Long-Range Program, Hawaii State Library System; 1973-1978

. DOCUMENT RESUME ED 069 319 LI 003 986

TITLE Long-Range Program, Hawaii StateLibrary System; 1973-1978. INSTITUTION Hawaii State Dept. of Education,Honolulu. Office of Library Services. PUB DATE Sep 72 NOTE 130p.; (35 References) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Evaluation; *Library Planning; *Library Programs; *Library Services; *Objectives; State Libraries; *State Programs IDENTIFIERS Hawaii; Library Services and Construction Act; LSCA; *State Plans

ABSTRACT A description of where and how the Cffice of Library Services operates is included in this Long-Range Plan for Hawaii's libraries. This includes the geographical setting, as well as a description of the political and economic characteristics of the state. It indicates some of the implications for growth forHawaii's libraries in terms of population growth, diversity of ethnic background, and economic factors. It also includes the organizational structure of the state government including the Department of Education and the Office of Library Services. The functions of the Office of Library Services and its branches are detailed. Other information sources - academic, special, and school libraries - that contribute to meeting the information needs of people are given major consideration. Au assessment of current and future needs of the community are discussed, listed, and ranked according to priority. The plan provides for the planning of evaluation, so that data received can be utilized in the modification of existing plans and the generation of new plans.(Other State Plans are: LI 003985 and LI 003987 through LI 003993.)(Author/NH) The Honorable John A. Burns Governor. State of Hawaii

BOARDorEDUCATION

Dr. Richard E. Ando. Chairman

Hiroshi Yamashita. Vice Chau man Marvin C. Midki If Geoff ge S. Adachi Ruth Tabrah C. Ronald Harker Kiyoto Tstibaki Myrtle K. Kaapu Rev. Edwin B. Womack Robert N. Kumasaka Tommy Wong

Dr Shiro Arnioka. Superintendent of Education Teichiro Hirata, Doputy Superintendent

Norman P. Horne, Acting Assistant Supeisnlendent Office of Library Services Dr. Philip Igo. Assistant Superintendent Office of Instructional Services George D. L. Mau. Assistant Superintendent Office of Personnel Services Harold Fukunaga. Acting Assistant Superintendent Office of Business Services Louis Yarnauchi. Assistant Superintendent Office of Research and Planning

Hai ry C. Chuck. District Superintendent Hawaii District Office Francis M. Hatanaka. District Superintendent Central District Office Jimmy Izu. Acting District Superintendent Windward District Office Domingo Los Banos. Jr.. District Superintendent Leeward District Office Dr. Albert Miyasato, District Superintendent Honolulu District Of (ice Batton H. Nagata, District Superintendent Kauai District Office Andy Nii. District Superintendent Maui District Office

Cover photo courtesy of the Honolulu Advertiser U.S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EOUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. OUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG. INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN. LONG-RANGE PROGRAM IONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU CATION POSITION OR POLICY HAWAII STATE LIBRARY SYSTEM 1973-1978 AS REQUIRED BY THE _IBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT P.L. 91-600 AS AMENDEC State of Hawaii Department of Education Office of Library Services TAC 72-5095 Reprint Sept. 1972

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9 NOTE: Wherever Long-Range Plan appears in the text substitute Long-Range Program. To: The U. S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare

NO COMMENT

N O T I C E

The undersigned, John A. Burns. , the Governor of the State of Hawaii, has reviewed the Long-Range Program, Hawaii State Library System, which is attached and does not wish to commenton it.

Signed 444(Q. /de.

Title: Governor

Address: Governor's Office Executive Chambers State Capitol Honolulu, Hawaii 96813

Date:

ta; PREFACE

The Long-Range ProgramHawaii State Library System 1973-1978 is designed to assist the Department of Educationof the State of Hawaii through the Office of Library Services, in providing better library resources and services to the peopleof Hawaii during the next five years The unique structure ofour statewide library services and the proposed construction of new libraries in various communities brings credence to the idea of attempting to provide equal opportunity for library services to allusers in the State. Libraries are vital to the educationalprocess and this plan will further enhance the ongoingprograms and more effectively assist the Department of Education in assessing and meeting the needs of the diverse segments of the population of the State.

4 Shiro Amioka Superintendent of Education

ri TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I Page

OVERVIEW 1 GOAL STATEMENT 4 THE SETTING 9 Implications for Growth 9 Factors Which Influence Planning 9 Population Description 10 Groups Affecting State Library Agency Planning 18 COUNTY LIBRARY ADVISORY COMMISSIONS 18 LIBRARY ADVISORY COUNCIL, LSCA 19 OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES Major Functions 21 Organization 21 Branch Functions 21 Policies and Regulations 22 Levels of Funding 26 INFORMATION SOURCES 26 University of Hawaii Library 26 Public Library Media Centers 27 Specialized Collections 27 Interlibrary Cooperation 29 CONSTRAINTS 29 DECISION STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS 30 Organization 30 Criteria 31 Selection of Annual Projects 32 Assessment of Current and Future Needs 32 RELATIONSHIP OF OBJECTIVES TO GOALS 33 MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS 34 Plans for Measuring Effectiveness 35 PROGRAM IDENTIFICATION AND ALTERNATIVES 36 EVALUATION 36 REFERENCE SOURCES 49

PART II

OVERVIEW OF LONG-RANGE PROJECTS 54 SAMPLES OF ANNUAL PROJECT APPLICATION MEMO/FORMS 55 CRITERIA 64 TITLE I PROJECTS

STRENGTHENING THE STATE LIBRARY ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES 65 GOAL 65 OBJECTIVES 65 CONSTRAINTS 66

Meeting Objectives1-5 66

Meeting Objectives7,School Libraries & Instructional Materials 67

Meeting Objectives6-7,Teacher Assist Center 68 Proposed Media Resource Program for Hawaii State Library System 73 Computer Based Centralized Processing Center 74 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 77 REGIONAL LIBRARIES 78 METROPOLITAN RESOURCE CENTERS 80 LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED 82 STATE INSTITUTIONAL LIBRARY SERVICES 87 LIBRARY SERVICES FOR THE DISADVANTAGED 91 TITLE II PROJECTS

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PLANS 102 TITLE III PROJECTS

INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION PROJECTS 111

ii TABLE OF FIGURES

PART I Page

Figure 1 State of Hawaii Organization 6 Figure 2 Hawaii. Department of Education Organization 7 Figure 3 Hawaii. Office of Library Services Organization 8 Figure 4 Resident Population July 1 11 Figure 5 Population by Age: 1970 and 1960 12 Figure 6 The State: 1900-1970 13 Figure 7 Population by Race and Residence 14 Figure 8 Race by Sex, for Counties: 1970 15 Figure 9 Characteristics of Library Users in Hawaii - 1967 16 Figure 10 Estimated Number of Persons Reached by Public Library Service in Hawaii, by County - 1967 17 Figure 11 Projected Plan of Organization 20 Figure 12 Public Library Service Items 37 Figure 13 Public Library Circulation Trends by County - 1951-70 38 Figure 14 Public Library Collections 39 Figure 15 Public Library Book Collections Compared with Population 40 Figure 16 Public Library Book Collections Per Capita by County 41 Figure 17 School Libraries Collections 42 Figure 18 Statewide Public School Enrollment 43 Figure 19-23 Maps of Library and School System 44-48 Figure 24-26 Facilities Chart - Hawaii State Library System 49-51

PART II

Figure 27-31 Summary 6-Year Capitol Improvement Project 106-110 Figure 32-36Interlibrary Charts 117-121

iii PART I LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT LONG-RANGE PROGRAM HAWAII STATE LIBRARY SYSTEM

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9 OVERVIEW This proposedLong-Range the Office of Library Services and its Plan for Hawaii Statewide Library branches are detailed. System is designed to provide increasingly better library services for We have considered the con- the people of this state within the straints imposed by the economy of next five years. This plan is based the state, by the lack of adequate on the needs assessment as listed in facilities, and by the State Constitu- the Booz-Allen-Hamilton study en- tion of Hawaii and the statutes. titled:Planning for Librariesin Information has been provided re- Hawaii, a comprehensive statewide garding the decision makers, both planning and feasibility study for within and outside the state govern- public libraries and joint school and ment, including those who have public library facilities,1968, and review power, and those who have has been up-dated through the use authority to approve or disapprove of current official government docu- decisions in regard to libraries. ments.TheBooz-Allen-Hamilton Other information sources study has, to date, provided a base academic libraries, special libraries, for systematic library planning on a school libraries, and others that statewide basis. The long-range plan contribute to meeting the informa- is a continuation of systematic plan- tion needs of people are given major ning. consideration. An assessment of cur- This document describes where rent and future needs of the com- and how the Office of Library Serv- munity are discussed, listed, and ices operates. This includes the geo- ranked according to priority. Criteria graphical setting, as well as a de- to be used as guides are delineated. scription of the political and eco- Goals and objectives of our state- nomic characteristics, of the state. wide library system have been set It indicates some of the implications within the framework of the goal set for growth for Hawaii's libraries in by the Department of Education and terms of population growth, diver- the state. The plan includes a state- sity of ethnic background, and eco- ment of the measuring of the effec- nomic factors. It also includes the tiveness of library services. It pro- organizational structure of the state vides for the planning of evaluation, government including the Depart- so that data received can be utilized ment of Education and the Office of in the modification of existing plans Library Services. The functions of and the generation of new plans.

10 The Long-Range Plan for Hawaii Special Libraries. Statewide Library System was developed Hawaii Medical Association Librarian jointly by the Library Advisory Council and a task force appointed by the acting state Institutional Libraries, librarian. Kaneohe State Hospital Librarian The members of the Advisory Council Mr. Dan Mallchok and the Task Force for the Library Services and Construction Act are: Institutional Libraries, Maui Hospital Administrator Mr. Tomic Romson STATE ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR LIBRARY SERVI(JES Institutional Libraries, Boys' Home Administrator Public Libraries, Mr. Kayo Chung Acting State Librarian Mr. Norman P. Home Handicapped Libraries, Pohukaina School Librarian User - Chairman, Oahu Miss Barbara Yamaguchi Library Advisory Commission Mr. Fortunato Teho Handicapped Libraries, Oahu Special Education Center Librarian User - Chairman, Maui Sister Agnes Jerome Library Advisory Commission Mrs. Rachel Jio User - Student Representative to Board of Education User - Chairman, Kauai Library Advisory Commission User - Disadvantaged Mrs. Raymond Duvauchelle Representative Secretary, State Advisory Council User - Chairman, Hawaii for Library Services, LSCA Library Advisory Commission Rev. David Kaupu Vice-Chairman, State Advisory Council for Library Services, LSCA User - Disadvantaged Mrs. Naomi Aguiar Representative Mr. Daniel Akaka School Libraries, President Hawaii Association of School Librarians User - Disadvantaged Mrs. Nona Minami Representative Chairman, State Advisory Council Academic Libraries, for Library Services, LSCA University of Hawaii Librarian Mr. Kaupena Wong Dr. Stanley West User - Disadvantaged Academic Libraries, Head, Representative Chaminade College Librarian Mr. Royce Higa Mrs. Marian Hubbard User - Disadvantaged Academic Libraries, Representative Church College Librarian Mr. Fred Cachola Mrs. Helen Moffau TASK FORCE Special Libraries, Supreme Court Law Librarian Acting State Librarian Mrs. Margaret Setliff Mr. Norman P. Home

2 Advisiry Council Education, and Welfare provided the assist- Mr. Kaupena Wong ance in developing the guidelines that were utilized in preparing this long-range pro- Administrative Services Branch gram. Valuable input and critiques were Mr. Seichi Toda received through Miss Helen Luce, Program Elaine B. Ilamic Officer, Libraries Eincl Educational Tech- nology, Department of Health, Education, School Libraries and and Welfare, Regional Office, San Fran- Instructional Materials Branch cisco, California. Mrs. Blase Souza Continuous work sessions and conferences resulted in a preliminary draft. State Library Branch Additional meetings and review sessions Mrs. Hanako Nakamura generated further inputs which have resulted in six drafts. This final draft is being Teacher Assist Center submitted to the Board of Education and the Mrs. Camille Almy Governor's office for approval prior to sub- mission to the Department of Health, Edu- The Ohio State University evaluation cation and Welfare. The Task Force will center under the sponsorship of the U. S. provide for the continuation of the planning Office of Education, Department of Health, process.

A view of the Pearl City Regional Library

3 "11 7.7111 11.. alb -

A , Jur-- :1073- 1.;"" - - 4 ;it . .° " . . . . k; . .-Aar" . deer': 4141 A dramatic perspective of the Kauai Regional Library GOAL STATEMENT

The Department of Education of the "..Free. .." S tate of H awaii, through the Office of Library This term doesnot precludethe Services, shall provide free, comprehensive imposition of legal and reasonable library resources and services to the people fines as penalties for the abuse of of Hawaii, without sectarian control or materials,resources,facilitiesor segregation,convenientlyaccessibleto servicesoffen. Iby theOffice of every resident of the state.* Library Services. This privilege is contained in the State Constitution This statement of the goal of the Office and is implemented by the Hawaii of Library Services necessitates a clarifica- Revised Statutes. tion of the following terms: ".. .Comprehensive Library Resources and Services..." "Through the Office of Library Services..." Includes every classification of infor- Shall include cooperative arrange- mational,educational andrecrea- ments with: all libraries throughout tional materials: print, non-print, and the state to include but not limited to equipment. The term also includes public (community, community- attractive, comfortable and conven- school and regional); academic librar- ient facilities in which to utilize these ies;institutional(medical,correc- materials if so desired; and quick, tional and residential); special (indus- courteous and efficient assistance in try, governmental,etc.);all media retrieving these materials. planning, consultation, development, utilization, reproduction and distribution,evaluationservices; andall administrative, procurement and dis- *Hawaii State Constitution, Hawaii Revised tribution services. Statutes II ..To the People of Hawaii..." services, under the same conditions, This term must, by itsdefinition, to all residents of the State whether apply to all patrons or users, resident they live in a rural and remote area and transient, unless otherwise quali- on the island of Hawaii or a low- fied. income housing section in Honolulu. tr It should also be recognized that the ..Without Sectarian Control..." term applies to the preceding phrase This term, specified under the Consti- andrecognizes no distinctionbe- tution of the State of Hawaii, need tween individuals for administrative not preclude assistance toprivate or management positions within the institutions or library/media centers. Office of Library Services other than ..Or Segregation..." the specific qualifications set by law This term, limited under the Consti- and the degree of experience and tution to "race, religion, or ancestry" training of the individual. should also be recognized to have "...Conveniently Accessible..." expanded applications including sex This term implies a reasonable dif- and disadvantaged or economic dis- ference in retrieval time for library/ tinctions. In essence, the goal should media material due to geographical be to provide the same resources and limitations. Figure 1 VOTERS OF HAWAII ORGANIZATION OF THE HAWAII STATE GOVERNMENT ELECTORATEREPRESENTATIVE OF 18 DISTRICTS ELECTORATE OF 6 SENATORIALDISTRICTS ELECTORATESENATE OF THE AT LARGE 1EXECUTIVEI REPRESENTATIVES 151 MEMBERS) HOUSE OF STATE SENATE(25 MEMBERS) SUPREME COURT (JUDICIARY) GOVERNOR LIEUTENANTGOVERNOR PERSONNELSERVICES BUDGET AND FINANCE ATTORNEYGENERAL GENERALACCOUNTING SERVICES AND PLANNING & ECON.DEVELOPMENT REGULATORY AGENCIES SERVICES SOCIAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII DEFENSE HAWAIIAN HOME LANDS LAND & NATURAL RESOURCES AGRICULTURE TAXATION INDUSTRIALLABOR AND TRANSPORTATION NOTE: DOTTED LINE BETWEEN THE STATE SENATE AND THE SUPREME COURTREPRESENTS THE SENATE'S CONFIRMATION POWER OF THE GOVERNOR'S RELATIONS AS OF FEBRUARY, 1969 PLAN1/ OF Board ORGANIZATION. of Education elected. STATE OF HAWAII. 1969 APPOINTMENT OF JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. Figure 2 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONORGANIZATION CHART POLICY AdvisorySchoolLibrary Advisory CouncilAdvisory Councils for Adult Commissions(7)Education (4) BOARD OF EDUCATION SuperintendentOffice of the

Business Services Office of Instructional Services Office of Library Services Office of r----1 Personnel Services Office of & PlanningOffice Services of Research Honolulu Leeward Windward Central Kauai Maui Hawaii District Office District Office District Office District Office District Office Waimea District Office Molokai District Office Kona Schools ComplexCampbell Schools Schools Complex Schools Complex Schools Complex SOURCE: Department of Education Code, 1000 Series. Rev. 12/70 r Schools Schools-1 r Figure 3

State of Hawaii Department of Education

Office of Library Services Organization

OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES (STATE LIBRARIAN)

ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRAL STATE PUBLIC SERVICES PROCESSING LIBRARY LIBRARIES BRANCH BRANCH BRANCH BRANCH

SCHOOL LIBRARIES TEACHER AND INSTRUCTIONAL ASSIST CENTER MATERIALS BRANCH BRANCH

SOURCE: Department of Education Code, 3000 Series. Rev. 12170

17 8 THE SETTING HAWAII'S LIBRARIES - of persons with diverse backgrounds and characteristics. The island of Hawaii is the IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH largest in the island chain and consists of The State of Hawaii is dynamic, 4,030 square miles. Second largest is Maui, undergoing constant economic, sociolog- nicknamed "The Valley Island," with 728 ical, and political change and development. square miles. Oahu, the third largest island, Hawaii's libraries are an integral part of the has only a total land area of 604 square heritage of Hawaii. In order to remain a part miles. Aptly named "The Gathering Place," of the future of the State, however, our Oahu, in spite of its relatively small area, is libraries will need to actively respond to the political, cultural and commercial core today's needs. We can do this by adapting of Hawaii. Honolulu is the capital city our traditional goals of providing educa- encompassing the principal port, the major tional,recreational,andinformational airport, the business and financial center, material to suit The distinctive needs of each and the educational heart of the State. community. The other major islands are: Kauai. which consists of 548.7 square miles; Molo- The Booz-AllenHamilton survey con- kai, consisting of 260.9 square miles; and ducted in 1967, indicated, that only a small Lanai, 139.5 square miles. Kahoolawe is percentage of users (5%) were dissatisfied uninhabited, and Niihau isthe private with existing libraryservices. However, property of the Robinson family which has these users comprise only 37% of Hawaii's protected the Hawaiian way of life on the population.In essence this means our libraries need to develop more effective island. library programs and services in order to The island of Oahu is the center of give every resident of the State equal and business and government for the State of total library service. Hawaii. The general Plan for the City and County of Honolulu a guide for the over- Social implications of the changes all coordinated development of the City occurring in Hawaii are found in the results and County of Honolulu sets forth the of the demands of an expanding population, Council's policy for the long-range, compre- the impact of economic forces, and the hensive, physical development for the City emerging requirementsofsociety.Our and County in conformity with the City libraries can become relevant to our communities by focusing on data relevant to Charter. social change in Hawaii. Our efforts in pro- The main civic center of the City and viding library services should accordingly, County of Honolulu is the area around focus on the continually changing charac- Iolani Palace, City Hall and the Federal ter, attitudes, and condition of the popula- Building. tion of Hawaii. We can do this by providing It is evident that a single civic center for the library needs of our people as they in Honolulu is not sufficient to adequately relate to problems concerned with Hawaii's service all of Oahu's estimated population community needs such as housing, labor, of 820,000 in 1980. There is need for ex- education, health, and cultural influences. panded community facilities in many of the outlying areas on Oahu. Of the total projected population for Oahu in 1980, about HAWAII STATE: FACTORS 390,000 people will be residing in urban WHICH INFLUENCE PLANNING areas in rural sections of the island. These areas will be widely scattered throughout The State of Hawaii consists of an Oahu and, in most instances, isolated from island chain of eight major islands and a each other by some natural physical barrier number of uninhabited islands with a small, which prevents the contiguous development but rapidly growing, population comprised of these areas. These scattered urbanizing

9 areas will require more convenient govern- POPULATION DESCRIPTION mentservices in strategically-located centers. The City and County of Honolulu These centers, in addition to provid- which encompasses the entire islandof ing the residents with essential government Oahu, has experienced an increase of popu- services, will provide natural focal points lation growth since 1878. The population for community activities. for the Neighbor Islands, however, dropped The development of the district of noticeably after 1940 and only since the Honolulu did not provide many residential early1960's havetheyresumedtheir suburbs withcentralized community or growth. "The City and County of Honolulu civic areas. In our democratic way of life had a resident population of 258,000 in where the importance of citizen participa- 1940, 500,000 in1960, and more than tionis stressed in the development and 630,000 in 1970. The three Neighbor Island administration of our city centralized counties fell from 159,000 in 1940 to 132,000 civic areas, appropriately located to serve twenty years later, then rose at a moderate our neighborhoods, are essential to conduct rate to 139,000 in 1970." government business and provide a variety Hawaii's population as of mid-1971 of services to the citizenry. was 789,000. Of this total five-sixths live in Two types of administrative centers urban areas, primarily in Honolulu, Oahu. areenvisionedand designatedas the Forecasts indicate that the state's popula- Regional and the Community Centers. tion will grow to over 1,217,000 persons by Four sites have been designated as 1985 and 1,352,000 by 1990. The City and regional centers for rural Oahu: County of Honolulu is forecast to expe- 1. Kaneohe - providing services to an rience the fastestrate of growth, with estimated 148,000 people in Wind- 1,050,000 in 1985 and 1,174,000 by 1990. ward Oahu The Neighbor Islands are expected to grow 2. Wahiawa - extending services to to 167,000 by 1985 and 178,000 by 1990. 54,500 people in Central Oahu Hawaii'spopulationshowsgreat 3. Waipahu - serving 160,900 people ethnic diversity. The Caucasians comprise in Leeward Oahu 38.8% with orientals of Japanese ancestry 4. Waianae - serving 25,700 people. following with 28.3%. The other racial and ethnic groups- in order of size are Filipino, Seven sites have been designated as Hawaiian, Chinese, Samoan and others. community centers. These are Ewa #1, Ewa People of mixed ethnic background consti- Beach, Haleiwa, Hauula, Kailua, Pearl City, tute a growing group with part-Hawaiians and Waimanalo. predominating. The objectives of these community sites are to serve the people adequately, to The next seven pages contain graphic become centers of civic interest and pride, breakdowns of the population by age, race, and to serve as focal points for the com- residence and sex and library user informa- munities in which they are located. tion.

10 Figure 4

STATE OF HAWAII RESIDENT POPULATION WITH PROJECTIONS

THROUGH 1975

RESIDENT POPULATION JULY 1*

LIVE YEAR TOTAL CIVILIAN BIRTHS DEATHS

1970 765,295** 711,527 10,503 3,849

1971 777,159 723,389 10,755 3,990

1972 792,581 737,581 11,137 4,137

1973 804,789 749,789 11,522 4,284

1974 817,235 762,235 11,908 4,437

1975 829,914 774,914 12,307 4,591

Projections extracted from Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development. Statistical Report, 78, January 4, 1971.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. 1970 census figure is 769,913.

20 Figure 5 PopulationNUMBER IN THOUSANDS by Age: 1970 and 1960 1970 1960 YEARS EACHPERCENT CHANGE, 1960 to 1970 = 5% 0 18 15 MI 1211/I II=11N.9IN110 65-6970-7475+ 4 +53.7% 38 30 23 16 22 26 50-5460-6455-59 0.::::::01+037+9646.0%41+36.2%1+61.1% +48.2%5 49 46 33 40 40-4445-49 60 4847 45 49 35-3925-2930-34 -2.7%) 004100041+21.0%4 4-38.0% +33.5% 8280 72 51 55 64 10-1420-2415-19 +24.7% +61.2% 80 71 73 81 0-45-9 -1 2.5%.) 1 Q1-1% +9.7% U.S. Deot. of Commerce. Bureau ofGeneral the Census. population characteristics: Hawaii. Washington. D.C., 1971. 0 + The State: 1900 to 1970 Total Population INTHOUSANDS TPercent Change between Census Years

769

... 633

500

423 5 43.9 5 .368 33.4 5

26.6 24.6T/T256 21.5 :1".192 18.2 14.8 154

I T I 1900.11119.-'10 '20 '30 '40 '50 '60

U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants: Hawaii. Washington. D.C.. 1971.

I :I 99 Figure 7

Population by Race and Residence PT OTHER WHITE tNEGRO RACES NUMBER IN THOUSANDS

THE STATE 298 463 Total MT!, IVITTYYM,YITTVITYITYYYTTlff'vitt

Percent Change, 1960 to 1970 WHITEI +47.4 NEGRO I +53.2

URBAN and RURAL RESIDENCE URBAN 254 7 378 VY MYTYYTY 1111,"'""fl +69.0 a+134.8

RURAL44 185

-68.9

METROPOLITAN and NONMETROPOLITAN RESIDENCE (SMSA's=Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas) INSIDE SMSA's total 260 7 362 MYTTMIT TITITTTITYYTT +45.1 451.4

Inside Central Cities 110 2 212 ITTYMTITT +37.2 +82.0

Outside Central Cities 149 150 OMIT MITT, +51.6 +40.2

OUTSIDE SMSA's total 39 0 101

15.3 +83.1

U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Bureau ol the Census. General population characteristics: Hawaii. Washington. D.C.. 1971.

. 23 011111110 Beeir441 Figure 8

Race by Sex, for Counties: 1970 Negro and other races sit .7% Counties . Tolol While Total Negro Total Indian Japanese Other races Chinese Filipino All other 63 468 18 298 45 170 114 45 056 72 23 817 1 841 10 454 . 8 872 .1c9c1ou.,._..on Velefemale c,e 327629 3032 041570898176 140259 98 871427387519 369186 2321 654657699471 4 7 866388 4470 362181 2123 655401788269 996597 4032 169 811211 078082268735 2448 011277288909932 283665 a6 135 706553319 3878 4 940354489383414 (um - femaleeve 302 291 5 761556135 119 37 972733132 183 22I I 028003584 2 522 274114 180 2110I1 987481557 399 3019 87 449 873780810 24 289249538 348 436699847135 39 3 I1 787717504 Maui :wokMolefemale 46222314 446205710156 12 63 212398610761 16173310 234312444546 2230 8 331617 430226290516 281612II 14 7 439632907193 1 639372733 49 5 673773100 37 938773711 J.S. Dept. of Commerce. BureauGeneral of the Census. population characteristics: Hawaii. Washington, D.C.. 1971. Figure 9 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIBRARY USERS IN HAWAII - 1967

PUBiAC LIBRARIES SCHOOL LIBRARIES 21 TO 44 YEARS AGE 45 TO 64 YEARS 65 YEARS ANDOVER

OCCUPATION

ETHNIC BACKGROUND HAWAIIAN AND PART HAWAIIAN

HAWAIIAN AND "'ART WAIIAN

IPINO

Allen 6 Hamilton Inc. SOURCES: 1967 Public Library Um.' Survey. 1967School Library Us., Survey; Boos. 16

9r;2 Figure 10 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PERSONS REACHED BY PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICE IN HAWAII, BY COUNTY 1967

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF PERSONS PERSONS 600,000 600,000

POPULATION BY COUNTY 550,000 550,000 -4r-----'"-"529,100 TOTAL

500,000 500,000 MAUI

450,000 HAwAll 450,000

400,000 400,000

ESTIMATED UNTAPPED POTENTIAL LIBRARY USERS RURAL OAHU 350,000 350,000 334,000 TOTAL

300,000 300,000

WM= OMIIIM. WON

250,000 250,000 ESTIMATED LIBRARY USERS

195,100 TOTAL 200,000 200,00C 2cootilmiroweigt.. M:

150,000 150,000 URBAN OAHU RURAL OAHU

111111111111 WNW/. MOW 100,000 100,000

URBAN OAHU 50,000 50,000

0 POPULATION USERS NON-USERS

(NOTE: Bosed on o somple drown from respondents 12 yeors old ond older) SOURCES: 1967 Survey of the Genorol Public; Booz, Alien & Hamilton Inc. Slots of Howoii, Deportment of Plon.i ing ond Economic Development. CA) 17 GROUPS AFFECTING STATE public and to be alert for changes LIBRARY AGENCY PLANNING in community activities that will suggest new and different services Varied groups interested in library which will benefit and promote services, programs, and development in- the cultural life of the community. form, counsel and work with the library 6. To keep abreast of current library agency. These include the Friends of the trends by reading library litera- Library of Hawaii, the Hawaii Library As- ture and by visiting other libraries. sociation, the Hawaii Association of School Librarians, the Pacific Association for Com- 7. To be alert for new ways of keep- munications and Technology, and other in- ing civic attitude toward the li- terested, educational, and community groups. brary friendly by developing a program of public relations. 8. To confer with the Regional Li- brarian and State Librarian on COUNTY LIBRARY matters pertaining to the maintenance, upkeep and repair of ADVISORY buildings. COMMISSIONS 9. To cooperate with other groups such as the county school advi- MAJOR FUNCTIONS sory councils, the Friends of the The responsibilities of the County Li- Library, the PTA, State Advisory brary Advisory Commissions are: Council on Adult Education and other library and service organiza- 1. To advise and counsel the Board tions which can be of assistance of Education and State Librarian to the library through service or on major library policies,pro- gifts. grams, services, and problems. 2. To advise the Regional Librarian 10. Upon appointment to accept the and State Librarian in the prep- responsibility of attending meet- aration of the library budget for ings regularly without fail. each particular county, and to rec- 11. Tomakerecommendations ommend its approval to the Board through proper channels for fill- of Education. To inform the coming vacancies on their advisory munity of the library's basic fi- board. nancial needs, and to work toward 12. To keep in contact with the Re- obtaining the necessary funds. gional Librarian and State Librar- 3.To act as liaison between the li- ian as to when distinguished vis- brary and residents of the county, itors are due and to help entertain helping to interpret library poli- them. cies and services and to advise the 13. To consult with and advise the Re- county librarian of community li- gional Librarian on a policy re- brary needs. lating to requests made by organi- 4. To study and support legislation zations and others for the use of which will bring about the great- the library facilities for meetings, est good to the people and the displays, etc. libraries of Hawaii. 14. To cooperate with the State Li- 5. To study and make recommenda- brarian in the scheduling of meet- tions on particular needs of local ings with the State Board of Ed- libraries in view of population ucation, when necessary, to ad- shifts, tastes, and interests of the vise in matters of major policy.

