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Characteristics of Land for Development of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicholor L.) on Sub Optimal Land in Padang Laweh West Sumatera, Indonesia

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Characteristics of Land for Development of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicholor L.) on Sub Optimal Land in Padang Laweh West Sumatera, Indonesia CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICHOLOR L.) ON SUB OPTIMAL LAND IN PADANG LAWEH WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA 1JUNIARTI, 2YUSNIWATI, 3GUNADI 1Dept. of Soil science Fac. of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia 2Dept. of Agrotechnology Fac.of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesa 3Dept. of Soil science Fac. of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Orcid Id: 0000-0002-5938-9327 Abstract - Sorghum is a dry land food crop that has great potential developed in Indonesia. The results proved that sorghum is the most appropriate crop of choice in an effort to increase the productivity of dry land that is acid, empty land or other non-productive land such as mining land that has been done by PT.Semen Tonasa in 2012.While Juniarti in 2009- 2011 has been planting sorghum on the soil of Andisol, Entisol and Regosol in two seasons; winter and summer at Shobara, Hiroshima Perfecture Japan. The planted sorghum can produce biomass that can be utilized as an energy source used for the cultivation of strawberries in greenhouses and the utilization of energy in the household scope of Shobara-Hiroshima. The development of sorghum, the land productivity will be increased and also support the development of sustainable agriculture and the increased of Indonesian food production. Through the research collaboration that has been done with PT. Agro Indah Permata 21 since 2015 has been planting sorghum in Padang Laweh, Koto VII District Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera Indonesia with planting area of proximate 8 T/Ha and has produced production of 10 T/Ha of wheat seeds. The results of planting sorghum that has been done to produce sorghum seed products that have been processed into flour and sugar products from the stem of sorghum. By evaluating land characteristics appropriate for the development of sorghum plants, in Padang Laweh, West Sumatra Indonesia. Keywords - Characteristics of Land, Padang Laweh District, Sub Optimal Land, Sorghum I. INTRODUCTION number of sorghum strains were highly resistant (highly tolerant) and partly moderately tolerant to The potential of dry land in West Sumatra for the acid soils. The acid-resistant sorghum strains are now development of food crops is quite wide, about in the process of purification and seed propagation. 590,450 hectares. Dry land with slope of <8% is The purpose of this study was to produce of sorghum feasible for the development of sorghum cultivation that are resistant to pests and diseases on sub optimal [1]. Sorghum has long been cultivated and known to land. The goal is expected to be obtained after three Indonesian farmers especially in Java, NTB and NTT, years. commonly planted by farmers as inter-cropping with other food crops. The problem is, some of this dry II. MATERIALS AND METHOD land is dominated by acid soils. In addition, the cultivation, research and development of sorghum in Evaluation of Land characteristics for sorghum West Sumatra is still very limited, due to lack of development on sub optimal land information about (superior seed, sorghum utilization This research was used survey method with and cultivation and how to grow good and true intentional sampling (Purpossive Random Sampling). sorghum). The first survey by collecting data containing about Previous research has been carried out by the Cereal the existence of the population of sorghum plant Maros and the Isotope and Radiation Technology located in West Sumatera obtained from the owners Application Center (PATIR), the National Nuclear of sorghum plantation, residents and local community Energy Agency (BATAN), specifically the sorghum, leaders as well as direct search in Field. The study the study was focused on improving the available was conducted on the land planted with sorghum. germplasm using Cobalt-60 gamma-sourced Composite soil sampling was done at a depth of 0-20 irradiation aimed at superior crops according to the cm. criteria desired. Agronomic-ally, there was ten of hope have been III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION produced, such as: high production, drought resistant, and clear white seed. A number of mutant sorghum Sub optimal land in Padang Laweh Distict, Sijunjung mutant lines of the PATIR-BATAN collection have Regency, West Sumatra is on the back of Bukit been tested for resistance to acid