CANNABIS TODAY IN COMMUNITY EDUCATION by CANADA PONTIAC GROUP http://www.cannabisbusinesstim es.com/banding-together.aspx http://anishinabeknews.ca/201 7/04/28/first-nation-owned- and-operated-firm-looks-to- advance-economic- development-initiatives/ https://www.leafly.com/news/c anada/indigenous-cannabis- revitalizing-first-nation- economies-through-legalization

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STORIES ON PONTIAC LEADERSHIP Concerns of Public Interest Regulatory Medical Economic CANNABIS 101

Brief History of Cannabis in North America Pontiac Group and around the world

Science and Medicinal FN awareness Thinking

Provincial and Business Federal opportunities Government activity Prohibiting Sale of Cannabis from OCS

Writing own laws concerning cannabis retail and cultivation

Minister Blair informs Aboriginal Peoples Standing Committee (Senate) that FN’s who desire to set up autonomous-framework aligned with provincial and federal framework will be able to do so

FIRST NATION CANNABIS 7 Leaf first cultivation license on-reserve MOVEMENT 250 community engagements 90% favourable outcomes Elders: ‘bad smoke’ … So a health approach Youth: recreational use … So a health approach General: Profit …. So an economic approach

Overall, a public health focus within the Nation, and a public PONTIAC’S EXPERIENCE WITHIN market focus outside the Nation. AN EDUCATION CONTEXT Currently, illegal

1

Shut down on many reserves, often by order of Council.

2

Section 35 of 1985 Constitution which permits Indigenous people to use traditional medicines.

3

Cannabis production and sale EDUCATION CONTEXT: on-reserve is a contested issue DISPENSARIES with no clear jurisprudence yet. CASE STUDY: 6 NATIONS & MOHAWKS BAY OF QUINTE

http://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/first-nations-entrepreneurs- are-asserting-sovereignty-and-seizing-the-new-cannabis- economy-1.4481747

In 6 Nations, the raids are supported by Council; but Chief Hill believes Ontario rules do not apply in her jurisdiction

In Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte territory, Chief Maracle, has 45+ dispensaries operating.

Spokesperson for Attorney General of Ontario: provinces cannabis laws apply on reserve; open to working with communities to handle cannabis sales within the framework of the law.

Spokesperson for the Prime Minister: The sale of any cannabis outside the licence regime will remain a criminal offence. HISTORY IN CANADA & AROUND THE WORLD TIMELINE OF LEGALIZATION IN CANADA

ACMPR 2016

C-45 2018 ACMPR: ACCESS TO CANNABIS FOR MEDICAL

PURPOSES REGULATIONS In June 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada, in R. v. Smith, decided that Over time, court restricting legal decisions resulted in access to only a number of dried marijuana The ACMPR is This led to the changes to the was Canada's response implementation of MMAR. In June unconstitutional. The to the Federal Legal access to the Marihuana 2013, the Court decided that Court of Canada's The ACMPR are dried marijuana for Medical Access Government of individuals with a February 2016 designed to medical purposes Regulations Canada medical need have decision in Allard v. provide an was first provided (MMAR) in 2001. implemented the the right to use and Canada. This immediate solution in 1999 using The MMAR Marihuana for make other decision found that required to unique section 56 enabled individuals Medical Purposes cannabis products. requiring address the Court exemptions under with the Regulations To eliminate individuals to get judgement. Moving the Controlled authorization of (MMPR). The MMPR uncertainty around their marijuana forward, Health Drugs and their health care created conditions a legal source of only from licensed Canada will Substances Act practitioner to for a commercial supply of cannabis, producers violated evaluate how a (CDSA). The access dried industry responsible the Minister of liberty and security system of medical decision in R. v. marijuana for for the production Health issued rights protected by access to cannabis Parker in 2000 medical purposes and distribution of section 56 class section 7 of the should function held that by producing their marijuana for exemptions under Canadian Charter alongside the individuals with a own marijuana medical purposes. the CDSA in July of Rights and Government's medical need had plants, designating Under the MMPR, 2015, to allow, Freedoms. The commitment to the right to possess someone to individuals with a among other things, Court found that legalize, strictly marijuana for produce for them medical need could licensed producers individuals who regulate and medical purposes. or purchasing access quality- to produce and sell require marijuana restrict access to Health Canada controlled dried cannabis oil and for medical marijuana. supply. marijuana fresh marijuana purposes did not produced under buds and leaves in have "reasonable secure and sanitary addition to dried access". conditions. marijuana, and to allow authorized users to possess and alter different forms of cannabis. WWW.MARIJUANALAWS.CA/ACMPR- PRODUCTION.HTML