18 Copies of all minutes of the Library Advisory Commissions shall be sent to the LIBRARY ADVISORY library services committee which in turn COUNCIL shall send minutes of its meetings to the Li- brary Advisory Commissions. UNDER P.L. 91-600 LIBRARY SERVICES Representatives of the county Library AND CONSTRUCTION ACT Advisory Commissions should meet regular- The functions and responsibilities of ly, at least quarterly, with the State Librari- the State Library Advisory Council are: an and the library services committee of the Board of Education. 1. To advise the State agency on the development of the State plan, in- FORMER POLICY* cluding the preparation of long- range and annual programs pur- Former code was designated as "policy;" its designation has been changed to suant to Sections 130.19 and 130.20; "regulation." The word "county" has been 2. To advise the State agency on pol- added in the above code. The first paragraph icy matters arising in the adminis- has been deleted. tration of the State plan submitted pursuant to the Act and the regulations in this part; and 3. To assist the State agency in evaluating library programs, services, *Former Code No. 7510 and activities under the State plan. Former Policy Adopted: 2/63 (20 U.S.0 351a (8) 351 d(a).)

Children's carpeted reading wellMcCully-Moiliiii Library

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19 Figure 11 StateProjectedOfficeDepartment of Hawaiiof Library Plan of ofEducation Services Organization OFF ICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES Public Affairs Section Planning & Evaluation Section Adminstratve Services Central Processing Public Libraries State Library Branch Teacher Assist Center Branch InstructionalSchool Materials Libraries and dPersonnel Services Branch Branch CommunitySchool Branch BlindLibrary & Physically for the Reprographic Section SectionAudio-Visual Services Branch dBusiness SectionServices HOrderCatalog Section Section 7 LibraryHawaiiLibraries PublicSection Section SectionPlanningHandicapped and SectionConsultant Multimedia Section 7 SectionSchool Services MaintenanceSecurity and Section dPreparationsPrinting and Section _1 dMaui PublicLibraryKauai Public Section dEducationProgram Information Outreach 4 _..1ESEASection Title II Bindery Section OahuLibrary Public Section dReader'sCentral BibliographyService Section and HLibrary ---1 CirculationResearch Section Section PROPOSED: OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES To assist in furthering cooperative THE OFFICE OF library assistances and LIBRARY SERVICES To maintain liaison with interested organizations on a regional (Pacific Ba- MAJOR FUNCTIONS sin) and international basis. The major functions of the Office of To serve as a resource center on spe- Library Services are: cial subjects of particular interest and capacity for Hawaii. To operatecommunity-school and community public libraries and render To provide services in reproduction, a variety of local library services. replication and dis,sibution of materials in support of formal and informal To develop and maintain central li- educational programs and consulta- brary resource collections and provide tive and planning services for effective statewide reference and bibliograph- utilization of media on a statewide ical services. basis. To provide a government publication depository and distribution service. ORGANIZATION To provide a special library service in- The State Librarian provides the lead- cluding centralized processing, book- ership necessary to plan, direct and control mobile, interlibrary loans, library re- statewide public library services, supporting sources for the blind and physically services to community and school libraries, handicapped, the disadvantaged and state library services, centralized processing others. services, and administrative and operating services and undertakes management re- To provide technical planning, stand- porting and external relations of the Office ards development, training and eval- of Library Services. The basic responsibility uation services related to school li- is to implement a totally integrated informa- brary programs and instructional mation and delivery system to service the people terials. of Hawaii. To administer and report on Federal The Office of Library Services is or- aid to public library programs; plans, ganized into six major branches: Administra- designs and participate in implemen- tive Services, Central Processing, State Li- tation of Federal Programs to public brary, Public Libraries, School Libraries and school and private school libraries. Instructional Materials, and the Teacher As- To participate in library facility plan- sist Center. Each branch is subdivided into ning, provide facility security, routine specialized sections to carry out the functions maintenance, and janitorial upkeep of assigned to the branch. Some of the sections public library facilities. are further subdivided into program areas. To coordinate with and provide con- sultativelibrary servicestoState BRANCH FUNCTIONS agencies. ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES BRANCH To maintain liaison and coordinate The primary function of the Adminis- with municipal, state and federal li- trative Services Branch is to plan, develop brary resources, develop inter-agency and provide a variety of fiscal, personnel, exchange and resource procurement administrative, facility maintenance, securi- activities. ty and related support services within depart- To maintain liaison with all segments mental guidelines and standards. This of the community on a statewide basis Branch assists in the planning and develop- as related to library services. ing of management improvement programs,

. 30 inservice training programs and participates THE TEACHER ASSIST CENTER in library facility planning. The primary function of the Teacher Assist Center (TAC) is to provide support CENTRAL PROCESSING BRANCH services to the instructional program and The primary function of the Central state and district offices and provide repro- Processing Branch is to provide consolidated duction and consultative services on a state- ordering, cataloging preparations and bind- wide basis, to all divisions of the Depart- ery services for all public and school librar- ment of Education including public and insti- ies in the State Library System. tutional libraries. Through the network of the Hawaii STATE LIBRARY BRANCH State Library System, TAC maintains an operational staff of specialists and technicians The primary function of the State Li- to conduct a variety of services printing, brary Branch is to plan, develop, coordinate multimedia duplication, consultative and ad- and provide a variety of centralized and visory facility planning for library-media specialized statewide library services in sup- centers, graphics, distribution, library, pro- port of community (library) and school li- duction, technical and maintenance. brary programs. This Branch develops and maintains the basic resource Lnd reference collection for the library system and coordinates inter-agency and inter-jurisdictional library resource services. Some of the res- POLICIES AND REGULATIONS* ponsibilities assigned to this Branch are pro- The Department of Education is man- gram, service, and support-oriented. This dated by the legislature to provide ways and Branch serves as the Hawaii State Library means for placing libraries within reach of and provides direct public services. all residents throughout the State and particularly of all public and private school children, and to provide and maintain branch PUBLIC LIBRARIES BRANCH libraries, offices or paces for the distribu- The primary function of the Public tion of books and other material throughout Libraries Branch is to plan, develop and pro- the State. vide local library services through the operation of regional public libraries, community The policies and regulations of the Of- public libraries and community-school librar- fice of Library Services of the Department of ies located throughout the state. Education are contained within state and federal laws, department rules, regulations and policies, Office of Library Services pol- SCHOOL LIBRARIES AND icies and regulations, and by procedures out- INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS BRANCH lined in the Office of Library Services Hand- The primary function of the School book. Libraries and Instruction al Materials Branch All employees of the department shall is to serve as the central departmental re- follow these policies and guidelines and per- source for the planning and development of form library services and other proprietary school library media programs. Specific res- programs required by the Assistant Super- ponsibilities include: analyzing school needs intendent (State Librarian) of Library Serv- in regard to materials, facility, equipment ices in carrying out his duties and respon- and personnel; coordinating the evaluation sibilities. of materials and equipment; developing standards and promoting their implementation; developing criteria and procedures for program evaluation; and providing of media- related consultative services to school librar- All references are supported by Hawaii Revised Sta. tutes and minutes of the Library Advisory Commission ians, audiovisual coordinators, and admin- meetings. Citation for specific paragraphs will be fur- istrators. . nished upon request.

22 The Hawaii State Library System shall patronized may be discontinued as u n eco- play the major role in developing the total n omical. subject,reference,and recreationalre- The Department of Education shall sources which affect the economic, political, appoint such personnel including officers intellectual, and cultural life of the state. and employees as it deems necessary. In acquisitions, emphasis shall be on The State Librarian, under the direc- resources having both direct and indirect tion of the Superintendent of Education, bearing on the total growth and development shall be responsible for the operation of of our state. As administrator of public li- all school and public libraries within the braries, the State Librarian shall work to- State. wards the coordination of all state supported libraries and towards the cooperative build- The Department of Education may ing and use of all significant collections with- contract for the exchange of librarians with in the state. libraries as authorized by Section 312-3, Hawaii Revised Statutes. The Department of Education shall make rules and regulations to establish a The Department of Education shall State Publication Distribution Center under care for, manage, and control all property the direction of the State Librarian. set apart, donated, loaned to, or in any way acquired for the use of libraries. The Board of Education shall adopt a schedule of hours for public service for the Wherever practicable meeting rooms Hawaii State community and community- or auditoriums shall be provided in library school libraries which shall best meet the facilities for use free of charge by educa- need of the various publics. In formulating tional,civic,cultural,and government such a schedule, however, due consideration groups. Such meetings must be open to and shall be given to employee morale and ef- properly advertised as being available to the ficiency, especially where night and weekend general public. services are involved. Rules and regulations governing the The Office of Library Services shall reservation and use of such meeting rooms periodically review the public service sched- or auditoriums shall be approved by the ule to assure that it closely reflects the de- Board of Education and are normally initi- mands being generated by the library users. ated by the State Librarian with the recom- Current schedules as approved by the mendation of the Library Advisory Commis- Board of Education are provided for public sions. distribution, posted in each library, and Reservations for use of the meeting promulgated using all media. During sum- rooms/auditoriums may be made no longer mer months a modified schedule is usually than three months in advance. The library provided. Libraries shall observe all holidays reserves the right to revoke permission to use established by laws of the State of Hawaii. the meeting room upon giving adequate Holiday schedules for library closings, pre- notice to the reserving group. An adult (per- pared annually, modify the above. Normally son, 18 years or older), who is a member of holiday schedules will be presented to the a group wishing to reserve a meeting room Board of Education for approval at least and who will be present at the meeting, thirty days before the close of each calendar must be responsible for maintaining order, year for the following year. Service may be for cleanliness, safety and security of the temporarily suspended in case of serious meeting room and for securing the building emergencies. Bookmobile schedules general- upon leaving. Refreshments may be served ly conform to library schedules but are kept where facilities are available, but only during more flexible to recognize public response hours when the library is open. Organiza- at various established bookmobile stops. tions holding meetings assume responsibility Schedules for heavily patronized stops may for any damage to the room, its appurte- be extended. Stops which are very poorly nances, and for the replacement of lost or

23 damaged equipment which may result from in library buildings. Offenders not observing their organization's use of the meeting room. the above rules will be asked to cease and de- A person, duly authorized, and representing sist from their use of the library and/or be the group requesting the meeting shall com- referred to the proper authorities. plete the required form. All public libraries shall be appropri- The Board of Education shall be res- ately named by the Board of Education, upon ponsible for the establishment of such rules recommendation of the Library Advisory and regulations for buildings and grounds as Commissions, and in accord with depart- may be required to provide for the protection ment regulations. and safety of the public, the staff, facilities, The early selection of a name for a new equipment, and library materials. Such rules library is desirable so that the name may be and regulations will be presented to the used at all stages of planning and construc- Board of Education by the State Librarian tion. The State Librarian shall develop a rec- with the recommendation of the Library Ad- ommendation for a name by involving visory Commissions. groups and persons in the community to be The library is a place for reading and served. The recommendation will be submit- research. The library, to serve its users ef- ted to the Library Advisory Commissioners ficiently and effectively seeks to preserve the and upon their recommendation will be sub- general peace, safety and security of its staff, mitted to the Superintendent for approval an d users, equipment, building and grounds. It referral to the Board for action. The naming relies on the conduct of users to avoid un- of libraries for living persons shall be dis- necessary noise and disturbance to other couraged. Public libraries shall not be named users. Running, shouting, loud talking, yell- for persons still actively connected with the ing, destruction or defacing of materials, Department of Education or for incumbent equipment or the building and its appurte- elected or appointed local, state or national nance is not permitted. Offenders will be government officials. referred to appropriate authorities. Pushing, Buildings or rooms within buildings of shoving, kicking, hitting, or throwing of any the Hawaii State Library System of the De- library staff, user, object or material is not partment of Education shall not be named permitted in the library or on the grounds for anyone still actively connected with the which are within the library's jurisdiction. Department or for incumbent elected or ap- Placing feet up on tables, equipment, walls pointed officials in local, state or national or other appurtenances are not permitted. government. Individual rooms in public li- Please guard your purse and belongings. brary buildings of the Hawaii State Library System normally shall be named for distin- The library cannot be responsible for guished Americans, Board members, librari- theft or damage to personal property. No ans, educators, or others who have been di- smoking or eating is permitted except on rectly involved with the Department for a lanais and patios or in other areas so des- substantial period of time and have made ignated. No gambling, no intoxicating li- significant contributions to its academic and quors, drugs or substances are allowed on cultural programs. Under proper circum- library premises including grounds within stances, donors of buildings may be honored jurisdiction of the library. Indecent behavior by appropriate naming. Areas and roadways, is not permitted in libraries or surrounding when names are necessary, shall customarily grounds. Offenders will be expelled from be designated with appropriate Hawaiian library or referred to police. Profanity or dis- orderly conduct will be referred to police. words or descriptive or functional titles. Selling or soliciting of any kind is not per- In the event of a serious emergency mitted on library premises. Pets are not al- which threatens the safety of the staff or lowed in library buildings unless properly public, a library building or its contents, the leashed or caged. Unsupervised children un- senior staff member present has the authori- der the age of five years are not permitted ty to immediately close the library to the

24 public for a period as it may be necessary Items of real or personal property may to restore order and/or remove the existing be received and accepted by the Department threat. Such emergencies include, but are of Education for any and all purposes of the not limited to: civil defense actions, fire, riot libraries. Such gifts, including books, when or civil commotion, or threats to do bodily accepted in conformity with rules and regu- harm. lations of the Department of Education be- If it is practicable to telephone the ap- come the property of the State of Hawaii. propriate Director or the State Librarian Accounting for and disposing of such proper- before taking any closing action, do so. If it ty is governed by rules and regulations es- is impracticable or impossible to telephone tablished by the Department and the State beforehand, do so as soon after the incident of Hawaii. as possible. If it is possible to evacuate the Income from the operation of libraries building before closing it, do so. If it is im- that ate financially supported by the State practicable or unsafe to evacuate, remain in shall be deposited with the director of fi- the building and protect yourself as best you nance to the credit of the general fund, pro- can. If the staff can safely work in the build- vided that moneys or properties donated for ing, they should work the usual 40 hour week library use and patrons' deposits shall be de- on whatever tasks are available. If the build- posited and accounted for in accordance with ing has to be evacuated before closing time, regulations prescribed by the comptroller. time off or schedule adjustments will have to be arranged as soon as possible, based on the The amount of money to be assessed circumstances. If the action results in calls as fines and related income shall be de- or interviews from media people, avoid com- termined by the Department of Education ments on policy which should be referred to upon recommendation of the State Librarian. the State Librarian or to a Director. There shall be within the Department The Department of Education shall re- of Education a commission in each county to ceive, care for, expend and account for any be known as the library advisory commis- money which may be received for the pur- sion for the county which shall in each case pose of erecting buildings or for any other sit in an advisory capacity to the Board of purposes of the libraries. Education on matters relating to public li- Appropriated state funds obtained brary services in the respective county. shall be expended in accordance with law Each commission shall consist of not less and with policies, rules and regulations es- than seven and no more than eleven mem- tablished by the State Comptroller and the bers. Department of Education. Federal funds for library services obtained through project The Department of Education may proposals made by the State Librarian shall make such arrangements or contracts as are be expended in accordance with appropriate approved by the Governor, with any county, federal and state regulations.* city, association, society, person or persons, for the purpose of benefiting the libraries The Department of Education shall re- and increasing their facilities and use; enter ceive, use, manage, or invest monies or other into such arrangement or contract as is ap- property, real, personal, or mixed which may proved by the Governor, with the Friends of be given, bequeathed, devised, or in any the Library of Hawaii, for the purpose of ob- manner received from sources other than the taining the use of books and property and legislature or any federal appropriation for income of the Friends of the Library of any or all purposes of the libraries. Funds Hawaii. obtained from the operation of this law shall be deposited with the director of finance in Annually during the month of July but a special fund and shall be administered in as of June 30 preceding, the Department of accordance with rules and regulations of the Education shall report to the Governor the State Comptroller and Department of Educa- moneys received from all sources and ex- tion. pended for all purposes during the preceding LEVELS OF FUNDING Fiscal Year Estimated Funding Major Program or Fiscal Year Levels Required Supporting Service 1971-1972 1972.1977 (Thousands) Overall Management $ 187 $ 187 197 Public. Library Services 3,708 3,708 4,648 School Library and Media Services 682 682 709 Special Library Services 420 420 504 Administrative and Technical Services 779 779 935 Total $5,776 $6,993 year, and any other matters pertaining to the braries (40% of the total being public school libraries which it may deem important, or the libraries), approximately 20% are govern- Governor may require. mental or social service libraries, and 10% It is estimated that total operating re- are business and technical libraries. The requirements for library services will increase maining 10% of all individual librariesare to $6.9 million by 1977. public libraries. Operating costs for the major support- ingservice of overall management will increase from $187 in 1972 to a range of $197 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII by 1976 to provide expanded staff support LIBRARY to the Assistant Superintendent (State Li- The University of Hawaii Library at brarian) and undertake comprehensive staff Manoa is the major academic resource in the developmentandrecruitment,research state. It provides service to any student en- and operations analysis, and public in- rolled or any faculty and staff memberem- formation and external relations activities. ployed within the University of Hawaiisys- Major expenditure increases will be needed tem, to students from private colleges, and to between 1972 and 1976 so thatnew overall any resident, either directly or through inter- management services can be initiated and library loan. In addition to providing materi- existing services significantly strengthened. als to support class work and researchcon- Public library services will require a ducted at the University, the Library hasa steady increase in appropriations during the national responsibility to maintain theex- planning period to provide significantlyex- cellence of its Hawaiian, Pacific and Asian panded staffs for regional library centers,an collections. The Library is a member of the increase in professional and para-profes- Center for ResearchLibraries, Chicago, sional staff for the Hawaii Resource Center, which enables it to share the expense of ac- and adequate staffing for service units. quiring and housing costly little:usedre- search materials with other memberli- braries. These materials are then made available on interlibrary loan. It is also a member INFORMATION of PAMBU, The Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, SOURCES a cooperative arrangement between libraries in Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii for lo- More than 500 libraries are identified cating and microfilming manuscript mate- in Hawaii by an inventory of libraryre- rial relating to the Pacific. It also provides sources conducted as part of the library support services such as cataloging of dif- planning study. Nearly .60% of the libraries ficult materials, processing orders for books, identified are educational and academic li- reproducing catalog cards, lending of films

26 and media equipment and interlibrary loan an expanded role to aid the individual learner for the libraries of the six community col- with print and non-print materials. leges and the University of Hawaii, Hilo Col- Every school should have its own me- lege. The Library Council, composed of the dia center, which will provide basic instruc- heads of these libraries and a faculty rep- tional materials and services. The media cen- resentative from each campus has given con- ter is basically a school library, with a pro- siderable attention to this kind of interlibrary gram of expanded services and the provision cooperation. of print as well as non-print materials. In an instructional program character- PUBLIC SCHOOL LIBRARY ized by the multi-media approach, the media MEDIA CENTERS center provides services and resources to support and improve learning and teaching. The Public School Library Media Cen- Information on new educational develop- ter provide additional sources of informa- ments, materials and equipment is available. tion. In addition, provisions are made for the pro- The Master Plan for Public Education duction of materials to meet the needs of stu- in Hawaii states that "the department should dents and teachers. stress in its program (1) additional exposure The media program of services should to library services, particularly relating to re- include: search, identification and correlation of data and use of multimedia techniques; (2) an- 1. Assisting staff in curriculum plan- alytical skills and logic, and (3) communica- ning, research, development and tions sciences." evaluation. Planning for Libraries in Hawaii: A 2. Motivating students and staff to use Comprehensive Statewide Planning and materials for both instructional and Feasibility Study for Public Libraries and recreationalpurposesinsmall Joint School and Public Library Facilities, groups, large groups or individ- recommends that School Libraries and In- ually. structional Materials Branch "develop, re- 3. Supporting staff and students in the commend, and maintain appropriate stan- effective utilization of equipment dards and guidelines to improve the collec- and materials, by providing guid- tions, service, personnel, methods, facilities, ance and instruction. and equipment of public school libraries, en- 4. Providing services and facilities for courage and assist implementation of stan- the production of materials. dards established by the Board of Education and coordinate evaluation of accomplish- 5. Furnishing the services that make ment in relation to standards." (7: following information and materials easily 105) With the publication of these two key available. documents and the national trend in develop- 6. Providing liaison and advisory serving the multimedia role of the school library, ices for use of other resources with- the Department of Education, Office of Li- in the school, complex and commu- brary Services, recognized a need and is nity. presently revising the school library stan- 7. Assisting teachers with evaluation, dards accepted by the Board of Education in selection, and use of textbooks. 1967 to meet the needs and requirements of today's educational goals and to place the 8. Providing reinforcementof the standards of school libraries in juxtaposition learning process. with audio-visual programs. The overall aim is to present minimal SPECIALIZED COLLECTIONS standards for media programs that will en- Othersubstantialcollectionsare able schools to implement their instructional found in the state. Most of these are special- goals and objectives. The library is taking on ized collections and include the following:

27 LIBRARY MAJOR SPECIALIZATION Bishop Museum Anthropology, History, Natural History Church College of Hawaii Religion, Polynesian Culture East-West Center Asian Studies Hawaii Medical Association Medicine Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Plant Pathology, Tropical Agiculture Hawaii Supreme Court Law Honolulu Academy of Arts Architecture, Art History Legislative Reference Bureau Public Administration, State Law Municipal Reference City Government, Urban Planning Public Archives Hawaii Government Medicine, Military Science U.S. Army Ship Construction U.S. Navy Naval Ordinance, Naval Warfare, NUMBER OF LIBRARIES TYPE OF LIBRARY IDENTIFIED Academic Libraries 2 University of Hawaii, Manoa 1 University of Hawaii, Hilo College 6 Community College Private College 16 Subtotal Business, Legal, and Industrial Libraries 18 General Business, Finance, and Accounting 5 Attorneys Communications, Transportation, andOther 10 33 Subtotal Libraries Elementary and Secondary School 214 Public School 66 Private and Special School 280 Subtotal Government Libraries 25 Federal 42 State 13 City and County 80 Subtotal 27 Institutional Libraries and Public Libraries (Community, Regional 37 Community-School Libraries) Social Services Libraries 23 Medical and Other Health-Related 20 Religious and Social Agencies 2 Artistic and Cultural 45 Subtotal Technical Libraries 12 Engineering and Architectural 4 Scientific and Other 16 Subtotal 534 Total Library Resources Identified

28 INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION and the State Library, as well as a comparison of their acquisition trends and policies. Interlibrary cooperation is essential to The results of the report of this study should gain maximum benefit from the total library encourage progress toward the state policy resources of the state. Because of its state- of cooperative building and use of all sig- wide system, under the aegis of the Depart- nificant collections within the state. ment of Education, the Office of Library The Union List of Serials in the Li- Services has been able to assume a position braries of Honolulu last published in 1965 of leadership in planning for and beginning is a good example of cooperative production to implement interlibrary cooperation with of a valuable bibliographic tool. The infor the impetus of the Library Services and Con- mation it provides is essential in a geograph struction Act Title III funding. For example, ically isolated area like Hawaii. Plans for new projects such as the use of teletype- updating it are now developing and will de- writer communication and the development pend on the fullest cooperation of all librar- of a Hawaiiana thesaurus involve and bene- ies with significant serial holdings for their fit public university and private libraries. success. The Booz-AllenHamilton feasibility study outlines the needs of other economic and governmental institutions. To begin to meet this need a Labor, Management and CONSTRAINTS UPON Technology Section has commenced opera- STATEWIDE LIBRARY tion as part of the Hawaii State Library and classification and cataloging services has EFFORTS been provided by the Centralized Processing Center to some governmental agencies. ECONOMIC The University of Hawaii Library at Current revenue projections show that Manoa has already established sound coop- the state anticipates a deficit possibly as high eration with the other libraries in the Uni- as $97 million for the biennium. The Gover- versity system and now plans to cooperate nor indicates that $18 million can be saved with the Supreme Court Library in providing through enforced cost savings, such as the library services for the new Law School. current freeze on government hiring. Some of its projects benefit libraries beyond the system. For example, a microfilm edi- Thus library staffing to date has been tion of the Library's card catalog is now curtailed by 10%, because no vacancies can available for purchase by any other library be filled. in the state. Copies are already located in Funding will be governed by the above the colleges on Hilo, Kauai and Maui. Free restrictions. exchange of films between the Hawaii State Library and the University has greatly in- FACILITY creased the number of films available to State Library facility designed to citizens of the state. house all library functions at the State Level Some major cooperative projects ini- as included in American Library Association tiated by the University are just beginning. Standards for Library Functions at the State A Union Catalog of materials in all the li- Level is needed. Other facility needs are a braries in the University system is being central library function in each county ade- developed. If this were to be expanded to quate to perform modern library services at include the holdings of the Hawaii State Li- the county level and offer a full range of library, access to the two major information brary services and materials including sup- resources of the state would be available in plemental reference, interloan services, book one location. Another study is under way to ordering, cataloging, central bookmobile provide a comprehensive analysis of the collection, equipment and supplies, prepara- present collections of the University Library tion of lists and other functions.

