2008 Minerals Yearbook

U.S. Department of the Interior December 2010 U.S. Geological Survey Th e Mi n e r a l In d u s t r y o f Bu l g a r i a By Mark Brininstool

Bulgaria’s mineral industry included mine output of ferrous was about $1,150 million.1 NA announced that the company and nonferrous metals, mineral fuels (mainly coal), and such planned to rename itself beginning sometime in 2009 industrial minerals as clays, gypsum, and rock salt. Additionally, (Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, 2008a, b; 2009, p. 119). the metallurgical sector smelted and refined copper, gold, iron Gold.—In 2008, 4,160 kilograms (kg) of gold were produced and steel, lead, silver, and zinc. Cement, dimension stone, and in Bulgaria. In previous years, table 1 showed production of other construction materials also were produced. On a world gold metal, but it is believed that the production figures actually scale, however, Bulgaria’s mineral industry was small and represented gold content of concentrate. The category label has mainly of regional importance. been corrected in table 1 of this report. Dundee Precious Metals Inc. announced plans to expand its Minerals in the National Economy Chelopech mining project to produce up to 2 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of ore, from about 1 Mt/yr in 2008, and In 2008, Bulgaria’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased to build a facility to process the ore. In July, the Bulgarian by about 6% compared with the country’s GDP in 2007. The Government approved the environmental impact assessment total value of industrial production increased by 3% in 2008 and for the mine expansion and processing plant construction after accounted for about 25.1% of the GDP. In 2007 (the latest year for Dundee agreed to pay higher royalties on mine production and which data were available), mining and quarrying activities made gave the Government a 25% interest in the processing facility. up 4.4% of the value of industrial production (National Statistical After the construction permits are approved, Dundee estimated Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2008, p. 114; 2009). that it would take 18 months to complete construction of the processing plant. Dundee planned to continue producing gold Production and copper concentrate and to ship the concentrate to Namibian Custom Smelters (NCS) in Namibia for processing until the new Copper content of concentrate production increased by 5% processing plant in Bulgaria is completed (Dundee Precious compared with that of 2007, and refined copper production Metals Inc., 2008; 2009, p. 15, 16; Ilieva, 2008c). increased by 81%. Lead and zinc content of concentrate In 2008, Cambridge Mineral Resources Plc of the United production decreased by 21% and 13%, respectively, but refined Kingdom, Euromax Resources Ltd. of Canada, and International lead and zinc production increased by 5% and 2%, respectively. Resources Holdings Ltd. of Australia operated exploration Pig iron production decreased by 59% and crude steel projects in Bulgaria, but by the end of 2008, Euromax did not production decreased by 30%. For industrial minerals, perlite have any active operations in the country. Throughout 2006 production decreased by 50%; barite production, by an estimated and 2007, Euromax was unable to continue exploration at 21%; and kaolin production, by 6%. Bentonite production its Popintsi license because of opposition by local residents increased by 80%; silica sand production, by 33%; and sand and and subsequent restrictions on Euromax’s exploration license gravel production, by 12%. Natural gas production decreased by by the Bulgarian Government. According to Euromax, the 26%, and crude petroleum production decreased by 4%. Government terminated the company’s initial 3-year license on August 6, 2007, but did not inform the company of this action Structure of the Mineral Industry until May 21, 2008. After the August 6 termination of the license, the Bulgarian Government collected rent from Euromax Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. for the following year (through August 6, 2008). When Euromax discovered that its license had been terminated, it sought to Commodity Review reinstate the Popintsi license or to obtain compensation for the rent that it had paid after its license was terminated, but by the Metals end of 2008 the issue was still not settled. In December 2008, Euromax decided to discontinue exploration at its Trun property Copper.—Refined copper production increased by about after Teck Cominco Ltd. of Canada decided not to exercise its 81% in 2008 compared with that of 2007 owing to new option to obtain a 55% share of the project in return for a 4-year facilities at the copper plant. The construction of a new $3 million investment (Euromax Resources Ltd., 2009, p. 8, 34). tankhouse was completed in October 2007, which raised the Iron and Steel.—The significant reduction in output of pig Pirdop plant’s annual capacity to 180,000 metric tons (t) of iron and crude steel in 2008 is attributable mainly to decreases electrolytic copper from about 70,000 t. The old tankhouse in production by Kremikovtzi A.D. At the end of 2007, was shut down after the new refinery began operating. In Kremikovtzi’s debt had reportedly reached about $1.14 billion, September 2007, Norddeutsche Affinerie AG (NA) purchased which led to rumors that the plant would need to close. In 29.08% of the Cumerio Group, which owned the Pirdop copper processing plant, and in September 2008, NA purchased the 1Where necessary, values have been converted from European euros (€) to remaining 70.92% of Cumerio. The overall purchasing price U.S. dollars at the rate of €0.68=US$1.00.

