The Roman Wall Around Miles
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2017 Njcl Certamen Advanced Division Round One
2017 NJCL CERTAMEN ADVANCED DIVISION ROUND ONE 1. What author born on July 12, 100 BC led an illustrious political and military life, the latter of which he documented in painstaking detail in his Commentāriī dē Bellō Gallicō? (C. JULIUS) CAESAR B1: While there are eight books total in the Commentāriī dē Bellō Gallicō, Caesar only wrote the first seven. What lieutenant wrote the final book of his commentaries? (A.) HIRTIUS B2: What work of Caesar covered his war against Pompey? (COMMENTĀRIĪ) DĒ BELLŌ CĪVĪLĪ / BELLUM CĪVĪLE 2. Using one word, say in Latin: “It’s getting late.” (AD)VESPERĀSCIT B1: Now say in Latin using one word: “The dew will fall.” RŌRĀBIT B2: Now say in Latin using two words: “It was raining for a rather long time.” DIŪTIUS PLUĒBAT 3. What son of Gaia and Tartarus terrorized the gods until he was buried under Mt. Aetna? TYPH(A)ON / TYPHOEUS B1: After Typhon cut out Zeus’ sinews with a sickle, what two deities stole them back? HERMES AND AEGIPAN B2: Typhon fathered a passel of other monsters with what snake lady? ECHIDNA 4. According to tradition, what two small groups fought a duel to determine the outcome of a war between Rome and Alba Longa during the reign of Tullus Hostilius? HORĀTIĪ AND CŪRIĀTIĪ B1: After the duel, what incited the one surviving Horatius to kill his sister? SHE WEPT FOR ONE OF THE CURIATII TO WHOM SHE HAD BEEN BETROTHED B2: What was the name of the opposing ruler of Alba Longa? METTIUS FŪFETIUS 5. Dēscrībāmus nunc proprietātēs dictiōnum in hāc sententiā: Nūllum est iam dictum quod nōn dictum sit prius. -
Aldersgate Street London EC1A 4JQ
124 Aldersgate Street London EC1A 4JQ Charming self-contained Charming self-contained warehouse style office warehouse style office freehold with its own freehold with its own courtyard & rear garden courtyard & rear garden For Sale For Sale The Opportunity • Character Clerkenwell freehold, close to Smithfield, Farringdon and Barbican • Converted warehouse office building comprising a Net Internal Area of 4,981 sq ft (462.7 sq m) and a Gross Internal Area of 6,173 sq ft (573.5 sq m) • B1 officese u throughout • Exclusive private gated courtyard providing secure car parking for up to 3 cars • Secluded rear walled garden of approx. 1,500 sq ft • Attractive 1st floor terrace of approx. 600 sq ft • Potential to extend subject to securing the necessary consents • Sold with vacant possession on completion • Offers are invited for the freehold interest to include the front courtyard & rear garden Garden Lower Ground Floor Ground Floor Ground Floor Front Entrance The Location Connectivity The building sits in a cul-de-sac off Aldersgate Street with Charterhouse Square to the Barbican Station is within a minutes walk giving access to the Circle, west and Carthusian Street to the south. Clerkenwell Road is 300 metres to the north. Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan Lines. Farringdon Station is within 500 metres (7 minute walk) and is served by the same Tube lines, The immediate area benefits from the amenities of Smithfield Market and Clerkenwell Thameslink and Crossrail (from 2018). St Paul’s Station is a 10 minute walk Green, with a plethora of shops, bars and restaurants. The Barbican Centre, London to the south providing access to the Central Line. -
The Medieval and Renaissance Transmission of the Tabula Peutingeriana Patrick Gautier-Dalché
The Medieval and Renaissance Transmission of the Tabula Peutingeriana Patrick Gautier-Dalché Translated by W. L. North from the Italian “La trasmissione medievale e rinascimentale della Tabula Peutingeriana,” in Tabula Peutingeriana. Le Antiche Vie Del Mondo, a cura di Francesco Prontera. Florence: Leo S. Olschki 2003, pp. 43-52. The Tabula Peutingeriana has been studied primarily as an image of the Roman Empire and, in particular, of its network of roads; the identification of place names and of the itineraries represented there have been the object of innumerable studies. Yet one all too often forgets that it was also a document of the Middle Ages and Renaissance that can be examined as such from the perspective of cultural history. Although it may be difficult to evaluate its significance with precision, the Tabula certainly influenced several works of descriptive geography produced during the Middle Ages, and it is really thanks to a medieval copy that we are familiar with it. From the time of its discovery by Konrad Celtes, and despite his own desire to make it rapidly available to the public, it was used by German humanists only in a sporadic and limited way until the edition of M. Welser, which appeared in 1598. It has not been noted, however, that even before Celtes’ discovery, there was already an exemplar of the Tabula that was known from a direct witness and from a partial copy. The history of the Tabula’s reception is therefore much more complex than has been thought and often far from the ingenious reconstructions formulated starting in the XVIIIth century on the basis of what were, for the most part, unfounded hypotheses. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
