Memorial to Honor the Fallen
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The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885
The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885 (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Ray H. Mattison, “The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885,” Nebraska History 35 (1954): 17-43 Article Summary: Frontier garrisons played a significant role in the development of the West even though their military effectiveness has been questioned. The author describes daily life on the posts, which provided protection to the emigrants heading west and kept the roads open. Note: A list of military posts in the Northern Plains follows the article. Cataloging Information: Photographs / Images: map of Army posts in the Northern Plains states, 1860-1895; Fort Laramie c. 1884; Fort Totten, Dakota Territory, c. 1867 THE ARMY POST ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS, 1865-1885 BY RAY H. MATTISON HE opening of the Oregon Trail, together with the dis covery of gold in California and the cession of the TMexican Territory to the United States in 1848, re sulted in a great migration to the trans-Mississippi West. As a result, a new line of military posts was needed to guard the emigrant and supply trains as well as to furnish protection for the Overland Mail and the new settlements.1 The wiping out of Lt. -
Garrison Life of the Mounted Soldier on the Great Plains
/7c GARRISON LIFE OF THE MOUNTED SOLDIER ON THE GREAT PLAINS, TEXAS, AND NEW MEXICO FRONTIERS, 1833-1861 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Stanley S. Graham, B. A. Denton, Texas August, 1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page MAPS ..................... .... iv Chapter I. THE REGIMENTS AND THE POSTS . .. 1 II. RECRUITMENT........... ........ 18 III. ROUTINE AT THE WESTERN POSTS ..0. 40 IV. RATIONS, CLOTHING, PROMOTIONS, PAY, AND CARE OF THE DISABLED...... .0.0.0.* 61 V. DISCIPLINE AND RELATED PROBLEMS .. 0 86 VI. ENTERTAINMENT, MORAL GUIDANCE, AND BURIAL OF THE FRONTIER..... 0. 0 . 0 .0 . 0. 109 VII. CONCLUSION.............. ...... 123 BIBLIOGRAPHY.......... .............. ....... ........ 126 iii LIST OF MAPS Figure Page 1. Forts West of the Mississippi in 1830 . .. ........ 15 2. Great Plains Troop Locations, 1837....... ............ 19 3. Great Plains, Texas, and New Mexico Troop Locations, 1848-1860............. ............. 20 4. Water Route to the West .......................... 37 iv CHAPTER I THE REGIMENTS AND THE POSTS The American cavalry, with a rich heritage of peacekeeping and combat action, depending upon the particular need in time, served the nation well as the most mobile armed force until the innovation of air power. In over a century of performance, the army branch adjusted to changing times and new technological advances from single-shot to multiple-shot hand weapons for a person on horseback, to rapid-fire rifles, and eventually to an even more mobile horseless, motor-mounted force. After that change, some Americans still longed for at least one regiment to be remounted on horses, as General John Knowles Herr, the last chief of cavalry in the United States Army, appealed in 1953. -
Dictionary of United States Army Terms (Short Title: AD)
Army Regulation 310–25 Military Publications Dictionary of United States Army Terms (Short Title: AD) Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 October 1983 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 310–25 Dictionary of United States Army Terms (Short Title: AD) This change-- o Adds new terms and definitions. o Updates terms appearing in the former edition. o Deletes terms that are obsolete or those that appear in the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, JCS Pub 1. This regulation supplements JCS Pub 1, so terms that appear in that publication are available for Army-wide use. Headquarters *Army Regulation 310–25 Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 October 1983 Effective 15 October 1986 Military Publications Dictionary of United States Army Terms (Short Title: AD) in JCS Pub 1. This revision updates the au- will destroy interim changes on their expira- thority on international standardization of ter- tion dates unless sooner superseded or re- m i n o l o g y a n d i n t r o d u c e s n e w a n d r e v i s e d scinded. terms in paragraph 10. S u g g e s t e d I m p r o v e m e n t s . T h e p r o p o - Applicability. This regulation applies to the nent agency of this regulation is the Assistant Active Army, the Army National Guard, and Chief of Staff for Information Management. the U.S. Army Reserve. It applies to all pro- Users are invited to send comments and sug- ponent agencies and users of Army publica- g e s t e d i m p r o v e m e n t s o n D A F o r m 2 0 2 8 tions. -
Fort Davis U.S