Bulgaria—2008 7.1 January 2008, trade unions representing Kremikovtzi employees Intertrust Holding announced that it would make significant accused the plant’s majority owner, Global Steel Holdings Ltd. reductions in employment at its various companies; the largest (GSHL) of India, of mismanagement and called for GSHL’s number of cuts would take place at Gorubso Co., which was removal from ownership. By the end of February, it was a lead-zinc mining company. Intertrust hoped to rehire the reported that ArcelorMittal, U.S. Steel Corp., and two Ukrainian workers but would be able to do so only if the economic companies, Metinvest, and Vorskla Steel, among others, were situation improved and metals prices increased (Ilieva, 2008b). interested in purchasing GSHL’s 71% stake in Kremikovtzi. In May, Kremikovtzi accepted $46.79 million in emergency Mineral Fuels and Related Materials financing from ArcelorMittal of Luxembourg. Vorskla Steel had offered similar financial assistance. In July, Kremikovtzi signed Coal.—In 2007 (the latest year for which data were available), a production deal with ArcelorMittal in which ArcelorMittal about 97% of all coal produced in Bulgaria went to thermal would provide raw materials for the production of steel at the powerplants. Mini Maritsa Iztok EAD was the leading coal Kremikovtzi plant, but the deal was opposed by Kremikovtzi producer in Bulgaria, and in 2008, it produced about 24.7 million employees, and about a week later the deal was abandoned for metric tons (Mt) of lignite (Eurocoal, 2009; Republic of Bulgaria a similar production deal with Vorskla Steel. Kremikovtzi’s Ministry of Economy, Energy, and Tourism, 2009, p. 6). monthly production of steel reportedly dropped to 10,000 metric Natural Gas.—In 2008, all natural gas production in Bulgaria tons per month (t/mo) in July 2008 compared with 150,000 t/mo took place at Melrose Resources S.a.r.l.’s Galata field, which in July 2007. The City Court declared Kremikovtzi is located off the coast of Varna in the Black Sea. The Galata insolvent on August 6, 2008, and bankruptcy proceedings began. field provided about 6.5% of the gas consumed in Bulgaria; the Investors claiming to own €325 (about $480 million) worth other 93.5% was imported from Russia. On January 31, 2009, of Kremikovtzi bonds purchased in 2006 said that they would Melrose stopped production at the Galata field because the appeal the ruling because it stated that Kremikovtzi had been field’s gas resources had been almost completely depleted, and insolvent since 2005, which hurt the investors’ chances of the company began the process of converting the gasfield into recovering their investment. In October, Kremikovtzi began a gas storage facility. Melrose expected the storage facility to taking steps to shut down two blast furnaces and its coke begin operating in the third quarter of 2009; the storage capacity batteries after Vorskla Steel suspended its production agreement. of the facility was expected eventually to reach 1.8 billion cubic By the end of the year, potential deals with ArcelorMittal and meters. Melrose also explored for gas near the Galata field, and Vorskla Steel for the purchase of Kremikovtzi had apparently in 2008, it estimated reserves of about 1.3 billion cubic meters at been abandoned and Companhia Siderurgica Nacional (CSN) the Kaliakra well located 15 kilometers (km) east of the Galata of Brazil and Smart-Group of Ukraine were each negotiating to well and 0.68 billion cubic meters at the two wells purchase the plant; by the end of 2008 and into the beginning located 7 km east of the Galata well. The company expected of 2009, however, no deal had been reached for the sale of to begin production at Kaliakra in the second half of 2010 and Kremikovtzi (Bivol, 2008; Bulgaria Gazette, 2008; Ilieva, at Kavarna in the third quarter of 2009. Although exploration 2008a, d-g; Walker, 2008). was being undertaken, there did not appear to be any immediate Lead and Zinc.