29 Branch libraries are needed for com- General development Library buildings munity population concentration of 5,000- should be func- 7,500 or more within a 21/2-5 mile radius, a tional, efficient 11/2-21/2 mile radius or a 1-11/2 mile radius or and inviting. when an objective survey shows that a pro- They should be posed branch will be assured of a minimum expandable since annual circulation of 75,000 (of which 45% service demands to 50% will be adult circulation) and that, in grow as the addition, at least 10,000 adult informational population questions will be answered annually. A grows. Off-street branch circulating 75,000 or more books a parking should year should have at least 5,000 sq. ft. with be provided at about 65 seats for adults and 45 for children, a ratio of 1.5 and be located in the center of pedestrian sq. ft. per square traffic. foot of floor School-public library combinations space. wherever located should have a minimum of 8,000 sq. ft. and should be located to insure the maximum of pedestrian and automobile traffic by the general public. DECISION Bookmobiles should have a capacity STRUCTURE AND of 2,500 to 4,000 volumes; be planned and operated to serve as many adults as children OPERATIONS and to lend as many adult books as children's; and carry collections to render quick ORGANIZATION everyday reference. All library facilities should have maxi- The present plan of top level organi- mum acoustical, temperature, and humidity zation of library responsibilities provides nu- control to insure maximum utilization and merous operational benefits. Among these protection of materials. are: The Board of Education appropriately can provide policy direction and general guidance within the Site requirements Central library, statewide educational framework. 0.65 sq. ft. per Top executive leadership by the Su- capita, including perintendent of Education can fur- parking. ther effective integration with the total education system. Branch library, 0.85 -.q. ft. per Top management by the Superin- capita, including tendent relieves the chief library ex- parking. ecutive of much non-professional involvement and assists concentration Floor space Central library, on direct and professional library requirements 0.45 sq. ft. per responsibilities. (minimum standards) capita. The concept of advisory library Branch library, bodies to enlarge public involve- 1 sq. ft. per ment in libraries and to give citizen capita. attention specifically to library needs and opportunities and to re- Minimum branch 5,000 sq. ft. flect important regional and local library size considerations is desirable. There are decision-makers in other between planner and decision maker, and agencies or groups within and outside of between evaluator and decision maker. state government which affect library planning. CRITERIA HAWAII STATE GOVERNMENT: According to the Basic State Plan, Office of the Governor, Department of May 25, 1971. every resident of the State Budget and Finance, Department of Ac- shall have free library service available in counting and General Services, Department his local community through bookmobile, de- of Attorney General, Department of Plan- posit station, branch library or community - ning and Economic Development, Depart- school library. Every resident of the State .r- ment of Land and Natural Resources, De- shall have access through his local outlet to partment of Personnel Services, Department the full range of modern library facilities of Health, Department of Social Services and provided by the State and Federal library Housing, Department of Education, Office agencies. The local library outlet shall have of the Superintendent; Department of Edu- sufficient resources to enable it to provide cation, Assistant and District Superintend- the most frequent requested material from ents; Board of Education, Library Advisory its collection, and be as easy to reach and Council, Library Advisory Commission, and as easy to use as a local shopping center. the Office of Environmental Quality Control (for facilities). Outside of this category are Adequate reference libraryservice the University of Hawaii, County Govern- shall be understood to exist when 90% or ments (Honolulu, Hawaii, Maui, Kauai); De- more of reference transactions shall be satis- partment of Health, Education and Welfare, factorily completed. The reference and inter- Washington, D.C. and 9th Regional; and the loan network shall help to create a 90% serv- Hawaii Foundation for History and the Hu- ice factor in this area. manities. Community libraries shall have a basic The following groups have authority collection of 25,000 volumes or 5 books per to review library decisions: Library Advisory capita, whichever is greater. Council, Library Advisory Commissions, De- Regional libraries shall have a basic partment of Education, Assistant and Dis- core of at least 125,000 titles, 10,000 titles trict Superintendents; Department of Educa- in non-circulating collection, 5,000 sound re- tion, Superintendent; and the Board of Edu- cordings, 500 educational films, substantial cation. collection of current U.S. and Hawaii State Those with authority to approve or Government Documents, periodicals and disapprove decisions regarding libraries in- newspapers. Audio-visual materials and clude these agencies and departments of the equipment and other news media as devel- Hawaii State Government: Department of oped shall be provided. (Materials associ- Education, Superintendent; Board of Educa- ated with teaching machines, closed circuit tion; Department of Planning and Economic and educational television shall be avail- Development (if it affects planning of facili- able.) ties); City and County Government (if it af- State Library Branch shall have a fects the metropolitan area); Department basic collection of 750,000 volumes and shall of Attorney General (if necessary); Depart- serve as a Resource Center. ment of Budget and Finance; Department Staff services quantitatively and quali- of Accounting and General Services; De- tatively shall be provided for appropriate partment of Land and Natural Resources; use of collections materials and equipment. and the Office of the Governor. Comprehensive facilities planning shall be Within the state library agency there based on the needs, objectives, and program is a need to clearly define the roles and re- requirements of future and present library lationships between planner and evaluator, services.

31 40 SELECTION OF 10. POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS. Is the ANNUAL PROJECTS project free of political bias? Lend to geographic balance of outside Annual Programs shall be selected benefits to localities? based on the following criteria: 1. LEGALITY. Is the project authorized by Federal and State laws and local governing authorities e.g., county, municipal and/or appropri- ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ate Boards? AND FUTURE NEEDS Three surveys were conducted by 2. GOAL-RELATED. Are the project Booz-Allen and Hamilton concerning library objectives in accord with goals and users and non-users in 1967. A general li- objectives set forth in the long-range brary user survey was conducted in all public program? To what extent is state- libraries for seven consecutive days of a typi- wide consensus evident on import- cal week. This survey generated over 30,000 ance of the project? (State Associa- individual responses. School library users in tion, etc.) public and private schools throughout the 3. FEASIBILITY. Does the project state were surveyed in a similar fashion. have a reasonable chance to suc- Public school and private school library users ceed?Is there evidence of local completed approximately 40,000 and 9,000 commitment to continue the proj- questionnaires respectively for the school li- ect? Are local and state funds in brary survey. A third survey was a sample of the offing? public opinion, carried out by trained, professional interviewers, covering a carefully 4. POPULATION SERVED. How selected sample of the state's population. many people will have an oppor- In this survey, 1,550 controlled interviews tunity to benefit from the project? were used both to identify non-users and How many of these are from low- their reasons for non-use, and to obtain a income families? From ethnic cross-section of user information. groups? Follow-up of these surveys is being im- 5. REPLICABILITY. How significant plemented. There is need for surveying opin- is the project in terms of applica- ions of interested publics, users and non- bility in other locations in the state? users. The nation? The following basic needs were gener- 6. LOCAL MANAGEMENT CAPA- ally identified in the Booz-Allen-Hamilton CITY. What is the competency of surveys conducted: educational needs, eco- personnel and adequacy of facilities nomic needs, professional needs, governmen- to administer the project? tal needs, recreational needs, cultural and social needs, historical needs (from early 7. INTERAGENCY COOPERATION. Polynesian settlement to strategic role in Does the project reflect a concerted World War II); and regional and interna- approach? Community oriented? tional needs. These needs should be specifi- Not duplication of effort, etc.? cally delineated according to the areas listed in order to give impetus to statewide library 8. EVALUATION. What provisions are planning. made for evaluation? Procedure? Reporting? In assessment and for future library needs of our communities and for the library 9. CAPACITY TO MONITOR. Does needs of our schools, emphasis and special the State Agency have the ability consideration should be given to persons re- and time to monitor the project? siding in sparsely settled areas of the State

32 which are distant from adequate public li- There is no question that libraries and brary facilities; disadvantaged persons in- librarians already face new opportunities cluding those residing in urban or rural areas and challenges. Changes are occurring rap- with high concentrations of low-income fam- idly in library science including changes in ilies; and persons who are physically handi- the quantity of materials that will require capped and institutionalized. establishing new methods of operation; and In addition there are areas of the state, changes in training librarians to handle new both urban and rural with high concentra- equipment and to provide instant informa- tions of low-income families with composite tion to all comers. Librarians are now of diverse ethnic origins. These rural areas charged with the responsibility of finding include: Aiea and Halawa, Hauula (Kahana the means to provide instant and total library Valley-Laie), Kahaluu, Nanakuli, Pearl City, service to people of all ages, all levels of Waimanalo, Waianae, County of Hawaii, education, and for all purposes. It is .a for- County of Maui, County of Kauai and others midable responsibility and one which holds as updated by State of Hawaii Source Docu- new and fascinating opportunities. ments. The urban areas include: Kokohead, In Hawaii, library services revolve Kalihi, Pa lama, Pa bolo, Papakolea, Sheridan around a set of circumstances that are Tract, Waikiki and others as updated by unique. There is no other state in which the State of Hawaii Source Documents. library system and the public school system are combined and operated by the state government. Furthermore, the level of interest and support by the State Legislature, the Governor, the Board of Education, and the RELATIONSHIP OF citizens of the state is substantial. While OBJECTIVES other states are groping for means to cor- relate their various forms of tax-supported TO GOALS library sources, Hawaii has a functioning statewide system that encompasses most The Office of Library Services within governmental-operated libraries and has the the Department of Education is committed avenues forclose coordinationwithli- to the provision of library services to sup- braries in the non-governmental sector. port and further the goals of the Department. The following statements from the Master The State of Hawaii has drafted a Plan for Public Education in Hawaii and the master plan for its library system. The plan Foundation Program of the Public Schools in is intended to give substantial impetus to li- Hawaii indicate direct library involvement. brary development immediately and in the years ahead. This plan is also the basis for The major aim of education is to pro- systematically and continually updating the vide experiences which will enable long-range planning of libraries in Hawaii. each individual to learn to think and act intelligently in achieving maxi- Library planning has been initiated mum eelffulfillment and in preserving positively. It must be updated positively and and contributing to the strength of his not as a matter of crisis or because a critical community, state, and nation. problem exists. The effort mounted thus far for systematic planning has grown out of a The Hawaii school system will provide comprehensive library services based on desire by all concerned to move forward con- sound, long-range planning. structively. While the State. of Hawaii has its own There has been notable progress in the situation regarding library services, it is also expansion and improvement of Hawaii's li- a part of a large national picture. Therefore, braries. Perhaps even more important is the some reference to the national situation and enthusiasm and confidence shown in the to overall trends is appropriate. future development of the library system.

33 It is therefore recommended that the related to school library programs and in- Department should continue to sys- structional materials; administers and re- tematically review and implement the ports on Federal aid to public library pro- recommendations contained in the li- grams; plans, designs and participates in braries master plan. implementation of Federal Programs to pub- Hawaii is unique in its organization lic school and private school libraries; and of library services. The Office of Library participates in library facility planning, pro- Services under the Department of Education vides facility security, routine maintenance and the State Librarian operates the state and janitorial upkeep of public library facili- library, 32 community libraries (including ties. 8 bookmobiles), 4 community-school librar- The Office of Library Services coordi- ies, and has staff responsibility for the school nates with and provides consultative library library program throughout the state. services to State agencies; maintains liaison Hawaii will play an increasingly dom- and coordinates with municipal, state and inant leadership role in assisting Pacific Federal library resources; developsinter- Basin and Asian development. Increased em- agency exchange and resource procurement phasis, therefore, within our educatior al sys- activities; maintains liaisons with all seg- tem, must be placed on regional and inter- ments of the community on a statewide basis national study as well as developing a global as related to library services; maintains perspective in our students. As the need for liaisons with interested organizations on a more information arises, library and multi- regional (Pacific Basin) and international media planning and development must be basis, serves as a resource center on special prepared to handle the need. subjects of particular interest and capacity for Hawaii; and provides services in repro- Within the framework of the broad duction, replication and distribution of ma- goal set forth by its parent organization the terials in support of formal and informal Office of Library Services has set forth its educational programs and consultative and basic objective and function, which is to pro- planning services for effective utilization of vide comprehensive library resources and media. services to the people of the State of Hawaii, offering good free library service within the reach of every resident of the state, and otherwise further the interests of the state and its people through library services; and MEASURES OF to administer a statewide public libraries EFFECTIVENESS program and provide technical assistance to school library programs. As stated in the Program Plan Details It,therefore, operates community 1971 to 1977, the State Planning, Program- public libraries and renders a variety of local ming and Budgeting document, the meas- library services; develops and maintains cen- ures of program effectiveness are the degree tral library resource collw-tions and provides of satisfaction, as expressed on a "con- statewide reference and bibliographical serv- sumer" survey regarding the number, vari- ices; provides a government publication de- ety, appropriateness of library. materials. pository and distribution service; and also This survey is expected to be conducted dur- provides a variety of special library services ing the coming year. including centralized processing, bookmo- Effectiveness is also measured by the bile, inter-library loans, library resources for degree of satisfaction regarding use of ac- the blind and visually handicapped, and the cessibility* to library services. Plans are disadvantaged and others. being formulated to carry this out on an in- The Office of Library Services also cremental basis. The initial surveys were provides technical planning, standards de- completed in 1967 and the second increment velopment, training and evaluation services of review and evaluation is to be instituted.

34 It is proposed that there be a review proved budget limits; to establish an im- and evaluation of the first increments; a proved management information system survey of users to include community organi- with goals-oriented reporting for major pro- zations, private libraries, special libraries, grams and supporting services; to formally institutional libraries and other government evaluate program and service performance agencies; a survey of staff on feedback from against goals established; to recruit suffi- users. The survey should contain measure cient personnel to fill vacancies in authorized of effectiveness as expressed regarding the positions and to establish guidelines to assist number, variety, appropriateness of library regional and community libraries in the use materials; the degree of satisfaction regard- of their library acquisition budget. ing use of accessibility to library services; the In addition, it is planned to continue degree of satisfaction regarding services as provided by staff; and ratings on a 5 point regular technical assistance through scheduled visits to regional and community librar- scale on planned effectiveness level. ies; to continue regular performance report- Further evaluative plans and alterna- ing system for school libraries and institute -t- tives need to be formulated to acquire in- reports on the status of school libraries in formation about that section of the popula- relation to state standards; to extend im- tion that never uses a library or any of its plementation of the regional library system; resources. A well-defined mechanism needs to extend the automated communications to be drawn up to provide decision making system and rapid speed copying services; and to provide alternatives of services to and to continue coordination between all reach all persons within the state. other libraries and the State Library System. A reassessment of program activities Other plans include streamlining work which may affect alternatives may be con- procedures in central processing services sidered. For examples; has the impact of through automated order processing and bet- the program, in terms of original objectives, ter work flow scheduling; improving public been considered? Would alternative pro- information activities on a statewide basis; grams or activities have more ably met the maintaining a comprehensive six-year plan objectives? Has performance been consis- for the State Library System and detailed tent with specified criteria? Have the pro- plans and operating and capital improve- grams been modified in terms of new data ment budget requirements. It is planned to and information? Do the periodic reports develop, recommend, and adopt quantitative provide for comprehensiveness and ade- and qualitative library standards for public quacy of data? library services and state government agencies, and comparable guidelines for special PLANS FOR MEASURING and private school libraries; to continue to EFFECTIVENESS initiate comprehensive facilities planning and development for regional and commu- 7- It is planned to review, reassess and nity libraries including to develop suitable update the comprehensive plan for the State i planning criteria and standards; to develop Library System periodically; reassess the a systematic facilities planning process; and recommended program structure and pro- to prepare and propose a suitable capital gram objectives for major programs and improvements program. supporting services; and recommend changes for authorized implementation. Planning includes reviews of overall Other plans include the reassessment objectives for the State Library System; pro-. of programs and goals consistent with ap- gram and service objectives for major programs and supporting services and appropriate revision; the comprehensive six-year Points of access to information and services may be 1 through central state library, regional libraries, com- plan for library services to compare achieve- munity libraries, community-school libraries, mobile ments against specific planning goals and collections and school library media centers. general recommendations and goals in the

35 initial comprehensive plan; to evaluate the Alternative programs have not been results and effectiveness of each program identified. Plans should be made to identify and service; and to extend the plan to the such programs. Acceptable levels of per- next six-year period and develop a firm formance are specified only in quantitative budget for the next fiscal year. terms in size of collections, in circulation statistics, and in attendance statistics. Other instruments of measuring performances should be identified and utilized. Specific criteria relevant to all points of view need to be developed for all programs and alterna- PROGRAM tive programs. IDENTIFICATION AND ALTERNATIVES

Major programs include State Library Services, such as Reader Service, Bibliog- EVALUATION raphy and Research, Young Adult Services, Children's Services, Community Library In order to monitor the progress of Planning and Consulting Services, State De- programs plans should be detailed for evalu- partment Library Services, Services to the ation to be used as an on-going process. The Blind and Physically Handicapped, State In- plans should be designed to include an in- stutution Library Services, Interlibrary Co- strument to be used on an incremental basis. operation Services, Services to Disadvan- Details including time, cost and perform- taged, Adult Services, and Circulation Serv- ance need to be provided. Provision for modi- ices. Regional, community and Community- fication of programs, for feedback commu- school Library Services include operation of nication, for the flexibility of resources and public libraries in the City and County of for efficient decision making need to be in- Honolulu, Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai counties, corporated into this plan. and operation of community-school libraries To assess the effectiveness of pro- statewide. School Libraries and Instructional grams in relation to objectives, periodic re- Materials Services include school libraryserv- views are at present part of the evaluation ices, audiovisual services, ESEA Title II process. These are largely subjective and are services and media services. done by staff involved in the projects. Eval- Major supporting services are overall uation is also reflected in statistical data col- management including overall planning and lected. Since all state programs utilize the evaluation of facilities and programs, opera- Planning Programming Budgeting System, tional direction and control, management there exists a mechanism whereby, in time, reporting, community relations and public the discrepancies between goal attainment information services. Centralized Processing and goal expectations may be identified. Services include ordering services, cataloging services, preparation and binding serv- CONCLUSION ices, printing services, and distributing serv- With the implementation of the moni- ices. Administrative and Operations Services toring plans, periodic reviews, statistical include clerical services, security, custodial data and the use of Planning Programming and maintenance services, personnel serv- Budgeting System, the discrepancies be- ices, and business services. The Teacher As- tween goal attainment and goal expectations sist Center services include reprographic and may be identified. This process will provide distribution services, consultative and plan- data to enable the Hawaii State Library ning media services, and materials retrieval System to effect adjustments to its programs services. to meet its goal.

36 45 NMI .6.1 Figure 12 PublicOfficeDepartmentState of ofLibrary Hawaii Library of EducationService Services Items, 1969-70 Library State forLibrary the Hand. Central Info.Educ. Hawaii Kauai Maui Oahu Process.Center Cent. TOTAL ReferenceItems Reserved Service Items 449,202 6,714 9,013 NC 2,964 111 ._. 160,85927,606 84,05413,813 115,445 5,099 661,792 15,599 ,848 - -- 1,484,177 68,942 03 ItemsItems Copied Circulated 554,817308,131 43,26519,391 537NC 488,195 5,724 262,146 2,505 293,463 445 2,027,401 155,292 - -- 3,645,950 515,362 Items Interloaned 7,115 (Count kept by Centralized ProcessingNC 1 21,254 10,832 Center) 4,674 4,214 416,414 - -- 416,414 48,089 Items ProcessedCatalogedAddedNew (Count kept by Centralized Processing Center) 25,35611,892 25,35611,892 Items WithdrawnVolumeOthers 19,8173,750 966. 322 15 3,3746,840 2,8701,769 3,9318,022 70,96710,280 - -- 109,80423,119 SOURCE: OfficeItems of Library Transcribed Services Annual Report 1969-70 8,804 8,804 Figure 13 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

PUBLIC LIBRARY CIRCULATION TRENDS BY COUNTY 1951 - 1970

MILLIONS OF MILLIONS OF ITEMS ITEMS CIRCULATED CIRCULATED ANNUALLY ANNUALLY 4.0

3,645

3.5 3.!

3.0 3.10 STATE OF HAWAII 2,964

2.5 *sir25 *or** *

*It * 2. -* 2.0 ** OAHU ** 1,782 4.* 1. ** 1.5 ** *** ** 1.) .0

... HAWAII ..., .%::+' ...... 0 i* 0. ' ..G5 ...... MAUI mow ...... 111. .1.1...... ,...sa...... -.. ,...... - KAUAI -...-

)1951 0 ClenA I VGA D 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 686970

SOURCE: State of Hawaii, Department of Education, Office of Library Services Annual Reports Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Updated by Consultant Services, Hawaii State Library Branch 38 StateDepartment of Hawaii of Education Figure 14 Volumes State Library Educ. Info. Central Hawaii Kauai Maui PublicOffice ofLibrary Library Collections, Services 1969-70 Oahu TOTAL Books 258,185 19,403 2,083 152,843 80,743 104,632 Mma. 449,541 1,047,937 19,403 U.Collection S. Government for the Handicapped DocumentsPaper Editions 49,223 - - 11.1. 4=1 49,223 StateFilmHawaii Documents Reels Documents DepositoryMicrocard 14,2403,0077,0781,207 11 (5, 602)* 6 (2,801)* (2,801)* .1.41E10.1. (11,204)* 41.1. 29,48614,240 3,0071,213 MicrofilmPhonorecordsMicrofiche Reels 9,3496,789 4,315 162 Nol 6,094 867 2,194 528 2,017 776 50 4,4752,615 826 22,17013,5974,3151,101 OtherTapes Collections: Volumes--Total --Included in Pamphlet Count--- 150 1,465 75 665 3,838 1,205,692 5,968 MapsFilmstripsPicturesPamphletsCollege Catalogs 71,77887,4422,001 625 - -Inc. in 1,305 Pamphlet Count- - 26,152 8,568 112 63,70419,154 635 24 29,420 53,29577,7622,301 285,785152,795 4,937 761 SlidesPrints Subtotal 161,846 1,305 35,375 471 72 84,982 30,085 137,196 .4M 4=1 450,789 471 72 *Estimated TOTAL COLLECTIONS SOURCE: Office of Library Services Annual 1,656,481 Report 1969-70 Figure 15 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NUMBER OF NUMBER OF PERSONS OR PUBLIC LIBRARY BOOK COLLECTIONS PERSONS OR NUMBER OF NUMBER OF VOLUMES COMPARED WITH POPULATION 1950. 1970 VOLUMES 1,050,000 1,050,000 1970: 1,047,937

1,000,000 1,000,000

900,000 900,000

800,000 800,000 769,913

100,000 100,000

POPULATION

600,000 r"- 600,000 Ise 21. 0' JP' 4r 500,000 (4'99,800 500,000

TOTAL BOOK COLLECTIONS

400,000 400,000 394,000

300,000 300,000

200,000 200,000

100,000 100,000

0 0 1950 1951 YEAR 1960 1965 1970

SOURCES:State of Hawaii, Oepartment of Education, Office of Library Services Annual Reports State of Hawaii, Department of Planning and Economic Development Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Updated, 1972 by Consultant Services, Hawaii State Library Branch 49 40 Figure 16

STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

PUBLIC LIBRARY BOOK COLLECTIONS PER CAPITA BY COUNTY 1950- 1970

BOOKS PER CAPITA

0 1 2 3

I I I I 1

Iry:TN.:ii STATE 0.8

1950 OAHU 0.6 1950 HAWAII 1.2 AKAUAI 1.3 .IvIAUt l.3

% STATE 0.9

4, OAHU 0.7 1960 1960 HAWAII 1.7 /iKAUAI 2.1 MAUI 1.6

'....::::::. sy ::::::::* :::::.% :::*::::if .:.::§gi e v". STATE 1.2

OAHU 1.0 1970 1970 A HAWAII 2.3 4KAUAI 2.4 4MAUI 2.1

. I I I I I

0 1 2 BOOKS PER CAPITA

SOURCES.. State of Hawaii, Department of Education, Office of Library Services Annual Reports State of Hawaii, Department of Planning and Economic Development Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Updated by Consultant Services, Hawaii State Library Branch

. 59 Figure 17

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES

SCHOOL LIBRARIES COLLECTIONS - 1970-71

CENTRALLEEWARDWINDWARD HONOLULUDISTRICTDISTRICT DISTRICT HAWAII MAUI KAUAI TOTAL*

LIBRARY BOOKS 461,284 285,440 234,974 197,424 161,605 114,359 58,037 1,513,123

MAGAZINES 2,227 1,184 886 842 1,220 801 339 7,499

PAPER BACKS 7,628 7,042 2,989 1.843 22,010 2,336 1,568 45,416

PAMPHLETS 73,319 18,881 12,415 9,297 6,093 11,963 4,529 136,497

STUDY PRINTS 8,307 2,740 1,478 2,053 1,040 1,357 363 17,338

PICTURES, MOUNTED 27,063 9,044 9,363 7,762 1,883 440 2,272 57,827

FILMSTRIPS 31,001 18,867 12,350 17,408 10,589 13,315 4,800 108,330

PHONORECORDS 19,758 12,774 6,590 10,008 8,510 5,584 2,996 66,220

TAPES 6,586 2,448 3,653 2,626 2,603 2,221 626 20,763

TRANSPARENCIES 9,011 3,648 3,231 2,625 2,934 2,954 675 25,078

SLIDES 4,196 1,819 1;992 1,722 1,050 1,984 232 12,995

8MM FILMLOOPS 576 1,050 471 598 340 539 371 3,945

TEXTBOOKS 854,898 517,576 348,384 288,130 251,078 152,659 98,198 2,510,923

MULTI-MEDIA KITS 254 76 79 122 43 --- - 574

Figures as reported September 1971 on Librarians Monthly Media Report for fiscal year ending June 30, 1971. Not complete as not all libraries reported. 42

91 " 4 Enrollment- ACTUAL & ESTIMATED STATEWIDE PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT 1966-67 to 1975-76 Figure Enrollment-18 Thousands Thousands220 Actual 220 200 Estimated 1 200 180 178,564 180,770 182,546 183,860 186,750 189,456 192,322 180 166,375 169,673 173,718 160 140 140 120 120 1975-76 Source: 1966-67 ADepartment compilation of ofEducation. selected statistics: public and non-public 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 schools of Hawaii, 1970-71. 1971. 1970-71 School Year 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 Figure 19 KAUAI LIHUE REGIONAL0 LIBRARY13 KOLOA C/S LIBRARY ' Community/School Libraries Community and in the WAIMEA ' HANAPEPE 14 0150 22OAHU 12 11 HAWAII STATE LIBRARY SYSTEM APRIL 1972 16 17 10 MOLOKAI (KAUNAKAKAI) MOTHER MARIANNE LIBRARY 18 19 20 41-ifolhMOLOKAI 1 (KALAUPAPA) WAILUKU REGIONAL LIBRARY LAHAINA MAUI KAHULUI KOHALA HONOKAA C/SLAUPAHOEHOE LIBRARY** ON THE ISLAND OF OAHU o MAKAWAOLIBRARY 9 0-WAIMEA f MOUNTAIN VIEWPAPAALOA C/S 4.3.2.1. STATEMANOAKALIHILILIHA LIBRARY 11.10. KAILUAWAIMANALO9. HAWAII C/S KAI LIBRARY' 18.17.16.15. WAIPAHUWAHIAWAPEARLWAIANAE CITY REGIONAL HANA C/S LIBRARY* HOLUALOA HILO REGIONAL-0 LIBRARY LIBRARY** 8.7.6.5. KAIMUKIAINAMCCULLY-MOILIILIWA:KIKI-KAPAHULU HAINA REGIONAL 13. KAHUKU C/S 12.14. KANEOHE WAIALUA REGIONAL 19. EWA BEACHLIBRARY C/S 22.21.20. WHITMOREAIEAMOANALUA LIBRARY' LIBRARY KONA (KAILUA) (KEALAKEKUA) KONA 14, HAWAII LIBRARY *KEAAU-0C/S C/SPAHOALIBRARY OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES *PROPOSEDDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION "PLANNING STAGE STATE OF HAWAII Ar/NAALEHU C/S LIBRARY' LIBRARYPAHALA C/S Figure 20 i. DOLE KALIHI KALIHI-UKA PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND /,.... r.:".. -... KALIHI-WAENA\ LINAPUNI \ \KAEWAi .., , 111 IIP ' ./LANAKILAI LIKELIKE KAPALAMA NUUANU SCHOOL DISTRICTS ON HAWAII z..*/ 0,/ FARRINGT 1.0 FERN \L.\ \ N 1. .j I KAULUWELA i MAEMAE KAWANANAKOAlb,/ .,.PAUOA _CENTRAL MANOA NOELANI HOKULANI WAILUPE ELEMENTARYOA H & INTER. U KAHUKU-1. .7-i.-LINCOLN ROYAL erg.11117pAANLU0LEN0UE VALLEY A INTERMEDIATE & H. S. LAIE A E-- ROOSEVELT STEVENSON / JARRETT, LI LI 1 SOOL NA N 1 KALANIAINA HAINA HIGH SCHOOL 414-- HAUULA PUUHALE KALAKAUA 1 el_still.KAAHUMANU LINEKONA * SPECIAL SCHOOLS ELEMENTARY/INTER./H. S. HALEIWA "r,/1 IA KALIHI KAI KAIULANI I i^riv ,:14,0 WAIALAE KAHALA Or- V. AIALuo, 71,,t KAAAWA HAL A POH&UkKKAINiNLAEy. WASHINGTON I 144 1/4 low/ 411 LKAIMUKI LILIUOKALANI E...... WAHIAWA KAPUNA LUNAKLuILHOicb i4::\ HELEMANO I AH1 . . B EN PARKERKANEOHE ALAKWAtAjmEl KAIMUKI LLIi \ . SOL OVON HALE WHEELER -1. KUL'allNT W. 1 Ke.>AALA 211:wLAEHILIEAHLA6 1 ILi,,. . WAIAHOLE --...... A CASTLE PUOHALA MOKAPU AIKAHI FOR THE DEAF 8 BLIND HAWAII/ SCHOOL WAIKIKI LIHOLIHO r. wHEELER 41-KI 111..../MILILANI-WAENA WAIMALU . . KAHALUKUIN-41G...... ' MAKAHA ' WAIANAE WAIANAE KUNIA MANANA "ND APAPA" HIGHLANDSPALISADES -IPA-A. -= PEARL______; A1EA AIEA WEBLING HEEIA -...... , , KAINALU KAILUA KALAHEO HILLSIDE MAIL!WAIANAE -- -A 4 ..... AHRENS PEARLLEHUA CITY -----04 P C HIGHLANDS ------.10 /ye /1/4 ....,,/SCOTT / `. RED HILL ...... AlEA ../ MOANALUA...... _inKAILUA KAILUA .-1111111 . LANIKAI .ENCHANTEDKEOLU LAKE NANAIKA HONOWAIWAIPAHU ------"Ili SALT LAKE allII RADFOR ,A... MOANALUA ...MAUNAWILI mH AA'FNTuE R .... .,, -. --.... OLOMANAIn .. NP--- POPE III/ 71."'"-, WAIMANALO ' NANAKULI' WAIPAHUWAIPAHU iCI)...411174 d MAKAKILO BARBERS P T --4... , EWA CAMPBELL ---.. IumA . A IRoouois PT NIMITZ PEARL HARBOR ,- 0 N NIU VALLEY HAHAIONE EWA BEACH\i"..3.0.a..lo/VHICKAM POrIAKEA /3 PEARL MOKULELE1114ALIAMANUMAKALAPA SEE INSERT ABOVE FOR A-- E.'sKAISER KOKO HEAD OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF HARBOR KAI EDUCATION STATE OF HAWAII OCTOBER 1971 ENLARGED DETAIL OF THIS AREA Figure 21

PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE HAWAII SCHOOLDISTRICT

KOHAL A (K-12) 0 HALAULA (Kohalo Annex) HAWAII HONOKAA (K -12)

PAAUILO (K-9) 0 LAUPAHOEHOE (K-12) WAIMEA (K-9) 0 HILO HI 110121 HAKALAU (1-6)- HILO INT 17.91 HILO UNION IK61 KAPIOLANI IK61 KEAUKAHA (K6) KALANIANAOLE (K-9)-0 WAIAKEA EL (K6) KEALAKEHE (K-8) WAIAKEA INT (7.9) HAAHEO (K-6) DE SILVA (K-6) KAUMANA (K-6) HOLUALOA (K-8) WAIAKEAWAENA (K-6) KEAAU 0'KONAWAENA (Y-6) MOUNTAIN VIEW (K-9) --0 0"-KONAWAENA HI & INTER PAHOA (K-12).--0 (7-12) Q .-HONAUNAU (K-8) KEAKEALANI (1-6)° 0---HOOKENA (K-8)

KA'U HI & PAHALA EL (K-11.)

