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Maryland ACEP Wetland Reserve Easements Landowners Guide

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Maryland ACEP Wetland Reserve Easements Landowners Guide A Maryland Landowner’s Guide to the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP): Wetland Reserve Easements LIZ WILLEY Helping People Help the Land www.md.nrcs.usda.gov USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. February 2020 DIANE PETIT, NRCS DIANE PETIT, A Landowner’s Guide to Wetland Reserve Easements (WRE) Table of Contents Introduction Thank you for your interest in protecting and enhancing wetlands on your land Introduction ..................................................................2 through the Wetlands Reserve Easement (WRE) component of the Agricultural Are you ready for WRE? .................................................2 Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). ACEP-WRE is a voluntary program that Easement Options .........................................................2 provides technical and financial assistance to private landowners to protect and Key Points .....................................................................3 restore wetlands in exchange for retiring eligible land from agriculture. Restrictions ...................................................................3 Compatible Use Permits ................................................3 Depending on the type of easement you enter into with NRCS, compensation may Landowners’ rights ........................................................4 be available for all or part of the cost of conservation practices that will improve The WRE application package .......................................4 wildlife habitat and restore natural ecosystems. WRE application materials ............................................4 This guide will help you understand the WRE application process, how applications The application ranking process ....................................4 are ranked and selected for funding, as well as your responsibilities as a WRE enrollment process ...............................................5 WRE participant. Your local NRCS field office can provide you with additional Closing the deal ............................................................5 information, application documents, and answer questions. Failure to convey the easement .....................................5 Cost Recovery ................................................................5 Are you ready for WRE? Monitoring for WRE ......................................................5 You must have owned the land for at least 24 months prior to offering your land for a WRE. Glossary - Commonly Used Real Estate If the land was inherited or you can prove that the land was not obtained for the purpose of Transaction Terms .........................................................6 enrolling it in the program, waivers may be applicable. Landowner’s Checklist ...................................................6 Please be aware that it is the landowner’s responsibility to provide a clear title and Questions and Answers .................................................7 written, recordable access rights to the proposed easement. If the proposed easement WRE Planning Guide .....................................................8 area is only accessible by crossing a third party’s property, an access agreement or other documentation must be in place prior to application. Contact us .....................................................................8 Land enrolled in WRE is ineligible for other USDA program payments for the life of the IMPORTANT easement. Any existing cropland base and allotment history for enrolled acres will be permanently retired at the time the easement is recorded. We recommend that you and An attorney may be needed your lessee (if applicable) contact your local FSA and NRCS field office to determine how « to clear the title to the land. enrollment in WRE will impact your other program benefits. We recommend that you contact your attorney and accountant for legal and financial advice specific to your situation Easement Options prior to applying for WRE. When you apply for WRE, you have two enrollment options: a permanent easement or a 30- year easement. An easement is a real estate transaction. You, the landowner, will continue to control access to the land. Permanent Easements - This is a conservation easement in perpetuity. The easement payment will be the lesser of: the fair market value of the land determined by a Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) appraisal or area wide market analysis, an established payment cap, or an amount offered by the landowner. In addition to paying for the easement, USDA pays 100 percent of the costs of restoring the wetland. 30-year Easements - This is a conservation easement lasting 30 years. Easement payments are 50 percent of what would be paid for a permanent easement. USDA also pays 75 percent of restoration costs. 2 Maryland A Landowner’s Guide to Wetland Reserve Easements (WRE) Landowner Rights Key Points About WRE The landowner retains four basic rights under a WRE easement: 6 The right to sell the property and pay taxes. The easement deed transfers with the WRE is… property. 6 A real estate transaction when you 6 The right to private access; no public access is required. offer your land for a permanent or 30 6 The right to quiet enjoyment and recreational use including hunting, fishing, trapping, year easement. and other quiet recreational uses, including the right to lease out the property for these uses. Game farms are not allowed. 6 A complex process that can take up to 2 years for the easement to close. 6 The right to subsurface resources provided no drilling or mining takes place within the easement boundaries. Compatible Use Authorization WRE is not… Landowners may request compatible use authorizations for certain uses. Any activity 6 A program to protect natural that affects vegetation, hydrology, or alters wildlife patterns requires a compatible wetlands that have never been use authorization. Only activities that are consistent with the long-term protection degraded. Some natural, intact and enhancement of the easement area will be authorized. These authorizations will wetlands may be eligible for enroll- define specifically the activity, method, frequency, timing, intensity, and duration of the ment, but generally are only enrolled compatible use and will be reviewed/approved annually. in association with lands that require Restrictions restoration. Some restrictions associated with a wetland reserve easement include: Other important points: 6 Permanent structures of any kind are not allowed on the easement area. Any existing structures must be removed at the landowner’s expense prior to the recording 6 WRE funding is allocated annually of the easement. This includes structures like sheds and pump houses. Temporary and is, therefore, limited. Not all hunting equipment such as tree stands and hunting blinds are allowed. applications will be selected for funding. 6 Access roads within an easement boundary are not guaranteed to remain functional or passable. In some instances, they may be allowed to remain with a 6 Applications are ranked compatible use authorization. When selling the property, however, these internal roads competitively. should not be defined as permanent vehicle access. 6 All paperwork and documentation 6 Activities such as cutting vegetation or harvesting wood products will require must be complete before NRCS will a compatible use authorization. Compatible uses are allowed only if they are fully begin processing an application. consistent with the protection and enhancement of the wetland. See the Compatible 6 A WRE is a permanent or long term Use Authorizations section of this guide for more information. commitment that has significant 6 Planting or harvesting any crop or allowing livestock on the easement area are not restrictions. It is important that you permitted. completely understand the terms and conditions of the easement. 6 Landowners shall not divert or permit the diversion of surface or ground water Please take the time to discuss into, within, or out of the easement area by any means. This prevents any change in your enrollment with an NRCS the intended function of the restored wetland. representative. 6 Any activities that interfere with the nesting or brood-rearing activities of 6 When you file an application for a wildlife including migratory birds are prohibited. Generally, this means avoiding wetland reserve easement, you are disturbances during the primary nesting season of April 15 to August 15, and avoiding volunteering to limit future use of use of recreational vehicles on any inundated (i.e. ponded) or saturated areas at any time offered acres, but will retain private during the nesting season. ownership. 6 No activity is permitted that adversely impacts or degrades the functions of the 6 Read all program information easement area. This includes any altering of grassland, woodland, wildlife habitat, or carefully to determine if you are other natural features. There shall be no draining, channeling, filling, leveling, or related ready to apply for WRE. activities as well as modifying water control structures or devices without prior approval. No dumping of waste, refuse, sewage, or other debris is allowed. 6 Be sure to discuss the complete list of restrictions with your NRCS planner. Maryland 3 A Landowner’s Guide to Wetland Reserve Easements (WRE) IMPORTANT The WRE application package You must provide important, In addition to the easement application form, you will need to file several additional «specific documentation
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