—Bulgaria was mostly dependent on imports source to replace the Galata field (Melrose Resources Plc, 2009, of lead and zinc ores and concentrate to supply the KCM S.A. p. 17; Republic of Bulgaria Ministry of Economy, Energy, and and Lead and Zinc Complex Plc (LZC) refineries. In 2008, Tourism, 2009, p. 6). Bulgaria imported about 72,000 t of lead and 73,000 t of On January 18, the Governments of Bulgaria and Russia zinc in the form of metal content of ore or concentrates. The signed an agreement that confirmed Bulgarian participation in main imports of lead content of ore or concentrate came from the proposed South Stream natural gas pipeline. The pipeline Macedonia (33,000 t), Poland (15,000 t), Serbia (9,000 t), and would transport natural gas from Russia across the Black Sea Turkey (8,000 t). Bulgaria exported about 80,000 t of refined and through Bulgaria to Europe. Originally, the pipeline had lead, with the majority of exports going to Turkey (23,000 t), been expected to be completed in 2013 or 2014 and was to have Spain (20,000 t), and (10,000 t). Zinc content of ore or had a total capacity of about 30 billion cubic meters per year of concentrate imports included 31,000 t from Macedonia; 14,000 t gas, but in May 2009, the proposed capacity was increased to from Peru; 13,000 t from Poland; and 9,000 t from Serbia. 63 billion cubic meters and expected completion was delayed Bulgaria exported 94,000 t of refined zinc, with the majority until the end of 2015. The Bulgarian Government also was of exports going to Turkey (46,000 t) and Greece (20,000 t) one of the shareholders in Nabucco Gas Pipeline International (International Lead and Zinc Study Group, 2009, p. 24, 56). GmbH (Nabucco). Nabucco planned to build a 31-billion-cubic- In November, two lead-zinc ore mining companies announced meter-per-year gas pipeline from the Caspian region to Europe; staff reductions and reduced production. Rudmetal JSC the pipeline would run through Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, announced that it would stop production at its Dimov Dol Mine Hungary, and Austria (Ilieva, 2008h; Bush, 2009; Nabucco Gas near and that workers would either retire or go on leave Pipeline International GmbH, 2009). for an indefinite amount of time. Rudmetal hoped that the mine Uranium.—The production of uranium oxide for the past could begin operating again within 6 months and that it could then 5 years was revised from an estimated 600 t to no production reemploy its 200 workers, but this would likely be possible only in table 1 of this report. It now appears that no uranium if the prices of lead and zinc were to increase significantly. Earlier oxide was produced in Bulgaria since the early 1990s when in the year, the company had released 20% of its workforce to the Government closed the country’s uranium mines owing reduce costs and avoid bankruptcy (Novinite, 2008). to environmental concerns and the high cost of uranium 7.2 u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2008 production. Kozloduy NPP operated two nuclear reactors that Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008d, L. Mittal said interested in Bulgaria’s Kremikovtzi: produced about 34% of Bulgaria’s electricity using nuclear fuel Reuters, March 16. (Accessed March 26, 2009, at http://www.reuters.com/ article/companyNews/idUSL1632323120080316.) purchased from the Russian company TVEL Corp. In 2006, Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008e, Press digest—Bulgaria—July 16: Reuters, July 16. Kozloduy and TVEL signed an agreement for TVEL to continue (Accessed July 21, 2009, at http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssSteel/ supplying nuclear fuel for Kozloduy’s reactors until 2020. idUSL164547320080716.) On September 3, 2009, Atomstroyexport JSC officially began Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008f, Unions want steelmaker Kremikovtzi’s Indian owner to go: Reuters, January 15. (Accessed July 20, 2009, at http://www.reuters.com/ preparing the site where two 1,000-megawatt reactors would be article/rbssIndustryMaterialsUtilitiesNews/idUSL1548983520080115.) constructed at , and in December, Bulgaria’s Natsionalna Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008g, UPDATE 1—Kremikovtzi drops Arcelor for Elektricheska Kompania (NEK) EAD and ’s RWE Ukraine deal—unions: Reuters, July 11. (Accessed July 21, 2009, at Power AG (RWE) signed a joint-venture agreement that would http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssSteel/idUSL1116125920080711.) Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008h, UPDATE 3—Bulgaria signs up for Russian give RWE a 49% ownership share of the Belene nuclear reactor natural gas project: Reuters, January 18. (Accessed August 7, 2009, at (TVEL Corp., 2006; Sofia Echo, The, 2007; Kozloduy NPP, 2009; http://www.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUSL1871461920080118.) Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD, 2009, p. 35-36). International Lead and Zinc Study Group, 2009, Lead and zinc statistics— Monthly bulletin of the International Lead and Zinc Study Group: Lisbon, Portugal, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, v. 39, no. 7, July. Outlook Kozloduy NPP, 2009, About the plant: Kozloduy NPP. (Accessed August 19, 2009, at http://www.kznpp.org/index.php?lang=en&p=about_ Future developments in the mineral industry of Bulgaria will aec&p1=company_profile.) most likely be tied to overall economic performance in Bulgaria Melrose Resources Plc, 2009, Annual report and accounts 2008: Melrose Resources Plc, 76 p. (Accessed August 7, 2009, at and Europe. The deterioration of global economic conditions http://miranda.hemscott.com/ir/mrs/ar_2008/download/pdf/ar2008.pdf.) in the fourth quarter of 2008 strongly affected Bulgaria’s Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH, 2009, Project description/ mineral industry as demand for metals and construction materials Pipeline route: Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH. (Accessed significantly declined. The Bulgarian Chamber of Mining and August 10, 2009, at http://www.nabucco-pipeline.com/project/ project-description-pipeline-route/project-description.html.) Geology predicts that economic conditions in 2009 will result in National Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2008, Statistical a decrease in mining output of between 30% and 50% in 2009 reference book of the Republic of Bulgaria 2008: Sofia, Bulgaria, National (Bulgarian Chamber of Mining and Geology, 2009, p. 27, 33, 35). Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria, 193 p. National Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2009, Gross domestic product—Fourth quarter of 2008 and 2008: National Statistical Institute References Cited of the Republic of Bulgaria, March 11. (Accessed August 6, 2009, via http://www.nsi.bg/SiteMap_e/SiteMap.htm.) Bivol, Alex, 2008, Kremikovtzi steel mill begins winding down Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD, 2009, Annual report 2008: operations: The Sofia Echo, October 27. (Accessed July 20, 2009, at Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD, June, 43 p. (Accessed http://www.sofiaecho.com/article/kremikovtzi-steel-mill-begins-winding- August 21, 2009, at http://w ww.nek.bg/cgi?d=2131.) down-operations/id_32608/catid_66.) Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, 2008a, Inauguration of the new high-tech copper Bulgaria Gazette, 2008, The offers of CSN and “Smart Group” for refinery in Pirdop in the presence of the Bulgarian President and 300 “Kremikovtzi” are solid: Bulgaria Gazette, December 31. (Accessed guests: Norddeutsche Affinerie AG press release, October 28. (Accessed July 22, 2009, at http://www.bulgariagazette.com/the-offers-of-csn-and- July 16, 2009, at http://www.aurubis.com/en/public-relations/press-releases/ smart-group-for-kremikovtzi-are-solid/.) inauguration-of-the-new-high-tech-copper-refinery-in-pirdop-in-the-presence- Bulgarian Chamber of Mining and Geology, 2009, Annual newsletter on mining of-the-bulgarian-president-and-300-guests-successful-start-up-phase-of-the- and geology in Bulgaria 2008: Bulgarian Chamber of Mining and Geology, 