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When Art Becomes Political: an Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics 12-15-2018 When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011 Maura Wester Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the European History Commons Wester, Maura, "When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011" (2018). History & Classics Undergraduate Theses. 6. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011 by Maura Wester HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History and Classics Providence College Fall 2018 For my Mom and Dad, who encouraged a love of history and showed me what it means to be Irish-American. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………… 1 Outbreak of The Troubles, First Murals CHAPTER ONE …………………………………………………………………….. 11 1981-1989: The Hunger Strike, Republican Growth and Resilience CHAPTER TWO ……………………………………………………………………. 24 1990-1998: Peace Process and Good Friday Agreement CHAPTER THREE ………………………………………………………………… 38 The 2000s/2010s: Murals Post-Peace Agreement CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………… 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………… 63 iv 1 INTRODUCTION For nearly thirty years in the late twentieth century, sectarian violence between Irish Catholics and Ulster Protestants plagued Northern Ireland. Referred to as “the Troubles,” the violence officially lasted from 1969, when British troops were deployed to the region, until 1998, when the peace agreement, the Good Friday Agreement, was signed. -
Examining the Psychology of Women Participating in Non-State Armed Groups
Gender and Violent Extremism: Examining the Psychology of Women Participating in Non-State Armed Groups by Rebecca Dougherty and P. Kathleen Frier Master of Arts, May 2016 The George Washington University Submitted to The Faculty of The Elliott School of International Affairs of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts May 13, 2016 Directed by Rebecca Patterson PhD, National Security Policy © Copyright 2016 by Dougherty and Frier All rights reserved ii Dedication The authors wish to dedicate this publication to the family and friends whose support made this project possible. With special thanks to our advisor Dr. Rebecca Patterson, whose guidance and patience have made this a far better report than we could have imagined. We would also like to specially thank Drs. Aisling Swaine and Bill Rolston, whose invaluable advice made our field research possible. iii Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge their fellow graduate students whose peer review during the last year was critical in improving the quality of this report: Jelle Barkema, James Bieszka, Samuel Baynes, Ivana Djukic, Steven Inglis, Katherine Kaneshiro, Diana Montealegre, and Adam Yefet. iv Abstract Gender and Violent Extremism: Examining the Psychology of Women Participating in Non-State Armed Groups There is a presumption that women do not use violence as a means of exercising their political will, because most traditional notions of femininity emphasize motherhood, peacefulness, and stability. Like the repressive power relations between men and women in Islamic State society, the norms that dominated Western culture throughout the early 20th century mirror those affecting women under the IS regime in many ways. -
Age-Friendly Belfast Baseline Report May 14
Baseline Report 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 Age-friendly Belfast Baseline Report CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 1 1. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT ....................................................................... 7 2. DEMOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 166 3. DEPRIVATION AND POVERTY ...................................................................... 222 4. OUTDOOR SPACES & BUILDINGS ................................................................. 29 5. TRANSPORTATION .......................................................................................... 34 6. HOUSING .......................................................................................................... 43 7. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION ................................................................................. 56 8. RESPECT & SOCIAL INCLUSION .................................................................... 61 9. CIVIC PARTICIPATION & EMPLOYMENT ....................................................... 66 10. COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION ........................................................... 74 11. COMMUNITY SUPPORT & HEALTH SERVICES ......................................... 78 12. STRATEGIC CONTEXT ................................................................................. 90 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................. 95 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 SOAs with -
A Cold House for Gaeilgeoirí Ollscoil Na Banríona Agus an Ghaeilge