NAALEHU (K-8)

5 0 10 20

MILES

OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES DEPARTMENTOF EDUCATION STATE OF HAWAII OCTOBER 1971 46 r..5: ., 7., Figure 22 MOLOKAI (7-12) KUALAPUU (K-6) PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE MAUI SCHOOL DISTRICT WAIHEE (K-8) --IA° (6-8) BALDWIN (9-12) KAMEHAMEHA III (K-8) WAILUKU (K-5) Maui PAIA (K-8)KEANAEMAUI (9-12) (1-8) LIHIKAI (K-8) AHULUI K-8) 0(:).7C9UUNENE (K-8) MAKAWAO (K-8) HAIKU (K-8) MAUI LAHAINALUNA (9-12) Kahoolawe KIHEI (K-8) 0KULA (K-8) HANA (K-12)° OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE OF HAWAII OCTOBER c2 1971 Figure 23 PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE KAUAI SCHOOL DISTRICT HANALEI (K-6) ...... -0 KILAUEA (K-6) ..---0 0 KAPAA (7-12)(K-6) 0 KAUMAKANI (K-6) WILCOX (K-6)--43 KEKAHA (K-8) WAIMEAWAIMEA (7-12) (K-6) ELEELE (K-8) 0 1 KAUAI 0-KOLOA (K-8) (7-12)° NIIHAUOn 0-8) bland of Niihau KALAHEO (K-8) 5 KAUA I 0 MILES 5ismolommi 10 OFFICE OF LIBRARY SERVICES DEPARTMENT II OF EDUCATION STATE OF HAWAII OCTOBER 1971 FACILITIES CHART: HAWAII STATE LIBRARY SYSTEM FEBRUARY 1972 Figure 2 LIBRARY BUILTYEAR POPULATION''AREA" 1/ ISO. FEET) SITE ISO.BUILDING FEET) SIZE (VOLUMES)CAPACITY SHELF JULYBOOKSTOCK 1.1971(VOLUMES) ADULTREADING SEATS ROOMCHILI) PROF AUTHORIZED STAFF CLERK 2/ MAIN CIRCULATIONANNUALAS OF BOOK 6/30/71 AS OF 6/30/71OPEN/WEEK HOURS MEETINGSEATSROOM PARKINGSTALLSOFF ST. REMARKS HAWAIIOAHU STATE LIBRARY 1929 629,176768.561 86,519 57.379 212.000 284,379 308 50 35 47.50 12 597.463 72 WA WA Overcrowded: Parking AIEA 1964 21,351 34.425 10,724 26.300 29,821 36 32 2 4 1 121.239 57 69 23 Temperature & humid. AINA HAINA 1962 28,651 22.000 11.066 19.500 30.534 91 51 2 4 1 174.902 57 50 12 TotalHawaiiCarpeted: media; Kai Future will Carpeted: provick librar HAWAIIEWA BEACHKAI COMMUNITY-SCHOOL 1971 17,190 N/A 23,150 40.000 - - - 144 62 7 11 2 ------110 45 CONSTRUCTIONTemperature1972-73 & humidi SCh KAHUICU COMMUNITY-SCHOOL 1968 6.822 N/A 8.464 25.000 23.435 54 24 2 5 1 56.326 52.25 55 12 TemperatureTotal media: Carpeted: & humidil n, to.p. KAIMUKIKAILUA 19651960 54.92652.072 43.62744.073 19.59011,500 42.00021.000 55,55739.549 108120 50 53 5 2.501:50 265.811257.635 57 200 86 3320 mayMeetingFuture provide libraryroom some carpeted retieat Wai' KALIHI-PALAMA 1949 70.258 25,742 11,708 40,000 27.537 95 30 3 5 1 99.635 57 84 32 humidityCarpeted: control Temperature KANEOHE 1963 32,408 40.000 11,207 25,528 "40.201 99 55 1 '207.597 57 84 37 Need more shelving LILIHA 1966 41.884 30.213 ' 13.900 32.000 28.900 93 48 4 2 7 4 1 126.220 53 75 29 Temperature & humidit McCULLY-MOILII LI 1969 48,375 27,970 2 STORY16,552 40.500 33.828 117 58 4 6 "2 154.188 52 174 40 TemperaturePartialPartial carpeting media & humidit capacity: MANORPEARL CITY 19661969 27.39814.990 56.20025.830 15.9656.532 60.50013.800 "60.590 30.471 120 52 4026 '6 2 '8 3 2.50 '233.603133.490 6453 111 75 3419 capacityhumidityCarpeted:Expansion control: Temperature restricted Perth CONTINUEDWAHIAWA ON NEXT PAGE 1965 37,329 36.250 10.450 23.000 25.822 66 30 2 3 1 89,324 40 85 21 2/1/ 'Source:Other full-time 1970 Data equivalent, Book and excluding Census StudentHawaiiReport;Hires HSLHelpers - Maintenance: serves and State Exempt Janitors. of Guards and Groundskeepers AreaIncludesREPLACEMENT behind HalfBookmobile driver's -time Guard seat ON ORDER 1972 Figure 25 FACILITIES CHART: HAWAII STATE LIBRARY SYSTEM (CONT'D)BUILDING SHELF BOOKSTOCK REAOING ROOM AUTHORIZEO ANNUAL BOOK HOURS MEETING OFF ST. WAIALUA LIBRARY BUILTYEAR1952 POPULATION"AREA" 1/ 9,171 (SO. FEET) SITE 8,909 ISO. FEET) SIZE 2,672 (VOLUMES)CAPACITY 9,000 JULY 1, (VOLUMES)1971 14,528 AOULT 20 SEATS CHILO 30 PROF STAFF 2/ CLERK 2 MAIN.50 CIRCULATIONAS OF 6/30/71 53.071 AS OF 6/30/71OPEN/WEEK 40 SEATSROOMN/A PARKINGSTALLS N/A expansionAdjoining land and neededparking for REMARKS WAIANAE 1966 24,077 47,171 10,246 25,000 22,924 56 34 - - 2 5 1 61,114 40 128 23 Temperature & humidity corm WAI K I KI KAPAHULU 1952 29,171 114,388 10,963 18,500 31,377 44 32 2 4 1 166,366 57 197 30 BOOKMOBILES:WAIPAHU KANEOHE 1969:1952 Dodge Chassis: Gerstenslager Body 27,649 46,576 9,000""112 15,200 1,500 16,592 40 45 2 2 1 28,83754,427 20 STOPS 40 100 20 Poor location . PEARL CITY 1961; GMC Chassis: Pacific Body Works Body r174 4,000 ------63,610 37 STOPS ------HAWAII 1951 39,53663,468 65,358 28,9402 STORY 121,004 92,817 146 38 7 11 3 211,117 60 N/A 7 3,746 sq. ft. lot purchased for 8 HOLUALOA HAWAII (HILO) 1951 300 5,810 640 3,000 3,736 11 10 - - I - - 7,345 35 N/A 2 Needparking new building oicilyif 80NDHONOKAA MEMORIAL (KOHALA) 19271935 3,3262,829 10,78310,800 1,6101,880 5,8727,544 5,6806,812 2150 1220 .33.33 2 .1713 28.11533,467 47 N/AN/A 03 adjacentSomeRenovated parking market available 1967 at l KEALAKEKUA 1951 8,000 10,833 1,584 6,037 9,069 16 17 1 2 .17 62,037 47 N/A 4 additionalExpansion parkingneressary: space Need LAUPAHOEHOE COMM-SCHOOL 1972 OperatedUNDER as CONSTRUCTIONsubbranchTOTAL MEDIA"of PAHALANAALEHUA COMMUNITY-SCHOOL Rented1963 1,5071,014 - - - 8,400 4,000 95 7,192 625 N/A 5,711 36 4 34 - - 2 .50 30,261 6,477 55 8 N/A 90 Pahala OS Library PAHOA COMMUNITYSCHOOL 1967 1,352 8,000 4,950 11,760 3,915 35 35 - - 2 .35 26,946 55 N/A 12 ToPartial be closedcarpeting upon opening of PARKERPAPAALOA MEMORIAL (WAIMEA) Rented 1951 2,3101,881 - - - 5,775 805420 2,5281,696 5,4244.008 23 7 8 .33 2 .50 38,143 7,455 4720 N/AN/A 12 0 InadequateLaupahoehoe for OSgrowing Library area CONTINUED1/ Source; ON1970 NEXT Data PAGE Book and Census Report; HSL serves State of Includes Bookmobile 2/ Other fulltime equivalent, excluding StudentHiresHawaii Helpers - Meintenence: and Exempt Janitors, Guards and Groundskeepers 00110 I REPLACEMENTAreaIncludes behind Halftime driver's ON Guard seat ORDER 1972 FACILITIES CHART: HAWAII STA7E LIBRARY SYSTEM (CONT'D) Figure 26 LIBRARY BUILTYEAR POPULATION"AREA' 11 ISO. FEET) SITE (SO.BUILOING FEET) SIZE CAPACITY SHELF JULYBOOKSTOCK 1.1971(VOLUMES) xnuLTREADING SEATS ROOMCHILD PROF AUTHORIZE° STAFF CLERK 2. MAIN ANNUALASCIRCULATION OF BOOK 6130/71 AS OF 6.3011OPEN WEEK HOURS MEETING SEATSROOM PARs:NGSTALLSOFF ST. REMARKS BOOKMOBILES: HILO 1964 GMC Chassis: Gardena:per Body '''145 ()mums) 2,800 8,762 N/A N/A 1 2 - - 36.769 48 STOPS - - - - HAMAKUAKOHALAKONA 19711969 DodgeInternational Chassis: Chassis Gerstenslager Body " 112 1.500 - - - N/A N/A - - 2 - - 20.367 42 STOPS - - - - KAUAI 1969 29.761 9,907 53.330 17,182 60,000 42.719 66 5 8 1.50 89.529 60 33 TemperatureTotal media: Carpeted: & humidity conic( KAUAI ILIHUE) 1950 6.883 39,207 1,977 7.000 10,887 16 39 2 1 41,016 40 N/A 9 Carpeted: Need to be expanded HANAPEPE 1955 4,948 10,000 12.695 32 18 - - 2 1 52.397 40 70 16 Expanded in MR ' KAPAA 8,575 43,560 -- 1 38 60 12 Carpeted finQ; WAIMEA -cm BOOKMOBILE: LIHUE 19691960 Dodge Chassis: Gerstenslager Body 4.159 26.134 "'112 1724 11,000 1,400 11.617 8.187 N/A44 NfA 8 --- - 32 - - 44,71146.384 24 STOPS NIA - - MAUI 46.156 1 Renova ted 1963: Serious parkin MAUI ( WAILUKU) . 1930 11.318 22.066 10,075 30,00054,000 30.98145,563 5732 3227 35 9.903.20 . 1.50 89,52189.457 5254 200N/A 30 0 Toproblem become Regional Library up KAHULUI 1962 14.166 66,556 11,862 1 Newbuilding site expansionneeded: Parking LAHAINA Rented 1956 2.2045.524 14.82819.031 4.9081.400 5,0008.280 1 3.0839.607 20 28 8 1 .50 .251 27.089 8.303 4019 N/A 50 07 PlanningCernmundy-Schooldesperate stage Library in LANAI 42 28 - - 1 2 .50 38.769 43 70 18 Partial media: Carpeted: MOLOKAIMAKAWAO 19371969 5.0897,855 58,25326,696 3,6275,632 10,0006,000 7.2858.489 24 24 .50 16.459 35 NA 6 Temperature & humidity contro BOOKMOBILES: WAILUKU 1964 GM Chassis: Gerstenslager Body 2.500 6.662 N/A N/A - - 1 1 - - 22,719 26 STOPS N/A - - MOLOKAI 1960 Gerstenslager Body i"130 85 1,600 - - - N/A N/A ------6.405 2 STOPS N/A - - 2/ Other1/ Source: fulltime 1970 equivalent, Data Book excluding end Census Student HiresHawaiiReport: Helpers - Maintenance: HSL endserves Exempt State Janitors. of Guards and Groundskeepers AreaIncludesREPLACEMENT behind BookmobileHalftime driver's Guard seat ON ORDER 1972 FROMPREPARED 1970. BY71 PUBLICSTATISTICS LIBRARY BRANCH Hawaii. Department of Education. REFERENCE Adult Education. Program Guides. SOURCES Hawaii. Department of Education. Foundation Program for the Public Schools of Hawaii. 1969. Bank of Hawaii, Department of Busi- Hawaii. Department of Education. Of- ness Research, Annual Economic Report, fice of Library Services. Planning for Librar- Honolulu, 1970. ies in Hawaii, a comprehensive statewide City and County of Honolulu, General planning and feasibility study for public li- Plan, Oahu, Honolulu, 1964. braries and joint school and public library Community Profile Study of Oahu facilities. Honolulu, 1967. CAP Target Areas, 1968. Hawaii. Department of Education. Of- Hawaii Department of Social Services fice of Instructional Services. Adult Educa- and Housing, Statistics in Public Welfare, tion program guide, official publication. etc., November 1970 and Department of Honolulu, 1972. Social Services Cases per Census Tract by Hawaii. Department of Education. Of- Category, March 17, 1971. fice of Library Services. Proposed Stand- Hawaii. Commission on Children and ards for School Library Media Programs: Youth. Emerging problems of children and Guidelines for Schools in Hawaii. youth and the role of the State Commission Hawaii. Department of Planning and on Children and Youth. Honolulu, 1967. Economic Development. Comprehensive Hawaii. Commission on Manpower Outdoor Recreation Plan. 1970. and Full Employment. Report of the ...State Hawaii. Department of Planning and Immigration Service Center. January, 1972. Economic Development. Governor's Agri- Hawaii. Commission on Manpower culture Coordinating Committee. Oppor- and Full Employment. Welfare and Unem- tunities for Hawaiian Agriculture; Agricul- ployment in Hawaii. (Transmitted to the tural Development Plan, 1970. Governor, January, 1972). Hawaii. Department of Planning and Hawaii. Cor !mission on Manpower Economic Development. Hawaii and the Sea. and Full Employment. Welfare and Unem- (Report to the Governor's Task Force on ployment in Hawaii, 1972. Oceanography) 1969. Hawaii. Hawaii Committee on Drug Hawaii. Department of Planning and Abuse. Report of the Hawaii Committee on Economic Development. Hawaii Tourism Im- Drug Abuse. January, 1971. pact Plan; Volume 1: Statewide Tourism Hawaii. Department of Budget and Fi- in Hawaii. Honolulu, 1972. nance and Department of Personnel Serv- ices. Conference on Program Evaluation, 5- Hawaii. Department of Plannning and Year Goals and Fiscal Year Program Budg- Economic Development. Population Projec- eting. Princess Kaiulani Hotel, Honolulu, tions; State of Hawaii General Plan Revision June 21, 22, 23, and 24, 1965. Program, Part 4. Honolulu, 1967. Hawaii. Department of Budget and Fi- Hawaii. Department of Planning and nance. The Executive Budget for the Fiscal Economic Development. Shaping the Future: Biennium 1971-1973; Part I: The Operating A Legislative Program to 'Enhance the En- Budget. vironmental Quality of Hawaii.' (A Special Report on the Comprehensive Open Space Hawaii. Department of Budget and Fi- Plan) January, 1972. nance. The Social Problems Program for the Period 1970-71 to 1977-78, Volume 1. (Sub- Hawaii. Governor's Conference on the mitted to the Sixth State Legislature, 2nd Year 2000; Preliminary Task Force Reports. Regular Session). December, 1971. Honolulu, August 5-8, 1970. Hawaii. Report of the Temporary Legislative Reference Bureau, Univer- Commission on Population Stabilization. sity of Hawaii. Hawaii Constitutional Con- Honolulu, January, 1972. (Governor's Mes- vention Studies; Article VIII: Public Health sage No. 12). and Welfare. Honolulu, July, 1968. Hawaii Council of Churches. Decisions Legislative Reference Bureau, Univer- '69; a penetrating look at some of the crucial sity of Hawaii. Hawaii Constitutional Con- issues affecting life in Hawaii. Edited by vention Studies; Article IX: Education (Pub- Larry Jones. Honolulu, 1969. lic Education) Volume 1. Honolulu, July, 1968. Health and Community Services Legislative Reference Bureau, Univer- Council of Hawaii. A Study of Immigrant sity of Hawaii. Hawaii Constitutional Con- and Alien Resident Problems and Services, vention Studies; Article X: Conservation and and of the YWCA International Institute. Development of Resources, Article XI: Ha- Honolulu, July, 1970. waiian Home Lands. Honolulu, July 1968. Honolulu. City Demonstration Agen- State of Hawaii Comprehensive Man- cy. 1.1odel Cities Comprehensive Program, power Plan, fiscal year 1971 and fiscal year City and County of Honolulu: Kalihi-Palama 1972. gram Approaches. (Part I, vol. 2) 1969. UnivLsity of Hawaii, College of Honolulu. City Demonstration Agen- Health Sciences and Social Welfare, Faculty cy. Model cities comprehensive program, Committee. Narcotic Addiction and Reha- City and county of Honolulu: Kalihi-Palama bilitation in Hawaii; a study to develop a model neighborhood area, Waianae-Nana- state program for the rehabilitation of per- kuli model neighborhood area. 1969, 3 pt. in sons addicted to or in imminent danger of 5 vol. Part III Five-year objectives and becoming addicted to, narcotics. Final Re- fiscal needs. port, 6/15/71. John Howard Association of Hawaii. The Waikiki Jungle; a community A proposal of the John Howard Association study by the members of a Seminar in Coop- for Hawaii's adult correctional program. erative General Education, Interdisciplinary Honolulu, 1970. Studies 198-199. Honolulu, 1969. PART II LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS TITLE I TITLE II TITLE III

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,! within $glpelf I yi Aur4d#14,4f1 OVERVIEW OF LONG-RANGE PROJECTS Proposed long-rangeprojects members, advisory commission which the Hawaii StateLibrary members, and others in developing Administrative Agency recognizes these programs. as those that are designed to meet Projects should be planned and valid needs of the statewide library submitted to the State Librarian for system are described in this section. approval by April 30, annually. To be These projects are categorized considered for approval all elements in terms of possible qualification of the project, including statement under the Library Services and Con- of need, statement ofobjectives, struction Act P.L. 91-600, Title I, II, descriptionofmajoractivities, and III. budget information, project evalua- tiondesign,operational program Valuable input was received plan and other details must be com- from programmers, advisory council plied with.

'4.4.4-4.1..-5121... %IN, IV

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o 4 A,. 3'44/I- JAr . rt.; ",i.`"-"Artu 4.040'4" 4.4/1.falf'.:-.3"1.-?oZ1'.'41314:.'$.1V.. '414;414'3144)1' Front entranceMakawao Library, Maui 54 SAMPLES State or Department of Education Division or Library Services .11 ell or Ware.. P. 0. Box 2.160 PPPPP 9? Of 1.0uColoOto leen!. 1. Ilonolislu. 1ht..aii swot OFFICE OF THE STATE LIBRARIAN Memo: Subject: Library Services and Construction Act TitleI 041" I II..." 1V C Ats to Al t PPPPPI I . epyNO1,0la et lon Project Applications

et tech*. be.le, ey..1 It % leo bi. woelbled Theattachedprojectapplicationshouldhe and OtliNillt4 totI obtte el, the *lob It I completed and submitted for Library Servicesand 1.11. e)e.. Construction Act Title 1 projects. t, OPtttttt fh, .,irel .06 Of tttttt proPkvio. PIease refer to criteria for selection ofannual tdo.t we be4let Setae .11 be led lot projects. "las eval bode. ...free. ton. Department of Education budget forms must be used for required budget information.

Oet Do feet ?Slit. 2. Date.

Project Title:

4ust.tim..r. Brief Statement of Need:

U!.trtt.! ...vt.v2)11 3. 0. tot., I ....id..t...... l.tol ob).11... e II..ts. tb.I Ng haoe.Plot, Statement of Objectives:

IO OV....doh. oft..14 TO WO,. I (Arc the project objectives in accord with goal:4 an, ol itI and objectives as set forth in the I lawaii Long- Range Pla)? To what extent is statewide consensus evident on importance of theproject?)

Brief Description of Major Activities to Achieve Above tttttel.Iwo..el121.net.. Objectives: jr ttttttt

ttttt 1olotee.U2st Budget Information:

f sod moa -t (Expenditure plan covering salaries of personnel - f ttt e also number of professional and non-professional eta, tttttt .11/. ttttt I owl Oh. tttttttt employees requiredcost of contractual services, travel, equipment purchases and/or rental and other expenses.) t ...... lot eh s jnameo Please use attached Department of Education Budget forms (Ur this purpose

I.! t 11.1 t I.ht I. BO OV ...... ON Project Evaluation Design: (Brier description of nuI.Iu tobe usedin evaluating the project.) r)r)

. 65 61.11.M.1.1 Form(DE DD-1Narrative) OPERATIONAL PROGRAM PLAN ProgramDivisionDepartment Education I1st Quarter FISCAL YEAR Sundry Code 2nd Quarter ActivityDate 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter sr olc VA Form BD-2 FISCAL YEAR BUDGET DETAILS ActivityProgramDivisionSundry Code A. CostNumber of Positions of Positions Allotment let Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. PartHourly Time Total "A" . Telephone.PostageEducationalStationeryOther Current & TollsMeter && OfficeScientificExpenses &Rental Cables Supplies Supplies FreightHireSubsistenceTransPrivate of ortation 6Passenger DeliveryCar - Mileage- CarsCharges ntra Stace ntra State AdvertisingExpendableRepairsPrinting & 6 Maintenance &SuppliesBinding Publication - Office ni Nr:ices k:qui2F.enc Motor Vehicle H.C. MotorEquipment Vehicle Total "B" Wesers in duplicate, WORKSHEET TO mum= FUNDS NEEDED PERSONAL SERVICES Budget Code Form BR-A-1 FISCAL TZAR Use separate sheet for each Please check( Current(appropriate ExpansionWorkload Services Increase line Posiyion Title & No. Name of incumbent 'Salary Range Julyand Step LL Increment Date July-Sept QUARTERLY SALARY REQUIREMENTS Oct -Dec Jam Mar Apr -June Total. Source FiNANCINC*PRAMS AmountOF

.....-- . . +State onlyRound off mounts tc nearest dollar. exceptions. Totals That is, only for position. financed by other than General Funds. (Prepare in duplicate) Form BR-C-1R A. FOR REPLACEMENTS WORKSHEET FOR DETERMINING FUNDS NEEDED FISCAL YEAR FOR EQUIPMENT ActivityBudget Code Priority No. Description PurchasedEquip. WasDate Old UnitPerCost Qty. TotalCost To Be Replace.QuarterMad Reason for Re lacement

. Note: RoundList(See offby Form prioritiesamount BR-C-1N to the andfor nearest numberNew Equipment). the Total Replacements dollar. priorities. Take into consideration both replacements and new equipment as one list. Ism.. 4 7 774..76.4 ....11 (ovenPro in duplicate) Budget Code Form BR-C-1N B EQUISW EOUIPMENT WORKSHEET FOR DETERMINING FUNDS NEEDED FOR EQUIPMENT FISCAL YEAR Activity Priority No. Description UnitCostPer Oty. CostTotal PurchasedQuarter To Be Reason for Need and What It Will Accomplish

I Total - New Equipment Note: Roug:d(SeeList Foroffby prioritiesamount to nearestand number dollar. the priorities. BR -C -1R for Replacements.) Take into consideration both replacements and new equipment as one list. - Furm BR-B-1 (Prepare in duplicate) Budget Code

Activity

WORKSHEET TO DSTERNINE FUNDS NEEDED EDUCATIONAL,SCIENT1FIC SUBSCRIPTIONS (Do not include book purchases over $5.00)

Subscription Date Quarterly Expenditures Title of Subscription Repewal lj lr. Date Cost 1 -Y 3

1140 Round off amounts to nearest dollar. 61 71 (Prepare in duplicate) Form DR-B-2

Budget Code

WORKSHEET TO DETERMINE FUNDS NEEDED

FOR MILEAGE Individual's Name FISCAL YEAR Position Title A. General statement of purpose.

B. Computation of cost @ 12c per mile.

QUARTERLY REQUIREMENTS

1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total

To: Miles Amt. Miles Amt. Milesi Amt. Miles Amt. Miles Amt. District Office

State Office

Schools

Others

TOTAL

C. If your request is greateror less than that of the previous year, please state reasons for increase or decrease in trips.

Note: 1) To be completed by each individual planning to claim mileage.

2) All of these should be summarized and entered onto Form BR-B- Mileage.

3) Round off amounts to nearest dollar.

62 Form BR-B-3

Budget Code

Activity

WORLSHZET TO DETERMINH FUNDS NEEDED FOR INTER-ISLAND TRAVEL FISCAL YEAR Individual's Name

A) Purpose of travel Mat do you intend to accomplish?) Position Title

B) Are your planned trips greater or less than thepresent year? If so, state the reasons for increase or decrease in trips.

Plane Fare Per Diem From No. of Coat No. of U-Drive Tripe Per Trip AmountSys Amount & Others Total 1st Quarter To: Kauai Oahu Maui Hawaii

Total .- 2nd Quarter To: Kauai Oahu Maui Hawaii

Total

3rd Quarter To: Kauai Oahu Maui Hawaii

Total ... Ia. 4th Quarter To: Kauai Oahu Maui Hawaii

Total ,,....-... Dread Tot A 140.0mm. Nets: Use separate sheets for each person planning to take a trip. Round off amounts to neareet dollar. 63 73 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ANNUAL PROJECTS 1. LEGALITY. Is the project authorized by project in terms of applicability in other Federal and State laws and local govern- locations in the state? The nation? ing authorities e.g., county, municipal and/or appropriate Boards? 6. LOCAL MANAGEMENT CAPACITY. What is the competency of personnel and 2. GOAL-RELATED. Are the projects ob- adequacy of facilities to administer the jectives in accord with goals and objec- project? tives set forth in the long-range program? To what extent is statewide con- 7. INTERAGENCY COOPERATION. Does sensus evident on importance of the the project reflect a concerted approach? project? (State Association, etc.) Community oriented? Not duplication of effort, etc.? 3. FEASIBILITY. Does the project have a reasonable chance to succeed? Is there 8. EVALUATION. What provisions are evidence of local commitment to continue made for evaluation? Procedure? Re- the project? Are local and state funds in porting? the offing? 9. CAPACITY TO MONITOR. Does the 4. POPULATION SERVED. How many peo- State Agency have the ability and time ple will have an opportunity to benefit to monitor the project? from the project? How many of these are from low-income families? From 10. POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS. Is the ethnic groups? project free of political bias? Lend to geographic balance of outside benefits to 5. REPLICABILITY. How significant is the localities?

