December 2012-January 2013 Volume 7 No. 6 `100.00 (-Based Buyer Only)

www.spsnavalforces.net ROUNDUP

Page 4 Navy and the Nation With its predominant position in the , India faces imponderables and added responsibilities with such regularity that its Navy appears fully occupied with unforeseen contingencies in peacetime. Vice Admiral (Retd) Anup Singh Page 6 Minister of Defence India Precision Approach Radars The has floated a request for It is a pleasure to learn that SP Guide Publications is bringing out a special issue of SP’s Naval Forces, coinciding information for PAR. With additional aircraft with the commemoration of the Indian Navy Day. carriers and air stations in the future, there will Our Navy has been entrusted with the task of securing our national maritime borders. India’s “Blue Water” be a requirement for many PARs. Navy plays an important role in furthering international relations and promoting peace and harmony through joint exercises and swift response to demands for humanitarian missions and in disaster relief operations. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand I am sure that SP’s Naval Forces will continue to come out with material that will motivate our Navy personnel. I wish the SP Guide Publications the very best for the publication. Page 8 Surface Weapons for the Littorals A.K. Antony

 navy day / interaction

The Indian Navy is set to acquire over 80 new warships, including two aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines each, scheduled to join its fleet in the coming decade.

Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha Page 10 Critical in Mitigating Maritime Security Risks OPVs are highly flexible and inexpensive platforms, capable of a broad range of constabulary and low-intensity operations. Commander (Retd) Neil Gadihoke Page 11 New Technology for Maritime Missions Modern amphibian aircraft make possible a range of options not achievable by any one platform. Its unique multi-modal design permits airborne, seaborne and land

operations in a single platform. uide Pubns G P Commodore (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar S hs: p

Plus gra o t 40 Years Since 12 o Ph Commander (Retd) Neil Gadihoke Interview: Bernard Buisson, Managing Director of DCNS India Pvt Ltd 14 Show Report: Euronaval 2012 15 R. Chandrakanth ‘Offset is a fairly Interview: Khalil Rahman, Country Head, India, Atlas Elektronik 16 UAVs: For Maritime Surveillance 17 complex process’ News in Brief 18

6/2012 1 Unique. Ahead of the Art.

Unique. Ahead of the Art. Unique. Ahead of the Art.

ShinMaywa Advert_for MYB & MAI.indd 1 20/11/12 2:18 PM

ShinMaywaShinMaywa Advert_for Advert_for MYB MYB & MAI.indd & MAI.indd 1 1 20/11/1220/11/12 2:18 2:18PM PM ShinMaywa Advert for NF.indd 3 01/12/12 12:39 PM navy day / interaction

The Indian Navy marked Navy Day on Decem- sidered most appropriate to include an article insight on OPVs and India’s plans about them. ber 4, 2012, with a curtain-raiser press confer- on the Navy’s role in nation-building which cov- Then there is an article on amphibious aircraft, ence by the Navy Chief Admiral D.K. Joshi in ers the whole gambit including guarding India’s show report on the Euronaval held earlier this which he gave an overview of the Navy’s cur- economic interest, policing and diplomacy. year at Paris and the usual News Digest. We rent role and its modernisation plans. He also The write-up on Operation Trident retraces at SP Guide Publications greet the Indian Navy touched upon the regional environment where the Navy’s finest hour during 1971 War with Paki- on the Navy Day and salute their valour! Happy he emphasised that the Navy is fully prepared stan in which their entire Navy was almost deci- Reading and a Happy New Year. to protect oil and gas exploration efforts by the mated. The article on “Precision Approach Radar” ONGC-Videsh, in Vietnam’s maritime zone in which tries to make the flying operations from an the South China Sea. aircraft carrier safer for the pilots. In the article To my question on coastal security, the on surface weapons for the littorals, the author Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) stated that the quotes Vice Admiral S.O. Makarov who said that Navy has been given the overall responsibility “A good gun causes victory, armour only post-

EDITORIAL of maritime security including coastal security. pones defeat.” This statement says it all in sup- Challenges are in two paradigms – inter-gov- port of firepower and the author gives an insight ernmental coordination and hardware. Progress into the naval guns with focus on the Indian Navy. is being made on these aspects and the situ- An offshore patrol vessel (OPV) is a relatively ation is much better compared to what it was light and agile naval platform generally designed three-four years back, and it will continue to for coastal defence duties which are in service improve. Excerpts of the interaction with the all over the world, in most navies, coast guards Jayant BaranwaL CNS are included as the lead article. It was con- and marine police forces. The author gives an Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

“The Navy stands committed to providing stability, not just to the IOR, but also for safeguarding our interests across the oceans,” said Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral D.K. Joshi while addressing the media on the eve of Navy Day. The Navy Chief said that coastal security continues to remain an important aspect of the Navy’s comprehensive approach towards maritime security. Excerpts of the communication with SP’s Naval Forces Editor-in-Chief Jayant Baranwal:

Jayant Baranwal (JB): Coastal security con- We are preparing to face all tinues to be a weak link in India’s mari- Excerpts from CNS’ Navy Day Address time domain. What steps have been taken challenges and there is also or need to be taken to strengthen this part zz Modernisation and enhancement of the Navy’s capabilities is an ongoing process to of the national security apparatus? meet emerging maritime challenges/threats. These include aircraft carriers, stealth a thought to create a Joint- Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS): The Navy , , , amphibious ships and submarines. Indian Navy would has been given the overall responsibility of also be inducting state-of-the-art aircraft and helicopters to augment our surveillance Services Command to exploit maritime security including coastal secu- and integral aviation capabilities. Our preferred choice of inducting ships and sub- rity. It is in the public domain. However, space-based capabilities. marines has been through the indigenous route and of the 44 ships and submarines different sections of the media project it presently on order, 42 are from the Indian shipyards, including private shipyards. differently. There are two paradigms to it—inter-governmental coordination and zz Over the next five years, we expect to induct ships/submarines at an average rate of hardware. Inter-governmental coordination five-six ships per year. Amongst the major projects, under construction in Indian ship- is a very complex issue and we faced many yards, are ships of Kolkata class (P-15A), P-15B ships which are an advanced version of JB: What step is the Indian Navy taking Unique. Ahead of the Art. complex challenges coordinating as there the Kolkata class and the P-75 submarines, all at the Mazagon Dock Limited, Mumbai. to exploit space-based capabilities for the are too many departments involved includ- Anti-surface warfare corvettes are being series built at the Garden Reach Shipbuilders conduct of operations in the future? ing fisheries, customs, immigration, agri- and Engineers Ltd. Kolkata. In addition, naval offshore patrol vessels are under con- CNS: There are thoughts of having a Joint- culture, etc. The Fisheries Department in struction both at public and private sector shipyards. The construction of the indig- Services Command for the purpose. Unique. Ahead of the Art. many states are under the state Agriculture enous aircraft carrier though delayed is now picking up pace at the Cochin Shipyard. In Unique. Ahead of the Art. Department. It took a great amount of time 2013, we expect to induct one Kolkata class , one P-28 ASW , one cata- JB: As CNS, what are your views on the to overcome the challenges in inter-govern- maran hull survey vessel, one offshore patrol vessel (OPV) and 16 fast interceptor craft. offset policy and implementation of the mental coordination, but now it has been zz Amongst the overseas projects, there has been a delay in the delivery of Vikrama- modernisation programmes? How satis- resolved and is at an outstanding level. The ditya, which has sailed for more than 100 days in the recent past and completed factory is it? involvement of the Cabinet Secretariat has a majority of its equipment and aviation trials. The revised schedule envisages the CNS: Offset is a fairly complex process. If helped resolve many inter-departmental delivery of the ship in the last quarter of 2013. we look at the countries where it has been issues. The second paradigm, hardware, implemented, it has been quite challenging. zz The scheduled induction of P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft com- impacts not only the Indian Navy and the It is an evolving process. It was not pos- mencing 2013 would augment the aerial surveillance capability, thereby enhancing the Coast Guard but also the coastal states sible to absorb the amount of offset which maritime domain awareness in Indian Ocean region and Indian Navy’s area of interest. having the task of enhancing coastal secu- was being offered. It is being implemented rity. Things are much better now and not zz The Navy is facing a shortfall in both uniformed and civilian personnel. We are mak- by the Ministry of Home Affairs (internal like it were three-four years back, and it ing all efforts in conducting special recruitment drives to make good the shortfalls. security) and Ministry of Civil Aviation and will continue to improve. Shortages of service personnel are also being progressively reduced through addi- in Ministry of Defence, it will be done but in tional recruitments. an evolving process. The process has to be JB: What in your perception are the mari- zz We are committed to create and sustain a combat ready technology-enabled and net- continuously reviewed and additional sec- time security challenges emerging in the worked force, capable of safeguarding our maritime interests and projecting combat tors have to be opened. Indian Ocean region and beyond? power across the littorals. We seek to evolve relevant conceptual frameworks and acquire CNS: Our maritime security challenges the war-fighting capabilities to operate across the full spectrum of conflict on sustained JB: Is the Indian Navy looking for include coastal security, piracy, the devel- basis. Ensuring combat readiness will therefore remain our primary focus. We will also be unmanned combat aerial vehicles? oping circumstances in the Gulf region, prepared to undertake benign and humanitarian tasks in our region, whenever required. CNS: The Indian Navy already has experi- ShinMaywa Advert_for MYB & MAI.indd 1 20/11/12 2:18 PM ingress of other navies into our region, etc. Our operational endeavours shall be underpinned by continuous upgradation of our ence of operating unmanned aerial vehicles

We are continuously evolving and prepar- human skills and a willingness to transform as required by adopting change. SP (UAVs) and yes we are currently looking for ing to face all challenges. weaponsied versions of UAVs. SP

6/2012 3

ShinMaywaShinMaywa Advert_for Advert_for MYB MYB & MAI.indd & MAI.indd 1 1 20/11/1220/11/12 2:18 2:18PM PM ShinMaywa Advert for NF.indd 3 01/12/12 12:39 PM  Strategy Navy and the Nation With its predominant position in the Indian Ocean, India faces imponderables and added responsibilities with such regularity that its Navy appears fully occupied with unforeseen contingencies in peacetime. These range from providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, to escort on request from other nations, to search and rescue operations.

Photographs: Indian Navy n Vice Admiral (Retd) Anup Singh

or long, Indians were obsessed by the continental nature of their land, rested secure under the impression that the Himalayas provided a natural bar- Frier. This is because man is essentially a continental creature and because India lost touch with the sea seven centuries ago. We remained blissfully ignorant that India was one of the important maritime powers from the third millennium BC till the 13th century AD and used the sea for a thriving trade from the Mediterranean in the West to South East Asia and beyond in the East. We remained ignorant even when violation of sovereignty was blatantly practised by European powers, first for commerce and subsequently for colonisation. Things have changed slowly but surely since indepen- dence and the Indian Navy has started to receive adequate attention for the last couple of decades. In any country, the Navy is differ- ent from the other two forces—not just because it operates on water—but because the sea does not display boundaries. It is this character of the medium of the seas that makes navies eminently suitable for tasks other than just fighting and protect- ing. History is replete with examples of use of navies by their parent nations in further- ance of foreign policy. It was Oliver Crom- proclamation of the Republic, India has well who famously declared that “a man Western Fleet preparing to replenish practised the art of naval diplomacy on of war is the best ambassador”. For most off Cyprus; (above) Immigrants on various occasions with success. board an Indian Naval ship. maritime nations, the relationship between As a practitioner of this role, the nation Navy and foreign policy is closely linked. It has always used the Indian Navy as a tool to is conspicuous in some and subtle in some further foreign policy objectives as well as others. But the realisation of the potential for specific diplomatic missions. Activities of navies as instruments of statecraft has like bilateral/multilateral exercises with certainly dawned on all maritime nations like-minded nations, overseas deployments, in the last century. Ken Booth, the famed rescue missions (on request or suo moto), international relations theorist and author hydrographic survey assistance, training first propounded the theory of a Navy courses in India and practical capsules in being best suited “as an instrument of state host countries are routinely conducted by policy” and defined its trinity of functions: our Navy. What are of import within this military role; policing role and diplomatic role are classical diplomatic forays that role with the ‘unity’ of this trinity being have been staged on many occasions with provided by the idea of ‘use of the seas’. rich dividends. These have included flag For aeons, the predominant use of the seas showing, presence missions, and even an has been for transacting commerce over sea odd coercive diplomacy venture as was on lines of communication (SLOCS). Obviously, The third side—diplomatic role—was using a navy in the diplomatic role is to fur- display in the North , for the the seas are also used for naval manoeu- always recognised and used to great advan- ther policy objectives, generally intended to better part of a year, during Operation Para- vres; for transporting troops; for assault on tage by the “haves” amongst navies. After seek favourable disposition on one end of kram (post attack on Indian Parliament). an enemy at sea or on land; for exploitation a turbulent 20th century, this role has the scale and to affect the thought process In a manner of categorising, even the of resources there from; and most impor- assumed great importance even amongst and attitudes of targeted governments, anti-piracy missions being undertaken by tantly, for exercising diplomacy. small maritime nations. The diplomatic on the other. A navy possesses the power the Indian Navy since early 2008 fall under While the military role is the obvious role does not necessarily start and end to wield influence through flag showing the role of coercive diplomacy. These uses raison d’être of any navy, the policing or with sweet diplomacy alone. As a matter or mere presence off a foreign shore, or, of a Navy are sometimes grouped within the constabulary role deals with brown-water of practice, more often than not it assumes through the threat of use of force. Gunboat political role of sea power and are routinely functions of actual ‘policing’ by the navy. It a political hue. The primary purpose for diplomacy encompasses all of these and called to order. The latter variety (coercive is performed by the Coast Guard where one does not necessarily imply coercive diplo- ventures) are invoked to avert war, or, to exists (as in our case since 1978). Primarily macy alone. These measures comprise an obtain desired results without going to war. concerned with patrolling the coast to ensure In seeking to preserve, alternative to the gruesome prospect of Celebrated naval strategists like Mahan and law and order—just like the civil police—the protect and further its going to war and have shown promising Julian Corbett predominantly advocated role also include protection of exclusive evidence of effectiveness. What makes war- preparation for and conduct of naval war- economic zone (EEZ) against poachers and interests beyond maritime ships so suitable as “ambassadors”? It is fare. Even they touched upon characteris- patrolling of harbours and the near waters their unique attributes of flexibility (mix of tics of influence and prestige that can be against economic or environmental law security, the Indian Navy has capabilities); versatility (ability to perform wielded by ships but not to the extent the offenders. In many ways, the Coast Guard a variety of tasks); mobility (capability to last 100 years have witnessed. feeds nation building through developmen- mastered the art of skilfully be able to mobilise quickly and go long After World War II, we have seen the tal interaction with the coastal communi- distances at various speeds); endurance longest period without a major war, though ties, protection of fisheries, installations and operating along all four sides (ability to sustain at sea for extended dura- the number of international crises and ports. This effort is supplemented by the tions); force projection (ability to project bush fires have seen a rise. The use of the Navy whenever and wherever required, to fill of the ‘pyramid’ of roles power on another’s shores by posturing navy in these situations has shown the suc- the void due to insufficient resources and to and if required, by firepower or by land- cess that navies have had in both persua-

www.spsnavalforces.net ensure seamless monitoring. ing troops). From its very beginnings after sion and coercion, giving credence to the