anIssue 7 Jan - Mar 2020 £2.50/€3.00 spréachIndependent non-profit Socialist Republican magazine A COLD HOUSE FOR GAEILGEOIRÍ OLLSCOIL NA BANRÍONA AGUS AN GHAEILGE DEATH ON THE ROCK Operation Flavius ON IRISH UNITY WINIFRED CARNEY SOCIALISM & NATIONALISM A Call to the Future The Typist with a James Connolly Webley DIGITAL BACK ISSUES of anspréach Magazine are available for download via our website. Just visit www.anspreach.org ____ Dear reader, An Spréach is an independent Socialist Republican magazine formed by a collective of political activists across Ireland. It aims to bring you, the read- er, a broad swathe of opinion from within the Irish Socialist Republican political sphere, including, but not exclusive to, the fight for national liberation and socialism in Ireland and internationally. The views expressed herein, do not necesserily represent the publication and are purely those of the author. We welcome contributions from all political activists, including opinion pieces, letters, historical analyses and other relevant material. The editor reserves the right to exclude or omit any articles that may be deemed defamatory or abusive. Full and real names must be provided, even in instances where a pseudonym is used, including contact details. Please bear in mind that you may be asked to shorten material if necessary, and where we may be required to edit a piece to fit within these pages, all efforts will be made to retain its balance and opinion, without bias. An Spréach is a not-for-profit magazine which only aims to fund its running costs, including print and associated platforms. ____ Is iris poblachtach sóisialta í An Spréach curtha le chéile ag roinnt gníomhaithe polaitiúla. -
Winifred and George
winnie and george MASTER:Layout 1 27/06/2017 13:50 Page 1 Winifred and George Ruth Taillon 1916 winnie and george MASTER:Layout 1 27/06/2017 13:51 Page 2 One fought in the trenches of France durung the First World War The other in the GPO, at the Easter Rising in Dublin, 1916 winnie and george MASTER:Layout 1 27/06/2017 13:51 Page 3 Winifred and George During the 1916 centenary commemorations, fighting as a machine gunner in the trenches new acknowledgement was paid to the role of Belgium during the First World War. He of women in the Easter Rising, and in was taken prisoner by the Germans at the particular, the story of Belfast woman, Battle of Messines and spent spent most of Winifred Carney caught the imagination of his time as a prisoner of war near Frankfurt in many. Carney has for many years been one southern Germany. Winifred, known as of the – relatively – better known women of Winnie, was an officer in the Irish Citizen 1916, but known mainly as the somewhat Army and mobilised during and later two-dimensional ʻloyal secretaryʼ of the great imprisoned after, the Easter Rising. It is true trade union leader, James Connolly. More also that there was family opposition to their recently, interest in Carney has focused on marriage, on Winnieʼs side at least. Despite her marriage to George McBride – portrayed the fact that by the time of their marriage in as a particularly unusual ʻlove across the 1928, Winnie was 41 years of age (and barricadesʼ romance. -
SYLVIA PANKHURST MEMORIAL LECTURE RUTH TAILLON, 13 August 2016 First of All, I Would Like to Thank the Organisers for Inviting M
SYLVIA PANKHURST MEMORIAL LECTURE RUTH TAILLON, 13 August 2016 First of all, I would like to thank the organisers for inviting me today. I consider it a real honour to be here presenting the Sylvia Pankhurst Memorial Lecture. Sylvia did have her own direct links with Ireland and the women of 1916. She was friends with Esther Roper and Eva Gore Booth and through them Constance Markievicz. In April 1916 – just a few weeks before the Rising -- the Workers Suffrage Federation organised a demonstration at Trafalgar Square against conscription and the DORA that drew 20,000 people. Speakers included Eva Gore Booth and Sylvia. Sylvia had been a supporter of the cause of Ireland since at least 1913, when she shared a platform at the Albert Hall in London with James Connolly and Charlotte Despard in support of locked out Dublin workers. This event incidentally, contributed significantly to the rift with her sister and the WSPU. After the Rising the WSF defended the Rising – while most British socialists either denounced the Rising or were silent. Sylvia mourned for Connolly and explained that the “rebellion struck deeper than mere nationalism”. She declared herself a supporter of Irish nationalism but understood that even after national self-government was achieved, the social problems shared by Britain would continue. “I knew the Easter Monday rebellion was the first blow in an intensified struggle which would end in Irish self-government …. Yet Connolly was needed so seriously for the after building; him at the least, it seemed, fate should have spared.” So what I would like to do here is to focus perhaps less on what women did during the Rising – although we can certainly talk about that – and focus more on some of those women who were most consciously socialists and feminists and their road to the Rising. -