80-million-euro-investment/.) August, 44 p. (Accessed August 24, 2009, at http://www.bmc-bg.org/documents/ Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, 2008b, Norddeutsche Affinerie and Cumerio 4b2b46e8cc1869127fbe4bb7d9afd549.pdf.) become Aurubis—Europe’s biggest copper producer with a new name: Bush, Jason, 2009, Gas pipelines—South Stream gets a boost: BusinessWeek, Norddeutsche Affinerie AG press release, December 16. (Accessed May 18. (Accessed August 10, 2009, at http://www.businessweek.com/print/ July 16, 2009, at http://www.aurubis.com/en/public-relations/press-releases/ globalbiz/content/may2009/gb20090518_424303.htm.) norddeutsche-affinerie-and-cumerio-become-aurubis-europes-biggest-copper- Dundee Precious Metals Inc., 2008, Dundee Precious Metals and Bulgarian producer-with-a-new-name/.) Government sign memorandum of understanding: Dundee Precious Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, 2009, Stronger together—Annual report 2007/08: Metals Inc. press release, July 10. (Accessed August 17, 2009, at Hamburg, Germany, Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, January 9, 188 p. http://www.dundeeprecious.com/InvestorCentre/News/NewsDetails/2008/ Novinite, 2008, Bulgaria non-ferrous mine to close, 200 miners PreciousMetalsandBulgarianGovernmentsignMemorandumofUnderstanding/ lose jobs: Novinite, November 14. (Accessed April 2, 2009, at default.aspx.) http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=98895.) Dundee Precious Metals Inc., 2009, Annual report 2008: Dundee Republic of Bulgaria Ministry of Economy, Energy, and Tourism, 2009, Bulletin Precious Metals Inc., March 30, 69 p. (Accessed August 12, 2009, at on the state and development of the energy in the Republic of Bulgaria: http://www.dundeeprecious.com/Theme/Dundee/files/FINAL TO PRESS Republic of Bulgaria Ministry of Economy, Energy, and Tourism, March, Dundee AR 0331.pdf.) 15 p. (Accessed August 7, 2009, at http://www.mee.government.bg/doc_vop/ Eurocoal, 2009, Bulgaria: Eurocoal. (Accessed August 5, 2009, at Bulletin[2].2009.EG.edited.pdf.) http://www.euracoal.org/pages/layout1sp.php?idpage=69.) Sofia Echo, The, 2007, Foreign investors interested in uranium production Euromax Resources Ltd., 2009, Annual report—December 2008: in Bulgaria: The Sofia Echo [Sofia, Bulgaria], April 2. (Accessed Euromax Resources Ltd., April 23. (Accessed August 18, 2009, at August 19, 2009, at http://sofiaecho.com/2007/04/02/649545_foreign- http://www.euromaxresources.com/investors.html?cat_id=5.) investors-interested-in-uranium-production-in-bulgaria.) Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008a, ArcelorMittal extends 30 mln euros to Kremikovtzi: TVEL Corp., 2006, Delivery date of nuclear fuel supply to Kozloduy Reuters, May 20. (Accessed July 21, 2009, at http://www.reuters.com/article/ NPP (Bulgaria) extended till 2020: TVEL Corp. press release, rbssIndustryMaterialsUtilitiesNews/idUSL2051422720080520.) March 9. (Accessed August 19, 2009, at http://www.tvel.ru/en/press/news/ Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008b, Bulgaria metals firm cuts up to 700 jobs: Reuters, index.php?from4=15&id4=89.) November 10. (Accessed July 20, 2009, at http://www.reuters.com/article/ Walker, Marcus, 2008, Bulgarian steel firm declared insolvent: The Wall Street rbssSteel/idUSLA36385820081110.) Journal, August 7, p. B2. Ilieva, Tsvetelia, 2008c, Dundee gets environmental permit for gold mine upgrade: Reuters, July 30. (Accessed August 17, 2009, at http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL071975120080730.) Bulgaria—2008 7.3 TABLE 1 BULGARIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Commodity2 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 METALS Aluminum, metal, secondary 3,762 5,107 12,825 17,330 r 17,000 e Cadmium, metal, smelter 356 350 363 459 460 e Copper: Ore: Gross weight thousand metric tons 23,879 24,807 29,572 29,674 27,826 Cu contente do. 107 3 112 124 116 109 Concentrate: Gross weight do. 398 470 502 502 428 Cu content do. 94 r 95 r 110 r 110 r 105 Metal, primary