4 6/2012 Strategy

belief that intelligent and dynamic use of the navy can prevent escalation of war. A navy’s use is particularly suited to dealing with crises where diplomatic negotiations may not produce results. This is so because a navy can appear quickly off the trouble spot, apply force (at times without firing a shot) and just as quickly disappear, leaving little animosity behind. The Indian Navy has also honed the skills of evacuation of Indian citizens and citizens from other countries from a third country engaged in war. The first such (twin) operation code named “Shield” and “Bolster” was successfully enacted for de- induction of Indian peacekeeping troops during the Somalia crisis, at the eruption of uncontrolled civil war in December 1994. A Task Force of the Indian Navy used threat of force over two Somali port cities under warlord control—Kismayu and Mogadi- shu—and stayed on station till safe retrieval of an Indian Army contingent by air and sea. The second such opportunity came during the Lebanon War (Israel vs Hezbol- lah conflict) of July 2006. A Task Force of the Indian Navy was on its return passage through the Suez Canal after an overseas deployment in the Mediterranean, when this war had suddenly broken out. With many Indian citizens stranded in South- ern Lebanon, the Government asked the Navy for quick evacuation. The Task Force turned back for “Operation Sukoon” and made repeated forays into Beirut (through the war zone), ferrying evacuees to Larnaca, Cyprus, for onward airlift by Air India. A total of 2,280 people, including Indians, Sri Lankans, Nepalese, Lebanese and a cou- ple of (Indian) Americans were evacuated. Apart from the evacuation, tonnes of relief material including food was offloaded by these ships at Beirut, to be distributed by the Indian Embassy as required. Naval ships are called floating (moving) cities. Their ver- satility makes them easily adaptable to any contingency in far of regions. With its predominant position in the Indian Ocean, India faces imponderables and added responsibilities with such reg- The 21st century will be the century of the sea ularity that its Navy appears fully occu- pied with unforeseen contingencies in DCNS believes that the sea is this planet’s future. DCNS is inventing high-tech solutions to peacetime. These range from providing sustainably secure and develop its potential. DCNS is a world leader in naval defence and an humanitarian assistance and disaster relief innovative player in energy. The Group’s success as an advanced technology company with (HADR), to escort on request from other nations, to search and rescue operations. global reach is built on meeting customer needs by deploying exceptional know-how and All these have, over time, been added to unique industrial resources. DCNS designs, builds and supports submarines and surface the known peacetime repertoire of any combatants. It also proposes services for naval shipyards and bases. Last but not least, DCNS navy, viz. SLOC-monitoring, general off- offers a range of solutions in civil nuclear engineering and marine renewable energy. shore surveillance and routine training sorties of the fleet. A careful look at activi- Chamourat C. : - photo rouge design dragon ties like HADR will place these in a new www.dcnsgroup.com slot within Ken Booth’s trinity. The Indian Navy has for long amended his trinity of functions into a “foursome”, represented by a pyramid with the fourth side being labelled “benign role”. The Indian Ocean from this role of the Navy that there is a dip- cooperative mechanism after 1991.Taking littorals and the maturing of cooperation region is the locus of almost 70 per cent of lomatic dividend submerged in the benign a leaf out of WPNS’ lessons, the IONS con- through the maritime domain. the world’s natural disasters. With climate role as well, which helps confidence-build- struct was structured to encourage equal- India has also been a pioneer in foreign change now a visible reality, the frequency ing and mutual respect between India and ity of status, with the objective of enhanc- cooperation endeavours across the oceans and magnitude of disasters in our region is recipients of assistance across the seas. ing maritime cooperation amongst Indian through interaction with like-minded seeing a northward graph. If the tsunami Another constituency of diplomacy— Ocean region (IOR) littorals. It has wit- navies. The benefits are substantial and of December 2004 was any indication, through the medium of the seas—encom- nessed a paradigm shift from competitive make for establishment of enhanced trust, preparedness and relief measures have to passes initiatives for maritime partner- security to collective security within the better communications and agreement assume much higher alertness amongst ships. This has been the flavour of major Indian Ocean. It has been aimed at chang- of common procedures for contingencies littorals. The Indian Navy’s promptness of maritime powers for long. The Indian ing the perspective from viewing the oce- within and outside the region. effort during the tsunami continues to get Navy too had been looking at mustering a anic expanse as a “connector-facilitator” As India’s economy is growing, its areas quoted and receive kudos from across the regional forum and succeeded in inaugu- rather than a “separator” of nation states. of interests are concurrently expanding at a globe. Apart from moving with alacrity to rating the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium Now seen as a collective reaction to new fast pace. In seeking to preserve, protect and our own affected port cities of Chennai, (IONS) in February 2008. This initiative and unconventional threats—from piracy further its interests beyond maritime secu- Nagapattinam and Port Blair, our ships attracted support from almost all mari- to terrorism to illicit trade to asymmetric rity, Indian Navy has mastered the art of simultaneously reached Sri Lanka, Indone- time states within the Indian Ocean and is warfare to climate change and environmen- skilfully operating along all four sides of the sia and Maldives, and provided extraordi- now a popular avenue for consultation and tal degradation, the forum is increasingly ‘pyramid’ of roles. Today, more than ever nary relief through skilled manpower and resolution of existing and foreseen chal- being recognised as the most important before, it is the diplomatic and benign roles material. All this has been possible only lenges. Earlier cooperative security struc- confidence-building mechanism within as embodied by constructive engagement, through decades of training on preparing tures tended to be embedded within the the IOR. Participants have come to realise preparedness for imponderables (crises) for imponderables. When super cyclones concept of competitive security like NATO that common threats require common (and and HADR that possess untold potential. hit Myanmar, Bangladesh, or a devastat- during the cold war. Even the Western collective) responses. In two months time, They need to be further exploited to steer ing earthquake hit Yogyakarta, our ships Pacific Naval Symposium (WPNS), launched IONS will complete five years. It has been and maintain the nation in prominence. SP rushed high ability disaster recovery effort by the West a year before the fall of the a most gratifying experience to weigh the with the same speed as an eventuality in Berlin Wall, was a cold war baby, though enormous gains that have been reaped, The author is former Flag Officer Com- Tamil Nadu or Odisha. It would be evident it was impressively transformed into a the complete change of outlook of IOR’s manding-in-Chief, .

6/2012 5  Radars Precision Approach Radars The Indian Navy has floated a request for information for PAR. With additional aircraft carriers and air stations in the future, there will be a requirement for many PARs.

Photograph: US Navy n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand of 12 nm (about 22 km). The antenna is fit- ted on a stabilised gimbal which automati- cally locks onto the landing aircraft. The lying from an aircraft carrier SPN-720 can be operated as a stand-alone is very tricky, precise and complex. system or it can be integrated with the ship While landing on the deck of a car- combat management system as it is capa- rier, the indicated air speed (IAC) ble of automatically correcting the parallax of the aircraft is reduced by sailing error between the radar location and land- Fthe carrier as fast as possible in the opposite ing path. The SPN-720 can provide simul- direction of landing aircraft. The differential taneous control of two aircraft. Low prob- of the speed of the carrier and the aircraft ability of interception is ensured by minimal then helps in reducing the IAC, thus making radiated power. The radar features two con- it safe for landing. There can also be adverse soles (master and slave), each having a PAR flying conditions due to weather, terrain, display and an air search display. The PAR operational environment or a fault devel- display indicates: oped in the aircraft. Radars can assist the zz Conventional azimuth vs elevation pilot to land safely in such complex and dif- (Az-El) display format: The Az-El dis- ficult conditions by providing an electronic play tracks the aircraft indicating its glide path. There are two types of radar An air traffic controller position with respect to the touchdown approaches, i.e. approach surveillance radar monitors a AN/SPN-43 PAR point, horizon sea level and runway (ASR) and precision approach radar (PAR). A centreline. The tracking data is updated radar approach may be given to any pilot on every second. request or when the aircraft is in distress or US under the lend/lease arrangement by the of 8 nm (about 14.8 km). Designed primarily zz Width/height indicator with the error to expedite traffic. Acceptance of an ASR or Royal Air Force and later on transferred to as an automatic landing system, it can also data set: Width/height indicator is cen- a PAR by a pilot is only possible when the the (RN). The first GCA opera- be operated in manual control. The source tred on the glidepath to indicate air- weather conditions are within the prescribed tors were pilots till ground controllers were of information can be display or voice. craft offset/error in azimuth vs eleva- limit. However, the decision to make a radar trained. The radar picked up the aircraft Other US Naval Radar Systems used tion, within ± 6 deg azimuth and ± 600 approach when the weather is below the pre- along with the weather clutter which had to with CCA: Other radars, such as the AN/ feet elevation from the centreline. scribed minimum limits rests with the pilot. be suppressed. The precision beams were SPN-35, the CCA —AN/SPN-43 and the AN/ zz Messages and information area: The also very narrow thus it was necessary to SPN-44, are also used in conjunction with message and information area displays ASR servo the antennas so that they remained the precision CCA system for landing oper- commands, tracks status and informa- ASR is a type of radar approach carried out pointed towards the aircraft. Later on the ations. The AN/SPN-35 radar set provides tion, system status, operational status, with the active assistance of air traffic con- PARs acquired sophisticated clutter sup- both azimuth and elevation data for preci- operational mode, range, scale and gen- trol (ATC). While landing, the pilot commu- pression technology and auto-tracking. sion approaches to aircraft carriers during eral information. nicates with the air traffic controller who adverse weather conditions. The AN/SPN- vectors or guides the aircraft to align it with Talkdown Technique 43 is a surveillance and ATC radar used The Air Search Display the runway centreline. The controller con- The navigation data is passed to the pilot by on carriers and amphibious-type ships. It The air search display presents the opera- tinues to guide the aircraft until the pilot the controller through a set of continuous provides air navigational data for control tor with the tracks gliding around the ship can complete the approach and carry out radio transmissions. The technique used by and identification of aircraft in the area in a range-azimuth presentation. Data landing by visual reference to the surface the Royal Navy was called “continual talk- of the ship. With a range of 50 nm (about received from the ship’s main search radar, of the runway. An ASR is used only when down”. The pilot was guided by a set of direc- 92.6 km), it tracks low-flying aircraft to a ship position and navigation parameters there is an ATC operational requirement or tions as he approached the decent point. minimum of 250 yards and covers 360º at are acquired by the PAR from the interface in an unusual or emergency situation. The transmit switch was then left open and altitudes from radar horizon to 30,000 feet with the ship bus. there were continuous talks, advising the (9,144 m). The AN/SPN-44 is a range-rate Precision Approach pilot of their position in both azimuth and radar that computes, indicates and records Joint Precision Approach & Landing System In a precision approach, the traffic control- elevation, and also of necessary correction. the true and relative air speed of aircraft, JPALS is a futuristic precision approach and ler provides highly accurate navigational This became known as a ‘Talkdown’. making a landing approach to the carrier. landing system which has sea-based, land- guidance in azimuth and elevation to a Carrier-controlled approach (CCA) and AN/FPN-63(V) PAR: The AN/FPN-63(V) based, fixed/tactical, special operations pilot so that he can keep his aircraft aligned GCA radars: CCA and GCA systems can PAR is used by the Navy and Marine Corps manportable and civil variants. It is required with the extended centreline of the runway. help in safe landing of aircraft, even under for providing safe, orderly and expeditious to be ready for the US Navy’s sea-based ver- The accuracy of the radar permits lower zero visibility conditions. The primary recovery of aircraft in instrument meteoro- sion by 2014, fixed-based version by 2016 minimum descent than a non-precision approach systems in the US Navy are the logical condition (IMC). The AN/FPN-63(V) and the US Marine Corps’ mobile version approach. Thus the pilot has a better chance AN/SPS-46(V) precision approach landing provides talk-down capabilities to land mili- by 2017. For the US Air Force, fixed-based of seeing the ship or airfield in bad weather system (PALS) for CCA and the AN/FPN-63 tary and civil aircraft during reduced meteo- version is required by 2018 and for civilian conditions. Accurate navigational assistance PAR for CGA. rological conditions. The AN/FPN-63(V) is employment by 2020. Raytheon has formed includes information of glide-path intercep- AN/SPN-46(V) PALS: The AN/SPN- also used in conjunction with an airport sur- a team with Rockwell Collins and Honeywell tion approximately 10-30 seconds before it 46(V)1 system replaced the AN/SPN-42A veillance radar system to provide a complete for competing to develop the system. occurs, and when to start descent. The pub- automatic carrier landing system. Textron GCA capability for Navy, Marine Corps, and Reasons for developing JPALS: There lished decision height will be given only if Systems’ SPN 46 (V)1 and (V)2 PALS is meant other military and civilian aircraft as required. are gaps in the US PAR capability which are the pilot makes a request for it. Corrections for aircraft carriers and amphibious assault Information of azimuth, elevation and range as follows: for any deviation from the glide-path is, ships. AN/SPN-46 PALS is installed on all the to touchdown is provided and displayed on zz No single interoperable PALS is in ser- communicated to the pilot. Trend informa- US Navy aircraft carriers and provides safe the operator’s console. This information of vice with only 30 per cent of Navy and tion is also issued with respect to the eleva- and reliable final approach and landing for glide slope and centreline deviation is then 50 per cent of the Army aircraft cur- tion of the aircraft. Countdown for range to PALS-equipped carrier-based aircraft, during used by the air traffic controller to guide the rently having ILS. touchdown is communicated every mile/ daylight or darkness. It is rarely affected by pilot for a precision instrument landing. zz PAR and mobile microwave landing km. If an aircraft flies outside the specified severe weather and sea state conditions, and Selex Gallileo’s SPN-720 Shipborne system (MMLS) are the only military safety zone limits in azimuth and/or eleva- is not affected by low ceiling and visibility Precision Approach Radar: SPN-720 is a deployable landing systems, but the tion, then the pilot will be guided to execute problems. It can also provide safe and reli- naval precision radar designed for fast take- Navy and Army are not MMLS capable a missed approach or to fly a specified able final approach and landing guidance off and recovery of aircraft. The radar is able zz PAR and MMLS footprint is too large for course unless the pilot has the runway in for Marine Corps helicopters and AV-8B to provide safe and reliable final approach expeditionary operations. sight. Precision is automatically terminated Harrier VSTOL attack aircraft. The AN/ and deck landing guidance for aircraft dur- zz Joint operational forces lack a system upon completion of the approach. SPN-46 is capable of controlling up to two ing day/night and in adverse weather con- with auto-landing capability. aircraft simultaneously in a “leapfrog” pat- ditions. The SPN-720 offers CV Naval Air zz JPALS is designed to replace SPN-46 Some Examples of PARs tern because of having two dual-band radar Training and Operating Procedures Stan- & SPN-35 (shipboard PAR), land-based MPN1: The first PAR known as MPN1 was antennas/transmitters. The AN/SPN-46 dardisation (NATOPS) Programme Mode III PAR, ILS, MMLS, and TACAN at sea. developed by the Bendix Corporation of employs low-probability-of-intercept tech- landing, manual approach, during which the zz It is also to provide support for UAVs the US and used operationally in January nology to decrease the probability of passive radar controller relays continuous updates in the future. 1945 in France. It was called ground con- detection by hostile forces. The AN/SPN-46 to the pilot on his position and direction via Working of shipboard system: The trol approach (GCA) which is the original employs an X-band coherent transmitter a secure VHF channel. The SPN-720 employs shipboard relative GPS (SRGPS) carries out air traffic control technique to use radar for and receiver, utilising monopulse tracking an I-band Doppler radar with coherent solid the functions as follows: landing. The first PAR used in Britain was and doppler processing for clutter rejection state transceiver, utilising frequency agile

www.spsnavalforces.net CPN4/MPN11 which was acquired from the and rain attenuation at an operating range monopulse tracking at an operating range Continued on page 16

6 6/2012 xxxxx

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IAI salutes the Indian Navy on its Navy Day