Overall, the ACMPR contain four parts.

Part 1 is similar to the framework under the MMPR. It sets out a framework for commercial production by licensed producers responsible for the production and distribution of quality-controlled fresh or dried marijuana or cannabis oil or starting materials (i.e., marijuana seeds and plants) in secure and sanitary conditions.

Part 2 is similar to the former MMAR regime. It sets out provisions for individuals to produce cannabis at home for their own medical purposes or to designate someone to produce it for them.

Parts 3 and 4 include:

Transitional provisions, which mainly relate to the continuation of MMPR activities by licensed producers

Consequential amendments to other regulations that referenced the MMPR (i.e., Narcotic Control Regulations, New Classes of Practitioners Regulations) to update definitions and broaden the scope of products beyond dried marijuana

Provisions repealing the MMPR and setting out the coming into force of the ACMPR on August 24, 2016

As of August 24, 2016, Health Canada will accept applications from individuals who wish to register to produce a limited amount of cannabis for their own medical purposes or to designate someone to produce cannabis for them.

Under the ACMPR, Health Canada will continue to accept and process applications to become a licensed producer that were submitted under the former MMPR.

Further, all licences and security clearances granted under the MMPR will continue under the ACMPR, which means that licensed producers can continue to register and supply clients with cannabis for medical purposes. New applicants can continue to apply for licences to produce under the ACMPR. Federal legislation enacted by the Trudeau government Furthering cannabis beyond medicinal and into non- medicinal use as well; what most call recreational, and that required changes to the criminal code as well as brand new legislation. Provinces also have their own Cannabis Act. Effective October 18, 2018. CANNABIS ACT, BILL C-45 & BILL https://ocscannabisupdates.com C-46, ACT TO AMEND THE / CRIMINAL CODE BILL C-45 (APRIL 13, 2017)

The objectives of the Act are to prevent young persons from accessing cannabis, to protect public health and public safety by establishing strict product safety and product quality requirements and to deter criminal activity by imposing serious criminal penalties for those operating outside the legal framework. The Act is also intended to reduce the burden on the criminal justice system in relation to cannabis. https://openparliament.ca/bills/42-1/C-45/ https://globalnews.ca/news/428594 6/marijuana-legal-date-october-17- canada-trudeau-confirms/ Passed Senate June 19 and announced October 18, 2018 as official date Reason is that Trudeau promised provinces and municipalities 12 weeks notice, no First Nation notice No edibles until 2019! 19 years of age, online, and home grow in all of Canada* (18 in AB & QC) No police devices for impaired cannabis driving have been BILL C-45 NEWS approved Age of use

Place of use

Purchase Limits

Source of Product (home grow or LP or both)

Variety of Product (edibles, flower, oils)

Referendum or By-Law procedure

Or banishment: letter to minister of finance

CODE CANNABIS ON-RESERVE WHAT THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO HAS REPEATED CAMH SUGGESTIONS

COUNCIL CAN IMPLEMENT THE PROVISIONS LISTED HERE, SIMILAR TO ON, AND CANADA. MEDICAL V RECREATIONAL

Doctors and Age of Majority Dr. Rx Celebrity PhDs as representatives representatives

ACMPR CBD focus Cannabis Act THC focus

Non-smoking Smoking methods & Target: relief methods Target: Euphoria sugary of symptoms (topical cream, consumables oral pill) (pops, gummies) Medicinal Non-Medicinal THC & CBD USES

Image: Leafly ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM: HOMO SAPEIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vtc11kRinf4