Download Walking People at Your Service London
WALKING PEOPLE AT YOUR SERVICE IN THE CITY OF LONDON In association with WALKING ACCORDING TO A 2004 STUDY, WALKING IS GOOD COMMUTERS CAN EXPERIENCE FOR BUSINESS HAPPIER, MORE GREATER STRESS THAN FIGHTER PRODUCTIVE PILOTS GOING INTO BATTLE WORKFORCE We are Living Streets, the UK charity for everyday walking. For more than 85 years we’ve been a beacon for this simple act. In our early days our campaigning led to the UK’s first zebra crossings and speed limits. 94% SAID THAT Now our campaigns, projects and services deliver real ‘GREEN EXERCISE’ 109 change to overcome barriers to walking and LIKE WALKING JOURNEYS BETWEEN CENTRAL our groundbreaking initiatives encourage IMPROVED THEIR LONDON UNDERGROUND STATIONS MENTAL HEALTH ARE ACTUALLY QUICKER ON FOOT millions of people to walk. Walking is an integral part of all our lives and it can provide a simple, low cost solution to the PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMMES increasing levels of long-term health conditions AT WORK HAVE BEEN FOUND TO caused by physical inactivity. HALF REDUCE ABSENTEEISM BY UP TO Proven to have positive effects on both mental and OF LONDON CAR JOURNEYS ARE JUST physical health, walking can help reduce absenteeism OVER 1 MILE, A 25 MINUTE WALK 20% and staff turnover and increase productivity levels. With more than 20 years’ experience of getting people walking, we know what works. We have a range of 10,000 services to help you deliver your workplace wellbeing 1 MILE RECOMMENDED WALKING activities which can be tailored to fit your needs. NUMBER OF DAILY 1 MILE BURNS Think of us as the friendly experts in your area who are STEPS UP TO 100 looking forward to helping your workplace become CALORIES happier, healthier and more productive. -
Roman Roads of Britain
Roman Roads of Britain A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 04 Jul 2013 02:32:02 UTC Contents Articles Roman roads in Britain 1 Ackling Dyke 9 Akeman Street 10 Cade's Road 11 Dere Street 13 Devil's Causeway 17 Ermin Street 20 Ermine Street 21 Fen Causeway 23 Fosse Way 24 Icknield Street 27 King Street (Roman road) 33 Military Way (Hadrian's Wall) 36 Peddars Way 37 Portway 39 Pye Road 40 Stane Street (Chichester) 41 Stane Street (Colchester) 46 Stanegate 48 Watling Street 51 Via Devana 56 Wade's Causeway 57 References Article Sources and Contributors 59 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 61 Article Licenses License 63 Roman roads in Britain 1 Roman roads in Britain Roman roads, together with Roman aqueducts and the vast standing Roman army, constituted the three most impressive features of the Roman Empire. In Britain, as in their other provinces, the Romans constructed a comprehensive network of paved trunk roads (i.e. surfaced highways) during their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 - 410 AD). This article focuses on the ca. 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of Roman roads in Britain shown on the Ordnance Survey's Map of Roman Britain.[1] This contains the most accurate and up-to-date layout of certain and probable routes that is readily available to the general public. The pre-Roman Britons used mostly unpaved trackways for their communications, including very ancient ones running along elevated ridges of hills, such as the South Downs Way, now a public long-distance footpath. -
Review of Polling Districts and Polling Places PDF 625 KB