Israel Aerospace Industries E-mail: [email protected] www.iai.co.il  Armaments Surface Weapons for the Littorals The Indian Navy is set to acquire over 80 new warships, including two aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines each, scheduled to join its fleet in the coming decade, with about five major combatants being commissioned every year

Photograph: Oto Melara n Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha include both sophisticated software and the ordnance. The aim is to achieve a high firing rate coupled with very high hit probabili- “A good gun causes victory, armour only ties. Feasibility studies have confirmed pos- postpones defeat.” sibility of retrofitting of modern systems on —Vice Admiral S.O. Makarov existing platforms.

ittoral warfare has come as Current Popular Gun Systems a reality check for the blue-water The Italian Oto Melara 127/64 LW light- forces as they have to also take the weight naval gun is used on board the Ital- littorals in their fold for operations. ian frégate multi-mission (FREMM) and the This involves their capability in German F125 frigates. This rapid fire gun Lcountering the threats in very shallow waters can be installed on large and medium size of diesel submarines, mines and swarm of ships, for surface fire and naval gunfire hostile boats in adversary’s home waters. In support, with anti-aircraft fire as its sec- Oto Melara’s 127/64 LW addition, they have offset threat from the light weight naval gun is ondary role. The compactness of the gun near shore defences of missile batteries, gun used onboard FREMM feeding system makes it possible to install batteries and air attacks before they can gain it on narrow section craft. The gun can fire entry to the coastal areas. The navies during all standard 127mm/5 inches ammuni- the cold war period have been outfitted for a due to inability of the guns to rapidly train, tem that uses 30mm high velocity cannon, tion including the new Vulcano long-range standoff combat on the oceans as against a elevate or depress to prosecute swarming a forward-looking infrared sensor, a low guided ammunition. Vulcano is a family battle in the littorals, the focus has to shift to targets from different directions at close light television camera, and a laser range- of extended-range (ER) unguided ammuni- tackling challenges emanating from the vir- quarters. Examples of some heavy guns finder for shipboard self defence against tion and long-range (LR) guided ammuni- tual shores, as ships have to perforce oper- include Oto Melara 76mm gun, (traditional/ small, high speed surface targets. The gun tion for the 127mm naval guns and 155mm ate in littorals for gaining unfettered access compatto/rapid), Bofors 57/70mm MKII/ can be operated locally at the gun turret or land artillery system. Vulcano is a new and to areas of national interests. The interna- MKIII, CADAM Turret/Loire 100mm/MK55 remotely at the remote operating console emerging technology based upon a fin sta- tional waters commence from 12 nm (about Mod 68, Oto Breda 127/54, Oto Melara in the Combat Information Centre (LPD 17 bilised airframe with canard control for 22 km) onwards and allow unrestricted 127/64, and Giat CADAM Turret. The aux- class)/Mission Control Centre (LCS class). terminal guidance; mechanical interfaces freedom of movement for boats and ships, iliary guns include, Oto Breda 40/L70 twin, The small hostile craft’s weapons of are same as standard 127mm ammunition. which in turn implies that smaller craft can Mauser EADS MLG 30/27mm, Rheinmetall choice include handheld weapons (the PK/ Various configurations for Vulcano projec- come sufficiently close to warships with the GDM-08 with MSP 500, Oerlikon Gam/BO RPK 7.62mm, the NSV 12.7mm, the Rhein- tiles are available for 127mm naval gun as intention of causing harm, before the war- 1, Allied Telesyn DS 30M automated small metall MG 3, the AK 47, AK 74, the FN FAL, unguided extended-range multi-role ammu- ships can ask them to stand clear. The traffic calibre gun system, Rheinmetall RH 202. the H&K G3, etc), and rocket launchers like nition, guided long-range ammunition with in littorals is fairly heavy, with small craft The close in weapon systems includes, RPG-7. Scenario and simulation studies have infrared (IR) seeker and autonomous iner- poorly equipped for effective communica- Mauser Oerlikon MeRoKa, Signaal GAU- established that most of the North Atlantic tial measurement unit (IMU)/global posi- tions, fishing in groups, deficient markings 8/A, GE/GDC MK 15 Mod 2, Raytheon/ Treaty Organisation (NATO) frigates are tioning system (GPS)-guided ammunition. and disparities in language. It is therefore Diehl RIM 116 Block 1 HAS. vulnerable to an attacking swarm of four to The Oto Melara 76/62 super rapid (SR) convenient for hostile craft to mingle with Incidentally, the US Navy’s require- eight such small hostile craft. Various stud- gun, today in service with 58 navies world- local craft, hide their weapons until the last ments for the LPD 17 and LCS ship pro- ies have also revealed that ships using a mix wide, is a multi-role medium-calibre naval moment and carry out attacks in swarms. grammes included the need for weapon of sophisticated high and low calibre weap- gun mount, designed for anti-missile and Further these craft have excellent knowledge systems capable of defeating small, fast, ons with high probability of hits, have much anti-aircraft as main role, and conceived of local waters, weather and topography due highly manoeuvrable surface craft. The greater chance of survivability then those for installation on multi-purpose ships of to which they can carry out their operations MK 46 gun weapon system (GWS) was with semiautomatic systems. This has led any class and type. From the operational with ease. The identification of hostile craft selected to provide these ships a capabil- navies to resort to upgrading or modernis- point of view, the 76/62 gun can fire at the and neutralising the threat within the short ity against small surface craft. The MK 46 ing the main and auxiliary gun and close in maximum rate of fire 120 rds/min, without reaction time presented by them, presents a GWS is a remotely operated naval gun sys- weapon system (CIWS) outfits. The upgrades interruption, delivering a huge amount of formidable problem. firepower in a very short time and at long Till recently, blue-water navies were used ranges. The 76/62 gun’s powerful and stabi- to operating with long-range stand-off weap- Barak Missile System with Indian Navy lised servo systems allow fast reaction to re- ons in the open seas and ships were built phasing commands from one target to the to meet the surface threats emanating far Barak Systems: Post-Kargil operations, lack of an effective anti-missile defence (AMD) other and precision and accuracy in aiming. away from shores. The carrier battle groups, system with the only aircraft carrier and most of the frontline Indian Navy warships, Moreover, the mount can also be fitted with missile cruisers and destroyers could direct prompted India to procure Barak I system in a phased manner. a dual or multiple ammunition feeding sys- formidable firepower against shore targets, The Barak surface-to-air missile (SAM) system was designed to replace or comple- tem in order to provide the user the capa- by utilising their air power and missiles at ment gun-based close-in-weapon system, such as the Phalanx, with a flexible and longer- bility to easily and rapidly select from the long ranges. Thus also enabling projection range SAM. The missiles are mounted in an eight cell container, which requires little carousel different types of ammunition in of power from stand-off distances in the lit- maintenance and are launched vertically. The radar system provides 360 degree coverage accordance with the incoming threats. torals and carry out support of land opera- and the missiles can bring down an incoming missile as close as 500 meters away from The 76/62 gun mount can be deployed tions. The blue-water operations required the ship. Barak is a supersonic, vertically-launched short-range air defence system, with for Naval Gunfire Support (NGS), anti- large ships with great firepower. However, an operational range of about 10 km and weighs just 1,700 kg, along with an equally surface warfare (ASuW), anti-air warfare the littorals need agile ships with weapons compact 1,300 kg fire control system. (AAW), anti-missile warfare (AMW) and which can rapidly attack multitude of tar- Barak-I has emerged as the best AMD system for Indian Navy ships for protection asymmetric warfare in particular. The latest against sea skimming missiles and has been has been successfully installed/being gets for survivability. Since naval ships are developments in the ammunition field have installed on several Indian Navy ships, including INS Viraat, INS Vikramaditya, INS Ran- built to operate over decades, there existed a placed the 76/62 gun mount in an enviable vir, INS Ranvijay, INS Mysore, INS Delhi, Project 15A ships, Brahmaputra class frigates, large gap with respect to warfighting equip- position in terms of lethality in countering Shivalik-class stealth frigates, Corvettes of Project 28, etc. ment in the littorals. asymmetric threats and air targets, includ- Barak II: Keeping in mind the limitations of Barak-I, India has decided to launch two different ing both high speed manoeuvring missiles programmes to induct the new long-range missiles to provide layered defence to battle Naval Guns and the new NGS and ASuW requirements, group or the fleet. Accordingly, India and Israel have signed a $330 million deal to jointly Traditionally, naval ships have been emerging from littoral warfare. develop a next generation Barak SAM, known as Barak II or Barak (NG), to produce the long- equipped with a heavy gun (57mm calibre The 3AP fuse can fit the 76/62 pre-frag- range surface-to-air missile (LRSAM) with a range of 70 km/43 miles, to be steered between upwards), an auxiliary gun of up to 35mm mented ammunition, ensuring top perfor- the Defence Research and Development Organisations (DRDO), Indian Navy and IAI. calibre and a small calibre gun for close The LRSAM will feature a more advanced seeker, alongside range extensions (up to 70 mances in critical engagement conditions, air/missile defence, the number of turrets km) that will move it closer to medium-range naval systems. The estimated cost of each such as those involving sea-skimming mis- depending upon the size and role of the Barak system, comprising a missile container, radar, computers and installation charges siles and fast manoeuvring boats. The 3AP specific ship. These guns are not effective would be approximately $24 million. fuse can be programmed in three operating

www.spsnavalforces.net at very close ranges against surface craft modes: Impact (fast and delayed action);

8 6/2012 Armaments

DCNS has awarded a contract to Sagem to modernise the fire control systems onboard The ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Group the French Navy’s six Floreal class surveillance frigates

Time (volume saturation and air burst); Proximity (standard, gated, anti-missile, conventional air defence, air defence, ASu); Seaproven, Scalable the 3AP fuse has a microwave RF sensor which behaves like a seeker detecting the ATLAS Naval Combat Systems target at long range. The relative velocity for Surface Combatant. and position are measured and a built-in ASO CPU sets up the trigger point of maximum lethality. Moreover, a digital signal proces- Hull mounted Sonar System sor provides full rejection of sea clutter for Surface Ships at minimal distance from sea surface. All the 76/62 gun mounts, including the ones Cerberus Mod 2 already in service, can be upgraded by the Diver Detection Sonar System introduction of a fuse programmer device. DCNS has awarded a contract to Sagem The class leading DDS for Port, to modernise the fire control systems Harbour and Vessel Protection. onboard the French Navy’s six Floreal class surveillance frigates. Under the contract, Seafox C Sagem will modernise fire control systems based on new-generation electro-optical Combat proven One Shot multifunction system (EOMS-NG) to provide Mine Dispoal System fire control for the ship’s main artillery, a 100mm gun as well as contribute to their In service with more than 10 navies. tactical situational awareness and self- defence of the ship. The single unit high- SeaHake® mod4 performance EOMS-NG optronic system features day-night infrared search and track The Underwater Benchmark! (IRST) type passive panoramic observation, identification, tracking and fire control as SeaProtector well as very short reaction time between SeaProtector torpedo defence suite detection and engagement. Ideal for fighting piracy and illicit traffic, the EOMS-NG will provides soft and hard kill replace the existing Najir optronic system. capability – SeaSpider - in blue water Sagem’s Vigy MM, which can be integrated in a combat management system or oper- to littoral environments. ated in a stand-alone mode, Vigy MM allows manual or automatic sector surveillance, automatic target tracking, aid to identifica- tion and transmission or reception of 3D target designation information. Vigy MM is able to simultaneously control several guns ... a sound decision! of different calibres. It is easy to operate and maintain. Vigy MM comprises: Your Contact in India: zz A high-performance gyro-stabilised plat- form providing an accurate line of sight [email protected] zz A ballistic computer allowing high accuracy gun firing zz A man-machine interface (MMI) ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Drawing on Sagem’s 30-year experience www.atlas-elektronik.com A joint company of ThyssenKrupp and EADS in electro-optical detection and fire control, Vigy MM capitalises on its predecessors’ proven high reliability, performance and accuracy. Over 400 systems in the Vigy MM range (formerly PANDA, LYNX, NAJIR Mk1, Mk2 and 2000, Vigy 20) are currently oper- Indian Navy’s Warship Procurement Plans and four vessels respectively. 100mm, 100mm AK-100 naval gun, AK- ated by 30 navies worldwide The Indian Navy is set to acquire over 80 zz Project 28 Anti-Submarine Warfare 176-M 76mm gun, AK-76/62 76mm gun, Nexter ARX 20 cupolas comes as new warships, including two aircraft car- Corvette: The corvette being built under twin-mount gun (76mm), OTO Melara an alternate solution, compared to the riers and nuclear submarines each, sched- Project 28 was envisaged as the Indian Otobreda 76mm gun. The auxiliary guns 12.7mm systems and the turrets fitted with uled to join its fleet in the coming decade, Navy’s ASW vessel for the 21st century include AK-630 six-barrelled 30mm a 25 or 30mm gun with its compactness with about five major combatants being as well as being aimed at encouraging Gatling gun, AK-230 twin 30mm gun. and low weight similar to 12.7 machine commissioned every year. Major warship private participation in ship-building. guns, 20mm guns fire more powerful pro- programme of the Indian Navy include: Two corvettes are now being built by Future Outlook jectiles. The Nexter naval remote weapon, zz Project 15A and 15B Guided Missile Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engi- The type of gun and fire control systems highly accurate, lightweight (NARHWHAL) Destroyers: This is being built by Maza- neers at $1,555 million. Delivery to the described above cover the entire range of naval remote weapon systems is particu- gon Dock Ltd, at a cost of $622 million Indian Navy is scheduled one vessel gun operations required for combating in larly designed for use in light ships with each. The follow-on project 15B gives the each for 2012 and March 2013. littorals. Further they can be retrofitted on very high manoeuvrability for monitoring Indian Navy the option of placing orders zz Project 1135.6 Russian Krivak III existing platforms. The US Navy is planning and close-in combat actions but may also for four more vessels in the same class. Class Frigates: India and Russia signed to acquire agile ships with modular design be suitable for heavier tonnage ships. The zz Project 17 and 17A: Under this project, a $1.6-billion contract for the construc- specifically for the warfare in the littorals effectiveness of the weapon is optimised three Shivalik class multi-role frigates tion of three Project 1135.6 Krivak III to minimise attrition to major combatants. by a stabilised sight associated with a with stealth features are planned for class guided missile frigates for the In view of the foregoing, it is anticipated fire-control system, while improving the construction by Mazagon Dock Ltd, of Indian Navy in July 2006 at the Yantar that for the surface warfare role, highly operator’s safety. In its basic configura- which one has been commissioned. The Shipyard of Kaliningrad. The first ship accurate, very quick firing and potent gun tion, the NARHWAL consists of a gyro- successor of these frigates is planned INS Teg (F45) was delivered in April this systems would be available in a couple of stabilised mounting armed with a 20mm under project 17A involving a total of year and the second ship INS Tarkash years. In this regard, the Indian Navy’s war- cannon, a day camera and a fire-control seven vessels at a cost of $578 million (F46) was delivered on November 9, ship acquisition has a littoral shift and it system which is remotely-controlled from each. The modular construction method 2012. The third ship INS Trikand (F50) has only to ensure that the gun systems on a control panel enabling system operation, will be employed by Mazagon Dock Ltd is planned to be delivered in 2013. existing as well as new major and minor target acquisition and tracking, and fire and the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and zz Indian Navy Guns: The Indian Navy ships cater to littoral warfare in terms of opening by the operator. Engineers Limited who will deliver three ships are equipped with A-190(E) accuracy, agility and firepower required. SP

6/2012 9  OPVs Critical in Mitigating Maritime Security Risks Offshore patrol vessels are highly flexible and inexpensive platforms, capable of a broad range of constabulary and low-intensity maritime operations. Indeed, given their attributes, it is inevitable that in the coming era, the offshore patrol vehicle’s role, quantity and importance in mitigating maritime security risks, will become more pronounced.