Thatcher, the IBA and Death on the Rock
Irish Communication Review Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 January 1995 Thatcher, the IBA and Death on the Rock Tony Fleck Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/icr Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons Recommended Citation Fleck, Tony (1995) "Thatcher, the IBA and Death on the Rock," Irish Communication Review: Vol. 5: Iss. 1, Article 1. doi:10.21427/D7K12K Available at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/icr/vol5/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Current Publications at ARROW@TU Dublin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Irish Communication Review by an authorized administrator of ARROW@TU Dublin. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License IRISH COMMUNICATION S REVIEW VOL 51995 Tony Fleck was Thatcher, the IBA formerly Head of Nl Office of the and 'Death on the Rock' Independent Broadcasting Authority and before that Head Tony Fleck of the Department of Language and Creative Arts at the University of Ulster (NI). Currently he chairs the Broadcasting Introduction Committee of the Since its beginnings in the 1920s. broadcasting in these islands has always been Church of Ireland. considered by the vartous governments of the day. whatever their political complexion. to be too important to be left solely to the broadcasters. Successive administrations have attempted to regulate and control what is heard or seen over the airWaves by a series of acts of the British Parliament or Dail E!reann. -
American Irish Newsletter the Ri Ish American Community Collections
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU American Irish Newsletter The rI ish American Community Collections 7-1993 American Irish Newsletter - July 1993 American Ireland Education Foundation - PEC Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/irish_ainews Part of the European Languages and Societies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation American Ireland Education Foundation - PEC, "American Irish Newsletter - July 1993" (1993). American Irish Newsletter. Paper 103. http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/irish_ainews/103 This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by the The rI ish American Community Collections at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Irish Newsletter by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN IRISH NEWSLETTER AMERICAN Irish Political Education Committee Volume 18, Number 7 July 1993 Casement Accused: Time For a Re-trial Newsbits by Kathy Regan I At her nomination hearing for US (As taken from Just News May 1993, published by .the Ambassador to Ireland, Mrs. Jean Committee on the Administration o f Justice, Belfast, N. Ireland) Kennedy Smith affirmed to the Senate Foreign Affairs Sid>-committee that Five years on, the repercussions of the Casement Trials” (available from CAJ President Clinton wants a conslrucli\c tragic events of March 1988 are still felt offices). Amnesty International role ‘ ‘in the ongoing efforts by the by a section of the West Belfast Com mentions, onq of the trials in “ Fair Irish and British governments to bring munity. In that month Mairead Farrell, Trial Concerns in Northern Ireland: peace to Northern Ireland. -
Fair Trial Concerns in Casement Park Trials
£UNITED KINGDOM @Northern Ireland: fair trial concerns in Casement Park trials INTRODUCTION The 19 March 1988 shootings of British Army Corporals David Howes and Derek Wood, after they were dragged from their car by participants in a Northern Ireland funeral procession, led to scores of arrests and 41 prosecutions. Many of these prosecutions and ensuing trials have failed to satisfy international fair trial standards. The cases of Patrick Kane, Michael Timmons and Sean Kelly, which are currently being reviewed by the Northern Ireland Office, illustrate some of Amnesty International's concerns about these prosecutions and about fair trial concerns in Northern Ireland in general. Amnesty International believes that the prosecutions and convictions arising out of this incident warrant a wide-ranging review to examine the events leading up to and culminating in the murders and the eight group trials stemming from the prosecutions. In addition to calling upon the government to institute this broad inquiry, Amnesty International has urged the Government to refer immediately the cases of Patrick Kane, Michael Timmons and Sean Kelly back to an appropriate judicial authority for further review. The broad picture of events of 19 March 1988, during which Corporals Howes and Wood were dragged from their car, beaten, taken from the scene and murdered has been well documented, although controversy remains over their unexplained presence and sudden intrusion into the funeral cortege. Television and newspaper reporting showed clearly the manner in which the two men were dragged from their vehicle; and police helicopter ("heli-tele") film, which Amnesty International now has seen, showed, less clearly, some of what happened after they were taken through the gates of Casement Park. -