SCIENCE FILME HOME GROW HOME GROW

Ontario allows 4 plants per residence so does the Federal Government https://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/campai gns/introduction-cannabis-act-questions- answers.html#a4

Likely, reserves will too; if you own the residence or have a medical license. OCS

Retail model for Province of Ontario

Detailed in Ontario’s Cannabis Act and Ontario’s Retail Cannabis Corporations Act

LCBO controlled entity SASKETCHEWAN NEWS ON TAX

Here is a sample breakdown from the federal Department of Finance's website of how the purchase of one gram of dried cannabis looks for a non-status person who pays GST/HST. Pre-duty price: $8 Excise duty (per gram): $1 Subtotal: $9 GST/HST: $1.17 Total: $10.17 http://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/first-nations-tax-exempt-cannabis-1.4481386 Conclusion: laws are associated https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalm with significantly lower state-level opioid OPIATES edicine/fullarticle/1898878 overdose mortality rates. REPLACED BY CANNABIS IN Marcus A. Bachhuber, MD1; Brendan Saloner, PhD; Chinazo O. Cunningham, MD; et al USA • Published October 2014 Method: A time-series analysis was conducted of medical cannabis laws and state-level death certificate data in the United States from 1999 to 2010; all 50 states were included. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395917300130

Medical cannabis access, use, and substitution for prescription opioids and other substances: A survey of authorized medical cannabis patients OPIATES International Journal of Drug Policy REPLACED BY Volume 42, April 2017, Pages 30-35 CANNABIS IN Phillipe Lewis; Zach Walsh CANADA 271 Tillray Patients surveyed in 2014 Result: 63% of people substituted prescription drugs for cannabis

30% Opiate related Thunderbird Partnership Foundation

MUCH OTHER DATA EXISTS http://thunderbirdpf.org /wp- CANNABIS BRIEF FOR content/uploads/2017/ INDIGENOUS 07/Legalizing- COMMUNITIES Cannabis_FINAL.pdf OPIATES http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ottawa- prescribe-heroin-methadone-1.4591058

Ottawa has removed the requirement to have federal legal exemption to prescribe methadone and heroin. Legal weed: An http://www.macleans.ca/s ociety/legal-weed-an- accidental solution to accidental-solution-to-the- OPIATES the opioid crisis? opioid-crisis/ DIABETES

https://herb.co/marijuana/news/cannabis-help-diabetes

Cannabis calms the autoimmune system.

Cannabis reduces inflammation

Cannabis provides homeostatic cascade.

Diabetes 1: immune system attacks pancreas

Diabetes 2: increases insulin sensitivity DIABETES

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11357882/

Examination of the immunosuppressive effect of delta9- in streptozotocin- induced autoimmune diabetes.

RESULT: delta9-THC is capable of attenuating the severity of the autoimmune response in this experimental model of autoimmune diabetes. DIABETES https://www.healthline.com/health-news/aging- cannabis-derived-drug-could-treat-type-2- diabetes-072313

THCV treating London based patients with type 2 diabetes successfully.

Supports pancreatic insulin generation (via islet cell preservation) ADDICTION

“The root of addiction is pain” -Dr. Gabor Mate

“People in pain deserve a way out of pain” - Chief Ignace Gull Marked largely by racist ideology Patent held by US and not medicinal Gov for cannabis facts… (Chasing as the Scream, neuroprotectant. Johann Hari, P No. 6630507 2016 January)

HISTORY OF PROHIBITION AND MARIHUANA

Same plant

Difference is THC content; which spurs other , terpenes, and flavonoids PROMINENT STRAIN SUMMARY

Canada’s medical cannabis has Royal Assent Canada’s recreational cannabis has Royal Assent The science on medical cannabis is positive and expanding There is evidence that cannabis is an exit drug (not a gateway) Industry privatization has led to enormous wealth generation First Nations are participating in the cannabis sector BUT more input is needed from membership EVERY PLANT HAS A HEALING PURPOSE. Indigenous Proverb https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYwUJcu4DwA Short Documentary: The world of the weed. (2013)

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