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The Interrelation Between the Right to Identity of Minorities and Their Socio-Economic Participation Studies in International Minority and Group Rights

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The Interrelation Between the Right to Identity of Minorities and Their Socio-Economic Participation Studies in International Minority and Group Rights The Interrelation between the Right to Identity of Minorities and Their Socio-Economic Participation Studies in International Minority and Group Rights Series Editors Gudmundur Alfredsson Kristin Henrard Advisory Board Han Entzinger, Professor of Migration and Integration Studies (Sociology), Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Baladas Ghoshal, Jawaharlal Nehru University (Peace and Conflict Studies, South and Southeast Asian Studies), New Delhi, India; Michelo Hansungule, Professor of Human Rights Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Baogang He, Professor in International Studies (Politics and International Studies), Deakin University, Australia; Joost Herman, Director Network on Humanitarian Assistance the Netherlands, the Netherlands; Will Kymlicka, Professor of Political Philosophy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada; Ranabir Samaddar, Director, Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group Kolkata, India; Prakash Shah, Senior Lecturer in Law (Legal Pluralism), Queen Mary, University of London, the United Kingdom; Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Guest Researcher at the Department of Languages and Culture, University of Roskilde, Denmark; Siep Stuurman, Professor of History, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Stefan Wolff, Professor in Security Studies, University of Birmingham, the United Kingdom. VOLUME 6 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imgr The Interrelation between the Right to Identity of Minorities and Their Socio-Economic Participation Edited by Kristin Henrard LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The interrelation between the right to identity of minorities and their socio-economic participation / edited by Kristin Henrard. p. cm. -- (Studies in international minority and group rights ; v. 6) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24432-0 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-24474-0 (e-book) 1. Minorities-- Legal status, laws, etc. 2. Religious minorities--Legal status, laws, etc. 3. Minorities--Civil rights. 4. Minorities--Social aspects. 5. Minorities--Economic aspects. I. Henrard, Kristin. K3242.I59 2013 305--dc23 2012039377 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 2210-2132 ISBN 978-90-04-24432-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-24474-0 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Kristin Henrard PART I MINORITIES, IDENTITY, EDUCATION, AND INTEGRATION Minorities, Identity, Socio-Economic Participation and Integration: About Interrelations and Synergies .............................................................. 21 Kristin Henrard Calibrating Cultural Lenses: Socio-Economic Participation, Identity and Migration Policy Shifts ............................................................. 73 José-María Arraiza Between Identity Transmission and Equal Opportunities: The Multiple Dimensions of Minorities’ Right to Education ................ 91 Julie Ringelheim Overruling Murphy’s Law on the Free Choice of Identity and the Racial-Ethnic-National Terminology-Triad: Notes on How the Legal and Political Conceptualization of Minority Communities and Membership Boundaries is Induced by the Groups’ Claims. ....................................................................................115 András L. Pap PART II LINGUISTIC MINORITIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION AND IDENTITY MLE as an Economic Equaliser in India and Nepal: Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education Fights Poverty through Capability Development and Identity Support .......................159 Ajit Mohanty and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas vi contents English as Pandemic? ..........................................................................................189 Robert Phillipson The Uneasy Relationship Between Language Issues and Socio-Economic Participation: Linguistically Sensitive Approaches to Participation .........................................................................205 Robert Dunbar PART III RELIGIOUS MINORITIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION AND IDENTITY A Critical Appraisal of the Margin of Appreciation Left to States Pertaining to “Church–State Relations” under the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights ...............229 Kristin Henrard Participation of Muslim Minorities in the Spanish Mainstream Society .................................................................................................................261 Eugenia Relaño Pastor A Surviving Treaty: The Lausanne Minority Protection in Greece and Turkey .........................................................................................................287 Konstantinos Tsitselikis PART IV INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION AND IDENTITY Discrimination, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, and Social Indicators .......................................................................................317 Lee Swepston Marginality, Disempowerment and Contested Discourses on Indigenousness in Africa .........................................................................333 Felix Mukwiza Ndahinda contents vii Engaging the Leviathan: National Development, Corporate Globalisation and the Endorois’ Quest to Recover Their Herding Grounds ..................................................................................373 Korir Sing’Oei Notes on the Implementation by Latin American Courts of the ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous Peoples ...............................403 Christian Courtis Index .........................................................................................................................433 INTRODUCTION Kristin Henrard* This edited volume emanates from a conference which brought together for the first time several members of the Minority Research Network, and which constituted the launch of this network. The distinctive goal of this Research Network is that it sets out to bring together researchers who work on minorities from a variety of different disciplines as well as from a variety of geographical backgrounds.1 The idea of bringing these researchers together is based on the premise that any adequate strategy for promoting the rights of minorities must start with taking on board insights and understandings of a range of relevant disciplines, including law, political science, international relations, sociology, anthropology, religious studies, linguistics, educational theory, and migration studies, so that issues of equality, identity, (accommodation of) diversity, integration, and prevention of genocide/ethnic conflict can be addressed. Furthermore, while considerable attention for minority questions has developed in Europe, there are also minorities in the other regions of the world, with their own specific problems and needs, requiring appropriate treatment. The experiences in these different parts of the world are influenced by their particular circumstances, but could also be very interesting, informa- tive, challenging to the thoughts, convictions and related policies on minorities and minority protection elsewhere (including in Europe). Ultimately, the goal of the Minority Research Network is to pool relevant knowledge and expertise, and stimulate an interdisciplinary approach so as to enable experts with different backgrounds to work together in new and innovative ways. While it remains a challenge to find proper formats to stimulate joint projects among the numerous members of the Network, spread out over the world as they are, the Network enables members at least to identify colleagues from other disciplines and/or other countries/ continents. The goal of this particular conference was actually double: in addition to providing a kick start to the Minority Research Network, it also set out * Prof. dr. Kristin Henrard, Professor Minority Protection, Erasmus University Rotterdam. 1 For further information, see [www.esl.eur.nl/minorityresearchnetwork]. 2 kristin henrard to unravel various dimensions of a particular topical question pertaining to minorities and minority protection, which has not been explored yet, more particularly the socio-economic participation of minorities in rela- tion to their right to (respect for) identity. A brief clarification is immediately in order about the meaning of the concept ‘minority’. This concept is not extensively discussed in this vol- ume, but Henrard’s article takes up the approach also advocated in the Minority Research Network not to exclude migrant groups. Some of the case studies included in this
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