Committee: Policy and Resources Committee Date: 2 October 2014 Subject: Review of Polling Districts and Polling Public Places Report of: Town Clerk For Decision Summary Each local authority is required to periodically conduct reviews into the polling districts and polling places used at UK Parliamentary elections within its area. The Electoral Registration and Administration Act 2013 introduced a change to the timing of these compulsory reviews, requiring a review to be started and completed by each local authority between 1 October 2013 and 31 January 2015 (inclusive), and in accordance with this timetable, the City of London has been conducting a review of its arrangements. In conducting the review, the City has been required to take certain steps set out in Schedule A1 of the Representation of the People Act (1983). Having following the statutory process, this report is to make recommendations to the Committee for the future arrangements for polling stations and polling places in the City to be used at UK Parliamentary elections. Recommendations The Committee is requested to agree that:- There should be no changes to the existing boundaries of polling district AL. Situated in the western part of the City, AL district contains the Bread Street, Castle Baynard, Cordwainer, Cheap, Farringdon Within, Farringdon Without, Queenhithe, and Vintry Wards. The polling place for AL polling district should continue to be St Bride Foundation, Bride Lane. There should be no changes to the existing boundaries of polling district CL. Situated on the Eastern side of the City, it covers Aldgate, Billingsgate, Bishopsgate, Bridge and Bridge Without, Broad Street, Candlewick, Cornhill, Dowgate, Langbourn, Lime Street, Portsoken, Tower and Walbrook Wards. -
New Latin Grammar
NEW LATIN GRAMMAR BY CHARLES E. BENNETT Goldwin Smith Professor of Latin in Cornell University Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles: Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. —HORACE, Ars Poetica. COPYRIGHT, 1895; 1908; 1918 BY CHARLES E. BENNETT PREFACE. The present work is a revision of that published in 1908. No radical alterations have been introduced, although a number of minor changes will be noted. I have added an Introduction on the origin and development of the Latin language, which it is hoped will prove interesting and instructive to the more ambitious pupil. At the end of the book will be found an Index to the Sources of the Illustrative Examples cited in the Syntax. C.E.B. ITHACA, NEW YORK, May 4, 1918 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The present book is a revision of my Latin Grammar originally published in 1895. Wherever greater accuracy or precision of statement seemed possible, I have endeavored to secure this. The rules for syllable division have been changed and made to conform to the prevailing practice of the Romans themselves. In the Perfect Subjunctive Active, the endings -īs, -īmus, -ītis are now marked long. The theory of vowel length before the suffixes -gnus, -gna, -gnum, and also before j, has been discarded. In the Syntax I have recognized a special category of Ablative of Association, and have abandoned the original doctrine as to the force of tenses in the Prohibitive. Apart from the foregoing, only minor and unessential modifications have been introduced. In its main lines the work remains unchanged. -
The Roman Legacy by Michael Coleman
School Radio The Roman legacy By Michael Coleman NARRATOR: By 410 AD Romans and Britons had been living together for a long time. They’d married, had children and grandchildren. If you could trace your family tree back far enough, you’d probably find a Roman ancestor! Britain was still ruled by the Romans and protected by the Roman Army – but that was about to end. In 410 AD, the Romans stopped ruling Britain and their army left for good. The Roman Empire was crumbling. It was being attacked on all sides. That included Britain, which was being threatened by warlike peoples coming from countries like Holland and Germany. SHOUT#1: Help! We’re being attacked over here! Send some Roman soldiers! SHOUT#2: What about us? We’re being attacked here as well! SHOUT#3: Hold on, hold on! The Roman army can’t help you all! NARRATOR: So the Roman emperors of the time had to make a choice – who should we help and who should we leave to fight their own battles? For a while they defended Britain...but finally withdrew their army in 410 AD. So what evidence is there in modern Britain to show that the Romans were once here? The short answer to that question is: loads! Every British place name that ends in ‘chester’ or ‘cester’ or ‘castor’, or in the case of Welsh places starts with ‘caer’, is a sure sign that the Romans were there – because they all come from the Latin word ‘castra’ which means camp or fort. And as you can tell from the number of them those Romans did a lot of ‘roman about’! The biggest place they roamed to is London – or, as it was then, ‘Londinium’.. -
CLAUDIUS and the POLITICS of AD AGG Gibson University Of