Photograph: Wikipedia n Commander (Retd) Neil Gadihoke sanctioned increasing the Coast Guard’s force levels three times over to around 200 ships and 100 aircraft by 2018 to enable it estroyers, frigates and to fight terror threats from the sea. At pres- corvettes; armed with ent, ICG is managing with about 100 sur- lethal missiles and torpedoes face vessels’ and 45 aviation assets, which — indeed, the plethora of includes 24 Dornier planes, 17 Chetak heavily-equipped warships of helicopters and four Dhruv advanced light Ddifferent countries deployed to curb the helicopters. Thus, the Coast Guard is also piracy menace off the Somali coast for the pursuing the OPV acquisition plan aggres- last few years — are an impressive array sively. The Goa Shipyard Limited received of maritime power. However, they are in an order of `1,800 crore in mid-2012 for sharp contrast to the cheap trawlers and six OPVs for Coast Guard. The Cochin Ship- dinghies used by the pirates. Such an over- yard is building 20 fisheries protection ves- kill and imbalance of force could be over- sels (FPVs), the order worth `1,500 crore come by deploying smaller, less expensive for which was placed in end 2010. Plans are and nimble-footed vessels. Indeed, there afoot for inducting 145 small interceptor are such ships all over the world, in most Sukanya Class boats, of which 36 are being constructed navies, coast guards and marine police offshore patrol vessel at Larsen and Toubro (L&T) shipyard and forces—and this sea soldier is called the remaining at various other shipyards. offshore patrol vessel (OPV). In another development which augurs An OPV is a relatively light and agile transport boarding parties and inspection responsibility to be the lead player in the well for Indian shipbuilding industry, an naval platform generally designed for teams; and a light to medium helicopter. coastal security matrix. Consequent to the unnamed West African customer has ordered coastal defence duties. They may be oper- Insofar as the Indian Navy’s OPV hold- unfortunate events of 26/11, the Cabinet two 95-metre-long OPVs from India’s Pipa- ated by a nation’s Navy, Coast Guard, or ings are concerned, the Sukanya class off- Committee on Security (CCS) had designated vav Shipyard, and includes options for police force and are commonly found shore patrol vessels have been in service the Indian Navy as the authority responsible another two vessels. Countries in the West engaged in various maritime security roles, for the last two decades. Vessels of the for overall coastal security of the country. African region are re-equipping their navies including anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fish- Sukanya class are named after notable In the past four years, several steps have in an effort to deal with numerous threats, eries patrols and immigration law enforce- women from Indian epics. The first three been taken to strengthen coastal security, including piracy, illegal fishing, oil theft, ment. They are also often called upon to ships were built by Korea Tacoma, now including induction of assets and man- illegal bunkering, arms smuggling and drug participate in rescue operations. part of Hanjin Group, while four were con- power, organisational changes and most trafficking, for which OPV is the best bet. History of the OPV evolution indicates structed at the Hindustan Shipyard in India. importantly, the synergy between all the Amongst the naval vessels, the OPV mar- that during both the World Wars, in order to The lead ship in this class, INS Sukanya stakeholders in coastal security. Much more ket is the fastest growing market world over rapidly build up numbers, all sides created (P50), was commissioned in August 1989. remains to be done to close the remaining and that includes India, where between the auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats Six such ships were commissioned between gaps on our vast coastline and hence urgent Indian Navy and the Coast Guard they have and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine 1989 and 1993. One of them, the erstwhile steps are being taken now to operationalise 17 OPVs of varying sizes on orders worth guns. Some modern patrol vessels are still INS Saryu, was sold to the Sri Lankan Navy the national command, control, computer `11,000 crore. However, this is only the based on fishing and leisure boat designs. and commissioned as SLNS Sayura in 2000. and intelligence (NC3I) network across beginning as the Coast Guard has a projec- Smaller OPVs are typically less than 50 Sayura was refitted with new weapon sys- the country, which is being steered by the tion to induct 160 OPVs of various sizes, in metres in length and usually carry a single tems prior to its delivery. The ship now Indian Navy, installation of radars along the the next two decades. In November 2011, medium-calibre artillery gun as the main serves as the flagship of the Sri Lanka Navy. coast by the Coast Guard and the establish- it was reported that the Ministry of Home armament and a variety of lighter secondary Sukanya Class offshore patrol vessels are ment of a coastal AIS chain by the Ministry Affairs (MHA) is planning to issue a `200 armament such as machine guns or a close- principally used to conduct offshore patrol of Shipping. Thus, coastal security is a high crore worth global tender for procurement of in weapon system. Depending on the role, duties in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) priority for naval planners. 30 patrolling boats with endurance of four to vessels in this class may also have more of India. Off late, they have been deployed In this background, given the fact that five days at sea, for the marine police in dif- sophisticated sensors and fire control sys- for anti-piracy operations in the Arabian Navy had transferred one OPV to Sri Lanka ferent states. These boats are being procured tems that would enable them to shift to the Sea. The Sukanya Class OPV features a large and converted two to Dhanush missile fir- under the Coastal Security Scheme Phase-II traditional warfighting role, if mandated. hull which is fitted with light armament for ing ships which divested them of the OPV and will be distributed among nine coastal The ship’s company of a typical OPV may offshore patrol missions. The platform can roles, an urgent need for more OPVs had states along with four union territories. This be one-third that of a heavily armed . be upgraded to a light frigate by integrat- arisen post-26/11. To this end, the Goa project will further boost the construction of Further, accommodation invariably exists for ing heavy weapon systems. Two ships of the Shipyard Limited was given an order to patrol vessels in India. extra personnel to accommodate boarding class, INS Subhadra and INS Suvarna, were build four naval OPVs (NOPVs) in 2009. In conclusion, it can be stated that the parties, law enforcement personnel or survi- retrofitted with a missile stabilisation plat- These would displace 2,195 tonnes and offshore patrol vessel is a highly versatile vors of some disaster at sea. Other attributes form to launch Dhanush ship-based ballis- would be able to transit at a maximum ship, designed to perform critical roles in of an OPV are a speed of 20-25 knots in order tic missiles. The main gun fitted on the bow speed of 25 knots, with an endurance of provision of maritime security to a nation’s to escort merchant ships and intercept pirate deck is a 40mm, 60 calibre Bofors anti-air- 6,000 nautical miles calculated at 16 knots. coastal areas. Their small size and relatively vessels; diesel propulsion for extended craft gun. They are also armed with 12.7mm They would be armed with a 76mm SRGM low cost make them one of the most com- patrol operations and an ability to replenish machine guns. The embarked helicopter is and two 30mm guns with associated fire mon type of warship in the world. Almost fuel and food at sea from naval supply ships. deployed in search and rescue (SAR) and control system in addition to four chaff all navies operate at least a few offshore Further, anti-ship and anti-personnel weap- maritime patrol missions. Sukanya Class launchers, besides state-of-the-art naviga- patrol vessels and perusal of military ships ons include one or more remote-controlled OPV’s are powered by two diesel engines tion, communication and electronic war- construction orders clearly indicate that the and stabilised medium-calibre guns to fire driving a twin-shaft propulsion system. fare equipment and would also support OPVs are becoming a popular choice in the warning shots as necessary and provide a Main threats to offshore and coastal helicopter operations. In addition, Pipavav fleets of Latin American nations, India, Japan, stand-off distance from rocket-propelled assets come from clandestine attacks. Shipyard, the country’s largest shipbuild- Malaysia, Spain and Turkey, and many other grenade launchers and other offensive weap- Defence against such furtive attacks ing facility in the private sector, has bagged navies and coast guards across the globe. ons (smugglers and pirates may fire at any requires extensive patrolling and show of a `2,600 crore contract to build offshore The underlying rationale being that they are vessel obstructing their operations); sensors force to ensure checks at all vital access patrol vessels for the Indian Navy. These highly flexible and inexpensive platforms, such as surface warning radar and electronic points along the coast. This would essen- vessels will also be fitted with a 76mm gun. capable of a broad range of constabulary and warfare equipment; suitable radios and com- tially remain a naval operation, under the They will be about 110 metres in length, low-intensity maritime operations. Indeed, mand and control systems to permit the larger ambit of securing the coast. In India, will have a displacement of about 2,000 given their attributes, it is inevitable that in compilation of a common operating picture there is a growing consensus that OPV is the tonnes, with a maximum speed of 20 knots. the coming era, the OPV’s role, quantity and with supporting forces; embarked high- most critical platform for coastal security, Further, as another consequence of importance in mitigating maritime security

SP www.spsnavalforces.net speed boats to pursue pirate vessels and especially as the Navy now has the onerous Mumbai terror attacks, the government risks, will become more pronounced.

10 6/2012 Maritime Operations New Technology for Maritime Missions Modern amphibian aircraft make possible a range of options not achievable by any one platform. Its unique multi- modal design permits airborne, seaborne and land operations in a single platform. Amphibious aircraft can operate both on land and water while seaplanes can operate from water surfaces only.

Photograph: ShinMaywa n Commodore (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar a few days. The range must be adequate to conduct missions into the Malacca Strait on the eastern seaboard and the ith India aspiring for on the western seaboard. For disaster relief regional power status, its operations, the amphibious aircraft must Navy must not only be able have a capacity for onboard first aid, a sick to address the immediate bay for at least 10 patients and commensu- security needs of the coun- rate rescue gear. STOL features and shal- tryW and defeat the enemies of the state, but low water operations must permit landing must also be able to contribute in benign in busy waterways, possible riverine/high- and constabulary operations in its area US-2 can take off and altitude lake operations as well as in open of interest and influence for the regional land on rough seas, as oceans. Low stalling speed would enable bet- good. From a maritime perspective, this well as on the ground ter observation of the target area to search power status contributes to burden shar- for casualties swept away. Payloads would ing towards protection of global public vary with the mission but should be suffi- goods and the oceanic commons to achieve relief or arrest, in a single platform. Of par- averted the tragedy. This is a lesson of his- cient to carry one platoon of rescue person- first, freedom of navigation and safety ticular significance is that as per the United tory that India can learn from the experi- nel together with disaster relief material. In at sea; second, promote regional stability Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea ence of the Russians. Civilian disasters on addition, amphibious aircraft should also be through an open and participative security (UNCLOS), military aircraft are “entitled to sea are equally numerous but the notable able to land in the rivers and lakes of distant architecture; third, proactively alleviate seize” (Article 107) and enjoy “right of visit” ones are the December 2010 sinking of an parts of the country and in short runways to suffering during disasters in the littorals (Article 110), and the “right of hot pursuit” asylum-seeker boat killing 48 people off the support the local population. of friendly nations: and finally, a constabu- (Article 111). Amphibious aircraft can thus Christmas Islands, and a loss of 200 lives Conduct of rough sea operations by an lary capacity to maintain order at sea for be very useful in conducting anti-piracy in December 2011, when a ship sank off Java amphibious aircraft requires incorporation the common good of the region. missions; and efficient, effective and eco- in rough seas. In June 2012, despite adequate of various design features to cater to the sev- Development of such capabilities and nomic constabulary operations for fishery warning and with four Indonesian and Aus- eral aerodynamic challenges that are encoun- induction of the appropriate enabling sys- protection, prevention of toxic dumping at tralian warships, four merchant ships and tered during such operations. As a general tems signal a firm regional commitment sea, illegal human migration and smuggling five Australian Government aircraft (but no rule, impact loads and size of spray or splash towards maintaining regional stability and of weapons and drugs. Once the deterrence seaplanes) joining the search in two-metre during water landing increases with wave maritime security and safety but is also value of amphibious aircraft is clearly estab- swells, 90 people were still missing. In the height and approach velocity. Therefore, in an affirmation of delivering on the natural lished by conducting a few successful oper- Comoros islands, more than 30 people have order to conduct safe and effective rough responsibilities that come with great power ations that bring culprits to book, our seas died recently following boat capsizes at sea operations, it is necessary to integrate status. While ships, submarines and aircraft will be far more safe and secure. sea. Article 98 of the UNCLOS requires that several technological innovations. First, a are all qualified in some way or the other for Of particular relevance to the Indian “every coastal State shall promote the estab- specialised radar system that can deter- fulfilling the above missions, each of these Navy and in fact all navies that operate long- lishment, operation and maintenance of an mine the wave direction, wave length and platforms is also limited by some capabil- range maritime patrol aircraft or airborne adequate and effective search and rescue wave height is required to enable the pilot ity gap or the other. Modern amphibian air- warning and control system (AWACS) air- service”. Modern amphibious aircraft, which to plan the landing. Second, low landing and craft make possible a range of options not craft or shore-based maritime interdiction can operate in rough sea conditions, can eas- take-off speeds and a steep angle of descent achievable by any one platform. Its unique aircraft, is in the choice of the most suitable ily avert such loss and tragedy at a fraction are a must since the energy transfer is pro- multi-modal design permits airborne, sea- amphibious aircraft that can conduct a near of the cost and time, and ensure that the portional to the square of the velocity of the borne and land operations in a single plat- all-weather high speed rescue operation for coastal state is in compliance with Article 98. aircraft. Third, structural design of the hull form. Amphibious aircraft can operate both the entire crew of a ditched aircraft either For mission effectiveness, the main shape must marry aerodynamics with hydro- on land and water while seaplanes can oper- by accident or in battle. The aircraft is more parameters of performance evaluation dynamic stability and ruggedness, arising ate from water surfaces only. easily replaceable than its highly trained would be rough sea operations, range, out of skipping, jumping or uncontrolled Beginning its debut on March 28, 1911, crew of pilots and observers. Similarly, the payload, short take-off and landing (STOL) oscillations during take-off, landing and hov- when the Hydravion took off from water at rescue of a crew of distressed ship or sub- capabilities, shallow water operations and ering phases over the sea surface or manoeu- Martinque, seaplanes by the end of World marine is faster with amphibious aircraft beaching ability. Of these, rough sea opera- vring over water, so as to prevent water War I had completed transcontinental than using ships or even helicopters. tions are paramount for India. According to ingress into engines and allowing for surviv- flights and in some instances have even One would also recall that on April 7, a study, only about 60 per cent of all waves ability in case of damage during rough sea been refuelled by ships and submarines at 1989, 42 submariners of a nuclear-powered are below 1.2-metre in height, but 96 per conditions. Fourth, engines and mechanical sea. After World War II, seaplanes lost their submarine perished in the Norwegian Sea cent of all waves likely to be encountered systems must be marinised to operate in the charm though limited civil and commercial while an IL-38 and a Norwegian P-3 Orion are below three-metre in height. Amphibi- corrosive medium of the seas. Finally, cock- applications continued. could only drop rescue facilities, after which, ous aircraft must therefore, by design, have pit height needs to be designed to ensure vis- Recent technological advances have its crew, powerlessly watched freezing sub- full operational capability to undertake ibility over top of the waves during take-off now catapulted seaplanes into a veritable mariners perish literally before their eyes, maritime missions in wave heights of three- and landing to prevent collisions. force-multiplier for maritime operations. as none of them could reach the rescue metre as a norm so as to be available for The technology enablers to meet these Seaplanes can now provide mainland-inter boats. An amphibious aircraft would have missions all throughout the year, except for requirements are boundary layer control island support, monitoring, servicing and systems that artificially generate a very high coefficient of lift even at low speeds, protection of offshore assets, EEZ and high Features ShinMaywa US-2 Bombardier CL-415 Beriev Be-200 seas surveillance, reconnaissance and intel- a well-designed spray suppressor structure Engines Turboprop × 4 Turboprop × 2 Turbofan × 2 ligence gathering, oceanic search and res- that prevents water ingress to engines, cue and casualty evacuation, long-range Dimensions LXBXH(m) 33.3 × 33.2 × 9.8 19.8 × 28.6 × 9 32.1 × 32.8 × 8.9 redundancy in engine capacities, a sophis- fleet logistic and maintenance support, Max take-off weight 47.7 tonne 19.9 tonne 37.2 tonne ticated full authority digital engine control long-range visit, board, search and seizure Max range 4,500 km 2,300 km 3,600 km integrated with a fly-by-wire control sys- operations, controlling derelicts, humani- tem and an airframe with a high aspect Cruise altitude 9,000 metre 2,400 metre 7,900 metre tarian assistance and disaster relief opera- ratio. Aerodynamically, the key challenges tions and countering small arms and drugs Normal cruise speed 480 kmph 280 kmph 610 kmph are in the location of the engines, design of trafficking, human migration, poaching and Max cruise speed 560 kmph 380 kmph 700 kmph the tail plane and the empennage to pro- toxic cargo dumping at sea, etc. Unlike con- Stalling speed 107 kmph 150 kmph 155 kmph vide better stability to the aircraft on both ventional helicopters and aircraft, amphib- Take-off from water 280 metre 808 metre 1,000 metre sea and air during low speed flight. ian aircraft can land at the location and Worldwide, Beriev and ShinMaywa are Landing to water 330 metre 665 metre 1,300 metre enforce the will or the law of the country. the lead manufacturers of amphibian air- The unique feature of these aircraft is that Operational wave 3 m (Sea State 5) 1.2 m (Sea State 2) 1.2 m (Sea State 2) craft. The accompanying comparative table it combines the capabilities of rapid surveil- height > 96 per cent Up to 66 per cent Up to 66 per cent gives out the key features of some of the operability operability operability lance and prompt response, whether for amphibious aircraft. SP

6/2012 11  Analysis 40 Years Since Operation Trident Potential adversaries cannot be deterred by mere threats or rhetoric, but by the possession of a combination of such capabilities, which are far superior to their own. It is thus reassuring that the ongoing force accretion measures of the Indian Navy are endowing it with a war-fighting potential, which can be unleashed with ferocity, if required.