"The Troubles" in Northern Ireland
“The Troubles” Terrorism, Civil War and Peace in Northern Ireland Timeline • 1886-1912: Three Home Rule bills – all defeated • 1905: Sinn Fein (political party) formed • 1913: Ulster Volunteer Force formed • 24-29 April 1916: Easter Rising and Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) formed • May 1916: Easter Rising rebels executed • December 1916: Irish Free State Treaty ( partition ) • 1922: Irish Civil War • 21 December 1948: Creation of Republic of Ireland “The Troubles” Timeline • Jan 1967: N. Ireland Civil Rights Association Formed • 1968: Civil Rights Protests • Dec 1969: IRA splits into Official IRA (Marxist) and Provisional IRA (hard-line) • 1971: Internments and protests • 30 Jan 1972: Bloody Sunday • 1972: Direct Rule imposed. (N. Ireland gov’t suspended) • 29 Nov 1974: Prevention of Terrorism Act • 1980s: Hunger Strikes and Blanket Men • 15 Dec 1993: Downing Street Declaration • 1996: Peace Talks (ultimately failed) • 10 Apr 1998: Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement • 8 May 2007: Home Rule returned to Northern Ireland Milltown Cemetery Attack 16 March 2008 “Bloody Sunday” by U2 Drummer Mullen said of the song in 1983: “We're into the politics of people, we're not into politics. Like you talk about Northern Ireland, 'Sunday Bloody Sunday,' people sort of think, 'Oh, that time when 13 Catholics were shot by British soldiers'; that's not what the song is about. That's an incident, the most famous incident in Northern Ireland and it's the strongest way of saying, 'How long? How long do we have to put up with this?' I don't care who's who - Catholics, Protestants, whatever. You know people are dying every single day through bitterness and hate, and we're saying why? What's the point?” . -
Understanding Conflict: the Irish Experience a Problem-Oriented Peace and Conflict Studies Module
Kennedy Institute Peace and Conflict Studies Module- Summer School Understanding Conflict: The Irish Experience A problem-oriented Peace and Conflict Studies module Syllabus Module Description This is a problem-oriented Peace and Conflict Studies Module designed to meet the needs of international students at Maynooth University. Its intent is to help students understand the nature and impact of violent conflict, with special reference to the Irish situation. It addresses the problem of how humans manage conflict, in order to instill an understanding of the nature and impact of conflict in society. The Module uses the prism of the long and intractable conflict in Ireland as the basis and primary case study to elucidate the issues involved. This approach will maximize the benefit of the students’ experience of being on the ground in Ireland to give the material a unique authenticity, immediacy and relevance. The Module incorporates concepts from Psychology, Sociology and Economics that have become mainstream to help explain the origins, the logic and the motivations for violence. It unites the emphasis on conflict as a process of social interaction with practical examples drawn from Irish experience. By looking at the Irish conflict from historical, political, sociological and international perspectives, students will explore how it is possible to move from a situation of violent conflict towards a transformative peace. The overall matrix and rubric of the module entails interactive contextual tutorial style classes and workshops, together with supervised independent study at Maynooth University, during the entire period of the Summer School. The Module will examine how the concepts examined relate to the Irish conflict. -
British Government Summary Executions
NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 11 Number 1 IRELAND: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Article 4 1990 THE RIGHT To BE ARRESTED: BRITISH GOVERNMENT SUMMARY EXECUTIONS Jeanne E. Bishop Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/ journal_of_international_and_comparative_law Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Bishop, Jeanne E. (1990) "THE RIGHT To BE ARRESTED: BRITISH GOVERNMENT SUMMARY EXECUTIONS," NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law: Vol. 11 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/journal_of_international_and_comparative_law/vol11/iss1/ 4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. THE RIGHT To BE ARRESTED: BRITISH GOVERNMENT SUMMARY EXECUTIONS JEANNE E. BISHOP * I. INTRODUCTION The right to life is the fundamental human right.' Its absence renders all other rights meaningless. For example, if one may be summarily executed,2 one's right to free speech or a fair trial becomes irrelevant. The right to life has implications for a government's treatment of persons suspected of illegal activity. In that narrow sphere, the right translates into a suspect's right to be arrested, charged and tried rather than killed outright. In most of the United States, for instance, statutes protect that right by severely limiting the circumstances under which police may use deadly force against criminal