soils. The study was Barisan. This area has a fairly variable height that conducted at Lampung, Indonesia in areas with soil starts from 118 meters to 1,335 meters above sea pH conditions ranged from 4.2 to 4.7 with an Al level with hilly and wavy topography. saturation level of 30-39%. The results showed that a Proceedings of WRFER International Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, 15th October, 2018 1 Characteristics of Land for Development of Sorghum (Sorghum bicholor L.) on Sub Optimal Land in Padang Laweh West Sumatera, Indonesia Climatic conditions of Sijunjung Regency was Based on the results of the analysis of soil samples on included in the tropics with an average temperature of sorghum planted land in Padang Laweh District, 21 ° -33 ° C with an average rainfall of 2,451 mm / Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra were shown on year. The condition of this climate according to Table 2. Based on the observations of land Oldeman (Climatology Map Of West Sumatra) is characteristics shown on Table 1 and the analysis of including type B2, with dry months 3-4 months. This soil samples shows that Padang Laweh District, condition makes it difficult for farmers to cultivate Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra has the potential paddy rice fields twice a year (IP 200%) in rained for the development of sorghum plants with average lowland areas. Meanwhile, the hydrological land temperature characteristics 25-27 º C, rainfall conditions at Sijunjung Regency vary greatly from <200 mm, air humidity <75%, good drainage, soil place to place. Some of the causes were climate depth> 60 cm, pH 4,4-6,1 but availability of N, P and differences, topography and geological structure. K were low (Table 2.) Table 1.Characteristic of Land use requirements / Land suitability class for sorghum. st = very high, t = high, s = medium, r = low, sr = very low, td = no data, k = rought, ak = little rough, ah = little smooth, h = smooth. Table 2. Characteristic of land at Padang Laweh, Sijunjung District, West Proceedings of WRFER International Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, 15th October, 2018 2 Characteristics of Land for Development of Sorghum (Sorghum bicholor L.) on Sub Optimal Land in Padang Laweh West Sumatera, Indonesia st = very high, t = high, s = medium, r = low, sr = very low, td = no data, k = rought, ak = little rough, ah = little smooth, h = smooth. Based on Table 2. above shows that the ACKNOWLEDGMENT characteristics of agricultural land at Padang Laweh, Sijunjung District,West Sumatera has potential for The authors would like to thank all parties of both the the development of sorghum, by applying proper soil local community and local government of Padang technique because the land was dominated by Laweh, Sijunjung District, West Sumatera and others Inceptisol and Ultisol. Furthermore, the type of land involved in this research activity, also thanks to management with the addition of organic materials RISTEKDIKTI who has funded this activity. has the potential to develop sorghum with a yield of 10 Ton/Ha, but if kept in continuously without the REFERENCES addition of organic materials will be able to reduce the quality of the land. For that addition of input in [1] Sihono. The cultivation of sorghum. Application Center for the form of organic fertilizer was needed. Isotopes and Radiation Technology (PATIR), National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). 2013. [2] Siswanto. Evaluation of Land Resources. UPN Press. CONCLUSION Surabaya. 120 p. 2006. [3] CRISAT. Industrial Utilization of Sorghum. Proceedings of The results showed that land in Padang Laweh, Symposium on the Current Status and Potential of Industrial Uses of Sorghum. 59p. 1990. Sijunjung District West Sumatera has potential for [4] Hosen, N. Prospects of Soybean Agribusiness Farming the development of sorghum plants with average System Development in West Sumatera. Scientific Journal of temperature characteristics 25-27 º C, rainfall <200 Tambua, Vol. V, No. 2, May-August 2006. Mahaputra mm, air humidity <75%, good drainage, soil depth> University Muhammad Yamin; 166-171 p. 2006. [5] House, L. R. A Guide to Sorghum Breeding. International 60 cm, pH 4.4 - 6.1 but low N, P and K nutrient Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics. Andhra availability. Pradesh, India. 238p. 1995. [6] Juniarti. Basic study on cultivation characteristics of Energy crops in the hilly and mountainous area of Hiroshima Prefecture Japan. International Research Journal of Natural Sciences, Technology J. Environ. Res. Develop.Journal of Environmental Research and Development. Vol. 7 No. 1, July-September 2012. 2012. Proceedings of WRFER International Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, 15th October, 2018 3 .
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