Avid readersMcCully-Moiliili Library

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64 Regional libraries shall have a basic TITLE I PROJECTS core of at. least 125,000 titles, 10,000 titlesinnon-circulating collection, 5,000 sound recordings, 500 educa- STRENGTHENING THE tional films, substantial collection of STATE LIBRARY current U.S. and Hawaii State Gov- ADMINISTRATIVE ernment Documents, periodicals and AGENCIES newspapers. Audio-visual materials and equipment and other new media as developed Legal Reference: Library Services and Con- shall be provided. (Materials associa- struction Act, P.L. 91-600 Sec. 2(A), Title I ted with teaching machines, closed cir- Sec. 101; Sec. 102(B) (1) (2) as amended cuit and education television shall be available.) GOAL State Li.. Branch shall have a To provide all residents of the State of basic collection of 750,000 volumes Hawaii free adequate* library services and to and shall serve as a Resource Center. provide supportive library services to branch Staff services quantitatively and ilali- libraries and to residents with no other ac- tatively shall be provided for appro- cess to library services. priate use of collections materials and *Adequate Library Service for the State of equipment. Hawaii as defined in the Basic State Plan Comprehensivefacilitiesplanning 1971 shall mean that: shall be based on the needs, objectives, Every resident of the State shall have and program requirements of future free library service available through and present library services. an outlet in his local community by a bookmobile, deposit station, branch library or community/school library. Every resident of the State shall have OBJECTIVES access through his local outlet to the To provide minimum personnel for the full range of modern library facilities following: (1) to administer employee rela- provided by the State and Federal li- tions and benefit services, including the up- brary agencies. grading of in-service training program for The local library outlet shall have suf- professional and clerical personnel; (2) to im- ficient resources to enable it to provide plement provisions of contracts under the the most frequent requested material collective bargaining law; (3) to upgrade ac- from its collection. counting and business services; (4) to pro- The local outlet shall be as easy to vide minimal electronic data processing reach and as easy to use as a local services for the Office of Library Services shopping center. including but not limited to central ordering, processing, cataloging, indexing and others; Adequate reference library service (5) to provide evaluation and planning serv- shall be understood to exist when 90% ices. (See Title II for central facilities); (6) to or more of referencetransactions provide support services for the Hawaii State shall be satisfactorily completed. The Department of Educationmasterplan reference and interloan network shall through planning and multimedia produc- help to create a 90% service factor tion services on a statewide basis; (7) to pro- in this area. vide planning for coordinated use of all ed- Community libraries shall have a basic ucational media to support curriculum pro- collection of 25,000 volumes or 5 books grams in the Hawaii State Department of per Capita, whichever is greater. Education. CONSTRAINTS 2. The library's client must be reached; 1. Statewide Information Systems capabili- the client must be considered. ties and workload. 3. Full response to needs of library clientele. 2. Fiscal 3. Restrictions on establishing and filling of III. Request funds in the next biennium positions. (1973-75) IIV. Develop total in-service training with 4. Contractual Office of Personnel Services, Depart- 5. Collective bargaining ment of Education and the Hawaii State 6. Time Department of Personnel Services. Workshops and seminars in: 1. Business procedures,regulations, IMPLEMENTATION policies. 1ST INCREMENT 2. Personnel procedures, regulations, rules, policies and rights. IN ORDER TO MEET OBJECTIVES 1-5, 3. Total media trends and development. the following projects should be implemen- 4. Indexing and abstracting. ted: I. Justifications and or rejustification of 5. Circulation systems. positions needed. 6. Knowledge and utilization of tools. Evaluation and Planning revision. 7. Public service image. 1. Deputy to the State Librarian. 8. Role of Library System as a part of the Department of Education. 2. Program specialists and technicians in personnel, welfare, training and 9. Managerial skills. business. 10. Clerical skills. 3. Specialist qualified to evaluate and 11. Others as identified. designate categories in books and to V. Evaluate and update long-range plan on develop book lists,catalog tech- an on-going basis. niques. Develop Annual Plan for following II. Contract for systems development with year. the Office of Library Services: VI. Validate Basic State Plan and Long Range A. Through Department of Education Plan. Planning,Statewide Information Serv- ices, Department of Budget and Fi- nance, Office of the Governor. B. Develop time frame. (Sec Program on Centralized Processing Center) 2ND INCREMENT C. Inventory of all required tools to make services functional. I. Evaluation of systems development. D. Determine user needs and how they A. Accomplishments within time frame. will be met. (User may be identified as B. Validation of systems out put in terms Office of Library Services or Depart- of contract, orders, invoicing, cancel- ment of Education staff or library cli- lations, backorders, management re- ents) porting, etc. 1. User's requirements must have first II. Possible expansion or curtailment of sys- priority; desires of personnel must tem throughout Office of Library Serv- fully serve the users. ices. Evaluation of in-service training on an to distribute guidelines for equipment pur- on-going basis. chases. A. Expand The objectives of the SCHOOL LI- B. Maintain at current level BRARY SERVICES SECTION are: to provide leadership for the development of a C. Curtail statewide school library program; to work IV. Evaluate and update long-range pro- with the Centralized Processing staff on program on an on-going basis. cedures schools;:se for ordering library Develop Annual Plan fir following year. books; to cooperate with district and other state-level personnel to ensure good library V. Validate Basic State Plan and Long Range facilities, collections and services to support Plan. curriculum; to revise, clarify and up-date library procedures; to provide technical assistance in developing library programs and as- 3RD, 4TH, 5TH INCREMENT sisting librarians in promoting the use of school libraries; to provide consultative as- Continue evaluation, expansion, mod- sistance in planning or remodeling of library ification, or curtailment of programs. facilities; to provide technical assistance in compiling subject bibliographies; to coordinate the mechanism for the evaluation of SCHOOL LIBRARIES AND books and other print materials; to assist INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS librarians in improvement and maintenance BRANCH of collections; to assist district offices by recommending allotments for school library IN ORDER TO MEET OBJECTIVE 7 book budgets; to provide coordination for the School Libraries and Instructional Ma- federal aid and other special programs to terials Branch is designed for the following: schools; to act as liaison between schools to provide planning for coordinated use of all and public libraries, between schools and educational media to support curriculum the State Centralized Processing Center; to programs in the Hawaii State Department of provideopportunitiesforprofessional Education; to ahalyze school needs in regard growth in areas pertinent to librarians; and to print and non-print materials, media facil- to provide for continuous evaluation, revision ities, equipment and personnel; to promote and implementation of State standards for implementation of State standards for school school media centers. media centers; to develop criteria and pro- The objectives of the ELEMENTARY cedures for evaluation of media programs; AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT, TI- to provide media-related consultative serv- TLE II SECTION are: to provide school ices as requested; and to coordinate staff library resources for the benefit of children participation in joint school and public li- and teachers inallpublic and private brary activities. schools; to coordinate the program with The objectives of the AUDIOVISUAL other federal and state educational pro- SERVICES SECTION are: to provide 16mm grams; to develop a State Plan to sup- films primarily to all public schools in the plement and enrich the curriculum; to de- State of Hawaii; to maintain year round pro- termine quotas based on relative needs for gram of film evaluation; to provide audio- equitable distribution of resources. tape duplicating services; to coordinate pro- Prime objective of MEDIA SERVICES cedures for evaluation of nonbook materi- SECTION is to coordinate closely with the als; to serve as consultants to state, district, Hawaii State Library Branch staff personnel and school personnel on school media utili- responsible for Program Outreach, Services zation and practices; tocooperate with to the Handicapped and State Institutions, districts in providing in-service training; to and Interlibrary Cooperation in planning coordinate. the evaluation I )f equipment and joint public and school library projects.

"7 '77 Projected level of funding for the of Education master plan through planning School Libraries and Instructional Materials and multimedia production services on a Branch follows: statewide basis; printing and graphic arts 1972-73 $735,272 production services; direct assistance to 1973-74 772,035 teachers and other Department of Education 1974 -75 810,636 personnel with production of audiovisual 1975-76 851,167 aids; to help with the mechanical operation 1976-77 893,725 of audiovisual equipment to improve their presentations; distribution services for De- partment of Education publications and 1 media materials developed by TAC to TEACHER ASSIST CENTER schools, libraries, and individual requesters. IN ORDER TO MEET OBJECTIVES TAC assists teachers and other Depart- 6.7 The Teacher Assist Center (TAC) an or- ment of Education personnel with editing- ganization component of the Office of Li- rewrite service to further improve communi- brary Services is designed to provide support cation; furnishes school library and public services to the instructional program and library facility planners with detail recom- state and district offices and to provide mendations to improve functional use of me- reproduction and consultative services, on a dia and media production; provides a micro- statewide basis, to all divisions of the De- film service center for the Department and partment of Education including Public and for the Hawaii State Library System; main- institutional libraries. tains a library for parents of exceptional The primary function of the Teacher children to assist and guide in the selection Assist Center is to provide statewide sup- and use of specialized material, and a pro- port services to teachers, Department of Ed- fessional and special collection of media, ucation district and State office personnel, hardware and software,for use by the public and institutional libraries, to include Department produced by TAC from teacher reproduction services of print and multi- requests and/or commercially produced, and media materials, consultative and planning to provide assistance and guidance in the servicesforeffective media utilization, selection and use of such materials. graphic services, distribution services of TAC participates with the Office of print and multimedia materials, specialized Library Services specialists in planning and library services, technical and maintenance coordinating the construction and/or refur- services. bishing andutilization of library/media Through the network of the Hawaii centers in State institutions; provides tech- State Library System, TAC maintains an op- nical, maintenance and duplication services erational staff of specialists and technicians for a variety of media equipment and forms to conduct a variety of services printing, (video, audio, projection); serves as con- multimedia duplication, facility planning, sultants and specialists to the Department, graphics, distribution, library, production, schools, districts, state divisions, wherever technical and maintenance. These facilities media services are requested, and works and staff personnel are available by appoint- with media/resource center personnel in ment after regular school hours, on Saturdays school and district complexes for planning, once a month, and twelve months a year. coordinating and producing various multi- In addition, to insure maximum use of staff media projects. and facilities, TAC provides all State agen- TAC coordinates service activities cies and branches of the Department of Ed- with district and State office representatives; ucation with in-service workshops and train- maintains a pressroom with facilities for ing programs throughout the year. printing, duplicating, collating, simple bind- The program objectives of TAC are: to ing, stitching, and shipping; maintains a provide support services for the Department graphic arts production center and photo-

is graphic darkroom with equipment and ma- and public library planners consult with TAC terials to produce all types of illustrations, personnel; the extent to which public and text and display typography, photography, institutional libraries utilize TAC services; negatives in line and half-tone for offset li- and the extent to which microfilm services thography; direct assistance is given to cur- are requested and the degree to which job riculum planners for economic and effective requests are completed. publications and the production of other media such as audio and video tapes, slides Unit cost measures and other budget- and other forms of transparencies. ary standards will be maintained monthly TAC maintains afacility where in comparable form. Reports will be made to teachers may "walk-in" and have available requisitioners in detail concerning materials for their use special equipment and supplies used and staffing time expended on each job for production of educational materials. requested. Periodic summary reports are made to requisitioner. TAC assists with in-service training in technology and use of equipment and ma- Trends seen in the annual report indi- terials; provides technical consultative serv- cate the need for increased reprographic ices and furnishes drawings and written services as volume requests steadily increase. specifications when appropriately requested Additional staffing will be needed in order to for Department of Accounting and General deliver the expanded services TAC has as- Services, facility planners from other offices, sumed special library microfilming, du- and from directors of State institutions, spe- plications, maintenance services, etc. re- cial libraries, learning centers and schools: quests for printing have increased and the and maintains a microfilming laboratory trend will continue. To meet this increase answering job requests of libraries through- equipment replacements may be necessary. out the Department of Education's system. TAC services will continue to be on a state- TAC's target group is the 9,670 public wide basis, especially for the mass produc- school teachers servicing 183,000 students tion needs. in the State; the 7 school district' offices of the Department; the State Department of TAC will budget for maintaining at Education office Administration (Superin- least the current level of services for the next tendent) and the 5 other divisions; and the fiscal year and project for the workload in- 129 public and institutional libraries. creases for subsequent years. Production (print and non-print) services will be on a The measures of program effective- statewide basis. ness of TAC include: the extent to which teachers, district and state personnel utilize LEVEL OF FUNDING Teacher As- TAC services (printing and multimedia); the sist Center, Office of Library Services quantity and quality of materials produced in support of individual teacher projects and 1st Year $ 884,837 for district and state office requests; the ex- 2nd Year 942,837 tent to which direct teacher services are ren- 3rd Year 1,016,978 dered and the degree to which TAC facilities 4th Year 1,067,826 are used by them; the extent to which school 5th Year 1,067,826

69 T

STATE INSTITUTIONAL LIBRARY/MEDIA CENTERS TAC Cooperative Services Under LSCA Title 1 Program 1970.71

KAUAI

1. KAUAI VETERANS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 2. SAMUEL MAHELONA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

OAHU 3.HAWAII STATE HOSPITAL MOLOKAI 4.HAWAII SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF 15. KALAUPAPA SETTLEMENT AND THE BLIND 5. HALE MOHALU MAUI 6. HAWAII STATE PRISON 16. HALE MAKUA 7. MALUHIA HOSPITAL 17. KULA SANATORIUM 8.HAWAII YOUTH CORRECTIONAL 18. LAHAINALUNA HIGH SCHOOL FACILITY 19.OLINDA HONOR CAMP 9.LEAH' HOSPITAL 10. WAIMANO TRAINING SCHOOL HAWAII AND HOSPITAL 11. SHRINER'S HOSPITAL 20.HILO HOSPITAL 12. BOOTH MEMORIAL HOME 21. KONA HOSPITAL 13. LUNAULO HOME 22. KULANI HONOR CAMP 14. HALE HO'OMALU 23. HONOKAA HOSPITAL

TAC personnel worked cooperatively with Mrs. Lydia Ranger to develop support services for the institutional libraries which come under the jurisdiction of the Office of Library Services. Services include detail planning for renovations and recommendation for purchases of media and equipment. for programing motivational activities. book talks and record concerts, and coordinating community participation.

Shown on this map is a complete listing of the Hawaii State Institutional Libraries receiving this service.

70 A demonstration utilizing elose-circuit facilities in the Humanities Room of the liahuku Community/School Library 71 81 16=441RP-7.',1`74..'e;qi r

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Above: TAC television facilities provide tapes for wide distribution

r I 4

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Above: Total media services being utilized at the Kahuku Community/School Library

72 Individuals from community utilizing a library production center

PROPOSED MEDIA RESOURCE capabilities for audiovisual services such PROGRAM FOR THE STATE as: (1) listening areas for individuals and groups; (2) viewing areas for individuals and LIBRARY SYSTEM OF HAWAII groups; (3) microfilming and microform du- In order to comply with the Board of plication; (4) necessary software, equipment, Education's directive to the Office of Library and furniture; and (5) supportive elements Services, for upgrading the Total Media De- such as a repair and maintenance program, livery System of the Libraries, the Teacher minor renovation to buildings (i.e. installa- Assist Center was designated to initiate and tion of electricaloutlets), and supplying coordinate a statewide library media pro- cleaning and miscellaneous materials. gram. The projected program is designed to The proposed software standards for provide libraries with physical facilities and this program are: Audio Cassettes 600 Ti-

73 ties per Library; Filmstrips 500 Titles per of presentational media at community/ Library; Filmstrips with Synchronized Cas- school libraries. settes 400 Titles per Library; Super 8mm Film Loop Cartridges 300 Titles per Li- FIFTH YEAR brary; and Video Cartridges 50 Titles per The fifth year should complete the ac- Region. quisition of software to meet the proposed The implementation program reflects standards, and normal maintenance contin- the current Hawaii State Library System's ued. plan of media services. The program is designed to continue and expand services al- LEVEL OF FUNDING ready offered in limited degrees at some 1st Year $137,381 libraries. 2nd Year 139,872 3rd Year 151,200 FIRST YEAR 4th Year 204,497 The first year should continue and 5th Year 175,878 expand the present audio cassette program Total $808,827 and establish an in-house microfilm capability at the Teacher Assist Center for statewide service. Provisions are being made to COMPUTER-BASED provide the facilities, renovation, storage, CENTRALIZED PROCESSING equipment and software to carry out the pro- CENTER gram. The program requires at this time, an A/V technician with a capability of operating Legal Reference: Public Law 91-600, and maintaining microform equipment. Section 102 b (2) STRENGTHENING STATE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY SECOND YEAR TARGET AREA: Library patrons and The second year should broaden serv- the people of the State and the Pacific Basin ices for individuals and groups of library through improved services from the CEN- users in the area of filmstrips, slides, micro- TRALIZED PROCESSING CENTER, HA- forms, motion picture, etc. by providing addi- WAII STATE LIBRARY SYSTEM, to librar- tional software and equipment for existing ies within the area. The Centralized Proces- collections. At this time, the program re- sing Center's operations are now manual quires a specialized, experienced audio and but the libraries covered include: video technician capable of maintenance and 1.PUBLIC LIBRARIES: 57 units in repair of media equipment, with an emphasis the Hawaii State Department of on CCTV, to be added to the Teacher Assist Education, Hawaii StateLibrary Center staff to service all the libraries on a System, are given acquisition and statewide basis. processing services. 2. SCHOOL LIBRARIES: 215 libraries THIRD YEAR in the Hawaii State Department of The third year introduces the medium Education public schools are given of loop film on a statewide basis. The library acquisition and processing services. software collection should meet the stand- 64 private schools are given acqui- ards through continued acquisition. The sition and processing services for maintenance program should continue to Elementary Secondary Education support the media program. Act, Title II book purchases only. 3. OTHER LIBRARIES: the Univer- FOURTH YEAR sity of Hawaii libraries exchange The fourth year should provide each catalog cards with the Centralized regional library with television and other me- Processing Center for all local ma- dia facilities comparable to those facilities terials.

7.1 A

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES: Conver- (2) Automatecustomerbitting sion to a computer-based processing center for overdue and lost books. in order to give better services to areas already covered and to expand services to (3) Record and compare circula- other areas. tion statistics. PROGRAM GOALS: The goals are to expand services through data processing in the following: d. REFERENCE. Data processing should enable: 1. PRIMARY SERVICE AREAS: 57 units in the Hawaii State Library (1) Retrieval of bibliographic in- System and 216 public school li- formation from storage. braries. These should find improve- (2) Machine readableindexing ment in: projects. a. ACQUISITION. Data processing (3) Improved interloanservices should include: throughunioncatalogof (1) Order routines. State Library Systemhold- (2) Receipts. ings and union list of serials. (3) Claims. (4) Accounting. 2.SECONDARY SERVICE AREAS: (5) Reporting. librariesoutside of theHawaii State System and the public school Servicesshould beimproved and details such as title-by-title libraries. Improvement of services accounting not possible before should be: will be added for subscribing a. Fastercataloging resulting in libraries. moreefficientdistributionof b. CATALOGING. Data processing catalog cards. shouldincorporate MARC in- b. Union catalog of State Library formation and will provide: Systemholdingsresultingin (1) Union catalog of StateLi- better interloan services. brary System holdings. c. Expansion of processing services (2) Serials listing for the State to the Pacific Basin in order to Library System or a union aid beginning libraries in under- list of serials for all libraries developed countries. in or outside of the system. d. Expansion of processing services Participating libraries should to include libraries in State exe- be able to include serials ac- cutive departments. quisition routines. e. Sharing with other libraries of (3) Standingorderlistingfor bibliographies, awareness serv- State Library System and pub- ices, etc. lic school libraries. JUSTIFICATION: The Centralized c. CIRCULATION. Information Processing Center now serves the acquisi- produced as a result of catalog- tion and processing needs of the subscribing ing should aid in the automating libraries on a minimal basis. The Center is of the circulation system. Data not efficient due to personnel shortage and processing should make it pos- over-strained physical facilities. The Center sible to: does not keep a shelf list for school libraries, (1) Compile statistics on patron does not catalog audio-visual materials, and borrowing habits for acquisi- does not keep detailed accounting for sub- tion and reference purposes. scribing libraries.

75 Data processing will enable the Cen- 2. Increased promptness in the deliv- ter to serve subscribing libraries better and ery of materials to subscribing li- open new services to non-member libraries. braries. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN: Systems 3.Consistency in the processing of analysis, implementation of operations, and materials as compared to manual evaluation should be done by three different methods. firms thus insuring a check by each on the 4. Effective use of available programs procedures. such as MARC. 1972-73 Overall planning, compiling 5. Increased effectiveness in the area bid specifications, awarding of contract to of interloans as measured by speed begin systems analysis. and increase. 1. Methodology: private consultant 6. Amount and diversity of statistical firms. informationavailablefromthe 2. Leveloffunding:$100,000.00 computer, e.g.,time lag between (contract for systems analysis). order and receipt, etc. 1973-74 Continue systems analysis, 7. Customersatisfactionincluding design, program, and test. State Library System staff, other 1. Methodology: private consultant librarians and patrons. firms for systems analysis. 8. Evaluation by librarians from Ha- 2. Level of funding: $75,000.00. waii State Library System, school libraries and other libraries. 1974-76 (two years) Implementation and training. MONITORING SERVICES: The State 1. Methodology: private consultant Librarian should direct the entire program. firm. Consultant services, Hawaii State Library 2. Level of funding: $200,000.00. System iii coordination with appropriate De- 1976-77 Final program adjustments, partment of Education offices and other state final evaluation. agencies should be involved in overall planning and evaluation techniques. The Cen- 1. Methodology: private consultant tralized Processing Center should be respon- study with input from librarians sible for implementation of acquisition and intheStateLibrarySystem, cataloging procedures. The Hawaii State Li- school libraries and other librar- brary staff should work on the implementa- ies. tion of the circulation and reference portions. 2. Level of funding: $50,000.00. EVALUATION: Evaluation should be COORDINATION WITH OTHER LI- done by two methods: BRARIES: Required coordination with other 1. Private consultant study. libraries in the State and the Pacific Basin 2. Continuous staff evaluation during should be managed by Hawaii State Library the program. System. Since a union catalog of State Li- brary System holdings and a union list of Evaluation should be based on and serials should serve as interloan tools and include the following criteria: since services in processing are to be ex- 1. Increased effectiveness in the areas tended further than the State Library System, of order and accounting procedures. input from these libraries would be essential.

76 1 PUBLIC AFFAIRS Under the general direction Of the and photographs. An integral part of the pro- State Librarian, the Public Affairs Office gram should be to keep the public informed should actively support public and school of the joint state and federal projects. library programs through development :01d maintenance ofa continuousstatewide Through this program the people of public relations program, through utilizing Hawaii should become increasingly aware mass media such as, news stories and re- of and should utilize more extensively the leases, spot radio and television announce- services and materials available in the public ments, interviews, exhibits, posters. slides and school libraries of the State.

Young hula dancers at Ewa Beach Community-Schooi Library Dedication

77 REGIONAL LIBRARIES in providing sufficient and varied library resources near the local level. Furthermore, LegalReference:LibraryServices regional administration is desirable from a and Construction Act, P.L. 91-600 Sec. 2(A), management standpoint. Title I Sec. 102; Sec. 102 (B) (1) as amended. Theregionallibrary/mediaunit, which may also serve as a local library for The regional library program is a sub- the people nearby, should provide at least a program of the Office of Library Services. It comprehensive collection of print and non- is a larger unit of service at a geographical print library materials to cover the general regional level. It is designed to take advan- as well as special interests in its area includ- tage of economics and expanded service oping important non-print materials of com- portunities which are only possible in larger munication, such as educational films, film- library service centers. It involves the provi- strips, recordings and tapes; professional sion of expanded service from resource units personnel for reference to adults, children, located in major population centers through young people; individual and group reading libraries located in communities and schools aid; audiovisual services; and personnel spe- throughout the state but functioning as part cially trained for subjects of specialized in- of a specific regional service area, and terest to meet the needs of special groups, through extension services like bookmobiles e.g.,theunder-educated, handicapped, or adult reading centers (either store front homebound; bibliographic services, or ac- or mobile) within each region. All residents cess; and access to local, state and national in the State of Hawaii shall be provided free resources. adequate library services and to provide sup- To meet proposed standards for re- portive library services to branch libraries gional libraries 125,000 titles must be main- and to residentswith no other access to tained: 10,000 titles in non-circulating col- library services. lection, 5,000 sound recordings, 500 educa- THE OBJECTIVES OF THE RE- tional films, substantial collections of current U.S. and Hawaii State Government Docu- GIONAL LIBRARIES ARE: to provide a ments, periodicals and newspapers, and broad range of reader services, including audio-visual materials and other new media interlibrary loan, formal and comprehensive reference services, coordinated supervision as developed. Qualitative and quantitative of and assistance to community libraries staff services must be provided for appropri- within each region in terms of adult, young ate use of collections, materials and equip- adult, children's and reference work; signifi- ment. cantly enlarged and more diverse collections, THE CONSTRAINTS on this program print and non-print; a broad range of group include restrictions on establishing and fill- services, to include exhibits, tours, cultural ing of positions, and fiscal policies and con- events and book fairs, and to function as a ditions. center for civic activities. Regional Library/ IMPLEMENTATION: Media Centers will provide bookmobile services to communities without library serv- 1ST INCREMENT: ices; be maintained wherever 100,000 or more people live within 30 minutes driving A. Request positions in the next bien- time in metropolitan areas or 75,000 people nium (1973-75)staffingof the within 45 minutes driving time in nonmet- designated regional libraries. ropolitan areas (Note: Driving times are ac- 1. Full descriptions and justifica- tual average door-to-door, not theoretical tionsforregionallibrarians, times over high-speed freeways). technicians,libraryassistants Because of Hawaii's geographic con- and media specialists. figuration, regional libraries as part of a total 13. Develop and implement a purchas- system are and will be an important element ing plan for regionals.

78 1. Audio tape and/or recordings to appropriatenessoflibrary 1,500. materials. 2.16mm film collections to 50. b. degree of satisfaction regard- 3. Book collection to 100,000 titles. ing use of accessibility to library services. 4. Non-print media hardware and software to offer minimal non- c. degree of satisfaction regard- print service to other branches ing services as provided by and users. staff. (Seesub-programforDevelop- d. ratings on a 5 point scale on ment of Media Resources for Com- planned effectiveness level. munity and Community/School e. survey of staff on feedback Libraries.) from users. 2ND INCREMENT: B. Continue planned purchasing for A. Review, evaluation and validation regionals. of 1st Increment. 3RD, 4TH & 5TH INCREMENT: 1. Survey of users and non-users to includecommunityorganiza- A. Continue review, evaluation and tions, private libraries, special validation of prior increments. libraries, institutional libraries, 1. Develop and/or adoptinstru- other government agencies and ments for measuring effective- individuals. ness. a. measure of effectiveness as B. Continue planned purchasing for expressed on the survey re- regionals to achieve ALA stand- garding the number, variety, ards.

79 METROPOLITAN RESOURCE b. BROWSING COLLECTION. A general recreational reading col- CENTER lection open to walk-in patrons staffed by technicians andli- Legal Reference: Public Law 91-600, brariansalsogiving reference Section 102 a (2-C) STRENGTHENING services. The rest of thelibrary METROPOLITAN PUBLIC LIBRARIES can then be converted to closed THAT SERVE AS NATIONAL OR RE- stacks eliminating five different GIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS. stations. TARGET AREA: Library patrons and 2. SERVICE TO LIBRARIES. the people of the State and the Pacific Basin a. RESEARCH STAFF. A research through improved services to all libraries staff of specialists should be or- from the Hawaii State Library located at 478 ganized for reference services, So. King St., Honolulu. The following are interloan services, research ori- the characteristics of the existing facility: ented services, and book selec- 1.Serves as a downtown branch for tion purposes. walk-in patrons for the area. b. AUTOMATED CIRCULATION 2. Serves as the library resource cen- SYSTEM. (See Computer-Based ter for adult activities. CentralizedProcessingCenter) 3.Serves as the resource center for This should make it possible to retrieveitemsforinterloan, children's services and young adult habits, activities. studypatron-borrowing etc. 4.Size of collection: 234,444 volumes c. UNION CATALOG OF STATE in 1969/70. LIBRARY SYSTEM HOLDINGS 5. Limited liaison with the Pacific AND UNION LIST OF SERIALS. area. (SeeComputer-Based Centra- 6. Limited services tostate depart- lized Processing Center) ment agencies. d. HAWAIIANA RESOURCE CEN- TER. The Hawaii and the Pacific 7. No jointprojectson-going with collection should expand and in- other libraries in the State. clude reference,historicaland PROGRAM OBJECTIVES: Conver- indexing divisions. A program sion of the Hawaii State Library which now for the dissemination of local functions as a large branch to a primary re- materials should be established source center for libraries and librarians in and a data bank for local infor Hawaii and the Pacific Basin. A resource mation begun. (See Title III, In- center is essential to interloan, inter-refer- terlibrary Cooperation). ence library activities. 3. SERVICE TO LIBRARIANS. PROGRAM GOALS: The objectives a. IN-SERVICE TRAINING. An in- should be achieved by re-organization of the service training center for the Hawaii State Library into the following profession should be established. areas: In-service training should cover 1. SERVICE TO PATRONS. all areas of librarianship and in- a. TELEPHONE SERVICE. Quick cludelibrarians and parapro- reference servicethroughtele- fessionals from libraries in the phone for all Oahu residents. At State and the Pacific Basin. least 75% of the residents of the b. AUDIO-VISUAL LABORA- State live on Oahu. This would TORY. In order to keep up with eliminate quick reference from the trends in a-y, the resource each of the units. center should "serve as a research

80 unit and experimental labora- 2. Levelof funding: $75,000.00for tory for the area libraries. In- staff, equipment, travel. cluded in this laboratory should 1975-76 Complete re-organization. be all the standard equipment in use in libraries, resource centers, 1.Methodology: complete all areas of etc. This should enable librar- service. ians to televise workshops, inter- 2.Levelof funding: $75,000.00 for views with visiting authors, spe- staff, equipment, travel. cialists, etc. and should enable 1976-77 Final adjustments and final professionals to use the equip- evaluation. ment for teaching and learning situations. 1.Methodology:staffevaluation through review and questionnaire JUSTIFICATION: The Hawaii State and consultant evaluation. Library can no longer afford to serve walk- 2.Level of funding: $75,000.00for in patrons first and libraries secondarily. It consultant study, travel, etc. must actively engage in becoming a resource center for libraries and librarians EVALUATION: There should be con- throughout the target area. tinuous staff evaluation with a final staff and private consultant evaluation. The fol- The Hawaii and the Pacific area needs lowing criteria should be considered. expanded library services due population growth, diversification of industries, new 1.Effectiveness in the area of tele- political concepts, etc. Due to its geographi- phone service by comparative sta- cal position and its cultural resources, Ha- tistics taken over the five years. waii serves as a bridge to the Pacific and to 2. Effectiveness in the area of inter- the East. These increasing business and cul- loan, reference, circulation, etc. by tural ties require expanded library services. comparison of statistics. 3. Effectiveness in the area of in-serv- IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ice training as measured by staff 1972-73 Overall planning, begin -re- satisfaction, new programs insti- organization. tuted in the State Library System 1. Methodology: plan, begin first state and by other libraries. re-organization including browsing 4. Effectiveness in the area of local collection and telephoneservice. materials by statistical count of use 2.Levelof funding:$50,000.00 for and programs instituted. staff and equipment. 5. Coordinated evaluation with librar- 1973-74 Re-organize services. ians from other libraries using the center for services and in-service 1. Methodology: re-organize to create new researchstaff for reference training. services, in-service training, media MONITORINGSERVICES:The laboratory. State Librarian should direct the entire program. Consultant Services, Hawaii State Li- 2.Levelof funding:$75,000.00for brary System in coordination with appropri- staff and equipment. ate Department of Education offices and 1974-75 Continue re-organization. other state agencies should be involved in 1. Methodology: continuebuilding overall planning and evaluation techniques. media laboratory, in-service train- The Hawaii State Library should be respon- ing methods, implement computer- sible for the implementation. basedcirculationsystem, on-line COORDINATION WITH OTHER LI- indexing system, use bibliographi- BRARIES: Required coordination with other cal information available from com- libraries should be managed by the Hawaii puter, special loan resource center. State Library System.