National Park Service Fort Davis U.S. Department of the Interior National Historic Site Curriculum Materials Grades 6-8 Student Activity: The Life of a Soldier at a Frontier Fort THE LIFE OF A SOLDIER AT A FRONTIER FORT Just as the school bell regulates your school day, the bugle organized a soldier’s day at a frontier fort in the 19th century. Most soldiers did not own pocket watches (and wrist watches had not yet been invented), so they listened to different bugle calls played by a bugler to tell them where to go or what to do next. A soldier’s day began at sunrise and ended about 9:00-10:00 p.m. He awakened from sleep with the first bugle call of the day, “Assembly of Trumpeters.” This call sounded between 4:45 a.m. and 6:40 a.m., depending on the time of the year and the preference of the commanding officer. A few minutes later, just like having a snooze alarm, the call “Reveille” played, telling the soldier he had to be out of bed. On the last note of this call, the flag was raised and the day officially began. The commanding officer at each post set the times for the bugle calls and could add or take away calls at his discretion. Once a post commander ordered “Assembly” to be sounded at 3:30 a.m.—to which the post surgeon protested that the men needed more time to sleep. The post commander took the surgeon’s advice and changed the time. -
Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest
Fort Union NM: Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest FORT UNION Historic Resource Study Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest: A Historic Resource Study Fort Union National Monument Fort Union, New Mexico Leo E. Oliva 1993 Southwest Cultural Resources Center Professional Papers No. 41 Divsion of History National Park Service Santa Fe, New Mexico TABLE OF CONTENTS foun/hrs/index.htm Last Updated: 09-Jul-2005 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/foun/index.htm [9/29/2008 1:57:53 PM] Fort Union NM: Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest (Table of Contents) FORT UNION Historic Resource Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover List of Tables List of Maps List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations Used in Footnotes Chapter 1: Before Fort Union Chapter 2: The First Fort Union Chapter 3: Military Operations before the Civil War Chapter 4: Life at the First Fort Union Chapter 5: Fort Union and the Army in New Mexico during the Civil War Chapter 6: The Third Fort Union: Construction and Military Operations, Part One (to 1869) Chapter 7: The Third Fort Union: Construction and Military Operations, Part Two (1869-1891) Chapter 8: Life at the Third Fort Union Chapter 9: Military Supply & the Economy: Quartermaster, Commissary, and Ordnance Departments http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/foun/hrst.htm (1 of 7) [9/29/2008 1:57:56 PM] Fort Union NM: Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest (Table of Contents) Chapter 10: Fitness and Discipline: Health Care and Military Justice Epilogue -
THE NATIONAL CIVIL WAR FIELD MUSIC SCHOOL Baltimore, MD
THE NATIONAL CIVIL WAR FIELD MUSIC SCHOOL Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine Baltimore, MD June 5-7, 2020 The following are standards for field musicians participating in The National Civil War Field Music School (NCWFMS). They have been developed by field musicians active in Civil War re- enacting and have been updated by the musical faculty of the NCWFMS. These standards can be used to help you determine your current level of performance and set goals for your future advancement as a field musician. The concept of The National Civil War Field Music School is to help you improve your musical, as well as military, impression. Do not feel that if you cannot meet these standards you shouldn’t attend. On the contrary, this is an ideal time to work with first-rate instructors who have proven themselves in the area of field music. Students are also highly encouraged to seek instruction with a fife, drum or trumpet (bugle) instructor before attending the school. Please be aware, the NCWFMS has recently began using the Nevins manual for duty music. We have posted all of the common camp duties at www.nationalcivilwarfieldmusicschool.com, along with a list of other music manuals and resources, many of which can be downloaded or purchased online. If you have any questions, please contact me at [email protected]. Now get practicing, and we’ll see you in June! Donald Heminitz, Music Director The National Civil War Field Music School Field Music Standards – Fife FIFE Beginner Level Anyone who is not yet at the below-listed Novice -
Artillery Bugle Signals Manual for Non-Buglers