and secondary: Smelter 227,200 240,000 238,500 229,100 257,100 Refined, electrolytically 55,300 60,500 65,500 69,900 126,700 Gold, in concentrate kilograms 2,431 3,868 3,818 3,964 4,160 Iron and steel: Iron ore: Gross weight thousand metric tons 83 ------Fe content do. 27 ------Iron concentrates do. 52 e ------Metal: Pig iron for steelmaking do. 1,158 1,081 1,147 1,069 441 Ferroalloys, ferrosilicone do. 10 10 10 10 10 Steel, crude do. 2,106 1,969 2,124 1,909 r 1,330 Semimanufactures, rollede do. 1,391 3 1,452 3 1,400 1,400 1,400 Lead: Mine output, Pb content 13,000 r 13,000 r 10,000 r 15,000 r 15,000 Concentrate: Gross weight 29,900 31,500 25,387 23,395 18,503 Pb content 19,000 e 22,050 17,771 16,377 12,950 Metal, refined, primary and secondary 65,968 80,824 76,028 86,956 91,000 Manganese ore: Gross weight 28,000 39,000 20,000 28,000 39,000 Mn contente 7,600 10,900 5,600 7,840 10,900 Silver, metale kilograms 45,000 55,000 65,000 55,000 55,000 Tin, metale 10 10 10 2 r 2 Uranium oxide, U contente -- r -- r -- r -- r -- Zinc: Mine output, Zn content 13,000 r 11,000 r 8,000 r 10,000 r 10,000 Concentrate: Gross weight 29,900 33,700 25,917 23,474 20,343 Zn contente 15,500 17,500 13,500 12,200 10,600 Metal, refined, primary and secondary 102,110 95,077 95,341 99,992 102,000 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Asbestos, fiber, all gradese 237 ------Barite ore, run-of-minee 75,400 76,600 r 74,500 r 50,900 r 40,000 Cement, hydraulic thousand metric tons 2,939 3,618 4,093 4,413 r 4,400 Clays: Bentonite do. 225 181 134 99 178 Kaolin, raw do. 1,291 1,381 1,658 1,631 1,530 Refractory do. 25 r 22 r 18 r 15 e 15 e Feldspar do. 87 73 93 90 r, e 90 e Fluorspare do. 2 2 2 2 2 Gypsum and anhydrite: Crude do. 176 188 216 234 240 Calcinede do. 60 65 75 75 75 See footnotes at end of table.

7.4 u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2008 TABLE 1—Continued BULGARIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Commodity2 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS—Continued Lime, industrial thousand metric tons 1,289 1,352 1,409 1,443 r 1,500 e Limestone and dolomite do. 3,500 e 3,265 3,340 3,335 3,340 e Nitrogen, N content of ammoniae do. 390 r 395 r 309 350 r 350 e Perlite do. 8 15 5 14 7 Pyrites, gross weighte do. 150 150 150 150 150 Salt, all types do. 1,900 1,900 2,000 2,000 2,100 Sand and gravel: As reported thousand cubic meters 3,333 3,628 4,293 4,925 5,517 Convertede thousand metric tons 5,300 5,800 6,900 7,900 8,800 Silica, quartz sand do. 545 583 250 551 734 Sodium carbonate, calcinede do. 800 800 800 800 800 Sulfur:e S content of pyrites 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Byproduct 301,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 Total 326,000 325,000 325,000 325,000 325,000 Sulfuric acid 976,500 1,020,000 1,009,500 1,010,000 e 1,010,000 e Zeolitee 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 MINERAL FUELS AND RELATED MATERIALS Coal, marketable: Bituminous thousand metric tons 170 96 52 18 19 Brown do. 3,071 2,620 2,557 2,834 2,643 Lignite do. 23,385 22,193 22,750 25,325 26,008 Total do. 26,626 24,909 25,359 28,177 28,670 Cokee do. 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,000 Natural gas, marketed million cubic meters 333 537 519 295 218 Petroleum: Crude: Reported thousand metric tons 30 27 25 24 23 Convertede thousand 42-gallon barrels 220 198 183 176 169 Refinery productse: Reported thousand metric tons 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,600 3 5,800 3 Convertede thousand 42-gallon barrels 44,000 r 44,000 r 44,000 r 44,800 r 46,400 eEstimated; estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. rRevised. do. Ditto. -- Zero. 1Table includes data available through December 4, 2009. 2In addition to the commodities listed, bismuth, chromite, magnesite, palladium, platinum, tellurium, uranium, and a variety of crude construction materials (common clays, dimension stone, and crushed stone) may be produced, but available information is inadequate to make reliable estimates of output. 3Reported figure.