81 91. LIBRARY SERVICES TO During the period 1968 to date, the number of registered borrowers increased THE PHYSICALLY 59%. The overwhelming majority of the bor- HANDICAPPED towers are blind. Availability of library serv- p.,e must be made known to the eligible i..hysically handicapped. DOE Special Educa- tion Department identifies5,000 handi- LegalReference:LibraryServices capped students (adult population unknown). and Construction Act, P.L. 91-600 Sec. 2(A), Future plans for 1972-73 are to con- Title I Sec. 102; Sec. 102(B) (1) as amended. duct a Transcribing Services Program workshop; send Transcribing Services Supervisor THE GOAL of Library Services to the to the joint conference of the California Physically Handicapped is to provide qual- Transcribers and Educators of the Visually ity comprehensive readily accessible library Handicapped and the American Braille As- services and resources in the media needed sociation in March 1973; send Head Librar- to meet the educational, vocational, cultural ian to National Conference of Regional Li- f and recreational needs of the people of the brarians sponsored by the Library of Con- State of Hawaii and the Pacific Basin area. gress, Division for the Blind and Physically The project to improve library services of- Handicapped in May 1973; begin renovation fered to the blind and physically handi- of the State Library for the Blind & Physically capped was implemented in fiscal year 1968- Handicapped, and to identify building more 69. Library materials in the form of disc clearly by constructing sign posts outside recordings, audio cassette tapes and large the building and the main road leading to type books were purchased to supplement the library; begin long-range program to and enrich the collection. Film loops and reach eligible non-users of the library. Hos- film strips were purchased to meet the needs pitals, schools, Senior Citizen Center and of the physically handicapped patrons now Pacific Basin area will be surveyed. All sur- eligible for service from this library. Equip- veys to be followed up by visits. Some of the ment to increase the technical capability of work will be coordinated with Outreach Pro- this library in order to better serve all of the gram and community libraries. Plans are patrons were purchased, including a Braille also made to establish needed positions for duplicator (Thermoform Machine), a Xerox State Library for the Blind & Physically 720 copier (rental basis), IBM Braille Elec- Handicapped. These include a Library As- tric Typewriters, an Infonics reel-to-cassette sistant II for the circulating unit, and Dupli- duplicator, audio cassette tape players and cating Machine Operator for the transcribing recorders, optical aids and aids such as read- service unit. Plans include the implementa- ing stands and page turners for the physically tion of the Filipino and Japanese language handicapped. programs, and to provide advisory assistance Staffing positions established include in the developmental reading program at up until fiscal year 1968-69, full-time staff Linekona School. Purchase needed audio- j members included two library technicians visual materials to be used by Linekona and and one library assistant. Only maintenance other Special Education classes. type activities were possible. In 1973-74, plans are to complete re- A revised State Library for the Blind novations of State Library for the Blind & and Physically Handicapped brochure has Physically Handicapped; to survey library been published, an artist-produced display needs of non-residential agencies (e.g., Spe- to be used for conferences; book lists on a cial Schools and Rehabilitation Centers) variety of subjects; newsletters; articles in servicing the handicapped; to continue long- local dailies; appearance on TV by staff range program to reach eligible non-users member, and talks given at library to school of the library; complete follow-up visit to classes and visitors, with visits to schools and Pacific Basin area to reach identified non- institutions by staff members. users of the library; to implement Hawaiian,

82 Samoan and Chinese language programs; to within the State. Conduct in-servicetraining establish needed positions for StateLibrary for the Blind & Physically Handicapped; relative to maintenance of depositcollec- in- tions; and to have key staff membersattend cluding a Braille Specialist for thetranscrib- ing services unit and national conferences which willprove most a Librarian III for the beneficial to on-goingprograms. circulating unit; to send the HeadLibrarian to National Regional Librarians'Conference In 1975-76, plans are to meet library and the Transcribing ServicesUnit Super- needs of selected non-residentialagencies visor to Conference of the CaliforniaTran- servicing the handicapped; to installWide scribers and Educators of the VisuallyHandi- Area Telephone Service (WATS)for faster capped. statewide communication; to providehome In1974-75, plans are to establish service to shut-in handicapped.Coordinate needed positions for the State Libraryfor the with Program Outreach and communityli- Blind & Physically Handicappedincluding braries in providing mini-talkingbookmobile an Assistant Supervisor for the Transcribing services to areas not serviced byregular li- Services Unit and a Student Helper forthe brary bookmobile; and to havekey staff Circulating Unit; to complete implementa- members attend national conferenceswhich tion of needed foreign languageprograms; will prove most beneficialto on-going pro- to establish deposit collectionsystem for grams. Pacific Basin area; to meet libraryneeds of Plans for 1976-77 include the utiliza- selected non-residential agenciesservicing tion of a telefacsimile machine provided the handicapped (A-V equipment un- and soft- der LSCA Title III Program forfaster com- ware); to establish needed depositcollections munication and information retrieval. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS THE OBJECTIVES OF the following make more quickly accessible materials in projects are to provide quality library service the needed media to the handicapped stu- by improving the procedural and techno- dents, citizens and residents of this State and logical processes of the State Library for the the Pacific Basin area. Blind & Physically Handicapped, and to

Subobjectives and Performance Criteria Procedures and Projected Progress Level of Funding Conduct a four and a half day workshop in Three consultants who are authorities in transcribing services to inform people in their fields will offer informational, advisory the transcribing program, teachers and and evaluative services. Chaired by the people in related fields of the on-going local supervisor of transcribing services services and new developments in services program, plans will be completed and offered to the handicapped. The reasons implemented by December 1972. $2,339.00 are threefold: tremendous revisions have (includes taken place in transcribing rules, neighbor island procedures and format; new techniques participants) in training of volunteers and handicapped individuals have been developed; and new reproduction equipment, special aids and tools for the handicapped have been manufactured. Hawaii is undertaking an expanding transcribing program, but it has never conducted a statewide workshop in this service thus far. The workshop should result in more related agencies having a clearer idea of transcribing services, thus enabling them to better utilize the services for their patrons. Areas where more information and/or training required by people in the field will also be determined and recommendations made.

Have Head, State Lib/Blind & Physically Handicapped attend National Regional Librarians' Conference sponsored by Library of Congress, DBPH. Librarian will be able to learn of new programs and projected plans of the L. of C. DBPH for Regional Libraries for the Handicapped. Conference will be held in May 1973. $674.00

Have Supervisor, Transcribing Services Conference will be held in March 1973. $934.00 Unit attend the joint conference of the (for two people) California Transcribers and Educators of the Visually Handicapped conference and Annually, select key staff members to the American Braille Association. This attend conferences which will have direct will be a valuable followup to the local implications on on-going programs of workshop in the Transcribing Program. the Lib/Blind.

84 Subobjertives and Performance Criteria Procedures and Projected Progress Level of Funding Renovate the State Library for the Blind & Begin renovation 1972-73. Physically Handicapped to accommodate Completed by 1973-74. $10,000.00 walk-in patrons or persons sent by the patrons. Have library more clearly marked for easier identification. About eight people per week currently come to the library; after completion of renovation, this number should be doubled. The purpose of converting the library is to give its patrons a greater sense of independence and ability to enjoy his public library in the same way that sighted citizens and residents can in a community library.

Plan to implement survey to identify Determine number of eligible institutions $1,992.00 eligible non-users of the library. Include and non-users in this state and Pacific non-state supported institutions and the Basin area. Plan effective identification Pacific Basin area. Work with community survey forms; work with State Library's librarians and Program Outreach librarian Public Information Officer and Teacher as resource people. Assist Center for publicity assistance. Correspond extensively with Pacific Basin area consultants. Involve resident of Pacific Basin in planning followup visit to the Pacific Basin area.

Plan and distribute questionnaries, follow up with visits to local agencies and organized groups 1972.73

Pacific Basin visit 1973-74

Needed positions in priority order: Establish needed positions to serve the 1972-73 growing number of registered patrons. Circulating Unit (CU) New programs to improve services provided Library Assistant II $4,732.00 to the handicapped will require additional (Includes staff with specialized skills. With all equipment) required positions filled, Hawaii's Library Transcribing Services Unit (TSU) for the Blind & Physically Handicapped Duplicating Machine Operator $5,484.00 will be able to provide total library service to the handicapped in Hawaii and the 1973-74 Pacific Basin area. Because of this total TSU service concept, it may serve as a model Braille Specialist (partially sighted) $6,705.00 for other Regional Libraries for the (includes supplies Handicapped in our country. and equipment) CU Librarian III $9,166.00 (includes supplies 1974-75 and equipment) CU Student Helper II $1,346.00

c15 Subobjectives and Performance Criteria Procedures and Projected Progress Level of Funding

Thu $7,318.00 Assistant Supervisor (includei equipment) 1975-76 Clerk-driver $4,500.00

Provide cassette audio tape recordings of Implement Filipino and Japanese language books, magazine articles, and other items tape program. By end of fiscal 1972-73, of interest to non-English speaking there will be at least fifty separate titles handicapped residents of Hawaii and the in each language. $1,080.00 Pacific Basin area. Except for a few tapes in the Filipino languageand musical By end of fiscal year 19:13 -74, language records in Japanese, no materials are programs in Hawaiian, Samoan and available for the above ethnic groups, Chinese should be well underway, Chinese, Hawaiian and Samoan speaking volunteers designated and materials residents. located.

By 1975.76, the foreign language program should become an integral part of the services offered by the Lib/Blind.

Provide advisory assistance to Linekona Purchase A-V software to be added to a School (day school for the handicapped) circulating collection which would be made in their developmental reading program. available to all agencies serving Provide film loops, film strips and cassette handicapped students 1972-73. $2,000.00 audio tapes. Survey needs of other schools for the handicapped and provide materials Survey needs of special schools of entire on a priority basis. state 1972-73. Assist in providing materials which would eventually end in pool of circulating materials to all eligible students and institutions. Long range 197246. $2,000.00 annually Install Wide Area Telephone Service Install WATS line in fiscal year 1975-76. (WATS) for faster statewide communication. Possibilities of utilizing telefacsimile Utilize services provided by the tele- machine to be set up under LSCA Title facsimile machine. 1976.77. $1,242.00 III will bestudied.Closing the communi- annually cation gap will mean speedier service to (WATS) patrons scattered over a wide geographical area, and speedier information retrieval from mainland resource centers will mean speedier delivery of needed materials to all the patrons.

Provide Home Service to the shut-in Identify areas or individuals requiring handicapped. Provide station wagon whichhome service. Purchase station wagon: r could be converted into a mini-talking 1975-76. Plan specific programs with bookmobile to encourage non-users to Outreach Program by beginning of $4,290.00 borrow talking books. Go to areas in the 1976.77. state not serviced by the regular bookmobile to reach the non-users. Combine this project with Program Outreach.

86 STATE INSTITUTIONAL 4. Library activities toencourage fur- LIBRARY SERVICES ther resident utilizationof library Legal resourcesarecurrentlybeing Reference:LibraryServices planned and implemented. and Construction Act, P.L.91-600 Sec. 2(A), Title I Sec. 102; Sec. 102(B) (1) as amended. SPECIFIC TIME FRAME: 1972-73 1. Complete renovation ofthe four institutional librariesnow in prog- GOAL: To provide qualitycompre- ress. hensive readily accessible library services 2. Survey and and resources to meet theeducational, voca- assess library needs of Lional, cultural and recreationalneeds of the seven additional eligible residential people of the State of Hawaii. institutions. 3.Conduct a statewidere-survey of institutions receiving statesupport DESCRIPTIONS OF PROJECTS requiring library aid. THE OBJECTIVES OFTHE PROJ- 4. Conduct a library trainingwork- ECTS are to be able to providelibrary serv- shop for resident librarians of ices and resources of educational, all vocational, institutions under the LSCApro- therapeutic and recreationalvalue to state gram. supported residential, correctionaland medi- 5. Pilot project: Cooperativesharing cal institutions andresidentialspecial of library schools through the refurbishing,revitalizing resources among institu- and maintaining of existing tions. Indexing and retrievalsys- library facilities tem will be instituted. or the developing ofnew library/media centers. 1973-74 1. Complete renovation ofinstitution- al libraries undertakenin 1972-73. PAST EFFORT ANDPROGRESS: State Institutional LibraryServices projects 2. Encourage allinstitutions to make were implemented in fiscalyear 1969-70. library activities operationalon a The majority of theinstitutions either did not scheduled basis. In part,this is to have any library facilitiesor had a collection encourage maximum use of library of donated materialsonly. The following materials and facilities byresidents. projects were completedor are now current- 3. Explore possibilities of ly in progress: further expansion of servicesor introduction 1. Renovationorrevitalizationof of innovativeprograms to more library/media centers innineteen adequately meet the libraryneeds institutions were completed.Three of the institutionalized. institutions have two libraryfacili- 1974-75 ties; several have librarycorners only. 1. Completedevelopmentofbook 2. Renovation of four selection policies, workablelibrary library/media operational procedures and centers are currently inprogress. services using ALA standardsas guide- 3. Advisory service relativeto library lines. operation procedures, systemsplan- ning and library material 2.Bring holdings of printand non- selections print materials in all were completed as neededor re- institutional quested. libraries as close to optimumnum- ber as possible.

87 (17 1975-76 1976-77 All institutions will have a librarian 1. All institutionswill be equipped professional or para-professional (full with sophisticated A-V capabilities or part time) or staff member with as needed by the residents. definitelibraryresponsibilitiesto 2. All institutions will include the li- meet the residents' library needs. brary program in their operational budgets as of next fiscal year. DESCRIPTIONS OF PROJECTS Objective: To be able to provide li- dential special schools through the refur- brary services and resources of educational, bishing, revitalizing and maintaining of ex- vocational, therapeutic andrecreational isting library facilities or the developing of value to state supported residential, cor- new library /media centers. rectional and medical institutions and resi-

Subobjectives and Performance Criteria Procedures and Projected Progress Level of Funding Monitor completion of the renovation or Provide on-site monitoring of renovation establishment of libraries in four insti- and submit evaluative reports on tutions with limited or no existing library progress. Purchasing of needed equipment facilities. and materials for one institution already completed. Four to be completed by end of 1972-73. $9,415.00 Assess library needs in terms of equip- Conduct survey visits to the seven ment, materials anil refurbishing of rooms institutions. Submit report and recom- to be established as library/media centers mendations including actual costs of for seven additional eligible institutions. projects. Coordination of library services Further publicize LSCA Library aid with community librarians and volunteers available to qualifying institutions. will be initiated. A statewide re-survey of residential institutions for possible eligibility under LSCA program will be conducted. $20,559.00 Begin 1972-73 Complete 1973-74

Develop evaluative instruments to assess Conduct semi-annual or annual evaluative further needs, better utilization of facilities,on-site project reviews, reader usage sur- Transportation maintenance and monitoring of on-going veys, interviews, coordination with and per diem projects. Instrument should be able to institutional staff or volunteers and costs annually measure the needs of the residents of all utilization of library and community $911.00 institutions serviced under the LSCA resources for implementing library program including the patrons of the activities (i.e., cultural or book related Books and Lib/Blind & Physically Handicapped. programs). Continue to purchase needed A-V materials library materials for all institutions. Thirty institutions will be serviced in varying degrees by the end of 1974. 1972.73$13,340.00 1973.74$13,509.00 Re-assessment of all institutional 1974.75$13,509.00 library needs to be conducted annually: 1975-76$15,509.00 1972-77 1976.77$16,509.00

Conduct a library training workshop for Utilize services of available professional resident librarians, library supervisors or staff and possibly one resource person library volunteers of all LSCA serviced from the West Coast to plan and institutions in order to provide quality implement a two day workshop on Oahu library service to the residents of these which would include a tour of selected institutions. The majority of the LSCA serviced institutions. Emphasis on institutions are supervised by non-library workshop will be placed on daily opera- oriented staff members. tional procedures and providing of

89 99 Subobjectives and Performance Criteria Procedures and Projected Progress Level of Funding reference and interloan services utilizing resources of community libraries. Plan 1972-73 Implement before end of 1973. $896.00 (includes neighbor island participants)

Provide institutionalized students and Assess needs, availability of resources, staff that services them ready and maximumidentification of resources at each availability of print and nonprint materialsparticipating institution and select work- through the development of a cooperative able method and implementation of system. system for the organization and retrieval ofIdentification of the resources are being materials in these institutions. No similar completed by the institutional teachers. cooperative system in work with special Pilot project: 1972-73 $2,000.00 students is currently in operation in Hawaii.

Establish a full-time Librarian III position Librarian will monitor, train resident to service LSCA funded institutional librarian, and provide library services libraries (on contract basis if necessary). as required by the residents. To be hired as soon as local state freeze on positions is lifted. $8,508.00

Fund a c.rrectional institution librarian All possible sources for funding this position to be matched with state funds position will be explored. by the Social Services Department. (Pend- As soon as possible. $4,254.00 ing approval by the Social Services Department).

Only three institutions have full time librarians. Current institutional library supervisors are not geared to providing in- depth library service to residents. A full time floating librarian can train and supervise resident librarians.

1in LIBRARY SERVICES FOR surprising as it indicates that library services, as presently provided, do not meet the THE DISADVANTAGED IN needs of the disadvantaged being assisted URBAN AND RURAL AREAS by the forernentioned agencies. Hawaii's disadvantaged arc those LegalReference:LibraryServices members of our community who, because of and Construction Act, P.L. 91-600 Title I Sec. their lack of educational attainment, their 102 (A) (2) (B) (III) as amended. low socio-economic level, their cultural and linguistic isolation from the community at large, and advanced age and physical isola- THE SETTING tion from the library services, have been Libraries have always been educa- prevented from receiving the benefits of tional institutions, serving recreational and library service which were originally de- informational needs.' The needs of our com- signed for persons without such disadvan- munities in Hawaii and on the U.S. mainland, tages. however, have changed a great deal and are A large number of our disadvantaged such that our traditional library programs are those alienated from society due to the appear to be no longer meaningful to a large results of extreme poverty. The disadvan- proportion of our population. (63% identified taged poor include all age groups, a num- as non-users of libraries in 1967 survey con- ber of ethnic groups, and those with limited ducted by Booz, Allen, and Hamilton.) There educational attainment. Poverty stricken is need, then for the library to redefine its areas within which these poor live are char- role so it can be more responsive to today's acterized by: 1) physical deteriorationsub- needs.2 The library need not forego its tradi- standard housing, 2) social disorganization tional goals; rather, it can and should adapt the delinquency and crime rate are generally these goals of providing educational, recrea- much higher than less impoverished areas, tional and informational material to fit the 3) economic incompetenceextremely low distinctive needs of each community. annual incomes, unemployment, and welfare In order to do this, the library must... assistance, 4) attitudes of indifference to learn to live with both the community and and/or suspicion of traditional institutions other groups serving it. Librarians and the such as the library, and 5) culturaltheir library need to be a link in the community lifestyle places them in a different cultural between their resources and the needs and pattern from that of middle class Americans. problems of the community.3 Further, the librarian should become a central factor in The Labor Department defines a dis- the communication of knowledge.' It is pos- advantaged individual as "a poor person sible for us to show how libraries, library who does not have suitable employment and materials including multi-media and adult is either: a school dropout, a member of a education, as promoted through the library, minority, under 22 years of age, 45 years of can still be an effective form of education.'' age or older, or handicapped.". The public library can stimulate the self- The poor are beset by innumerable education process which has tremendous problems, which, topped by a lack of educa- possibilities for "easing burdens, opening tion, generally results in defeatist attitudes employment opportunities, and enriching the regarding their ability to break the cycle of lives of the residents cf the area."6 poverty" If itisto foster the continued Few community action and other economic, social, and cultural development community agencies, public or private, think of Hawaii. an objective identified by Booz, of the library as a resource and vehicle for Allen, and Hamilton in their 1967 survey of change.7 For example, Model Cities and the libraries in Hawaii, the public library needs Office of Economic Opportunity do not to study and experiment with ways of reach- mention libraries in their documents relating ing and assisting the poverty stricken in ur- to resources in the community. This is not ban and rural areas.'" Libraries can stress the

V: I .1 importance of reading not as an end in itself gram. In 1966 there were 46,500 illiterate but as a means to "communication, and adults in Hawaii 25 years of age.'' In the self-rel4ince, and real education."" Libraries Model Neighborhood Areas many persons can serve a role as communicator, as brokers are handicapped in achievement. Nearly in ideas devoted to communication at all 35% of all MNA resident adults (25 years of levels, based on using all media, and built on age or older) had an eight grade education the neighbor and community library.12 or less. This compares unfavorably with The library needs to, in addition, be 21% for the rest of Oahu. Apart from a knowledgeable about the objectives and few unskilled jobs, most available employ- programs of service of other organizations ment requires specific learned skills and a and agencies serving the disadvantaged, higher level of basic education. Typically, such as the Department of Social Services the unemployed job seeker has been a school and Housing, and seek means of collabo- dropout and will have difficulty earning a rating with programs and/or activities in good income until he builds up his skills order to best plan and implement library through education. Persons in MNA have and social work services to the disadvan- become interested in extending their educa- taged. 13 Among social problems being han- tion through attending the Adult Education dled by the Department of Social Services Centers run by Model Cities." and Housing are marital discord, school re- The public library needs to collabo- lated adjustment, job related adjustment, rate and coordinate close efforts with Adult child abuse and neglect, homemaker serv- Education efforts such as these in order to ices, and financial management. The Depart- reduce duplication of efforts, but primarily, ment of Social Services and Housing is, in to serve as a supportive agency to other com- its efforts to "enable individuals and families munity efforts to combat illiteracy. to become independent, well-adjusted, and socially effective members of society", pro- Other disadvantaged include ethnic viding general support to several programs, groupsthose isolated from the rest of one of which is the Progressive Neighbor- the community due to their culture and in- hoods Program (PNP) (through Act 299). ability to speak, read, and write English. As The Program has, among its objec- a result of the immigration of large numbers tives the alleviation of problems in educa- of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and Portu- tion (reduction in the dropout rate), employ- guese laborers, Hawaii has a broad diversity r ment (decrease the number of unemployed of ethnic groups. These and other groups and underemployed), and health and wel- are identified through the following percen- fare (decrease the number of people in need tages based on the Census tract data by race and eligible but not receiving health and from the 1970 Census of Population: (DPED welfare services because of lack of knowl- 2/9/72) edge and/or lack of accessibility)." The Hu- 1) Whites 38.8% of state total man Services Center Program, another por- 2) Japanese 28.3% " tion of the Progressive Neighborhood Pro- 3) Filipinos 12.2% " ff gram, has as its major function the "rede- 4) Hawaiians 9.3%" ployment of into grative human services 5) Chinese 6.8 %" into interdisciplinary teams to enable each 6) Miscellaneous 2.4 %" family or individual to make optimal use of (largely Samoans) available services, both public and private, 7) Koreans 1.1% " to achieve or sustain economic and/or social 8) Negroes 1.0% " self-sufficiency."(Theseinterdisciplinary 9) American Indians 0.1 %" teams areestablishedinneighborhood facilities for easy accessibility and avail- From 1966 to 1970 25,800 immigrants 7 - ability to residents.)15 from the Eastern Hemisphere chose Hawaii F Public libraries can serve as a sup- as their residence. As of March 15, 1971 there portive agency in the Right to Read pro- were 57,187 aliens. There is also an estimated r 92 13,000 Samoans who are mostly American Legislature and community organizations for Nationals and are not subject to immigration improving services to immigrants. restrictions."' In the overall plan of the State Immi- In July 1970 the Health and Com- gration Service Center, the Director was munity Services Council of Hawaii con- authorized to create task forces to deal with ducted a study of immigrant and alien resi- specific problems as the need arose. The dent problems and services...and con- Center was also authorized to initiate colla- cluded that existing services or potential re- borative efforts with other public as well as sources for service are available to meet the private agenciestorespondtounmet problems of immigrants and alien residents needs. The various task forces have iden- of Hawaii. The Council study noted that tified many problem areas in wh;ch libraries rather than a lack of services, "there appears can cooperate and collaborate with the State to be insufficient coordination in the delivery Immigration Service Center and other agen- of services, a limited amount of creative ex- cies to assist our immigrants and alien resi- perimentation on program content, and a dents. Some of the problems identified were: weakness or absence of methods designed to lack of housing, high incidence of active reach and involve the immigrant in the plan- tuberculosis among the foreign born, and ning and use of services."'" The Health and those of the Samoans." Community Services Council further identi- Those isolated from regular public li- fied the needs for developing and strength- brary services due to physical distance from ening the functions of coordination, infor- community libraries or due to infirmities of mation and referral, program development, age or ill health are also disadvantaged and and evaluation.20 are in need of special library services. Al- though bookmobiles generally cover areas Also in July 1970 the Legislature ap- not serviced by community libraries, there propriated $50,000 for the Commission on are still many persons who have not re- Manpower and Full Employment to estab- sponded to bookmobile services. These indi- lish the State Immigration Service Center as viduals, the shut-ins and the aged, need to a pilot project. The following were identified be identified. Their needs also need to be as objectives for the center: 1) Assist and co- identified,especiallythose of the aged ordinate the efforts of public and private whose handicaps or disadvantages are great, agencies in providing services to immigrants e.g., physical handicaps, health, housing, and non-English speaking residents, (p. 4) transportation, financial, and personal 2) Provide information on the varied services problems accompanying their age. The De- available in Hawaii and refer the immigrants partment of Social Services and Housing's to appropriate agencies, 3) Encourage local Program Plan Details for PPB for 1971-1978 and ethnic groups and community organiza- identifies as its program objective: "to en- tions to develop programs for immigrants hance program efficiency and effectiveness and their families, 4) Compile information by sponsoring research and analysis on the concerning immigrants and conduct or con- problems of the aged, by coordinating pro- tract for studies on problems faced by them, grams, and by recommending changes to 5) Gather and compile simplified factual in- programs and laws regarding the aged."22 formation to aid the prospective immigrant and his sponsor in complying with U.S. Im- The Department of Social Services migration and related laws, and to develop and Housing, in addition, stresses the im- a suitable orientation program for the importance of providing such "characteristic migrant, before departure from his country data and information of Hawaii's elderly" in of origin and upon reaching Hawaii, 6) Serve order to assist the Commission on Aging in as liaison on immigration matters of broad its efforts to plan, analyze and recommend community concern, as well as individual programs for the elderly in an orderly and problems on immigrants, and 7) Make rec- realistic way. -3 Library efforts to assist the ommendations to theadministration, the elderly should accordingly be closely co-