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR By the Bugle Series III Artillery Bugle Signals Manual for Non-Buglers GIVING ALL THE CALLS FOR CAMP AND FIELD DUTY WITH DEFINITIONS AND USAGE FOR EVERY SIGNAL TO WHICH IS ADDED MEMORIZATION DITTIES FOR THE CALLS By a Battery of Artillerists Robert Bromley * Scott Gutzke * Chas. Lee * Joseph Loehle * Michael Millette Jason Napolitan * Lorrie Stearns * Doug Thompson * Jay Walker EDITED BY R. J. SAMP CHIEF BUGLER, FIRST FEDERAL DIVISION Illinois: PUBLISHED BY THE ACW BUGLERS PRESS MMII 2 IN BATTERY! Nothing stirs the emotion of the Artilleryman more than the blare of a bugle sounding "In Battery" or the bark of cannon. Signaling troops by the use of a horn goes back to the Roman Empire and Biblical times. The daily routine of the American Civil War soldier was regulated by bugle signals, with the infantry, cavalry, and artillery all having their own sets of signals. Many Artillery calls are identical to the Cavalry calls (especially Horse and Camp Duty calls). The US Armed Forces bugle calls used today largely came from the combined Civil War call manuals, an exercise carried out by artillery Major Truman Seymour in 1866-1873. Although the rank of bugler has disappeared from the modern army and the bugle is a symbol of an era gone by, bugling is a tradition that continues to live on for ceremonies and special occasions. As reenactors we constantly strive to improve upon our impression. If this work helps to assist the Artillery reenactor with a better understanding of the bugle, its proper use in reenacting, and its importance in communicating commands by signals, then our objective has been met. -
Bugle Calls (The Schedule) the Post Commander Held a Wide Range of Authority in the Conduct of the Garrison
Bugle Calls (The Schedule) The post commander held a wide range of authority in the conduct of the garrison. The daily schedule of bugle calls was one of his tools to regulate the activities of soldiers. Although the schedule would vary from season to season, the routine generally did not. The result was a regimented lifestyle that centered around the bugle call as a measure of time. This schedule of calls is extracted from schedules used at Fort Union during its time of operation. The bugle calls are presented to help visitors envision Fort Union as an active military post. Differences between the historic army time schedule and this time schedule are noted in the description of the bugle calls. Some of the early and later bugle calls are played in a modern time context to correspond with current park hours. 8:15 Assembly of Trumpeters The first signal for soldiers to awake from their blissful slumber; this call historically sounded between 4:45 a.m. and 6:00 a.m., depending on the season. 8:20 Reveille Upon the last note of this call, the flag was raised, the morning gun was fired, and all men were out of their bunks and getting dressed for morning roll call. 8:25 Assembly The men stood in formation outside their barracks for morning roll call. 8:30 Stable Call Soldiers in the cavalry put on their white canvas stable clothing and reported to the stables to feed and groom their mounts. This was historically done right after morning roll call, about 6:15 a.m. -
Life of a Soldier in the 19Th Century 1
The Life of a Soldier in the 19th Century 1 National Park Service Fort Davis U.S. Department of the Interior National Historic Site Curriculum Materials Grades 2-5 The Life of a Soldier in the 19th Century Cavalry Company at Fort Davis circa 1875 The Life of a Soldier in the 19th Century 2 National Park Service Fort Davis U.S. Department of the Interior National Historic Site Curriculum Materials Grades 2-5 Teacher Notes: Life of a Soldier in the 19th Century Topic: Life of a Soldier in the 19th Century Standards and Objectives: Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Social Studies Social Studies Social Studies Social Studies 113.4 -17,18,19 113.5 -16,17,18 113.6 -22,23,24 113.7 - 4,5,25,26,27 Language Arts Language Arts Language Arts Language Arts 110.4 - 3,4,8,9,13, 110.5 - 3,4,9,13, 110.6 -4,5,9,10, 110.7 - 4,5,9,10, • 14,20 14,20 11,13,15,21 11,13,15,21 Materials Needed: Copies of soldier information sheets: What Was It Like to be a Soldier Back Then? And Being a Soldier in the U.S. Army: Listening to the Bugle, as well as worksheets Interview A Soldier, Soldiers, and Bugle call sheet Strips for Memory, pre-cut and in envelopes to keep them straight Copies of Vocabulary Drill—Military Words instructions; file folders for the Vocabulary Drill game; one copy of the Vocabulary game words for each group Optional: mail a blank CD or cassette to Fort Davis NHS and the staff will send you at no cost an audio copy of the bugle calls played at the fort. -
The Marching Band
