví dopředu, že se to nedostane do tisku. Jsem placen každý týden za to, že se můj počestný názor nedostane do novin, u nichž jsem zaměstnán. Další z vás jsou podobně placeni za podobné věci, a kdo z vás by byl tak hloupý a své počestné názory napsal, ocitl by se na dlažbě a musel by se poohlédnout po novém zaměstnání. Kdybych byl býval svůj počestný názor zveřejnil v některém vydání svých novin, během čtyřiadvaceti hodin bych byl bez místa. Ničit pravdu, lhát bez obalu, pervertovat, zapírat, líbat nohy mamonu a prodávat zemi za každodenní chleba, takové je zaměstnání novináře. Víte to vy a já vím, jaké je to šílenství narazit na nějaký nezávislý tisk. Jsme nástroji a vazaly bohatých mužů za scénou. My jsme panďuláci, oni tahají za provázky a my tancujeme. Náš talent, naše schopnosti a celý náš život je majetkem jiných lidí. Jsme intelektuálními prostitutkami.“ Jak aktuální je tento komentář i v současnosti. Americký autor, novinář, mediální odborník a profesor vědecké komunikace Robert W. McChesney na začátku 21. století prohlásil, že smrt žurnalismu se odehrála v uplynulých deseti letech. Privatizace médií vede prý v poslední době dokonce k tomu, že výběr zpráv je podřízen obsahu reklamy - vždyť přece ta je pro sdělovací prostředek hlavním zdrojem příjmů. Většina novinářů se už na počátku své kariéry bezděčně začíná podřizovat vnitřním tlakům média, pro které pracují. Například k téměř profesní etice už patří odkopávat zločiny Západu do autu a ve zpravodajství se věnovat dalším zemím pouze s aspektem jejich užitku pro západní svět. Seymour M. Hersh je označován za legendu investigativní žurnalistiky. V roce 1969 odhalil americký masakr civilistů ve vietnamské vesnici My Lai. V roce 2004 zveřejnil informace o americkém mučení zajatců v irácké věznici Abú Ghrajb. Psal i o prezidentovi J. F. Kennedym, izraelském jaderném arzenálu a sovětském sestřelení jihokorejského letadla KAL 007. Odmítl oficiální verzi toho, jak Američané v květnu 2011 zabili v Pákistánu Usámu bin Ládina. Ve své poslední knize, Reportér, uvádí: „Jsem jeden z posledních, kdo zažil zlatý věk žurnalismu, kdy reportéři denního tisku nemuseli soutěžit se čtyřiadvacetihodinovým zpravodajským cyklem kabelových televizí, kdy noviny měly dostatek hotovosti z propagace a inzerce a kdy jsem mohl cestovat kamkoliv a kdykoliv. Jsme otupělí falešnými zprávami, vzrušenými a nekompletními informacemi a nepravdivými tvrzeními, které nonstop přináší náš denní tisk, naše televize, naše online zpravodajské agentury, naše sociální média a náš prezident. V dohledu není žádný spasitel seriózních médií. Mainstreamové noviny, časopisy a televizní stanice dál budou propouštět reportéry, zmenšovat redakce a škrtit fondy použitelné na dobrá zpravodajství, obzvláště investigativní žurnalistiku“. Viktor Farkas, novinář, autor literatury faktu, a odborník na komunikaci, ve své knize „Lži za války a v míru. Tajná moc tvůrců veřejného mínění“ (1) předkládá pohled do zákulisí tvorby veřejného mínění a především do zákulisí mediální a politické manipulace. Na desítkách konkrétních
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