Photograph: Indian Navy n Commander (Retd) Neil Gadihoke ing. In the ensuing 40 years since Opera- INS Chakra tion Trident, the Indian Navy has grown by leaps and bounds. Without doubt, it is he Indian Navy celebrates its today a transformed, multidimensional and Navy Day on December 4 to immensely more powerful entity, than it was mark the operational success in 1971. It is clearly evident that the Indian of the attack on Karachi, during Navy, as in 2012, is in the middle of its most the 1971 Indo-Pak War. Code impressive growth plan, which would cata- Tnamed “Operation Trident,” it was aimed pult it into a truly world-class force. to degrade and demoralise the A major thrust area is expansion and Navy, as the defence of Karachi harbour modernisation of the Indian Navy’s avia- was paramount to Pakistan. The port city tion arm. With an aim to increase the pres- received some of the best defence Pakistan ence and scrutiny in the Indian Ocean had to offer, as well as cover from strike region, the P8-I long-range maritime recon- aircraft based at two airfields in the area. naissance and anti-submarine warfare air- Since Indian Navy Vidyut class mis- craft are being sourced from the US and are sile boats had limited range, the plan for due to be inducted commencing 2013. Pro- Operation Trident called for towing the curement of additional UAVs is being pro- missile boats towards Karachi and includ- gressed to further augment surveillance ing a refuelling tanker in the task force and reconnaissance capability. to enable the task force to return back to sile, which was seen approaching and again ered an enormous success for the Indian Further, India launched the INS Arihant, Indian ports. The Vidyut class vessels were engaged with anti-aircraft guns of Khaibar. Navy with no casualties or damage to the its first indigenously-built nuclear subma- each armed with four SS-N-2B Styx surface- The missile struck the No. 2 boiler room Indian Task Group, which returned safely rine, with the intention of commissioning to-surface missiles with a range of 40 nm on the starboard side, sinking PNS Khaibar. back to Indian ports. The success of this it after sea trials. India has thus joined the (about 75 km). On December 4, 1971, the At 2300 hours, INS Nipat engaged two operation prompted another successful exclusive club of nations that have SSBNs in task group for the operation consisted of targets to the north-east, approaching Kara- attack on Karachi on December 8, 1971, their navies. Five indigenously-built nuclear three Vidyut class missile boats, INS Nipat, chi. Verifying the targets, Nipat launched 1 known as Operation Python. submarines are planned for induction in INS Nirghat and INS Veer from the 25th Styx missile each at the MV Venus Challenger In hindsight, the success of the 1971 this project. In addition, with INS Chakra, “Killer” Missile Boat Squadron, escorted and its destroyer escort PNS Shah Jahan. It operations could be traced to Indian Navy the Russian-built Nerpa class nuclear sub- by two anti-submarine Arnala class cor- was believed that MV Venus Challenger was decisions in the late 1960s. Year 1969 and marine (leased for a decade) joining service vettes, INS Kiltan and INS Katchall, and a carrying ammunition for Pakistan from the 1970 had been busy years for the Indian earlier this year, the submarine arm has fleet tanker, INS Poshak. The task group US forces in Saigon. The ammunition on the Navy. This period had witnessed induction of got a major boost. The induction of assets was led by the Commanding Officer of the Venus Challenger immediately exploded as five Petya class submarine chasers (Kamorta, that enhance surveillance, identification 25th Squadron, Commander B.B. Yadav, the missile struck, sinking it about 42 kilo- Kadmatt, Kiltan, Kavaratti and Katchall), and exchange of information, has become embarked on INS Nipat. metres south of Karachi. The other missile four submarines (Kalveri, Khanderi, Karanj central to Indian Navy’s network-centric As per the operational plan, the task hit PNS Shah Jahan which was badly dam- and Kursura), submarine depotship (amba), warfare (NCW) initiatives. Availability of group reached 250 nm (about 460 km) aged. At 2320 hours, the minesweeper PNS submarine rescue vessel (Nistar) and two a dedicated geostationary satellite for the south of Karachi and stayed in the area Muhafiz was targeted by a Styx missile from Polish-built landing ships LST (M)s (Gharial Navy in the very near future will be a great during the day, outside the range of Paki- INS Veer. The missile hit Muhafiz on the and Guldar). advancement towards the NCW concept. stan Air Force (PAF). The plan was to attack port side abaft the bridge, instantaneously In the 1970-71 period, the Indian Navy lat- This satellite, expected to be launched by Karachi at night because most PAF aircraft disintegrating the vessel before it could est acquisitions were the eight Soviet missile the Indian Space Research Organisation did not possess night-bombing capability. send a transmission to the PNHQ. boats which were at various stages of accep- (ISRO) in 2013, is known as the GSAT-7 In the evening on December 4, INS Kiltan INS Nipat continuing towards Karachi, tance and delivery (Nashak, Nipat, Nirghat, communication satellite and is also identi- and the three missile boats approached locked on to the Kemari oil storage tanks Nirbhik, Vinash, Veer, Vijeta and Vidyut). fied as INSAT-4F. With a 1,000 nm (about Karachi, evading Pakistani reconnaissance of the port from 14 nm (about 30 km) The success of the attack was also attrib- 1,800 km) footprint over the Indian Ocean aircraft and surface patrol vessels. At 2230 south of the harbour. It fired two missiles utable to the weak opposition offered by region, the satellite will be able to network hours Pakistan Standard Time (PST), the at the tanks. One of the missiles misfired, the Pakistani Navy. In the Pakistan of 1960s, all warships, submarines and aircraft with task group converged about 70 nm (about while the other hit the fuel tanks, which the continued to be accorded operational centres ashore through high- 130 km) south of Karachi and detected Pak- were burnt and destroyed, causing heavy a lower priority and the fleet was allowed speed data links. The entire fleet and com- istani targets, analysed as warships, about loss. The task force then withdrew back. to degenerate into a shrinking force quite mand centres on land would be able to 70 km to the north-west and north-east. Overall, the Indian Navy missile attack was incapable of taking on the task of providing share the information of a hostile action, in INS Nirghat then steered towards and carefully planned and executed well. The protection to the sea lines of communication real-time, to ensure swift reaction. engaged the north-westerly target and attack achieved complete surprise and was between the two wings i.e. East Pakistan (now Further, unlike 1971, when almost all after verification fired the first SS-N-2B a shock to Pakistan’s Armed Forces Com- Bangladesh) and West Pakistan. The Pakistan assets were acquired through the import Styx missile at the destroyer, PNS Khai- mand. A disjointed and haphazard res- Navy particularly lacked an air reconnais- route, it must be noted that the preferred bar, which was on patrol. Khaibar mistook cue operation was launched to locate and sance capability which was to prove a signifi- choice of Navy for inducting assets has the missile to be an aircraft and engaged recover survivors of PNS Khaibar, while cant factor in the outcome of the 1971 war. been through the indigenous route. The it with its anti-aircraft guns. The missile PNHQ was not aware of the sinking of PNS The Indian Navy has thus created his- induction programme is continuing apace struck Khaibar on the starboard side and Muhafiz. PNHQ learnt of the fate of Muhafiz tory owing to the blazing success of Opera- and over the next five years, the Indian exploded below the aft galley in the elec- from its survivors who were rescued when tion Trident and Operation Python during Navy expects to induct ships/submarines trician’s mess deck, at about 2245 hours a patrol vessel steered towards its burning 1971. Can a 1971 type attack operation be at an average rate of five ships per year. PST. The ship immediately lost propulsion, flotsam while searching for survivors from replicated in this day and age? To conclude, it is reiterated that 1971 plunged into darkness and the No. 1 boiler the Khaibar. Operation Trident was consid- The answer to this question is convo- type of dominance is achieved through room exploded, engulfing the ship in thick luted, owing to the geopolitics and geo- military maritime forces with superiority black smoke. Khaibar sent out an emer- economics of the present era. The Cold in terms of overall numbers, capability and gency transmission to the Pakistan Naval The success of the 1971 War, under the overhang of which the 1971 technology. Potential adversaries cannot be Headquarters (PNHQ) which read: “Enemy operations took place, is long over. Further, deterred by mere threats or rhetoric, but aircraft attacked in position 020 FF 20. No. operations could be traced in the last decade, the north Arabian Sea has by the possession of a combination of such 1 boiler hit. Ship stopped.” In the panic of been inundated with warships and merchant capabilities, which are far superior to their the attack, the transmission sent incorrect to Indian Navy’s decisions in vessels of many countries, thus constricting own. It is thus reassuring that the ongo- coordinates of the ship’s position, which the late 1960s the space for surprise naval operations. ing force accretion measures of the Indian resulted in delays in rescuing the survivors Thus, the question does not have easy Navy are endowing it with a war-fighting later. With the target still afloat, at about answers. However, an overview of the pres- potential, which can be unleashed with

SP www.spsnavalforces.net 2249 hours, INS Nirghat fired a second mis- ent status of the Indian Navy is encourag- ferocity, if required.

12 6/2012 6/2012 13  Interview / Industry

‘We are strongly committed to the indigenisation process under the P75 programme’

Bernard Buisson, Managing Director of DCNS India Pvt Ltd, in a conversation with SP’s Naval Forces, informed that 50 per cent of the Mazagon Procured Materials (MPM) originally manufactured by DCNS have been successfully subcontracted by DCNS to Indian industries

Photograph: DCNS SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): How successful In order to achieve all the above tasks has DCNS been in its endeavour to man- and maintain real time responsiveness to age the indigenisation process under P75 the numerous requests of assistance from programme so far? our industrial partners, DCNS has set up Bernard Buisson (Buisson): DCNS is a task force composed of expatriates and strongly committed to the indigenisation Indian engineers in our headquarters in process under the P75 programme. In fact, Mumbai and some of them based at the we can proudly state that DCNS is one of Indian companies production sites. the very few foreign companies to have It is important to note that all these invested and achieved high indigenisation indigenisation contracts have been imple- levels and at no additional cost to Indian mented without any additional costs to the Navy/Ministry of Defence (MoD). Indian Navy/MoD. This is quite remarkable Despite having no contractual obliga- when one knows that indigenisation costs tion to reach any specific level of local con- can often increase the price of equipment tent, DCNS has strived to develop a sound originally purchased directly from over- base of qualified Indian companies to indi- seas up to 50 per cent. genise as much as possible the equipment The decision to invest in infrastructure forming an integral part of the submarine. and ToTs by DCNS and our Indian partners Today, more than 50 per cent of the was more difficult to make as only four Mazagon Procured Materials (MPM) origi- submarines can contractually benefit from nally manufactured and/or supplied by the indigenisation of the existing P75 con- DCNS has been successfully subcontracted tract. We, along with our Indian partners, by DCNS India to Indian industries. Some took a long-term view betting that follow- factory acceptance tests (FATs) have on orders of submarines would provide a already been successfully conducted in reasonable return on investment. the facilities of these Indian vendors in the presence of Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL). SP’s: A lot has been talked about the delay on the P75 programme. What are your SP’s: Can you elaborate more on the level views on this? of expertise developed by MDL as result Buisson: The P75 project has suffered, as of partnership with DCNS and under you know, some delays. But it is essential DCNS transfer of technology? to keep in mind the reasons for these nor- Buisson: MDL is the only Indian naval ship- mal delays so that they could be avoided in yard to have manufactured submarines in the future. MDL had stopped manufacturing the past. However, the competencies devel- submarines for more than a decade before oped have seen a pause for more than a the P75 programme. Any shipyard con- decade. Human competences—when not fronted with such inactivity will inevitably maintained—disappear quickly. rapidly lose the staff trained for such spe- Given the above-described gap in manu- cific tasks and all the associated expertise facturing load at MDL and the consequen- DCNS’ Scorpene SSK required to manufacture a system as com- tial loss of skilled manpower and expertise, plex as a submarine. MDL has been able to overcome expected On the other hand, it is remarkable that and normal teething problems in hull manu- Some equipment that are fitted onboard DCNS is doing this additional indigeni- MDL has been able to catch up, hire new facturing in a very short time. They are now are part of the MPM originally designed or sation work at no extra cost for MDL/MoD. staff, train them and absorb new ToTs in able to manufacture pressure hulls faster supplied by DCNS. Their indigenisation— only three years. MDL has now completed than we can do in our facilities in France. or manufacturing by Indian companies SP’s: What has been the strategy/method the manufacture of the pressure hulls for These pressure hulls are very sensi- with genuine ToT—is on its way and pro- adopted by DCNS to manage the indigeni- the six submarines. They are now able to tive and complex to manufacture. They gressing very well. More than 50 per cent sation process? manufacture new P75 hulls faster than we are essential for the safety of the crews of equipment originally designed or pro- Buisson: In order to get the best cost-effec- do it in our facilities in Europe and with the onboard, as they have to resist very high duced by DCNS have been or are being indi- tive solution while guaranteeing the same same quality level. pressure at very deep depths. genised. Three contracts have already been level of quality as if the equipment were However, in case MDL does not receive a After successful manufacturing of the signed with industrial partners and some manufactured in our facilities, we have iden- new order to manufacture more submarines, pressure hulls for the six submarines, equipment has been delivered to MDL. tified two to three local manufacturers for they will lose again their competencies. MDL is now in the process of performing Despite the fact that this contract was each type of equipment to be indigenised. With various ToTs for manufacturing the very sophisticated tasks of outfitting: originally signed under the “Buy Global” The process of identifying, auditing, the P75 pressure hulls and other specific equipment, cables, pipes, cradles being procurement procedure and that offset pro- qualifying and certifying all these com- related tasks now successfully absorbed integrated in each section hull. cedures were not yet part of the Defemce panies is very long and costly. Once the and with the entire infrastructure now Soon all these tasks will be finalised, the Procurement Procedure, the level of indi- industrial partners have been certified, the available for the P75 project, MDL is in a learning curve will reach its plateau thus genisation of the P75 is remarkable. process of transferring them the TOTs, the position to manufacture additional subma- allowing MDL to be again the centre of excel- Indeed, the P75 is in fact a truly indig- production drawings and providing them rines very competitively and without any lence for submarine manufacturing in India. enous submarine. With over 50 per cent with adequate training and technical assis- further delays. MDL is able to manufacture additional of DCNS supplied MPM items being indi- tance to help them produce the first equip- submarines as fast and efficiently as we genised and the fact that all the pressure ment as per DCNS quality standards, is also SP’s: Is DCNS providing AIPs on the last could do in our facilities in France. hulls are manufactured at MDL, the level of very time consuming and costly. two Scorpenes of P75? What is the cur- overall indigenisation of this submarine is rent status? SP’s: What is the present level of indig- close to 50 per cent. This is similar to proj- Mazagon Dock Limited is able Buisson: We have provided the Indian Navy enous content in each submarine? ects usually now procured under the “Buy with some information on integration of AIP Buisson: All six P75 submarines are manu- and Make (Indian)” procedure. to manufacture pressure hulls on the last two submarines with the objec- factured at MDL Shipyard from the First As part of an extended indigenisation tive to preserve the delivery schedules. of Class onward. MDL has successfully programme, DCNS is also selecting Indian faster than we can do in our We would be totally ready to indige- absorbed the complex transfer of technol- companies for supply of equipment are not nise significant subsystems/components; ogy to manufacture the sensitive pressure manufactured by DCNS, such as batteries, facilities in France some of which could be used for any other hulls, which will protect and ensure the cables, water plant. MDL has to directly AIP system the Indian Navy might want to

SP www.spsnavalforces.net safety of the crew at very high depths. purchase these items. choose later on.