93 ordinated with the Department of Social Plan, Program Outreach has received sup- Services and Housing and the Commission port funding and direction regarding the on Aging. Their Aid to the Aged, Blind, or target group for which it will be providing Disabled Program is the third largest pro services. gram administered by the Department of Social Services and Housing. The Program Through LSCA, TitleI,Program assists 4,781 individuals and accounts for Outreach will concentrate its programs and some $6.2 million per year in program costs. activities on the needs of "disadvantaged The AABD program is federally supported perions.. .persons who have educational and serves the aged (over 65), the blind (le- socio-economic, cultural, or other disadvan- gally defined and medically certified), and tages that prevent them from receiving the the permanently and totally disabled (medi- benefits of library services designed for per- cally certified) who meet the State's stand- sons without such disadvantages and who ards of need with regard to financial re- for that reason require specially designed li- sources. The latter two programs are being brary services.2" assisted through library services by the State The State of Hawaii has,, in accept- Library for the Blind and Physically Handi- ing Hawaii's Basic State Plan, recognized capped.24 and asserted its responsibility to provide library services to the disadvantaged. Persons in low socio-economic groups are beset by FUNCTIONS innumberable problems, which, topped by a THE FUNCTION OF Program Out- lack of education, generally results in de- reach is to assist in the development of the featist attitudes regarding their ability to program which will attempt to take the li- break the cycle of poverty.27 Ethnic groups, brary to the Community in areas and by serv- the homebound or otherwise handicapped ices not provided by the established organi- persons not in institutions, and senior citi- zational pattern. Program Outreach, an ad- zens are also included in the definition of junct of Special Library Services of the State disadvantaged persons. The problems of Library Branch, has the responsibility to plan persons in low socio-ecnomic groups gen- and implement programs on a statewide erally speaking, however, seem more severe, basis to serve individuals and groups with as due to a lack of education and differences special needs. Booz, Allen, and Hamilton in life styles from the middle class, the poor have identified for priority attention the need do not have resources to help themselves to develop "expanded and more agressive and will accordingly need assistance beyond library services to groups, particularly those what is available through the Five Year not currently considered regular library pa- Long-Range Plan. trons ... (as) an integral part of the 'Opera- tion Outreach' project."25 Program Outreach, through its basic function of instituting innovative programs, The Program Outreach staff consists can help the library redefine its role to be of the Coordinator and a Typist IL The Co- more responsive to today's needs. The Out- ordinator, a Librarian V, is directly responsi- reach general program goal to reach the dis- ble to the Director of the State Library advantaged is two-fold: it is both develop- Branch, whose position is that of Deputy mental and operational. Our goal is develop- State Librarian and who reports directly to mental in that we will be designing, devel- the State Librarian. The Coordinator's major oping, and testing an approach and/or a set responsibilities are to assist in the statewide of techniques and materials which can be development of Program Outreach and to recommended to community libraries as hav- serve as the liaison between the library and ing value in reaching the disadvantaged and projects assigned. in working in conjunction with community With the acceptance by HEW (Health agencies which provide services to the dis- Education & Welfare), Office of Education, advantaged. Our goal is also operational in Washington, D.C., of Hawaii's Basic State that direct service will be provided the dis- P"

advantaged in the course of testing the ap- "indigenous staff"through the Concen- proach, techniques, and materials to meet trated Employment Program, etc., to develop the special needs of the disadvantaged. a Neighborhood Information Center and Re- ferral Service for the purpose of demonstra- GOAL ting the link between total library resources THE GOAL of Program Outreach as and the problems and needs of the people in related to the statewide goal is to provide our communities. adequate library services to every resident in SUBOBJECTIVES AND/OR PRO- the State of Hawaii. The definition of "every CEDURES relating to Services to the Dis- resident" includes the disadvantaged who advantaged include: to identify the disad- have been identified in the 1967 Booz survey vantaged and their geographic locations as non-users of libraries. More specifically, through research of city, state, and federal however, the goal of Outreach is to reach all documents; to coordinate planning, sharing users and non-users who are "disadvan- of information, and implementation efforts taged" as defined in the Basic State Plan. with branches on Oahu and the neighbor The role of Program Outreach is to assure islands; and to collaborate and coordinate that those "disadvantaged" who may or may efforts with agencies serving the disadvan- not have sought library services are given tagedsuch as the Department of Social the opportunity to discover that reading is a Services and Housing, State Immigration basic right and that libraries exist with other Service Center, Model Cities, t.).E.O., Health institutions to serve man"to help him ful- and Community Services Council of Hawaii, fill himsolr and "to foster the full realiza- Office of Instructional Services, DOE, etc. tion of (his) individual potentialities." The needs of the disadvantaged must be identified by making direct contacts with OBJECTIVES persons and/or organizationsintarget THE OBJECTIVES of services to the groups and areas; and close coordinative and 1 disadvantaged are to continue to identify the collaborative efforts with social and other disadvantaged population and their geo- agencies; and continue to develop Outreach graphical location; to identify the needs of reference collection. the disadvantaged and means by which we can begin to assist them through library It is a subobjective to provide and/or services in collaboration with community develop materials and programs and/or ap- agencies already serving them; to provide proaches; to take services to where the dis- and/or develop a wide variety of materials advantaged are by utilization of a small van; and programs and/or approaches which will to identify constraints to use of existing li- meet the interest, special needs, and be help- brary facilities and attempt to remove as ful in improving the overall quality of life of many of these as possible; to encourage the the disadvantaged (e.g., vocational, educa- interest, participation and support of target tional, recreational,practicalliving ma- groups in target areas. Establish advisory terials and/or programs); to share with li- groups for at least some of the projects using brary staff and other community agencies "indigenous personnel"; to provide meaning- information relating to demonstration proj- ful variety of materials including paperbacks, ects and/or experiments in order to stimulate A/V equipment and software, and plan pro- the development of innovative projects on a grams and/or activities according to the in- local level in order to reach greater numbers terests and needs of the target group; to seek of our disadvantaged residing in areas serv- cooperative relationships with other social iced by branch libraries; to provide in-serv- agencies and target groups in planning pro- ices and orientation training through the grams and identifying materials, and obtain strenghtening of State Library Agency Pro- publicity through mass media. gram for Branch and Regional Librarians Other sub-objectives include the shar- and/or Technicians serving in this capacity, ing of information relating to demonstra- Outreach personnel, and volunteers and/or tion projects and/or experiments through

95 IC5 distribution of written reports and work- to utilize situation by disseminating informa- shops; to provide in-service training Health tion regarding innovative experiments or and Social Agencies, and Model Cities. projects. Agency resources to set up experimental Additional subobjectives are to de- facilities, etc. are more readily availableon velop the library as a Neighborhood Infor- Oahu. Neighbor island needs are to be identified somewhat through Outreach work- mation Center and Referral Service in order shops held in late 1971 and early 1972 and to to develop a community resource file to assist be considered in subsequent program plan- residents of neighborhood to locate services ning. and opportunities open to them; to coordinate efforts to assess, acquire, and/or devel- TARGET AREAS op materials with Model Cities, 01.0., Home Extension Agents, Consumer Office, KAL1HI-PALAMA was chosen as the etc.; to learn from residents and organiza- urban target area, because the greatest tions in target areas and groups regarding number of Oahu's low income familiesare the interests anc needs of the disadvantaged; living in the area. Population-30,041; rest and to make available documents and other of Oahu-576,410. Total cases receiving pub- municipal information usually available only lic assistance-2,221. These casesare com- at City Hall, and current materials generated prised of 2,551 adults and 3,924 children 1- within the community and/or information with total assistance of $340,725.29.29 There relating to public services. are six public housing projects which serve concentrated low-income families in this The major target area for the program area. Delinquency, illegitimacy, welfare de- is Oahu. Other target areas include Kalihi- pendency anddeteriorated,dilapidated, Palama and Waimanalo. Oahu was identified overcrowded housing characterize this high as the major target area of the State of Ha- density area. Two major programs assisting waii, because nearly 80% of the statewide low-income groups are providing activeserv- untapped potential for library services ison ices in this area: Model Cities and Honolulu Oahu. Community resources are more readi- Community Action Programs. The twocorn- ly available than on the neighbor islands. munity libraries in the areaKalihi-Palama For example: the University of Hawaii and Liliha Libraries have been actively in- School of Library Studies, (Japanese: 35.4%, volved in reaching into the Kalihi-Palama and Part Hawaiian: 22.5%. Oahu-wide, the community. Involvement efforts with the leading race is Japanese 29%, Caucasian community have been hampered, however, 25.1%, and Part Hawaiian 17.4%). Significant as the need to man the branches seriously proportions (15.4%) did not go beyond the limits the time available to staff, to make fourth grade, compared with 7.9% for the community contacts, and follow through entire island. Only 8.6% of those surveyed in with creative programs and/or collections to the area completed at least one year college, encourage the use of our branches in the while the all-Oahu percentage was 22.6%. In area. case load per thousand population, Kalihi- Palama ranks as much as five times greater Kalihi-Palama possesses a youthful than the Oahu average for welfare programs population (42.9% under 17 as compared involving economic assistance. A portion of with 39.8% for Oahu); a predominant ethnic the area had the worst record on Oahu for JY group and/or orientation in order to assist juvenile arrests (433) for both serious and support staff to begin to break through the minor crimes. (As reported in the Honolulu wall of suspicion and misunderstanding di- Police Statistical Report of 1963). I viding library staff and the disadvantaged WAIMANALO, Census Tract #113, by means of regional workshops involving li- was chosen as the rural target, because of brary staff, social agency representatives, it's isolation. The area does not have regular persons from disadvantaged neighborhoods; access to library services except on a weekly to assist support staff to develop and extend basis through bookmobile stops in the follow- a "full people-oriented library program" and ing areas: Waimanalo School, Waimanalo I 96 Post Office, Humuniki Street, and Humupaa FUNDING Street. The area has no high school; students THE LEVEL OF FUNDING for the of high school age are transported to Kailua project is $60,000 through state and federal High School. Waimar alo was selected as one funds. Part of the Long-Range Plan is to of the 13 Community Action Program target evaluate, update and validate the Long- areas on Oahu, because 9.1% of all families Range Plan. Also, increments will need to be have incomes below $3,000 annually, com- adapted and revised annually on a state- pared to 7.6% of all Oahu families within wide needs reassessment basis. the same income bracket. It has a higher percentage of families receiving assistance from the Department of Social Services for FIRST INCREMENT: persons under 21 years of age and for resi- 1. RequestpositionsforProgram dents' over 65 years of age. Daily absences Outreach staff support in next from elementary school (8.2% average) is biennium (1973-75). more than double the Oahu norm. 2. Use indigenous staff support. 3. Pilot Projects in following areas: Almost half of the adult residents a. Kalihi-Palama: have less than 8 years of schooling. The 1) Kalihi-Palama Library area ranks fourth highest among the 13 tar- 2) Liliha Library get areas on Oahu in Part I crimes which b. Waimanalo: consist of the more serious offenses including 1) purchase and use of van murder, rape, manslaughter, robbery, ag- 2) Kaneohe bookmobile gravated assault, burglary, larceny and auto theft. It also has an unfavorable ranking of 4. Major considerations in pilot proj- high infant mortality rate, with only 3% of ects: the 13 target areas showing a higher rate. In a. Identification of materials and/ housing, 36.4% of its structures are rated or programs to meet interests "substandard" compared to 38.9% for the and needs of thedisadvan- Oahu norm. Much of the housing in the area taged. is under the Hawaiian Housing Authority b. Take the library to where the Act. Housing made available to citizens with disadvantaged are. one-half or more Hawaiian blood at a cost of only $1 per year.3° Waimanalo has a lack of c. Involve the disadvantaged in resources. the planning, obtaining, and implementinglibrarymateri- als and programs. Other areas such as Kalihi-Palama d. Plan for innovative and effec- and Nanakuli have numerous agencies serv- tivecommunicationlinksto ing the area, including Model Cities; but reach the disadvantaged. Waimanalo is not included in the Model 5. Request in next bienium yearly Cities area. The Human Services Center, trips: Hawaii, Kauai, Maui and the Honolulu Community Action Program, Oahu, to identify with the Region- and the Educational Task Force are the ma- als the disadvantaged: who they jor agencies active in the area. Funds have are, where they are, and what been made available for a community-school their needs are. library facility to serve the area. As the area residents are not accustomed to utilizing the 6. Plans to be submitted to training resources in the community and the library specialist for in-service training in particular, a project in this area would workshops by Regions: e.g., Oahu, serve to assist them to become acquainted Hawaii, Kauai, and Maui. with our services and, hopefully, to motivate 7. Begin efforts to develop concept them to use the library upon its completion. of the library as a Neighborhood

97 Information Center and Referral 3. Evaluate suitability of materials Service. which have been utilized success- fully with our target groups in 8. Develop Outreach referencecol- target areas, for possible inclu- lection. sion with ongoing statewide ac- 9. Assess library needs of disadvan- quisition process. taged in Waianae. 4. Evaluate suitability of audio-visu- 10. Evaluate, update and validate almaterialsutilized inexperi- Outreach long-range plan. mentsforpossibleapplication SECOND INCREMENT: with the public library system. 5. Coordinate with other social agen- 1. Rejustify positions if disallowed. cies in providing materials and 2. Evaluate use of indigenous staff programs through use of the van. support and adapt as necessary. 6. Evaluate progress made on devel- 3. Continue pilot projects. oping the concept of the library as 4. Continue to Locus on major con- a Neighborhood Information Cen- siderations in pilot projects iden- ter and Referral Service in terms tified in first increment. of materialsacquired,resource 5. Be yin second year of visits to file developed, etc. Strengthen ef- neighbor islands and Oahu to forts to acquire more useful ma- identify the disadvantaged through terialsavailablelocally and coordinative efforts with the Re- throughstateagencies.Deter- gionals. Begin tofill in frame- mine kinds and varieties of ma- work withstatisticsregarding terials which need to be devel- opedor adapted tomeet the each region's disadvantaged.. needs of target groups in target 6. Continue in-service training work- areas.Beginto implementin shops utilizing community groups, branches upon approval of Direc- leaders and agency resources to tor of Public Libraries Branch. develop and extend a "full people-orientedlibraryprogram". 7. In-service training workshops to include feedbackto and from 7. Continueeffortsto devotethe r branch librarians regarding prog- concept of the library as a Neigh- ress made on the implementa- borhood Information Center and tion of the concept of the library Referral Service. as a Neighborhood Information 8. ContinuetodevelopOutreach and Referral Center. Also feed- reference collection. back and involvement of innova- 9. Begin pilot project in Waianae tive"Outreach"activitiesim- and on neighbor islands. plemented at branch libraries. 10. Disseminate information relating 8. Continue to implement pilot proj- to pilot projects efforts of previ- ectson neighbcr islands and ous year. Oahu. 11. Evaluate, up-date and validate 9. Strengthen and review progress disadvantaged long-rangeplan. of on-going projects. THIRD INCREMENT: 10. ContinuetodevelopOutreach reference collection. Involve other 1. Continue pilot projects. community agencies in order to 2. Continue to focus on major con- develop a special collection which siderations in pilot projects iden- will serve their reference needs in tified in first increment. serving the disadvantaged.

.IP 11. Disseminate information relating 3. In-service training workshops to to pilot project efforts of previous evaluate progress made by indi- year. vidual branches to provide inno- 12. Evaluate,up-date and validate vative activities to develop and/ disadvantaged long-rangeplan. or extend the concept of the library as people-oriented,tore- FOURTH INCREMENT: view statewide pilot efforts, etc. and generally to review our state- 1. Continue pilot projects in Wai- wide Outreach goals and objec- manalo and concentrate on the tives and how closely we have Waianae area. Continue to experi- begun to implement them. Evalu- ment with the van in close co- ate and identify areas which need ordination with the Leeward Book- to be developed further in our mobile schedule and program of attempts to assist the disadvan- activities. taged.(Utilizeinformationob- 2. Expand or terminate projects to tained through coordinativeef- disadvantaged areas as identified. forts with neighbor, island and 3. Continue to develop the library as Oahu Regional Librarians). Eval- a Neighborhood Information Cen- uation of responsibility of library ter and Referral Service. education programs to emphasize the role of the library as an instru- 4. In-service training workshops to ment of change. continue to focus on programs and/or activities based on prog- 4. ContinuetodevelopOutreach ress made in areas of multi-media, reference collection. materials for the functionally "il- 5. Evaluate, up-date andvalidate literates" and theforeign-born, and the progress being made on disadvantagedlong-rangepro- the library concept mentioned in gram. item 3. The procedures needed to implement 5. Systematically consolidate infor- these objectives are a use of "user survey" mation obtained from Regional regarding usefulness of materials and help- libraries on neighbor islands and fullness of staff; a library staff "survey"; a Oahu to describe who the dis- community organizations "survey"; and advantaged are, where they are other agencies serving the disadvantaged. living, and what their needs are. Evaluations are needed of materials and 6. Disseminate information relating programs and/or activities relating to the to pilot project efforts of previous users' point of view and in terms of propor- year. tion of target groups reached. Materials and 7. ContinuetodevelopOutreach programs should reflect an understanding of referencecollection.Adaptto the special needs of the disadvantaged, e.g., needs of social agencies in com- reading level, interest, special needs (e.g., munity serving the disadvantaged. large print, foreign materials, tapes, etc.) and materials helpful in improving the overall 8. Evaluate, up-date and validate quality of life and/or self development ef- disadvantaged long-rangeplan. forts. FIFTH INCREMENT: Evaluation will be a continuous process and resulting information on success 1. Shift use of van to other areas as or failure will be disseminated. Compile needed. information on the value characteristics of 2. Disseminate information relating thedisadvantagedascontrastedwith to pilot projects of previous year. middle class values.

. REFERENCES '3American Library Association, "Pub- lic Library Association Newsletter," May PA. Study of Library Services for the 1971, p. 1. Disadvantaged in Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse," The Bookmark, 24 (January 1970): "Hawaii. Department of Budget and 147. Finance, "The Social Problems Program for the Period 1970-71 to 1977-78" (Honolulu: 2"A Study of Library Services for the Department of Social Services and Housing, Disadvantaged in Buffalo, Rochester, and December 1971), 1: All -182. Syracuse," The Bookmark, 24 (January 1970): 147. p. All -184. Patricia Harper Troje, "St. Paul Pub- "Honolulu Star Bulletin: September lic Library's Operation Outreach," Minne- 25, 1966, All Col. 1. sota Libraries, 22 (Autumn 1969): 323. "Honolulu. City Demonstration Agen- cy. Model Cities Evaluation Report: Adult 4Ibid., p. 322. Education Centers (Honolulu: May 1971). 5Major Owens, "A Model Library for "Hawaii. Commission on Manpower Community Action," Library Journal, 95 and Full Employment. "Report of the State (May 1, 1970): 1702. ImmigrationService Center"(Honolulu: The Free Library of Philadelphia, January 1972), p. 3. "Re-Evaluation of Total Model Cities Pro- "Health and Community Services posal, City of Philadelphia," March 26, 1970, Council of Hawaii, "A Study of Immigrants p. 4. and Alien Resident Problems and Services, 'National Book Committee, Neigh- and of the Y.W.C.A. International Institute," borhood Library Centers and Services; a (Honolulu, July 1970), p. 3. study for the Office of Economic Opportun- ity (New York: National Book Committee, "Hawaii. Commission on Manpower 1967), p. 6. and Full Employment. "Report of the State "U.S. Department of Labor, Man- ImmigrationService Center"(Honolulu: power Administration, ESARS Handbook January 1972), p. 5. (Washington, D.C., September 1969) p. 4. 22Hawaii. Department of Budget and 9Peter Galuteria and others, "Help- Finance, "The Social Problems Program for ing Elevate the Disadvantaged through Li- the Period 1970-71 to 1977-78" (Honolulu: brary Programs" (A Paper completed in Department of Social Services and Housing, partial fulfillment for LS650, UHGSLS, Jan- December 1971), 1: All -201. uary, 1969), p. 28. "Ibid. '°Booz, Allen, and Hamilton, Plan- "Hawaii. Commission on Manpower ning for Libraries in Hawaii, A Comprehen- and Full Employment, "Welfare and Unem- sive Statewide Planning and Feasibility ployment in Hawaii" (Honolulu: January Study for Public Libraries and Joint School 1972) p. 8. and Public Library Facilities (Honolulu: De- 25Booz, Allen, and Hamilton, Planning partment of Education, 1968), p. 147. for Libraries in Hawaii, A Comprehensive "Proceedings of an Institute, "Public Statewide Planning and Feasibility Study for Library Service to the Disadvantaged" (At- Public Libraries and Joint School and Public lanta: Emory University, December 7 and 8, Library Facilities (Honolulu: Department of 1967), p. 25. Education, 1968), Exhibit XXV (4). "Proceedings of an Institute, "Public "Draft, Department of Health, Educa- Library Service to the Disadvantaged" (At- tion, and Welfare, Office of Education, 1 lanta: Emory University, December 7 and 8, L.S.C.A., Subpart AGeneral: Definitions, 1967), p. 30. IL 5. 27Peter Galuteria and others, "Help- 29Hawaii. Commission on Manpower ing Elevate the Disadvantaged through Li- and Full Employment, "Welfare and Un- brary Programs" (A Paper completed in par- employment in Hawaii" (Honolulu: January tial fulfillment for LS650, UHGSLS, January 1972), p. 112. 1969), p. 28. "Booz, Allen, and Hamilton, Planning for Libraries in Hawaii, A Comprehensive "Health and Community Services Statewide Planning and Feasibility Study for Council of Hawaii, Community Profile Study Public Libraries and Joint School and Public of the Oahu CAP Target Areas (Honolulu: Library Facilities (Honolulu: Department of Survey of Marketing Services, Inc., 1968), Education, 1968), p. 126. p. XXII-2XXII-4.

101 Library, Kauai Regional Library, Hawaii Re- TITLE II PROJECTS gional Library, Holualoa Library, Library for the Blind & Physically Handicapped, Keaau Community/School Library, Waimea Com- munity/School Library, Naalehu Commu- CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT nity/School Library, Waiakea Community/ PROJECT PLANS SchoolLibrary,Nanakuli Community/ School Library, Hana Community/School LegalReference:LibraryServices Library and Moanalua Library. and Construction Act I, Title II, Sec. 201, 202. 203 as amended. The long range plan for construction provides for the planning of evaluations, so BASIC LIBRARY NEEDS that data received can be utilized in the modification of existing plans and the gen- Libraries traditionally serve a wide eration of new plans. The long-range pro- variety of specific user requirements. The gram for CIP under the Library Services requirements fall into three broad catagories and Construction Act will be validated and of user motive for library use: educational updated annually. (both formal and informal users), informational (preference to meet requirements for PROJECTS vocational, avocational or other demands), THE HAWAII STATE CENTRAL and recreational (providing materials for the FACILITY is considered to have first prio- enjoyment of the general public). rity within the framework of the Long-Range The Community/School Library oper- Plan. ation for rural and small communities will Evaluation of existing facilities and continue to receive support from the Office needs indicate that a new, centralized struc- of Library Services in planning, implement- ture is needed to house the Office of Library ing, monitoring and evaluation of the effec- Services administrativeand support tiveness of its program. branches. In most instances existing facili- Past experiences find Hawaii's com- ties, inadequate even for present purposes, munity/school libraries have worked well do not provide for cultural and historical ac- providing specific advantages: tivities, showcase collections for children and 1. The combined facility has larger young adult users, or areas capable of stor- collec- age and retrieval of library materials. Space reading rooms and book deficiencies, such as these in central facilities tions. presently, cause work inefficiencies and seri- Duplication cost of two separate ously impair the growth and development of libraries is saved. a central library system. Central program 3. Parents use the facility when they and service activities have only 64% of the drop off or pick up their children space required to meet existing needs. The at school. most critical needs for additional space exist 4. The combined facility offers better in the: Hawaii Library Resource Center, in- hours to the community at less structional media services area, federal and state documents depository and service areas, cost. Hawaii and the Pacific collection, central 5. The community/school library re- book and media processing area, and repro- places small substandard facilities. graphic, protluction and distribution area. The projected needs for the next six To tupport further development of years beginning with the 1972-73 fiscal year central programs and services, increases in are: a new Hawaii StateCentral Facility, both staffing and collection sizes have been Laupahoehoe Community/School Library, recommended. By 1980, total collections to Hawaii Kai Library, Koloa Community/ be housed in the central facility should be School Library, Lanai Community/School enlarg4x1 to approximately 500,000 items. In

102 119. the same period, the total staff working in trol. The library will service the school, the the central facility should have grown to town of Laupahoehoe and two neighboring approximately 400. Facilities inadequate to towns. house ezirting levels of service obviously are The C/S library will be 8,000 sq. ft. not suited to meet requirements of future to service a student population of 500 and a expansion of programs and services. population of approximately 1,881. Preliminary studies suggest a need Since the facility is situated on State for a Central Facility of 350,000 square feet. property, no land acquisition is necessary. This facility would include the State Librar- Estimated total cost of construction is ap- ian's Office, Administrative Services Branch, proximately $600,000. LSCA Title II funds Public Libraries Branch, School Libraries are included in project cost. and Instructional Materials Branch, the The HAWAII KAI LIBRARY will be Teacher Assist Center, Centralized Proces- located within the Hawaii Kai community, sing Center, and the State Resource Center. Hawaii Kai, Oahu. The facility is envisioned It is assumed that state owned land would to be a 13,380 sq. ft. facility with total media be used. Costs for planning and construction and temperature and humidity control. Ha- are estimated at approximately 15 million waii Kai is a growing community of approxi- dollars. Consideration has been given to mately 16,000 and the library will be located locating this central library facility on the across the street from the shopping center Linekona School site facing Thomas Square. on the corner of Lunalilo Home Road and The Thomas Square area is within the Civic Kaumakani Street. A land area of 30,000 sq. Center and in close proximity of the Depart- ft. was purchased by the State for $90,000. ment of Education and most State govern- The total cost of land acquisition and con- ment agencies. Location in this area would struction is estimated to be $943,000. This provide good relation to cultural activities facility does not anticipate any federal assist- in Honolulu and aid in serving the State Li- ance from LSCA Title II funds. brary functions related to government and The KOLOA COMMUNITY/SCHOOL education. LIBRARY will be located on the campus of In addition to components of the Of- Koloa School on the island of Kauai. A new fice of Library Services, an additional 23,000 7,500 sq. ft. community/school library with square feet will be included to house the total media and temperature and humidity Honolulu District Offices. control, it will serve a school population of Number 540 and a community of 3,141. The commu- of Square Feet nity is currently serviced by a bookmobile Persons Requirements twice per month. Since the facility is located on State property, no land acquisition is Office of necessary. Estimated total cost of construc- Library tion will be $550,000. Project anticipates use Services 428 351,273 of LSCA Title II funds. Honolulu LANAI COMMUNITY/SCHOOL LI- District BRARY will be located on the campus of Offices 47 23,000 Lanai High & Elementary School campus, Total 475 374,213 Lanai City, Lanai. A new C/S library to serve The LAUPAHOEHOE CONLMUNI- the school and residents of the island of TY/SCHOOL LIBRARY project is currently Lanai. The project is envisioned to be a total under construction and scheduled to be com- media, 7,500 sq. ft. facility with temperature pleted in September 1972. The community/ and humidity control to service a student school library is located on the campus of population of 650 and a community of ap- Laupahoehoe Elementary & High School proximately 2,300. The community library campus in the town of Laupahoehoe, Ha- needs are presently serviced from a small waii. The facility will be equipped with total rented building owned by the Dole Pineapple media and temperature and humidity con- Company.