Bulgaria—2008 7.5 TABLE 2 BULGARIA: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 2008

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Annual Commodity Major operating companies Location of main facilities capacity Bentonite, mine output S&B Industrial Minerals A.D. Kardzali 280. Cadmium KCM S.A. 320. Do. Lead and Zinc Complex Plc (LZC) Kurdjali 150. (Intertrust Holding, 90%) Cement Cement (Italcementi Group) Devnia 2,000. Do. Vulkan Cement (Italcementi Group) Dimitrovgrad 500. Do. Titan Zlatna Panega Zlatna Panega 1,500. Do. Holcim Bulgaria AD and Beli Izvor 2,400. Coal: Bituminous Economic Mining and Power Combine Balkan coal basin in central Bulgaria, NA. (SMEK) Balkanbass northwest of Silven Do. Mina Balkan 2000 AD Central Bulgaria NA. Brown Otkrit Vagledobiv Mines EAD coal basin, southwest of Sofia 2,000. Do. Vagledobiv EOOD Bobov Dol coalfield 1,000. Do. Other companies Pirin in western Bulgaria 1,000. Lignite Mini Maritsa Iztok EAD East Maritsa coal basin near 25,000. Do. Other companies Marbas, Pernik, and Bobov Dol coal basins 5,300. Copper: Concentrate, Cu content Asarel-Medet AD Panagurishte, District 55. Do. Dundee Precious Metals Inc. Chelopech 15. Do. Bradtze Malko Turnovo 2. Do. Elatsite-Med Ltd. Elatsite 40. Do. Rosen , near the Black Sea 1. Do. Tsar Asen Srednogorie, Sofia District 2. Do. Burgaskii Mines Ltd., Zidorovo Burgas, near the Black Sea 1. Metal: Smelter Cumerio Med S.A. (Norddeutsche Pirdop 275. Affinerie, 100%) Refinery do. do. 180. Gold, in concentrate kilograms Dundee Precious Metals Inc. Chelopech 2,200. Iron ore Kremikovtzi A.D. Kremikovtzi 2,000. Kaolin, mine output Kaolin AD Senovo, Rousse District 250. Lead-zinc: Concentrate, Pb-Zn content Gorubso Co. (Intertrust Holding) Erma Reka, Kurdjali, Laki, and , 59 lead, all in Madan area near Greek border 47 zinc. Do. Osogovo Ltd. Osogovo Mountains, western Bulgaria 3 lead, 2 zinc. Do. Rudmetal JSC Dimov Dol Mine, near Rudozem 3 lead, 2 zinc. Metal: Pb, refined KCM S.A. Plovdiv 65. Do. Lead and Zinc Complex Plc (LZC) Kurdjali 33. (Intertrust Holding, 90%) Zn, smelter KCM S.A. Plovdiv 75. Do. Lead and Zinc Complex, Plc (LZC) Kurdjali 28. (Intertrust Holding, 90%) Manganese ore Mangan Ltd. (Obroschishte) Varna District 50. Natural gas million cubic Melrose Resources S.a r.l. (100%, Galata field, in the Black Sea off the coast 220. meters Melrose Resources Plc) of Varna Do. do. Oil and Gas Exploration and Gasfield concessions near Dolni Dubnik, NA. Production Plc Selanovtzi, and others Perlite, mine output S&B Industrial Minerals A.D. Kardzali 30. See footnotes at end of table.

7.6 u.s. geologicAl survey minerals yearbook—2008 TABLE 2—Continued BULGARIA: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 2008

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Annual Commodity Major operating companies Location of main facilities capacity Petroleum: Crude Oil and Gas Exploration and Oilfields in Dolni Dubnik, Gorni Dubnik, NA. Production Plc Dolni , and others Refined 42-gallon Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas AD Refinery at Burgas 170,000. barrels per day Silver: In concentrate Dundee Precious Metals Inc. Chelopech 3,200. Metal KCM S.A. Plovdiv 100. Steel, crude Kremikovtzi A.D. [Global Steel Near Sofia 2,300. Holdings Ltd. (GSHL), 71%, and Bulgarian Government, 25%] Do. Stomana Industry S.A. (Sidenor S.A., Pernik 1,400. 90%) Do. Promet Steel JSC Deblet, southwest of Burgas 400. Zeolite, mine output S&B Industrial Minerals A.D. Kardzali 15. Do., do. Ditto. NA Not available

Bulgaria—2008 7.7