14 6/2012 Show Report Euronaval Underscores the Need for Alliances with Emerging Markets The show covered spheres ranging from naval sovereignty to state action at sea with respect to maritime safety and security, including the enforcement of public order at sea, marine navigation and fisheries policing, and maritime and coastal surveillance n R. Chandrakanth estimated contract worth $1.3 billion which ture module comprising, in a single build- Nexter’s NARHWAL on Show has enthused the US and French companies. ing block, the bridge, operations room and French firm Nexter Systems presented Saudi Arabia’s neighbour, the United enclosed mast. This module will be deliver- its naval remote weapon, highly accu- uronaval is the most defini- Arab Emirates, another oil-rich country, able to partner shipyards as part of con- rate, lightweight (NARWHAL). NARWHAL tive international naval defence expressed interest in buying a small, cor- tracts calling for local shipbuilding. weapon system includes a gyro-stabilised and maritime safety and secu- vette-sized combatant and Lockheed Mar- Submarines: The Andrasta compact turret, 20mm automatic cannon, an aim- rity event held biennially in Paris. tin, Austal and Fincantieri have reportedly submarine is designed to operate in shallow ing sight and the associated command and Original equipment manufactur- made their offers. Lockheed Martin has on littoral waters as well as deep ocean waters. control terminal. Eers (OEMs) from all over the world descend offer a scaled-down version of its 116-metre A direct descendent of the Scorpene, it is In November last, 22 systems of the on the venue to exhibit their products and littoral combat ships, while Austal has put remarkably effective in all roles close to NARWHAL 20B configuration were pur- solutions, but only two Indian companies forth its 80-metre multi-role vessel (MRV). coasts. Recent advances have focused on chased by the French shipbuilder DCNS to were present—BrahMos Aerospace and Fincantieri from Italy has an edge as it is improved acoustic discretion, improved arm the 11 French Navy´s Aquitaine class MKU—at this year’s exhibition. In fact, already fitting out the Abu Dhabi, 89-metre sonar detection capabilities, particularly in FREMM multi-mission frigates. The system media houses from India outnumbered long large corvette, besides building the coastal environments and additional provi- is believed to have been ordered for the Indian defence companies. first two 56-metre Falaj 2 class patrol boats. sion for intelligence gathering; an essential single FREMM ship being built for the Royal While the publications see the potential Moving east, South Korea has ordered its role in coastal theatres. Endurance has also Moroccan Navy. Other naval equipment by that exists in the maritime industry con- 100th ship-borne Sigma 40 inertial naviga- been extended to three weeks. Nexter were ViPer, the Optsys local situa- sidering the vast coastline India has and tion system from Sagem (Safran group), con- Services: The stand also presented the tional awareness and driver vision enhance- its mammoth security needs, the Indian firming its confidence in the system’s laser Group’s global service offering. Drawing on ment system, or the PBS console, the FREMM companies are yet to get aggressive glob- gyro technology. The Sigma 40 is a high- experience acquired serving the French Navy frigate control panel developed by Nexter ally, particularly when the OEMs are look- performance ship-borne inertial navigation and international customers, DCNS offers a Electronics and DCNS. Nexter Munitions was ing at marketing opportunities; strategic also an exhibitor with its entire medium-cal- alliances and partnerships with the Brazil, Photographs: MBDA, DCNS, Oto Melara, Raytheon ibre and naval ammunition range. Russia, India and China (BRIC) countries and other emerging markets. Observing Navantia Ties Up with Rosoboronexport the importance of emerging markets, the Spanish company Navantia and Russian French Minister of Defence, Jean-Yves le agency Rosoboronexport signed a contract Drian observed at the Euronaval inaugura- to arm Spanish Avanteclass patrol ships tion that the future of the industry (French with Russian weapons for further export to and also European) lies within rational third-party countries. The agreement was export policies and tactical alliances with signed during the Euronaval. developing countries such as India and Bra- Under the contract between Rosobo- zil. The Minister admitted that the French ronexport and Navantia, the Russian side naval business was still too fragmented and MBDA’s CWSP consoles DCNS L’OPV Gowind will contribute its know-how, while the vowed to put together a global strategy. Spanish side will provide financing and This applies to most of Europe which ensure North Atlantic Treaty Organisation if it has to keep the industry alive, has to (NATO) certification of the finished product. look for major revenues from non-Euro- pean countries and there were nearly 76 Eurocopter’s Maritime Helicopters official delegations from various countries. Eurocopter’s extensive range of helicopters Organised under the joint patronage of the for naval and maritime missions was on dis- French Ministry of Defence and the Secre- play. The company displayed models of the tariat of State for the Sea, as in the previous NH90 NFH, the AS365 N3+ and the AS565 years, Euronaval reaffirmed its position as MB/Panther. With a diversified product line the leading international naval defence and tailored to numerous operational require- maritime safety and security event. Synapsis command ments, Eurocopter helicopters are counted The show covered spheres ranging bridge by Raytheon Oto Melara’s 127/64 LW on for such missions as anti-submarine and from naval sovereignty to state action at aanti-surface warfare, anti-piracy and anti- sea with respect to maritime safety and smuggling missions as well as coastal or security, including the enforcement of pub- system. It is available in different versions to range of services (technology transfers, teach- deep-sea maritime search and rescue opera- lic order at sea, marine navigation and fish- cover operational needs for warships, from ing programmes, training, simulation solu- tions. Built by NH Industries, a consortium eries policing, and maritime and coastal corvettes to nuclear submarines. tions, etc) to help client navies make the best formed by Eurocopter, AgustaWestland and surveillance. It sought to highlight innova- use of their assets, maintain them (through- Fokker, the NH90 was just one of the mod- tions by French and international players DCNS a World Leader in Naval Defence life support programmes, upgrades, etc) and els on show. Till date, 122 NH90s have been in the naval sector and new technologies in DCNS was present in full strength at Euro- manage naval base infrastructure (design, delivered to customers, 18 of them the NFH what is a high-tech industry. naval and some of its innovative products construction, operation and/or maintenance, naval version. The fleet has now clocked up a Le Bourget, the venue of Euronaval, gave at Le Bourget were surface combatants; integration of defence-critical facilities, ship- total of 30,000 flight hours, mainly in search adequate play for naval drone manufactur- submarines, besides its service offerings. yard refurbishment, etc. and rescue (SAR) missions performed in ers—both underwater and aerial—and satel- One of the highlights was FREMM-ER especially demanding environments and also lite applications in communications, naviga- (extended range) with its enhanced anti- Thales Introduces Vigile DPX Radar Systems in the Afghan theatre of operations. tion, defence and security. In all, Euronaval air capabilities. Thanks to its four-panel Following the successful deployment of the attracted close to 400 exhibitors from 35 phased-array antenna and continuous Vigile DPX radar electronic support mea- Raytheon Launches Synapsis Bridge countries and trade visitors from 100 coun- hemispherical coverage, the new radar can sures system on the British Royal Navy’s Raytheon Anschütz launched the Synap- tries with growing participation from Ger- detect and track threats at unprecedented Type 45 class destroyers earlier this year, sis Command Bridge, an innovative sys- many, Brazil, the UK and Russia, with, for ranges enabling the combat management Thales introduced the system to the inter- tem solution for OPV’s, smaller naval and the first time, a Korean shipyard among system (CMS) to exploit the ship’s current national market for the first time. coast guard vessels. It is a combination of the exhibitors. Over a period of five days, and future weapons systems to the full. “This is a ground-breaking new radar commercialoff-the-shelf navigation with Euronaval attracted market influencers and These capabilities are particularly impor- system,” said Phil Naybour, head of UK command and control capabilities to a new, buyers from across the sector, 76 official tant for littoral operations, in bad weather maritime activity at Thales UK. Navies now homogeneous bridge system. The bridge delegations, and 300 guests of honour from and against increasingly stealthy threats. see themselves in a cluttered littoral envi- aims to provide a solution that not only over 60 countries, including high-ranking Gowind range: DCNS is currently devel- ronment due to radar use from both military includes the Synapsis Integrated Navigation government figures—i.e. ministers and the oping a Gowind version for mine counter- and civilian operators, Naybour explained, capabilities but also transfers enhanced equivalent—secretaries of state, navy chiefs measures (MCM). The ship is being tailored so the DPX uses a wideband digital receiver command and control capabilities from the and national armaments directors. to deploy unmanned vehicles designed to directly sample the full bandwidth of the Raytheon Anschütz’s SmartBlue surveil- Business-wise, the talk was about specifically to detect, identify and destroy radar RF spectrum instantaneously. Opera- lance system to a new sea-based application. Saudi Arabian Navy’s intent to overhaul its underwater mines. For the Gowind Com- tors can then detect signals otherwise hid- French-built F-2000 frigates and oilers at an bat, DCNS is designing a new superstruc- den behind this clutter. Continued on page 17

6/2012 15  Interview / Industry

‘We are looking at developing long-term footprint in India’

Khalil Rahman, Country Head, India, Atlas Elektronik, in conversation with SP’s Naval Forces, said that the company is looking at developing partnerships with India in order to allow India to develop an indigenous torpedo

Photograph: Atlas Elektronik SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): What are the expertise in sonar technology. We may pro- activities Atlas is involved in? Can you vide building blocks that an Indian part- tell us the background of Atlas and how ner could stitch together with an existing it has evolved in the last few decades? combat system that they have developed Khalil Rahman (Rahman): Atlas Elektronik in order to provide a new platform or even is a 100-year-old marine electronics com- upgrade an existing platform. pany and probably the world’s leading An important project that will be of sonar house. It is jointly owned by EADS interest to India will be the torpedoes. Atlas and ThyssenKrupp, the largest conglomer- owns the IP on everything from the tip of ates in Germany. the torpedo to the casket. As mentioned We have three major product lines: before, we are in fact the only European zz Submarine Division making Sonar manufacturer that has the complete range systems, combat systems and towed of technologies. I can say very confidently arrays to increase the listening range of that our heavyweight torpedo is the best submarines. torpedo in the world. It’s already sailing not zz Weapons Division which is Europe’s Heavyweight torpedo SeaHake only on the German submarines but vari- leading Torpedo supplier and the only ous export navies in Europe, Asia and else- provider that has all aspects of electric where. The performance of this torpedo is torpedo technology and can provide mately. We supplied our equipment like Besides, a request for information (RFI) clearly proven both in terms of range, speed technology to India from the homing the combat systems, the torpedoes and the was issued last year for shallow water ASW and reliability. Besides we have some really head to the fibre-optic cable. sonar systems onto the Shishumar class craft, a small craft that is also tendering to a unique technology, for example in batter- zz Surface Division which has a large submarines, which were designed by HDW. number of Indian shipyards. We expect the ies that give the range and speed, or in the range of solutions in the areas of anti- The Indian Navy is currently upgrading tender shortly. So we are talking directly to fibre-optic wire-guidance system that we are submarine warfare and mine counter- the existing fleet of submarines—both the the Navy, to the shipyards, and to industry willing to share with India. measures amongst others. German and the Russian fleet. So we are partners about how best to integrate our We believe that a market and an econ- In addition, we have a number of involved in upgrading the complete suite technologies onto these platforms. omy like the size of India needs to develop smaller divisions including a Hydrographic of equipment on the German submarines. Our aim is not only to deliver German- its indigenous industry and will do it. Division and Hagenuk, specialised in com- We’ve already upgraded two of the boats. build products to the Indian Navy but also We are looking at developing partner- munication systems. For the Russian-built Kilo class we are bid- to build a coalition of partners in India that ships with India in order to allow India to In terms of the evolution of Atlas, one ding for the towed array sonar. will include both the public sector and the develop an indigenous torpedo that inte- of the most noticeable changes in the last Atlas Elektronik sees a large potential private sector, the shipyards and indeed grates aspects of our technology. We see few years has been the increasing globalisa- in the Indian market and in view of the organisations like DRDO to help the Indian the torpedo defence system as a potential tion of the company. Atlas has been actively Indian Navy’s fleet expansion plans, the industry develop localised solutions or area. And we are talking directly both to entering new markets, whereas in the past, company is looking at developing its long- solutions that are adapted to the needs of the Navy and the partners. the company relied on traditional customers. term footprint in India. the Indian market.Our plan is to create a 100 per cent Atlas subsidiary in India, as SP’s: What are your areas of responsibili- SP’s: Are your systems compatible with SP’s: What are the current focus areas you this will help us in establishing a long-term ties? Is your role confined to the Indian the Russian platforms? are pursuing for Indian market? footprint; both commercial and technical market? Rahman: Technically in many cases it is Rahman: We recognise India to be an in the country.This is ongoing and should Rahman: Our various products and ser- possible to integrate other sensors and important market, which has a very very be operational within the next few months. vices have a worldwide reach and are not weapons on to Russian platforms and ambitious programme of shipbuilding, just confined to India. Worldwide, we sup- indeed this is in the interest of the Indian both surface ships and submarines. Apart SP’s: Have you worked towards the off- ply the complete functional chain from Navy. The Indian Navy already has several from the existing platforms, Atlas Elek- set commitments which are mandatory as sensor-to-shooter with sonar, integrated Russian platforms with a variety of West- tronik is also interested in future build per the Defence Procurement Procedure? combat system, heavyweight torpedoes, ern and indigenous equipment installed. In programmes in the country. How do you view the offset obligations mine disposal weapons and underwater general, yes, but the specific case needs to Talking about submarines, one of the in India? vehicles (remotely and autonomously oper- be technically examined. important programmes that Atlas is look- Rahman: Atlas is in any case looking at ated) for conventional submarines and ing at is to procure another 18 conventional involving Indian partners for industrial mine warfare vessels. SP’s: Which part of the world gives the submarines, the first six of which is called development in India, irrespective of the In partnership with others, we provide largest share of business to Atlas? Project 75 (India). We will be bidding with offset requirements. As regards the obli- system integration services for surface Rahman: Obviously Germany is our home our shareholder HDW for Projects 75 (India). gations, these vary from tender to tender combatants (supplying the sonar, combat market and we have large established sub- Atlas is interested in all programmes where and it is difficult therefore to generalise. management and navigation systems) for sidiaries in the UK and Australia. But that is our technology has an application. Like any supplier, we would like to see offshore patrol vessels, corvettes and frig- the historical picture. Looking forward, we Among many projects, one important more flexibility in the offset rules and are ates. With our integrated radio and com- see India and the USA as two of the largest project that we feel will be of interest to encouraged by recent changes which we munication systems we are able to connect and most important markets. India is the torpedoes. We are in fact the hope will continue to evolve and improve. all naval ship and shore-based platforms only European manufacturer that has the into a network-based environment. SP’s: What relationship did you have with complete range of unique technologies, SP’s: What is the unique selling point of Based on these existing capabilities, using India and the Navy in particular so far? which we are willing to share with India, Atlas Elektronik for Indian buyers? Why state-of-the-art technology, we offer tailored Rahman: Atlas Elektronik has a long-stand- and are talking to various partners includ- should your solutions receive careful solutions for the market of maritime security ing association with India. Atlas has been ing the Defence Research and Development attention versus the competition? in terms of vessel traffic control, coastal sur- present in India since the 1980s approxi- Organisation (DRDO). Rahman: Atlas has particular domain veillance and hydrography. SP