‘ALL THINGS TO ALL MEN’: CLAUDIUS AND THE POLITICS OF AD 41 A.G.G. Gibson University of St Andrews The violent overthrow of a regime causes disjuncture and this can have unexpected outcomes. The combined conspiracies to kill Gaius (Caligula) in ad41 descended into chaos because of the ferocious reaction of the Germani (the imperial bodyguard) and the discretion of the Praetorians. Claudius emerged from the metaphorical dust and ashes as princeps and this essay will look at how he cemented his position through his exploitation of issuing coinage, one of the permanent ways to disseminate propaganda. In this case it was the distribution of a political manifesto. The essay will concentrate on one iconographic image in particular, the aureus and denarius PRAETOR RECEPT, PraetorianiRecepti, usually translated as the ‘Praetorians Received’ and shows the debt Claudius owed to the Guard; they greet each other in an act of mutual trust,1 it is one of the seven diferent issues struck in the early months of Claudius’ rule during ad41, and the companion to the IMPER RECEPT issue, Imperator Receptus, which can be translated as ‘Imperator Received’, (loyalty/assistance from the Guard who took Claudius to the Praetorian camp after the murder).2 I will argue that the iconography was con dent and its subtlety had far-reaching consequences for Rome. Initially there will be a brief outline of Gaius’ murder followed by a consideration of the act of succession in the early rst century and the subsequent political manoeuvrings of the new emperor, Claudius. 1 RIC 1.38; BMCRE I 8–10 are from ad41/2. -
Pompeii & Naples
POMPEII & NAPLES BAY: ANCIENT ROMAN WATER SUPPLIES & WATER USE REPORT OF FIELD OBSERVATIONS ‐ SEPTEMBER 2016 Wayne Lorenz i PREFACE The Wright Paleohydrological Institute (WPI) has been researching the Aqua Augusta, the ancient Roman aqueduct that served the Naples Bay region of Italy, including the ancient City of Pompeii, and water use in the city. A few facts regarding the aqueduct and related water systems provide some background to this report. First, ancient Pompeii can justifiably be identified as the most famous archaeological site in the world (Berry, 2007), likely due to its preservation under about 3 to 12 meters (10 to 40 feet) of volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. It was here that the modern study of “archaeology” began when the city started to be unearthed over 250 years ago. It is interesting to note that Pompeii is about 75 percent excavated and has revealed many unique details of Roman culture and technology. The archaeological areas of Pompeii, (as well as Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata) were listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1997. The historic center of Naples is also a UNESCO site. The engineering and construction of the Aqua Augusta (also known as the Serino Aqueduct) provided a fresh water supply to communities and fostered economic development in the Naples Bay region during the first century A.D. The aqueduct supplied Pompeii and at least 9 other distinct communities, plus multiple villas, in the Bay of Naples through a system of ten side branches. This seems to have been the most complex single aqueduct ever built by the Romans (Keenan-Jones, 2010). -
The Lost Church of St Botolph
The Lost Church of St Botolph St Botolph was a 7th-century East Anglian saint, traditionally associated with the pre-Conquest monastic community at Icanho (probably Iken near Snape in Suffolk). This monastery was allegedly destroyed in Viking raids and the saint’s relics were then removed in the 10th century (although Pestell contends that the story of the destruction may have merely been justification for the removal - Pestell 2004, 91). The translation of the relics ultimately entailed the splitting of the body into three parts for distribution to different monastic establishments: the head went to Ely, the middle part to Thorney, and the remainder to Westminster. In London, four churches were dedicated to the saint: St Botolph’s Aldgate, Aldersgate, Bishopsgate and Billingsgate. All the London churches were located next to gateways in the city wall, even Billingsgate where the foundations of the lost church were excavated in the 1980s next to river access through the remains of the Roman riverside wall. This association with boundaries seems to have been common by the end of the 11th century and indeed St Botolph Billingsgate was where merchants from Flanders, Normandy and the Rhineland paid tolls. Even churches abroad, such as St Botolph in Viborg, Denmark, were located at the boundary of the medieval town (Morris 1989, 219). The position of the lost St Botolph in Norwich therefore is intriguing. The earliest known documentary reference to the Norwich church is in the later 13th century when it is referred to as (Ecclesia) Sancti Botulphi (Sandred and Lindström 1989, 36) but it seems very probable that the church existed before 1066.