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Monitor Kindermarketing Voor Voedingsproducten Monitor Kindermarketing voor Voedingsproducten Meting 2020 In opdracht van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport. Henri Faun Femke van Gurp Judith van der Lugt Gratiella Schippers Cécile Voort Zoetermeer , 16 februari 2021 De verantwoordelijkheid voor de inhoud berust bij Panteia. Het gebruik van cijfers en/of teksten als toelichting of ondersteuning in artikelen, scripties en boeken is toegestaan mits de bron duidelijk wordt vermeld. Vermenigvuldigen en/of openbaarmaking in welke vorm ook, alsmede opslag in een retrieval system, is uitsluitend toegestaan na schriftelijke toestemming van Panteia. Panteia aanvaardt geen aansprakelijkheid voor drukfouten en/of andere onvolkomenheden. The responsibility for the contents of this report lies with Panteia. Quoting numbers or text in papers, essays and books is permitted only when the source is clearly mentioned. No part of this publication may be copied and/or published in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Panteia. Panteia does not accept responsibility for printing errors and/or other imperfections. Inhoudsopgave Managementsamenvatting 5 1 Inleiding 7 1.1 Monitor kindermarketing voeding 7 1.2 Over de reclamecode 8 1.3 Voldoen aan de eisen van de NRC 9 1.4 Invloed van coronamaatregelen 11 1.5 Leeswijzer voor beoordeling reclames 12 Deel 1: inventarisatie media 13 2 Televisie 15 2.1 Context, regels en beleid 15 2.2 Resultaten inventarisatie lineaire televisie 16 2.3 Resultaten online televisie 21 3 Websites 27 3.1 Context, regels en beleid 27 3.2 Resultaten inventarisatie websites voedingsfabrikanten 28 3.3 Resultaten inventarisatie reclame op kindgerichte websites 34 4 Sociale media van voedingsproducenten 37 4.1 Context, regels en beleid 37 4.2 Resultaten inventarisatie sociale media 37 5 YouTube 43 5.1 Context, regels en beleid 43 5.2 Resultaten inventarisatie YouTube 45 6 Instagram 51 6.1 Context, regels en beleid 51 6.2 Resultaten inventarisatie 51 7 TikTok 59 7.1 Context, regels en beleid 59 7.2 Resultaten inventarisatie 59 Deel 2: Fysieke omgeving 67 8 Verpakkingsmateriaal 69 8.1 Context, regels en beleid 69 8.2 Resultaten inventarisaties 69 9 Acties bij supermarkten 79 9.1 Context, regels en beleid 79 9.2 Resultaten inventarisatie acties in supermarkten 80 3 10 Recreatie 87 10.1 Context, regels en beleid 87 10.2 Resultaten locatiebezoeken recreatie 87 11 Bioscopen 91 11.1 Inleiding 91 11.2 Beleid van bioscopen 91 11.3 Beleid van exploitanten van bioscoopreclame 91 11.4 Conclusie 92 12 Analyse en conclusies 93 12.1 Algemene conclusies 93 12.2 Conclusies media-inventarisatie 94 12.3 Conclusies inventarisatie fysieke omgeving 97 12.4 Aandachtspunten vanuit inventarisatie 99 Bijlage 1: Aanpak en onderzoeksactiviteiten 101 Inventarisatie media 101 Bezoeken aan sportevenementen, recreatie en bioscopen 103 Analyse 103 Bijlage 2: Geïnventariseerde media en personen 105 Online TV 105 Websites 106 Sociale media 110 Gevolgde accounts op YouTube 114 Gevolgde accounts op Instagram 115 Gevolgede accounts op TikTok 116 Bijlage 3 producten en merken in YouTube video’s 117 4 Managementsamenvatting In de periode januari tot en met december 2020 heeft Panteia geïnventariseerd in welke mate kinderen met reclame voor voedingsmiddelen in aanraking (kunnen) komen en in hoeverre de geïnventariseerde reclames lijken te voldoen aan de Reclamecode Voor Voedingsmiddelen (RVV) in de Nederlandse ReclameCode (NRC). Tevens is gekeken naar de vraag in hoeverre de getoonde voedingsproducten voldoen aan de richtlijnen voor gezonde voeding van het Voedingscentrum Nederland, namelijk de ‘Schijf van Vijf’. In de monitor zijn zowel media als de fysieke omgeving gericht op kinderen in beeld gebracht: Media Fysieke omgeving Televisie (reclames rond uitzendingen van Verpakkingsmateriaal (aanwezigheid van licensed kinderprogramma’s, ook online) characters) Websites van voedingsfabrikanten en Supermarkten (spaar- en winacties door websites voor kinderen supermarkten en/of voedingsmerken) Sociale media van voedingsfabrikanten Recreatievoorzieningen, met name indoor (Facebook, Instagram) speeltuinen (op basis van locatiebezoeken) Influencers via YouTube, Instagram en TikTok Bioscopen (interviews over het beleid) Resultaten Via alle onderzochte vormen van media en in alle facetten van de fysieke omgeving komen kinderen in meer of mindere mate in aanraking met voedingsreclame. Deels zijn dit reclames die zijn toegestaan binnen de regels en uitzonderingen in de RVV. Een deel lijkt echter niet in overeenstemming met de regels in de NRC. Daarnaast is er een grijsgebied, waarbij het lastig is om te bepalen of een reclame wel of niet aan de regels voldoet. De meeste voedingsproducten waarvoor reclame wordt gemaakt staan niet op de