Precision Approach... Continued from page 6

zz Ship derives its precise position using tions and drive aircraft displays to tional interoperability. Indian Perspective GPS. maintain glide-slope which may be cou- zz Ensures the availability of air assets at a The Indian Navy has floated a request for zz Inertial navigation sensors provide pled with flight controls. time and place as tasked by the higher information (RFI) for PAR. With one aircraft ships motion for glide-slope solution. authority. carrier at present and one major air sta- zz Ship broadcasts ship position and Advantages zz Can operate in adverse weather and ter- tion, there may be limited requirement at glide-slope solution via encrypted UHF zzGPS-based system comprised of ship rain operations. present. With the addition of more aircraft data link. systems, aircraft systems and data zz Enables forward naval presence which carriers and air stations in the future, there zz The aircraft derives its precise position link. facilitates crisis response. will be a requirement for many PARs. To using GPS and receives glide-slope data zz Single joint system replacement for zz Improves situational awareness and this, if the requirement of Indian Air Force, and reports back position via two-way multiple obsolete ship, shore and tacti- provides enhanced safety. Coast Guard and civil aviation is added, the data link. cal systems. zz Covert operations. numbers will become sizeable, warranting

SP www.spsnavalforces.net zz Software algorithms calculate correc- zz Supports joint service, civil and interna- zz Jam-resistant GPS technology a JPALS-type of approach.

16 6/2012 UAVs

Photograph: Indian Navy

For Maritime Surveillance

The Indian Navy has now decided to go for smaller unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which can operate from ships. The Indian Navy and Indian Army have issued a request for proposal for 95 mini-UAVs. Companies which may be Heron UAV involved are Israel’s BlueBird Aero Systems, Innocon Limited and others. n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand which may be involved are Israel’s BlueBird Aero Systems, Global UAVs Innocon and others. BlueBird Aero Systems makes UAV’s like MQ-8B: The US Navy selected the MQ-8B to support its littoral MicroB for urban use, SkyliteB for tactical intelligence surveil- combat ships. It was also redesignated as MQ-8B to indicate aritime domain domination is a very lance reconnaissance (ISR) for infantry tactical teams/special its multi-role capability. Fire Scout has the ability to autono- important aspect of naval operations. Mari- units, Boomrang for long-endurance missions and Blue Eye mously take-off and land on any aviation-capable warship time surveillance is a complex business as it for civilian application. Piramal Enterprises, an Ajay Pira- and on unprepared landing areas. It can carry out surveil- involves subsurface, surface and air surveil- mal Group company, has picked up some stake in BlueBird lance; locate, track and designate targets, and provide accu- lance. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have Aero Systems. Innocon has offered a newUAV called Spider. rate targeting data to strike aircraft, helicopters and ships. Mnow assumed an important part for this role. Common These type of UAVs will probably be used by the Navy for ScanEagle: Boeing and Insitu Inc. have developed SeaS- applications of UAV platforms are for reconnaissance, ship-based tactical role, complementing other shore-based can naval UAV, which is capable of launch and recovery from surveillance, intelligence gathering and targeting. Some UAVs; and state-of-the-art P-8I Neptune, long-range maritime aboard a ship. The US Navy contracted in April 2005 for Sca- additional naval roles are: patrol aircraft which is due for induction commencing early nEagles to be deployed onboard 15 destroyers and dock land- zz Search and rescue as amply proved during tsunami. 2013 along with eight medium-range maritime reconnais- ing ships. ScanEagle was very successful and by 2009, it had zz It could carry a common data link and serve as a radio/ sance aircraft which are also being planned for induction. It crossed 1,500 ship board recoveries. data relay platform. is also reported that IAI’s Malat Division, in cooperation with Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton: MQ-4C is an UAV zz Can enable a leap forward in payload sensor capability India, is developing a maritime naval rotary unmanned aerial under development for the US Navy as a surveillance aircraft for naval surface fire. vehicle (NRUAV), on a Chetak (Alouette III) platform which is under the broad area maritime surveillance programme with zz Provide real-time battle damage assessment. widely used by the Indian Navy. It would have an endurance the aim of providing continuous maritime surveillance. MQ-4C zz Operate as unmanned combat aerial vehicle. of six hours and radius of action would be 120 kilometres is based on the maritime variant of the RQ-4B Global Hawk. The Indian Navy has also started inducting UAVs for for providing early warning and detection of aircraft, cruise Northrop Grumman’s X-47B: X-47B is a fighter-size maritime surveillance. So far they are using shore-based missiles, surface vessels and even subsurface activity. After stealth demonstration UCAV which first flew in 2011. It is a Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Heron medium-altitude being transformed into a pilotless all-weather platform, the carrier-based UAV which has successfully completed initial long endurance (MALE) UAV and Searcher Mk II multi-mis- helicopter will be equipped with multiple payloads for multi- test flights in July 2012. The X-47B demonstrator has success- sion tactical UAV. Heron is capable of MALE operations of mission performance, enabling aerial ship-borne resupply, fully completed its inaugural land-based catapult launch on up to 52 hours’ duration with a height ceiling of 35,000 feet. maritime surveillance and other missions. The NRUAV fea- November 29. It has now been embarked on the USS Harry S. Searcher has an endurance of 20 hours, range of 300 km and tures automatic take-off and landing from aviation capable Truman for its initial sea trials. height ceiling of 23,000 feet. It appears that the Indian Navy ships and from unprepared landing sites. There is also a Bell’s Eagle Eye: The Bell Eagle Eye is a short-range, ship- has now decided to go for smaller UAVs which can operate possibility of acquiring rotary-based systems like Northrop board-deployable UAV which is of tilt-rotor design, incorpo- from ships. The Indian Navy and Indian Army have issued Grumman’s Fire Scout or a similar system in case there is a rating two rotor systems and transmission nacelles on each a request for proposal (RFP) for 95 mini-UAVs. Companies delay in the Chetak-based project. wing tip. It is being developed by Bell Helicopter. SP

Euronaval Underscores the Need... Continued from page 15

Atlas Electronik SeaSpider in the Front infrared and image intensification sen- air and surface-to-surface missiles and CNIM Armaments for Navies Atlas Electronik showcased a SeaSpider sors, laser rangefinders and more. Fully weapons such as the MARTE MK2 medium- CNIM introduced this year the FS Fighting and a SeaHake torpedo as models, besides integrated in the combat system, this mast range anti-ship missile system, the Mistral/ 56. A compact ship (56 m) lines with stealth the UUV SeaOtter. Also on demonstration supports new operating modes, since it can Simbad air defence system and most naval high speed (38 knots) and a significant fire- was its “low frequency active towed array transmit panoramic video from all sensors guns. CWSP-PB also enables patrol boats to power to fight anti-ship actions and actions sonar” for surface ships ACTAS and a mine to multifunction control work stations, carry extensive security missions including towards the earth, particularly suited for countermeasure container model. Further- especially the DCNS Subtics model. high value unit escort, control and defence littoral operations was showcased. more, the company exhibited its ‘expanded of coastal areas, maritime traffic and smug- Its armament includes a 76mm gun flank array sonar’ (EFAS) which ideally com- MTU Boosts Series 8000 Power to 10 MW gling control, search and rescue missions on the front, a 40mm cannon on the back plements the submarine sonar sensor suit. MTU announced the development of series and Special Forces missions. (it may be replaced by a pitcher with 21 8000 engines with an output of 10 MW from RAM missiles), two guns tele-operated 20 Sagem Pulse on Maritime Market Tognum subsidiary MTU Friedrichshafen OTO Melara Presents Naval or 30mm remote controlled plus 8 MM40 Sagem (Safran group) keeps its fingers on GmbH. Series 8000 engines now cover a Gun 127/64 LW Exocet anti-ship missiles. The electronic the pulse of the maritime market, with inno- power range from 7,200 kW to 10,000 kW OTO Melara exhibited various versions of warfare (ESM-R and C-ESM) and radar vative new offerings in navigation, optron- enabling MTU to offer economically effi- its Vulcano ammunition for 76, 127 and (navigation as detection) are integrated ics and self-defence systems for frontline cient, diesel-based propulsion solutions 155mm calibre guns along with the mock into the mast single C-MAST. Weapons combat units, coast guards and commercial producing up to 40 MW per vessel. up of the new naval gun 127 Light Weight and sensors are interfaced in a system shipping. Sagem showcased its products and MTU also displayed a cutaway model Vulcano—already installed on the first Euro- of integrated command. The ship has a expertise in five main areas: submarines, of the Series 1163 main propulsion engine. pean multi-purpose frigate (FREMM) Carlo range of 4,000 kilometres miles and has a surface vessels, marine units, airborne sur- The unit is available in 12V, 16V and 20V Bergamini, belonging to the , crew of 32 people. veillance and for the first time, navigation cylinder configurations covering the power and recently delivered to the German Navy. CNIM also presented the fighting SWAO systems for commercial ships. It will also be range 4,440 kW to 7,400 kW and is cur- With the Vulcano ammunition, charac- 53, a concept of stealth ship with a hull offering dynamic demonstrations. rently in operation in frigates and coast terised by a very long fire range and state- beam and provided a wide platform for heli- Multifunction optronic systems for guard vessels among others. of-the-art guidance systems which can copter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). fast patrol boats: addressing the needs Other MTU exhibits included a model engage targets without causing collateral Capable of reaching 30 knots, the vessel, of maritime protection missions, Sagem vessel with a combined diesel engine and damages, OTO Melara confirms its lead- with a length of 53 metres, it is equipped offered an integrated cockpit including gas turbine propulsion system combined ing position in the production of advanced with eight-cell vertical launch air defence optronic sensors and light remotely-oper- diesel and gas (CODAG). The company’s defence systems designed to engage any missile to accommodate a 57mm gun. ated weapons. This system combines sur- propulsion portfolio for naval vessels will kind of target with extremely high preci- Also on the show was Vigilante 1400 veillance and fire control capabilities and be rounded off by charging units for sub- sion and reliability. CL79, an offshore patrol vessel autonomy comprises a Vigy Observer gyrostabilised marines. The advanced-development ver- of 12,800 kilometres miles multifunction, optronic turret, a Sea Wasp turret (devel- sion of the submarine diesel generator unit DCI Training Ship to the Fore capable of performing surveillance mis- oped in conjunction with Panhard) with a based on the Series 4000 and producing The DCI stand had a mock-up of its future sions but also long-term specific missions, 7.62mm weapon, and Lukeos naval infra- 1,300 kW will be available from 2016. training ship. Growth in requests for at- such as fight against piracy, drug traffick- red episcopes for a panoramic view of the sea training ensured by DCI-NAVFCO, its ing, war mines or anti-submarine. surrounding environment. MBDA’s Modular Combat System naval department, has led DCI and Piriou As said earlier, the highly advanced, Optronic surveillance mast: The lat- MBDA displayed its new modular combat to create navOcéan. This new company sophisticated and scalable technologies est member of Sagem’s submarine prod- system for patrol boats, the CWSP-PB com- has ordered a maritime training ship from are mainly coming from the Western OEMs, uct line, the optronic surveillance mast is pact warfare system package. This new the Piriou shipyards. The 44-metre ship, while the markets are elsewhere. Nonethe- a compact unit with a complete suite of combat system offers greater firepower called ‘Almak’ will be operational from less, Euronaval will continue to be a good optronic sensors: HDTV colour cameras, capacity of high performance surface-to- autumn 2013. hunting ground for naval systems. SP