Copy 2 L0 DEPA.RTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL THE MARCHING BAND DEPARTMENT OF TIlE ARMY * JANUARY 1957 Property or Office of the Ciet / ilitary History *One6al Reference Branab *FM 12-50 FIELD MANUAL|1~DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 12-50 WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 11 January 1957 THE MARCHING BAND Paragraphs Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION --------------------------- 1-3 2 2. THE MARCHING BAND Section I. General ------------------------------- 4, 5 3 II. Formation ------------------------------ 6-9 4 III. Movements ------------------------ ------ 10-18 6 IV. Manual of the baton ---------------------------- 19-26 15 V. Baton signals -.------------- ----------------- 27-54 21 VI. Manual of instruments -------------------------- 55-68 43 CHAPTER 3. FIELD MUSIC Section I. Unit ----------------------------------- 69-76 66 II. Music -------- --------------------------- 77-79 70 CHAPTER 4. CEREMONIES Section I. Parades ------------------------------- - 80-82 79 II. Reviews -------------------------------- 83-91 84 III. Escorts and honor guards -------------- ______---- 92, 93 91 IV. Funerals ..----------------------------.94-98 96 V. Formal guard mounting ------------------- _____ 99, 100 101 INDEX ___________________________________----------------- - 104 *This manual supersedes FM 12-50, 20 July 1946, and TM 20-250, 20 September 1940. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose This manual has been compiled to serve as a guide to appropriate commanders in the training and utilization of an Army band as a marching unit in connection with military ceremonies, street parades, and appropriate patriotic events. 2. Scope The provisions of this manual set forth approved procedures per- taining to formations, movements, and general utilization of the marching band and field music units, with emphasis placed upon the function of the Iband in connection with the conduct of military cere- monies. 3. -
Cavalry Bugle Signals for NON-BUGLERS
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR Cavalry Bugle Signals FOR NON-BUGLERS WRITTEN WITH THE CAVALRY RE-ENACTOR IN MIND GIVING ALL THE CALLS FOR CAMP AND FIELD DUTY COMPLETE DEFINITIONS AND USAGE FOR EVERY SIGNAL TO WHICH IS ADDED MEMORIZATION DITTIES FOR EVERY CALL BY RICHARD D. LYNCH CAPTAIN, 1ST NEW HAMPSHIRE CAVALRY EDITED BY R. J. SAMP 2ND WISCONSIN VOLUNTEER INFANTRY CALIFORNIA: PUBLISHED BY THE ARMY OF THE PACIFIC PRESS DOM DAL BELLO, AOP BVT. COLONEL 1999. FORWARD! Nothing stirs the emotion of the cavalryman more than the sound of a bugle signaling the "Charge." Signaling the troops by the use of a horn goes back to the Roman empire. The daily routine of the American Civil war soldier was regulated by bugle signals, with the infantry, artillery and cavalry all having their own signals. Although the rank of bugler has disappeared from the modern army and the bugle is a symbol of an era gone by, bugling is a tradition that continues to live on for ceremonies and special occasions. As reenactors we constantly strive to improve upon our impression. If this work helps to assist the cavalry reenactor with a better understanding of the bugle, its proper use in reenacting and its importance in communicating commands by signals, then our objective has been met. R. Lynch 2 U.S. CAVALRY BUGLE SIGNALS WITH DEFINITIONS: 1841-1867 Numbered as per Cavalry Tactics, (J. R. Poinsett's, 1841 Manual, Third Part.) 1) The General Signal to pack up and break camp. Thirty minutes later you will hear, boots and saddles, fifteen minutes later assembly, and in another fifteen minutes march. -
Infantry Bugle Calls American Civil
Infantry Bugle Calls of the American Civil War Raymond Rammeloo Introduction This study attempts to compile the purpose of infantry bugle calls during the American Civil War based on the army regulations and tactics of the time. Several other musical and military sources have been used to complement these and highlight variations. The practical use of the signals may have differed from the conclusions presented here, as they were embraced by a diverse collection of civilian volunteer forces unaccustomed to military life, often lacking instruction from experienced personnel and they may not have had access to the sources discussed here. Notwithstanding these limitations, I hope this study forms a reasoned basis for living history enthusiasts wanting to employ the infantry bugle calls according to their original intention. A single comprehensive manual for the bugle from the period has not been found. Studying the more elaborate drum and fife manuals enables us to identifying the purpose of several bugle calls related to the daily military routine, especially where the regulations are vague. In such cases, the name of a bugle signal often links it to its drum equivalent, which intended use can often be traced. It is known that some infantry regiments counted both drummers and buglers in their ranks during the Civil War. However, the regulations and tactics of the day do not provide guidance in such case. Buglers were supposed to act as field music for light infantry, and drummers and fifers for heavy infantry, though the distinction between light and heavy was rather artificial (see Casey’s preface to his Infantry Tactics).