Schijf van Vijf van het Voedingscentrum. De mate waarin kinderen met voedingsreclame in aanraking komen verschilt per medium en kanaal. Via YouTube, TikTok, de websites van voedingsfabrikanten en vooral supermarkten en recreatievoorzieningen is de kans relatief groot dat kinderen in aanraking komen met reclame voor voedingsmiddelen. Op tv vormen voedingsreclames een klein deel van het totale aanbod aan reclames rondom kinderprogramma’s. Ook via influencers op Instagram en in de sociale media van voedingsfabrikanten is de reclame gericht op kinderen relatief beperkt (voor zo ver kinderen überhaupt de doelgroep zijn). Ten opzichte van de vorige editie van de Monitor Kindermarketing voor Voedingsmiddelen (2018-2019), is er deels een afname te zien van reclames en ook een verschuiving. Er is vooral een afname van reclame via tv en reclame via de rechtstreekse mogelijkheden daartoe op YouTube (reclames die vóór een YouTube video worden uitgezonden en/of reclames waarvoor de video tijdelijk wordt onderbroken). Daarentegen is er een toename te zien in voedingsmerken die rechtstreeks via influencers op YouTube, Instagram en TikTok adverteren. Deze gesponsorde posts worden niet altijd duidelijk voorzien van ‘hashtags’, zoals #ad, #sp of #partner. Hierdoor zijn ze niet altijd goed herkenbaar als reclame. In de onderstaande tabel is per kanaal weergegeven wat er is geïnventariseerd en wat deze inventarisatie heeft opgeleverd. 5 Kanaal Geïnventariseerd Resultaat inventarisatie Televisie Alle reclameblokken Rondom kinderprogramma’s 1.091 Reclames voor rondom 17 voedingsmerken/-producten, waarvan 14 kinderprogramma’s en vermoedelijk niet voldoen aan de RVV. 1.066 reclames rondom de 10 reclames waren voor één merk. best bekeken Rondom de tien best bekeken programma’s 53 programma’s door reclames voor voedingsproducten, waarvan 45 kinderen 6-12 jaar niet op de Schijf van Vijf. Online televisie 355 online uitzindingen In 8 programma’s reclames voor totaal 11 van kinderprogramma’s voedingsmiddelen, waarvan 6 vermoedelijk niet voldoen aan de RVV. 6 uitzendingen met (onbewuste) product placement. Websites 125 websites 17 websites met kindgerichte elementen, waarvan voedingsfabrikanten 12 voor producten die vermoedelijk niet voldoen aan criteria in de RVV. Daarnaast 8 websites die in vormgeving aantrekkelijk voor kinderen uitzien, maar dit qua inhoud niet zijn. Kinderwebsites 76 websites 2 reclames voor voedingsmiddelen, waarvan 1 vermoedelijk niet voldoet aan de RVV. Sociale media van 74 Facebookpagina’s, 48 10 merken met sociale media pagina’s die producenten Instagrampagina’s ogenschijnlijk op kinderen zijn gericht, doelgroep echter onduidelijk in verband met gebruikersvoorwaarden sociale media. Influencers op 2.594 video’s van 43 In 451 video’s voedingsmerk(en) in beeld, YouTube populaire YouTubers waarvan 190 advertenties voor, tijdens of in de video en 17 gevallen van gesponsorde content. Samenstelling doelgroep video’s onbekend. Influencers op 4.687 posts van 54 In 122 posts voedingsmerk(en) in beeld, waarvan Instagram populaire influencers 37 gevallen van gesponsorde content. Doelgroep onbekend. Influencers op TikTok 1.332 posts van 21 In 94 posts voedingsmerk(en) in beeld, waarvan populaire influencers 55 gevallen van gesponsorde content. Doelgroep onbekend. Verpakkingsmateriaal Verpakkingsmateriaal op In oktober 2020 nog 22 producten met licensed websites van characters op verpakkingsmateriaal, waarvan 12 supermarkten en winkels producten vermoedelijk niet voldoen aan de RVV. Acties in Alle acties bij de grote 25 acties (deels) op kinderen gericht, waarvan 14 supermarkten landelijke ketens, niet in lijn lijken met de RVV. Daarnaast 16 acties steekproeven bij kleine op ouders/het hele gezin gericht. ketens Recreatie 28 locaties bezocht Op 14 locaties werden totaal 16 merken gepromoot, waarvan 13 niet aan de RVV leken te voldoen. Aandachtspunten Uit de monitor komt een aantal aandachtspunten naar voren: De voedingskundige criteria in de RVV staan meer reclames toe dan wanneer de Schijf van Vijf hiervoor zou worden gehanteerd. Voedingsreclame komt veel bij kinderen terecht in een context gericht op het hele gezin, bijvoorbeeld op tv rondom familieprogramma’s en in supermarkten. Het aantal en aandeel gesponsorde posts via influencers op sociale media neemt toe. Dit geldt voor Zowel YouTube, Instagram als TikTok. Voor reclamecampagnes worden verschillende media ingezet. Daarmee is de kans dat ze bij kinderen terecht komen groter. 6 1 Inleiding 1.1 Monitor kindermarketing voeding In opdracht van het ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (VWS, directie Voeding, Gezondheidsbescherming en Preventie) heeft Panteia in heel 2020 (1 januari tot en met 31 december) voedingsreclame gericht op kinderen in beeld gebracht. Via
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