6/2012 17  xxxxxNews News in Brief

By SP’s Special Correspondent boilers’ steel casing. Earlier, asbestos was HAL gets order from ICG to experience in overhauling the transmis- left out of the material package as part of modify two Dorniers sion assemblies of the Navy’s Sea King Crucial indigenous warships to an internal decision by Sevmash and its chopper. According to HAL, “The Indian enter service in 2013 suppliers. The use of asbestos, however, Navy suggested that the vast experience required the Navy’s on-paper approval. held by HAL on maintenance and repair Navy Chief Admiral D.K. Joshi also of helicopters will benefit Indian Navy in indicated that there were several sub- keeping the Sea King fleet serviceable.” standard components and subsystems HAL MRO Division accepted the offer for that had been sourced by Sevmash in the the servicing of Sea King 42C helicopter as course of the refurbishment programme a pilot project. A ceremony to take over that showed up during sea trials. All of the first helicopter for the process was these will also be replaced along with the carried out on November 8 at Kochi. boiler insulation lining, which is likely to HAL’s Kanpur-based Transport Aircraft An upgrade programme for the Navy’s take a good part of the next year. The ship Division (TAD) has recently been con- Sea Kings also hangs fire and is currently Year 2013 will be a momentous year for is now slated for delivery to India by the tracted by the Indian Coast Guard to being fought between AgustaWestland the Indian Navy with two crucial indig- end of next year, following another round modify two Dornier Do-228 aircraft for (OEM) and Israel Aerospace Industries. enous warship platforms entering opera- of sea trials to make sure everything is the observer-trainer role, to train observ- tional service. Both ships will be lead ships ship-shape. India’s own aircraft carrier, ers in navigation, communication and BrahMos fired from INS Teg of their class and there will be a large the new Vikrant class ship, is delayed as surveillance. According to HAL literature, attention paid to how they acquit them- earlier reported, but being speeded up at the O-Trainer modification consists of fab- selves in their intended roles. The first of the Navy’s request. rication and installation of two additional three Project 15A destroyers INS Kolkata trainee consoles and a work table with (being completed at the Mazagon Dock Ltd ‘Good news’ soon on Arihant modification of existing ELTA radar con- in Mumbai) and the first of four Project sole and outfitting with the latest state-of- 28 anti-submarine warfare corvettes, INS the-art NAV & COM avionic systems. Kamorta (being completed at the Garden The integration of the entire modi- Reach Shipbuilders and engineers Ltd), fication on the first aircraft CG-783 was will be commissioned into the Indian complete in a month and the aircraft has Navy. Both platforms have a high degree already been delivered to the customer. A BrahMos has been test-fired from INS of indigenous content and are of entirely Ground testing of modifications on sec- Teg, the Indian Navy’s new stealth frig- Indian design and construction, therefore ond aircraft CG-785 is in progress. ate, the first of the follow-on Talwar class representing a big leap in Indian warship warships built at the Yantar Shipyard in building know-how. Coupled with the con- Navy looking for torpedo Russia. The test from off the Goa coast tinuing entry into service of the Project simulator was said to be entirely successful—the 17 stealth frigates of the Shivalik-class, INS Teg has fired a BrahMos before during India has a formidable catalogue of ocean- The Indian Navy will have ‘good news’ to pre-induction trials in Russia. Its follow- going warships that it will also now look to share on Arihant soon, Chief of the Naval on ships, the Tarkash and Trikand, will export to friendly nations. Staff Admiral D.K. Joshi has said. Currently also be armed with the BrahMos in a verti- Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral D.K. undergoing crucial trials, the Navy Chief cal configuration. Joshi has indicated that 2013 will also see indicated that India’s first nuclear-powered the induction of one catamaran hull survey ballistic missile submarine had completed Northrop Grumman navigation vessel, one offshore patrol vessel and 16 a majority of its harbour acceptance trials system on Coast Guard vessels fast interceptor craft for coastal protection (HATs) and would shortly enter a phase and interdiction. “Over the next five years, of sea trials, which he said were expected we expect to induct ships/submarines at to last less than a year. Navy sources said, The Indian Navy is looking to acquire a an average rate of five-six ships per year. “The Arihant trials are swimming along torpedo simulator for the Atlas Elektronik Amongst the major projects under construc- well and is performing as expected. The SUT 266, currently deployed on its HDW tion in Indian shipyards, are ships of Kol- Navy Chief is right when he says that har- class 209/Shishumar class attack subma- kata class (P-15A), P-15B ships which are an bour acceptance work-up is almost com- rines. According to the Navy’s request advanced version of the Kolkata Class and plete and we will soon be in a position to for information from Indian and global the P-75 submarines, all at Mazagon Dock gauge its performance out at sea conduct- vendors, “The units including interfaces Limited. Anti-surface warfare corvettes are ing all manoeuvrs expected of a submarine must conform in function to enable series being series built at GRSE, Kolkata. In addi- of this size.” It is understood that a second inspection of torpedo tubes onboard sub- Indian Coast Guard’s under-build fleet of 20 tion, naval offshore patrol vessels are under hull has already been fabricated. marines with fire control system CCS- fast patrol vessels being constructed at the construction both at public and private sec- When asked if the nuclear reactor that 90-1/ISUS-90 (SFCS). A detailed response Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL) will have Northrop tor shipyards. The construction of the indig- powered the Arihant would be modified is essential so as to analyse the proposed Grumman (NGC) advanced shipboard navi- enous aircraft carrier though delayed is now and improved for the second SSBN, the solution of the vendor with regards to gation systems. According to NGC, “Under picking up pace at Kochi Shipyard,” he said. Navy Chief indicated that the performance technical capabilities and features of the the contract awarded through the compa- of the powerplant was being assessed torpedo simulator. The torpedo SUT 266 ny’s Indian reseller Marine Electricals Ltd, Vikramaditya delayed, Navy along with the performance on the Navy’s and fire control system CCS-90-1/ISUS- Northrop Grumman’s Sperry Marine busi- allows asbestos lining leased Akula-II class nuclear attack sub- 90 SFCS is installed on board submarines ness unit will provide a navigation package marine INS Chakra leased from Russia, are manufactured by Atlas Eleckronik, including VisionMaster Total Watch multi- and that plans would be drawn up on the Germany. Hence, firm responding to the function displays, electronic chart display configuration of the second boat’s power proposal should be capable of obtaining and information system (ECDIS), autopilot, source. Speaking of India’s depleting con- the relevant interface data independently magnetic compass and the new NAVIGAT ventional attack submarine assets, Admiral from the OEM of SFCS and SUT 266.” 3000 fibre-optic gyrocompass.” Joshi said, “They are not junk or obsolete. As with most such contracts, the deal They are highly capable, potent platforms, Indian Navy taps HAL to increase also includes spares, factory testing and and also have a land-attack capability.” Sea King availability engineering support services. The first Acknowledging that the delays in the Proj- ship-set delivery is expected in late 2012. ect 75 Scorpene build at Mazagon Dock Ltd Deliveries will continue into 2015. “These The Navy has accorded approval to the (MDL) had slowed plans, the Admiral said integrated bridge system components will Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk, Russia, that things were finally on track, reveal- provide the Indian Coast Guard the most to use asbestos heat lining in the sealed ing that the Navy had asked MDL and its advanced shipboard navigation systems boiler unit of the Vikramaditya aircraft car- technology partners (DCNS and Navantia) available today,” said Alan Dix, Managing rier following a complete breakdown of the to compress construction/delivery sched- Director of Northrop Grumman Sperry ceramic fire-brick lining during sea trials ules as far as possible. Finally, the DCNS Marine. “We look forward to delivering earlier this year when the ship was pushed said that the request for proposal (RFP) for products that will help secure India’s to higher speeds. After carefully consider- the long-awaited follow-on Project 75 India coastline for years to come.” SP ing the situation—and taking into account submarine line—for six more conventional The Indian Navy has knocked on HAL’s that the unit is a sealed one—the Navy has attack submarines—would be floated soon, door to carry out Sea King 42C Helicop- For complete versions, log on to: provided official approval for the use of given that all approvals had been accorded ter 90 weekly inspections at INS Garuda www.spsnavalforces.net & asbestos cardboard for the lining over the by the government. in Kochi. The HAL MRO Division has had www.spsmai.com www.spsnavalforces.net

18 6/2012 xxxxxNews

Antony’s visit to Indonesia cleared search and rescue equipment for the Indian Air Force helicopters worth $200 Appointments Publisher and Editor-in-Chief million (`1,000 crore) and 3,000 hand-held Jayant Baranwal thermal imagers for the Army at $160 mil- zz Vice Admiral S.P.S. Cheema, Chief Assistant Group Editor of Integrated Defence Staff to Chair- R. Chandrakanth lion (`800 crore). man COSC, has been appointed as Senior Editorial Adviser the Commander-in-Chief, Strategic R. Adm (Retd) S.K. Ramsay Upgraded Indian submarine starts Forces Command. seas trials in Russia Senior Technical Group Editor zz Vice Admiral Sunil Lanba, Chief of Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand An Indian Kilo class diesel-electric sub- Staff, Headquarters Eastern Naval Contributing Editors marine INS Sindhurakshak that has been Command, is now the Commandant, Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor overhauled at the Zvezdochka Shipyard in National Defence College. Air Marshal (Retd) V.K. Bhatia northern Russia has undergone two weeks zz Vice Admiral N.N. Kumar, Control- Senior Copy Editor & Correspondent Defence Minister A.K. Antony visited Indo- of sea trials. INS Sindhurakshak joined the ler Warship Production and Acqui- Sucheta Das Mohapatra nesia from October 15-17 to take part in Indian Navy in 1997 and the contract for sition, has been appointed as the Contributors the first Ministerial level biennial defence its upgrade was issued during June 2010. Chief of Material. India dialogue between the two countries. The The upgradation programme includes Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash zz Rear Admiral B.K. Verma, Flag Offi- R. Adm (Retd) Raja Menon defence dialogue mechanism at the highest a complete overhaul of the submarine, cer, Special Purpose Vehicle and level was agreed upon during the visit of including its hull structures, as well as Cmde C.P. Srivastava Advance Operating Base, on pro- Cmde (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yud- improved control systems, electronic war- motion to Vice Admiral has been Cmde (Retd) A.J. Singh hoyono to India in January last year. The fare systems, and an integrated weapon appointed as Chief of Staff, Head- Europe defence ties between India and Indonesia control system. The delivery is expected by quarters Eastern Naval Command Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, have been progressing steadily ever since the end of 2012. zz Rear Admiral K.R. Nair, Assistant Andrew Brookes (UK) the two sides signed the Agreement on Chief of Material (Information Tech- USA & Canada Defence Cooperation in the year 2001. The Commander of Turkish Naval Forces nology and Systems) on promotion Lon Nordeen (USA) Indian Navy and the Indonesian Navy regu- visits Mumbai to Vice Admiral has been appointed Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) larly carry out coordinated patrols and the Admiral Murat E. Bilgel, Commander of the as Controller Warship Production West Asia/Africa Armies of the two countries held the first Turkish Naval Forces (CTNF) visited Mum- and Acquisition. H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) ever joint exercise in India this year. Ant- bai from November 6-8, 2012. During the zz Rear Admiral S.K. Jha on promo- Chairman & Managing Director ony was accompanied by the Defence Sec- visit, CTNF interacted with Vice Admiral tion to Vice Admiral has been re- Jayant Baranwal retary, other senior officers of the defence Sekhar Sinha, the Flag Officer Command- appointed as the Chief Hydrographer. Executive Vice President (Planning & Business Development) forces and the Director General Ordnance ing-in-Chief and other Senior Officers of zz Rear Admiral K.O. Thakre, Director, Rohit Goel Factory Board. After the meeting, India and the Western Naval Command. A wide range Defence Machinery Design Establish- ment, has been appointed as Proj- Administration & Circulation Indonesia have decided to significantly of issues on maritime security of common Bharti Sharma enhance their defence cooperation. interest were discussed during the interac- ect Director, Shipbuilding Centre, Visakhapatnam. [email protected] tion. CTNF also visited the naval dockyard, Senior Art Director Visit of Russia’s Defence Minister Mumbai, INS Teg and Mazagon Dock Ltd. zz Rear Admiral S.S. Lal, Director Gen- Anoop Kamath The twelfth meeting of the India-Russia eral, Naval Design (SDG), has been appointed as Assistant Chief of Mate- Design Inter-Governmental Commission on Mili- Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht Royal Navy Ship visits Mumbai rial (Modernisation). tary Technical Cooperation was held in Royal Navy’s Royal Fleet Auxiliary, Fort Research Assistant: Graphics New Delhi on October10, 2012. The Indian Rosalie, paid a goodwill visit to Mumbai zz Rear Admiral C.S. Rao, Additional Survi Massey Director General, Naval Design (SDG) delegation was led by the Defence Minis- from November 7-12, 2012. The ship is Sales & Marketing has been appointed as Director Gen- Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia ter A.K. Antony and the Russian delega- commanded by Captain D.J.M. Worthington eral Naval Design (SDG). tion was led by A.E. Serdyukov, Defence and has a crew of 143 personnel. During General Manager: Rajeev Chugh Minister of the Russian Federation. Dur- her stay, the ship’s crew interacted with zz Commodore Harendra Gupta on pro- SP’s Website motion to Rear Admiral has been re- Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish ing the meeting of the Commission, which the officers of Headquarters Western Naval appointed as Judge Advocate Gen- Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma was conducted in a spirit of mutual coop- Command. The Commanding Officer also eral (Navy). Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on behalf eration and understanding, the two sides called on the Flag Officer Commanding zz Commodore S. Kalidoss on pro- of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. expressed readiness to take all necessary Western Fleet, Rear Admiral A.R. Karve. motion to Rear Admiral has been All rights reserved. No part of this publication may measures to further expand the coopera- appointed as Director, Defence be reproduced, stored in a retrieval tion on a mutually beneficial basis. ‘INS Tarkash’ commissioned system, or transmitted in any form or by any Machinery Design Establishment. means, photocopying, recording, electronic, zz Commodore S.R. Sarma, Principal or otherwise without the prior written S.B. Agnihotri is new Director Director Weapon Equipment, on pro- permission of the publishers. General-Acquisition motion to Rear Admiral is now the Printed in India India’s Appointments Committee of the Cab- Assistant Chief of Material (Informa- by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd inet (ACC) has appointed senior IAS officer of tion Technology & Systems). © SP Guide Publications, 2012 Odisha cadre S.B. Agnihotri as the new Direc- zz Captain A.B. Singh, Commanding Annual Subscription tor General (Acquisition) under the Ministry Officer, INS Viraat, on promotion to Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 of Defence. His last appointment was Addi- Rear Admiral has been appointed as E-mail: [email protected] tional Secretary and Financial Adviser in the Flag Officer, Special Purpose Vehicle Letters to the Editor Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. and Advance Operating Base. [email protected] zz Commodore S.N. Ghormade, Principal For Advertising Details, Contact: Defence Acquisition Council INS Tarkash, the second of the three stealth Director of Personnel, on promotion [email protected] DAC has cleared special operations vessels frigates constructed at Yantar Shipyard, to Rear Admiral has been appointed [email protected] [email protected] for the Indian Navy’s Marine Commandos Kaliningrad, Russia, was commissioned into as Assistant Chief of Personnel worth $340 million (`1,700 crore) and a the Indian Navy by Vice Admiral Shekhar (Human Resource Development). SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Cadet Training Ship for the Navy at $96 Sinha, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, zz Commodore A.K. Saxena, Principal POSTAL ADDRESS Director, Naval Design (SSG), on pro- Corporate Office million (`480 crore), which will be built by Western Naval Command, on November 9, A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, the private sector ABG Shipyard. It has also 2012, at Kaliningrad. Ambassador of India motion to Rear Admiral has been New Delhi 110 003, India to the Russian Federation, Ajai Malhotra appointed as Additional Director Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 General Naval Design (SSG). also attended the ceremony. The formidable Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 array of weapons and sensors on board the zz Commodore K.M. Nair, Principal Regd Office >> SHOW CALENDAR ship include the supersonic BrahMos missile Director of Hydrography, on pro- Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 E-mail: [email protected] system, advanced surface-to-air missile sys- motion to Rear Admiral has been appointed as Joint Chief Hydro. 4–7 December tem, upgraded 100mm medium-range gun, Representative Offices BANGALORE, INDIA ExpoNaval 2012 optically controlled 30mm close-in weapon zz Commodore Atul Khanna, Principal Director Naval Director (SDG), on Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey Valparaiso, Chile system, torpedoes, rocket launchers and 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, promotion to Rear Admiral has been www.exponaval.cl advanced electronic warfare/communica- Bangalore 560043, India. appointed as Additional Director tion suite. The ship is commanded by Cap- Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 10–12 December General Naval Design (SDG). tain Antony George, an ‘anti-submarine MOSCOW, RUSSIA Offshore Patrol Vessels Middle East warfare’ specialist. The ship will join the LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Armed Forces Officers Club & Hotel, Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., Western Fleet by December end this year. option of a current Navy contract for MK Abu Dhabi, UAE 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. 54 torpedo kits. Raytheon is the US Navy’s www.opvmiddleeast.com Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Raytheon awarded $45 million MK 54 sole production supplier for MK 54 light- Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 30–31 January 2013 Torpedo contract weight torpedo hardware, in production www.spguidepublications.com Surface Warships 2013 Raytheon has been awarded a $45.3 million since 1999. The MK 54 is the Navy’s next- www.spsnavalforces.net NH Eurobuilding, Madrid, Spain (`227 crore) US Navy contract to provide generation anti-submarine warfare weapon RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 www.surfacewarships.com MK 54 lightweight torpedo hardware, test deployed from surface ships, helicopters equipment, spares and related engineering and fixed-wing aircraft to detect and attack 19–20 March 2013 and repair services for US fleet inventory underwater targets. Recently, the US Navy Afloat Support and Naval Logistics and in support of foreign military sales to successfully launched the first MK 54 light- Venue to be confirmed, London, UK the Royal Australian Navy and the Indian weight torpedo from the P-8A Poseidon air- www.afloatsupportconf.com Navy. The award represents an exercised craft. India is also acquiring P-8I. SP

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