103 Since the facility will be situated on munity/school library to be constructed on State property, no land acquisition is neces- the Keaau School campus. The project is en- sary. Estimated total cost of construction visioned to be a total media 5,500 sq. ft. will be in the neighborhood of $500,000. facility with temperature and humidity con- project anticipates use of LSCA Title II trol to serve a community of 1,650 and a funds. school population of 358. The community is Renovationisto be made at the currently serviced by a bookmobile. KAUAI REGIONAL LIBRARY in Lihue, Since the facility will be situated on Kauai. Renovation to include installation of State property, no land acquisition is neces- a protective enclosure in the Hawaiiana sary. Estimated total construction cost should Room to house a rare book collection. A rare be in the neighborhood of $400,000. Hawaiiana Collection to be donated to the The WAIMEA COMMUNITY/ library by Miss E. Wilcox and family. The SCHOOL LIBRARY is to be located on the estimated commercial value of the rare col- island of Hawaii in the South Kohala Dis- lection is in excess of one million dollars. trict. A new community/school library is to Office of Library Services plans to be constructed on the Waimea School cam- utilize FY 1971 carryover funds with match- pus. The project is envisioned to be a total ing State funds for this project. media 8,000 sq. ft. library with temperature Renovation is to be made in the base- and humidity control to serve a community ment of the HAWAII REGIONAL LIBRARY of 2,500 and a student population of 496. The in Hilo, Hawaii. Renovation to include instal- community is currently serviced by a small lation of temperature and humidity control 805 sq. ft. library with a volume capacity of in the basement work area. The work area is 2,500. partially below ground level and provides Since the facility will be situated on inadequate ventilation. State property, no land acquisition is necessary. Estimated total cost of construction The Office of Library Services plans should fall in the neighborhood of $500,000. to utilize FY 1971 carryover funds with State matching funds for this project. The NAALEHU COMMUNITY/ SCHOOL LIBRARY is to be located on the Renovation is to be made at the HO- island of Hawaii in the Ka'u District. A new LUALOA LIBRARY in Holualoa, community/school library isto be con- Renovation to include installation of temper- structed on the Naalehu School campus for a ature and humidity control and paving one community of 1,600 and school population of side and back of the building. The Holualoa 311. As the Ka'u coast will be developed into area is humid and wet during the year. The a major tourist area with the town of Naale- Office of Library Services plans to utilize FY hu as the major area to house support 1971 carryover funds with matching State personnel, the community is expected to funds for this project. undergo substantial population growth with- Renovation is to be made to the LI- in the next 10 years. At the present time, a BRARY FOR THE BLIND AND PHYSICAL- small space is being rented in a store to pro- LY HANDICAPPED located in Honolulu, vide library service twice per week. Oahu. The renovation to include expansion The proposed community/schoolli- of stack area, browsing area, listening and brary is envisioned to be approximately recording areas and a small conference 8,000 sq. ft. with total media and tempera- room for the staff and public use. ture and humidity control. The cost of con- The Office of Library Services plans struction should be in the neighborhood of to utilize FY 1971 carryover funds with State $500,000. matching funds for this project. The WAIAKEA COMMUNITY/ The KEAAU COMMUNITY /SCHOOL SCHOOL LIBRARY is to be located on the LIBRARY is to be located on the island of island of Hawaii. A new community/school Hawaii in the Puna District. It is a new com- library to service, aside from the community,

104 .114 an educational cluster of two elementary and LAHAINA COMMUNITY/SCHOOL one junior high school. The facility is envi- LIBRARYProjectcurrentlysuspended sioned to be approximately 30,000 sq. ft. with pending site location and facility planning of total media arid temperature and humidity proposedelementary-intermediateeddca- control to service a community of 15,000 and tional cluster. a school population of 3,600. The HANA COMMUNITY/SCHOOL The facility will be located on State LIBRARY is to be located in Hana on the is- property and no land acquisition is neces- land of Maui. At the present time there is sary. Estimated cost of the construction is no library in Hana, and a bookmobile from $1.7 million. the town of Kahului, 50 miles away, services this isolated community. A community/ The NANAKULI COMMUNITY/ school library approximately 8,000 sq.ft. SCHOOL LIBRARY is to be located on the withtotal media and temperature and island of Oahu in the Waianae coast area. humidity control will serve the community The Waianae coast is considered a disad- of 1,000 and a student population of 242. vantaged area with incomes ranging generally in the middle and the lower levels Since the facility will be located on with a fairly large percentage of families State school property, no land acquisition receiving State financial aid. The popula- cost will be involved. The facility is estimated tion has grown steadily since 1960 and it is to cost approximately $500,000. estimated that in the next 20 years, the KALAHEO COMMUNITY/SCHOOI. school population will increase from 8,100 to LIBRARYInitially a school library and over 14,000 students. The most pronounced programmed by DOE Facilities Branch. growth was in Nanakuli and Mai le. Status of the library changed to community/school library. It is anticipated that this A new community/school library is to project will be included in the Office of be constructed on the Nanakuli High School Library Services Budget. campus. The facility is planned to be a 10,000 sq. ft., total media library with tem- The MOANALUA LIBRARY is to be perature and humidity control to service a located on the island of Oahu. The Moanalua community of 7,100 and a student popula- area has, within the past 10 years, increased tion of 1,150. in population and justifies a community library. The area is presently not served by a The facility will be located on State library and the nearest library is located in property and no land acquisition will be Aiea and Kalihi. necessary. Estimated cost of construction A new community library to serve a is $800,000. population of 13,300 to be located in the Moanalua area, centrally sited to service the MOUNTAIN VIEW COMMUNITY/ three residential areas separated by an arte- SCHOOL LIBRARYProject currently under rial. The library is envisioned to be 10,000 consideration and review. Feasibility study sq. ft. facility with total media and tempera- is being coordinated with Facilities Branch, ture and humidity control. Land acquisition Department of Education; Hawaii District is a possibility but all efforts will be made to Office, Department of Education; and the locate the library on State property. Esti- Hawaii School Advisory Commission. mated cost of construction is $800,000.

105 11 4.4y .4444.1 Aar-A..1 J1 ,-4: 4 r'n Figure 27 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM SIX-YEARPROJECT CAPITALREQUIREMENTS IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM Beginning July 1, 1973 DistrictDepartment of Education Library Services NUMBER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 ACT APPRN.PRIOR AMT. 3 ESTIMATED 6-YEARTOTAL .4 1973 FISCAL YEARS (In Thousands of Dollars) 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 CentralizedNEWPlan STATE and Processingconstruct LIBRARY new Center, AGENCY State Teacher Library CENTRAL Assist Agency Center, FACILITY to include 155/69187/70 612 75 8,960 4,200 4,760 OfficeSchoolLibrary of Libraries Library Branch, Services.& PublicInstructional Libraries Materials Branch, Branch, Administration, State Subtotal Federal155/69 2550 8,960 4,200 4,760 2 islandAdditionIdAt/A1121/11LIC1111BAEYILlilal of Hawaiiand remodeling of central library located on 217/67195/65 38/66 80501615 774 774 Subtotal 4 774 774 46 3 ParkingHAWAII Lot PUBLIC LIBRARY Mot Subtotal 217/67217/67175/65 73 7 46 46 4 WAIMEA(Kamuela) COMMUNITY-SCHOOL LIBRARY Subtotal 217/67 33/66 190 23 400 400 Figure 28 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM SIX-YEARPROJECT CAPITALREQUIREMENTS IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM DistrictDepartment of Education Library Services NUMBER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 ACT APPRN.PRIOR AMT. 3 TOTALESTIMATED 6-YEAR 4 1973 FISCAL YEARS (In Thousands of Dollars) 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 5 KEEAU COMMUNITY-SCHOOL LIBRARY 217/67 38/66 200 45 200 200 6 NANAKULI COMMUNITY.SCHOOL LIBRARY Subtotal 200660 200 60 600 87 PlanLAHAINAWAIAKEA and construct COMMUNITYSCHOOLCOMMUNITY-SCHOOL a new community-school LIBRARY LIBRARY library 155/69 120 687660 60 627600 Subtotal 687 60 500627 98A PlanHANANAALEHU COMMUNITY-SCHOOL COMMUNITY-SCHOOL LIBRARY LIBRARYcll 1 -: cc,astruct new community-szhool library 444500 444 9A MOUNTAIN VIEW COMMUNITY-SCHOOL LIBRARY Subtotal 40/68 140 444 444 warleamy 111111.1.... to.K. .1 Figure 29 SUMMARY OF PROGRAMSIX-YEAR PROJECT CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM DepartmentDistrict of Education I ihrary Sprvirec NUMBER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 ACT APPRN.PRIOR AMT. 3 TOTALESTIMATED 6-YEAR 4 1973 FISCAL YEARS (In Thousands of Dollars) 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 10 5,000KONA square COMMUNITY feet addition LIBRARY to present (KEALAKEKUA) building Subtotal 38/66 144 206 206206 11 Enlarget(AHULUI and LIBRARY remodel existing library 187/70 14 298 298 12 controlPlansAINA andHAINA in presentinstallation LIBRARY facility of temperature and humidity Subtotal 60 6 54 13 KANEOHE REGIONAL LIBRARY Subtotal 187/70 7 295 60 95 6 200 54 Temperatureplan and construct and humidity addition and to acoustical existing librarycontrol; Subtotal 295 95 200 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM SIX-YEARPROJECT CAPITALREQUIREMENTS IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM Department of Education Figure 30 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 APPRN.PRIOR 3 TOTALESTIMATED 4 FISCAL YEARS (In Thousands of Dollars) District Library Services NUMBER ACT AMT. YEAR763 1973 - 1974 75 1975200 1976488 1977 1978 14 WAIPAHUlibraryLand acquisition; COMMUNITY plan and LIBRARY construct a new community Subtotal 763 75 200 488 15 PlanMOANALUA and construct COMMUNITY new community LIBRARY library Subtotal 885 72 813813 c, 16 andRemodeliingKAILUA installation LIBRARY and of expansion temperature of existing and humidity Kailua control Library 263 263 17 MAUIInstall PUBLIC temperature LIBRARY and humidity(WAILUKU) control equipment in Subtotal 263 49 263 49 squarethe central feet) library in Wailuku (approximately 8,200 Subtotal 49 49 18 PlanningKAIMUKI for additionREGIONAL as a regionalLIBRARY library Subtotal 220 20 200200 Figure 31 SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS1X-YEAR PROJECT CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM DistrictDepartment of Education Library Services NUMBER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 ACT APPRN.PRIOR AMT. 3 TOTALESTIMATED 6-YEAR 4 1973 FISCAL YEARS (In Thousands of Dol ars) 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 19 MOLOKAIInstall temperature COMMUNITY and humidity LIBRARY control equipment 15 15 20 InstallPAHALA temperature COMMUNITYSCHOOL and humidity control LIBRARY equipment Subtotal 2415 2415 21 yvAiInstall KIKI-KAPAHULU temperature and COMMUNITY humidity control LIBRARY equipment Subtotal 2460 24 60 Subtotal 60 I 60 22 andPHYSICALLYRemodelingLIBRARY physically FOR handicapped HANDICAPPEDof existing THE BLIND library AND to accomodate blind 220 220 SubtotalGRAND TOTAL 16,689 220 6,048 I 8,489 1,633 239 280220 specialized collections that are available at TITLE III PROJECTS separate points, emphasize the necessity for inter-library cooperation to gain the maximum benefit from the total resource."' INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION INCREASED EDUCATIONAL Legal Reference: Library Service and INTERESTS Construction Act, Title III, Interlibrary Co- Formal education in Hawaii is sizable. operation Sec 301, 302, 303, as amended. Enrollment in the public schools parallels population growth. Private school enroll- BACKGROUND ment is increasing at a rate slightly greater The direction for cooperative efforts than that of the population. University, col- among libraries in Hawaii has been outlined lege, and technical school enrollments are inthe1968 Booz-Allen-Hamiltonstudy, approximately double that of population Planning for Libraries in Hawaii which is a growth.' Figures 36 and 37 show continued ten-year plan. Current reports prepared by increases in enrollment at all levels from ele- the Hawaii State Department of Planning mentary to academic. and Economic Development update the sta- "The population is young-50 percent tistical data included in this study. Pertinent were under 25 years of age in 1970."3 The data is also available in the preceding Title age distribution of the 1967 Public Library I Plan for strengthening metropolitan public User Survey included in the Booz-Allen- libraries. Hamilton study shows that nearly 70% of the patrons are students.' LIMITATION OF LIBRARY RESOURCES As enrollment grows, so will student Approximately 500 libraries are iden- demands on limited library resources. In tified in Hawaii by the 1967 Inventory of addition "a growing need exists for materials Hawaii Library Resources conducted as part and support for continuing education and of the Booz-Allen-Hamilton library planning self-education. This need affects persons in study. The total book resource reported for job-retraining,improvingproficiencyor the state was approximately 4 million vol- learning additional skills, as well as those of umes, somewhat less than the resources of a simply learning more about the world which number of major university libraries or city surrounds them."' Access to the resources of library systems. It was concluded that, "it an increased number of libraries will help is a limited resource for the population it meet needs for supplementary and continu- must serve and the diverse requirements of ing education. an entire state that must be met."' The Hawaii Library Association 1970 Directory of Libraries and Information GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION Sources in Hawaii and the Pacific Islands OF HAWAII'S ECONOMY locates 129 in the state, not counting the 216 Hawaii enjoys a growing, expanding public school libraries.5 The 1971 Directory economy that is becoming increasingly di- of Hawaii's Scientific Resources lists 405 verse. Population, economic activity, and organizations employed in scientific activi- personal income have increased more rapidly ties but only 24 scientific libraries. (Figure here than in the nation as a whole.2 Figures 35) These recent surveys do not show sub- 38 and 39 give recent data on these changes. stantial increase, if any, in the state's library As Hawaii grows and develops diver- resources. sity its business, agricultural, professional, The need to share resources continues technical, and governmental environment and is still with us. "The limited overall re- becomes more complex and specialized. sources available in Hawaii, and the sizable Users from these segments need access to

111 increasingly sophisticated, varied, and cur- 4. Information retrieval in modern, rent library resources and services. Timely, rapid, sophisticated modes to meet rapid dissemination and transmittal of all user needs. forms of information must be expedited in 5.Cooperative content analysis, au- order to meet the demands of widening con- thorship, and publication for state- cerns and interests. wide use. HAWAII AND PACIFIC NEEDS 6. Promotion and training in the effective, wide use of cooperative Hawaii State's need for local state statewide networks. and Pacific history is magnified by its un- usual background its unique cultural and CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL racial heritage. Hawaii's library system has OF PROJECT major responsibility in the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of the records of All project proposals submitted to the Hawaii's history and literature, its Pacific State Librarian will be considered. Accepted origin and roots, its unique development proposals shall appear in the annual pro- and growth. gram for the following year. Approval of project proposals shall be dependent upon Hawaii has and continues to serve as the extent and effectiveness with which they the nation's Pacific post. Its "trade, travel, meet the following criteria. financial and other activities are increasing throughout the Pacific area. As these (na- 1. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS. Propo- tional) personal and commercial interests sals must conform to the federal develop, information regarding the entire requirements of Title III of the Li- area will become increasingly in demand in brary Services and Construction Hawaii."' Act and its amendments (Public Law 91.600) and the state requirements of the Hawaii Revised Stat- STATEMENT OF NEED utes, Section 312. It is clear that new program require- 2. COUNCIL APPROVAL. Proposals ments are called for, due to these identified must be presented to and approved factors which exist in Hawaii: by the State Advisory Council for 1. Limitation of library resources. LSCA. 2. Increased educational interests. 3. NEEDS AND GOALS. The objec- 3. Growth and diversification. tives of the proposals should meet 4. Hawaii and Pacific needs. essential, major needs and goals set forth in the state's long range OBJECTIVE plan. The objective of the plan is the devel- 4. FEASIBILITY. Funds,resources, opment of a cooperative network providing and commitment essential to suc- various types of library services in the state cessful implementation of the proj- through the following subobjectives: ect must be available. 1. Statewide development of all in- 5. EVALUATION. The project propos- formation media through coopera- al shall include measures and pro- tive acquisitions, maintenance, and ceduresforeffectiveevaluation, storage. monitoring, and reporting. 2.Accessibility to and joint use and 6. PRIORITY FOR COOPERATIVE dissemination of these media in EFFORT TO SERVE TARGET various types of libraries and loca- AREAS. Priority shall .be granted tions. to those proposals addressedto 3. Statewide information and media serving many segments of the state's transmittal and delivery system. population; to serving various and

112 isolated geographical areas of the action to gain increased, expanded or new state; to service without bias,wheth- services, facilities or output for two or more er political,religious, racial,eco- types of libraries and their users; to propos- nomic or cultural. als making innovative and needed projects Priority shall be granted to proposals economically feasible for two or more types utilizing coordinated, concerted action to of libraries through cooperative effort; to eliminate unnecessary duplication of re- proposals with potential that furnish a base sources and effort; to proposals for concerted for greater future development and growth.

PROJECT 1, INDEXING OF HAWAIIANA Indexing of Hawaiiana materials shall be done on a cooperative basis. Currently libraries throughout the state index such materials for their own use. The indexes are scattered and fragmented! Cooperative indexing that also utilizes a common thesaurus shall increase the speed, quality, and quantity of retrieval capacity in the important area of Hawaiiana. This project achieves subobjectives 2, 4, and 5 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATIVE MEASURES 1971-1973. Compilation of a thesaurus of Acceptance for use by at least two of the Hawaiiana descriptors. major libraries co-indexing Hawaiiana. 1973-1976. Establishment of an Hawaiiana Bank to contain indexing to at least 30% of indexing bank to be maintained and used on the Hawaiiana materials in the state. a cooperative basis. Formal agreements on cooperative indexing shall be arranged.

PROJECT 2, COOPERATIVE USE OF MICROFORMS Microform centers for the cooperative maintenance of serials in microform for purposes of storage, bibliographic control, information retrieval, and sharing of equipment shall be established. This shall bring about increased accessibility to serial information within the state and cost savings in space, processing, equipment, and staff. This project achieves subobjectives 1, 2, and 4 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATION MEASURES 1972-1973. Coordination of microform ac- Increase in the number of titles available to quisitions. cooperating libraries. 1972-1973. Establishment of formal agree- Volumes of backfiles discarded due to co- ments on equipment, service, and staff. operative pool, elimination of duplicate holdings. 1974-1976. Coordination of the three major Increase in the number of microform pages reprographic centers that are under separate copied or loaned. state jurisdictions.

PROJECT 3, ACCESS TO DATA BANKS Data banks (SWIS, UH Survey Research Office, PSWRMLS, BARC, SCAN) access shall be provided for users through remote online terminals in selected libraries. This shall present a fast new approach to information, give access to new sources and a variety of specialized information, and expand the range of the information network.

113 ,12` This project achieves subobjectives 2 and4 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATION MEASURES 1974-1977. Establishment of a formal agree- Number of updated, new, previously inacces- ment with at least one data bank each year. sible items of information provided to users. 1974-1976. Acquisition of on-line terminals Number of updated, new previously inaces- for selected libraries, including those on the sible items of information provided to users. three major neighboring islands.

PROJECT 4, TRANSMISSION NETWORK The teletypewriter network which now links Hawaii State Library, the University of Ha- waii Hamilton Library, and the Hawaii State Library System regional libraries on the three major neighbor islands shall be expanded to include school libraries, special libraries, and additional public libraries on Oahu. Eventually telecommunication with mainland networks shall also be provided. These additions shall not only provide speedier exchange of materials and reference services among more types of libraries, but also help to firm relationships among the participating libraries.

This project achieves subobjective 3 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATION MEASURES 1972-1973. Addition of Datatel terminals in Measured increase of interlibrary loan re- Oahu regional libraries. quests among Oahu libraries. 1972-1973. Addition of a WATS line at Ham- Measured increase of interlibrary loan re- ilton Library. quests among the libraries of the University of Hawaii and the community colleges and public libraries on the three major neighbor islands. 1973-1975. Addition of Datatel terminals in Measured increase of interlibrary loan re- selected libraries of large school complexes. quests among these libraries and other participating libraries. 1974-1977. Addition of Datatel terminals in Measured increase of interlibrary loan re- selected commercial, governmental, and pro- quest among these libraries and other parti- fessional libraries. cipating libraries. 1974-1975. Addition of TWX terminal in Ha- Number of updated, new, previously inac- waii State Library in order to provide tele- cessible items of information provided to communication with the mainland. users.

PROJECT 5, TRANSMISSION AND DELIVERY Transmission of copies will be provided through telefacsimile, regardless of distances. This shall provide speedier exchange of information and reference services among more types of libraries.

114 124 This project achieves subobjectives 3 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATION MEASURES 1973-1975. Addition of telefacsimile ma- Number of telefacsimile copies and/or pages chines in selected libraries. transmitted to network members within selected time periods: 1-2 hours 2-4 hours 4-6 hours 6-8 hours 1975-1977. Cooperative ventures in oversea Increase in geographical coverage. satellite transmission of various media.

PROJECT 6, PUBLICATION AND MEDIA PREPARATION Various agencies, including those that are not libraries, shall cooperatively prepare media such as, bibliographies and other publications, audio-visual presentations, etc., for use by readers or cooperating libraries. This shall insure a continuous input, by a multiple-agency approach, of timely material for specific needs as they arise. This project achieves subobjective 5 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATION MEASURES 1972-1977. Publication and distribution of Number of items prepared. Number of copies prepared media. distributed and/or requested.

PROJECT 7, NETWORK PROMOTION AND TRAINING Formal education and training programs shall be established that shall educate librarians and inform patrons about the interlibrary cooperation network, available services, and procedures. Such programs will bring about an increase in librarian and patron involvement and greater efficiency in the utilization of network services. This project achieves subobjective 6 and fulfills all the criteria. PROCEDURES AND PROJECT PROGRESS EVALUATIVE MEASURES 1972-1977. Increase in number of staff able to carry out 1. Development of training programs interloan procedures. Before and after sur- and preparation of training manu- vey of interlibrary loan and reference user re- als. actions. Before and after sample tracking of 2. Conducting of training sessions and interlibrary loan and reference operations. education workshops.

115 25 PROJECT, UNION LIST AND 2Hawaii. Department of Planning and UNION CATALOG* Economic Development. Economic Forecasts Bibliographic access to the serial and for the State of Hawaii to 1975 and 1980. book holdings of the larger libraries in Ha- 1971. waii shall be provided through union lists and 3- The State of Hawaii Data union catalogs. *See the Title I Plan for the Book; a Statistical Abstract. 1971. Computer-BasedCentralized Processing 4Hori, Joan. "A Survey of Indexes to Center. Hawaiiana." HLA Journal, December 1971. 5Luster, Arlene D.C., comp. "A Direc- SOURCES tory of Libraries and Information Sources in 'Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc. Plan- Hawaii and the Pacific Islands," HLA Jour- ning for Libraries in Hawaii. 1968. nal, December 1970.

r -

I Figure 32

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF HAWAII'S SCIENTIFIC RESOURCES: 1971

N her of ( 'ooks Taw. Or Total awltrihuiral ORGANIZATION or ageno iv% employmroo emploImem I -- Employing organisations 1971 1970 1971 ifrio 1971 1970

'1'ota is 301 265 22,230 20,490 5,68 5,W1 Organi/at ions w it h scientific capabilities 39 7,511 7,158 1,446 1,339 Complier sciences 45 27 1,883 1,351 1,034 637 It & 1) and a11icxl orgatiiiations 45 46 3,612 3,513 637 629 Testing laboratories 24 23 854 704 474 415 Government research agencies 99 101 7,677 7,183 1;868 1,882 Fedei a I 23 20 1,670 1,703 277 260 12 12 1,037 806 164 150 State, except U.H. 33 34 2,323 1,950 684 662 University of Hawaii 18 22 998 1,133 429 622 County 13 13 1,649 1,591 224 188 Private research agencies 29 29 693 581 222 192

Regular Assoc sale membership InemboA4)

1971 1970 1971 1970

11-Professional associations 45 '43 10,365 10,226 604 545

Sciemiiic books

1971 1970

ill-Scientific libraries 24 27 677,917 656,918

Full-lime Parltime enrolhoem corollooem Spring Spring Spring Spring 1971 1970 1971 197(1 IV-Educational institutions 35 35 32,553 28.101 39.1in 29.3 15

East-West Center 6 695 550 1,765 University of Hawaii 14 14 19,387 16,930 33,44 28,018 Community Colleges 6 5 8,609 6,318 :1,962 989 5 Private Colleges 5 2,312 9,119 311 288 Business and Technical Schools 4 5 1,520 2,161 150 50

Hawaii. Department of Planning and Economic Development. HAWAII'S SCIENTIFICRESOURCES. 1971.

117 1 Cr 4...1k. Figure 33

Table 23-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, TEACHERS, AND GRADUATES 1832 TO 1971

School en ollinent or menthe rNItip1 Teachers' Iligh school grad nal es

Year '1 mai P ul die Pt ivate Public Private Public Private

1832 23,123 23,123 (NA) (NA) 1847 19,6.11 19,644 625 (NA) 1859' 9,72 8.628 1,154 290 (NA) (NA) 1870' 7,927 5,938 1,989 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1880 7,164 5,373 1,791 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1890 10.006 7,343 2,663 232 136 (NA) 1900 15,537 11.501 4,036 352 207 6 (NA) 1910 25,770 20.245 5,525 501 276 26 (NA) 19 20 48.923 41,350 7,573 1,312 402 164 (NA) 1931 1 :8,577 76,634 11,943 2,657 594 1,288 502 1940 112,260 92,424 19.836 3,394 833 4,264 873 1949-50 114,986 90,786 '24,200 3,122 878 5,585 1,072 1959 -60 169,925 140,666 29,259 4,731 1,297 6,288 1,611

1960.61 175,172 145,134 30,038 4,850 1,151 7,267 1,731 1961 -62 180,006 149,554 30,452 5,013 1,213 7,797 1,785 19 62- 63 184,231 153,298 30,933 5,179 1,227 7,763 1,748 1963 -64 187,82.5 156,651 31,174 5,173 1,205 8,327 1,866 1964 -65 193,017 160,681 32,366 5,368 1,481 9,239 1,976 1965 -66 194,575 162,164 32,431 5,846 1,477 9,009 2,048 1966 -67 200,242 166,375 33,867 6,394 1.492 9,540 2,175 I 9 67-68 203.734 169,673 34,061 6,624 1,594 9,430 2,133 1968 -69 207,2:s.1 173,718 33,513 7,098 1,547 9,800 2,173 1961 -711 211,215 178,564 32,651 7,300 1,551 10,407 2,209 1970 -71 213,165 180,770 32,395 7,948 1,698 --- -

NA - Not Available I Month unspecified for 1832-1859; January 1, 1870 to 1890; December 31, 1900 to 1940; December data for school years 1949-1950 forward. 2Data for 1900.1930 are for twelfth grade enrollment rather than graduates. 3Public school data refer to "common schools"; private school data, to "select" and "independent" schools. SOURCE: Report of the Minister of Public Instruction for 1846 (p. 56) and 1848 (p. 2); Report of the President of the Board of Education for 1860 (pp. 2 and 25), 1870 (pp. 2. 3),1880 (p. 1), and 1890 (p.12); Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1900 (p.93), 1910 (p. 74), and 1920 (p. 202); Report of the Department of Public Instruction for 1929-1930 (p. 155), 1939.1940 (p. 25), and June 30, 1950 (pp. 48 and 51); Department of Education, A Compilation of Selected Statistics, Public and Non-Public Schools of Hawaii, 1969-1970, pp. 9, 39, 57, and 67, and records.

Hawaii. Department of Planning and Economic Development. THE STATE OF HAWAII DATA BOOK; A STATISTICAL ABSTRACT. 1971.

118 Figure 34

Table 25DAYTIME ENROLLMENT AND DEGREES AWARDED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII: 1908-09 TO 1970.71

1:m011w:in I 1)egiccs a ra rtled2

NI alum Ililo Community Year ('ampo.; Campus' Colleges' Associate. NI aster's Doctor's

1908-09 41

1919-20 242 8 I 1929.30 1,321 96 20

1939-.10 2,703 7..28 9 1949-50 4,842 641 33 1959-60 6.923 250 881 81 3

1960-61 7,511 260 832 109 7 1961 -62 8,231 285 869 112 2 1%2-63 9,150 399 894 252 15 1963-64 10,466 355 983 304 14 1964-65 1 1,64 I 398 1,183 362 20 1965.66 1 3,5S7 510 2,010 129 1,444 427 29 1966.67 14,772 571 2,444 232 1,515 555 28 1967-68 16,564 618 3,606 448 1,833 819 47 1968.69 17,082 679 5,494 448 1,924 982 58 1969-70 18,474 864 8,713 668 2,333 1,018 53 1970-71 21,090 1,184 10,853

1Nonduplicated annual enrollment through 1939.1940, fall semester day enrollment thereafter. 2The first annual commencement was in 1912. The first master's degree was awarded in 1914; the first doctor's degree. In 1933. 3Began in 1947 as a part of the Extension Division and put under the Dean of Faculties in 1951. 4Transf erred to the University from the Department of Education in 1965. Includes five community colleges and (in 19694970) Hawaii Technical School. SOURCE: Office of the President, University of Hawaii.

Hawaii. Department of Planning and Economic Development. THE STATE OF HAWAII DATA BOOK; A STATISTICAL ABSTRACT. 1971.

119 Figure 35

Table 1-PROJECTED VALUES OF DEPENDENT VARIABLES USED IN THEMODEL: EMPLOYMENT, PERSONAL INCOME, AND OTHER SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS: FORECASTS FOR1970, 1975 AND 1980

Annual Rat,: Actis al Frol.eetet of Growth

Variables 1960 1969 1970 1975 1980 196069 1970 :11

LF Total Labor Force 235,140325,100340,250407,40061,370 3.7 3.7 NU Unemployment 1131e CO 3.00 2.70 3.95 2.90 3.10 -1.2 Total Employment 1/ 228,050 316,371 326,810395,810 476,070 3.7 3.8 11 Private Wage Empleympnt 151,820 213,121 221,020 271,390341,370 3.8 4.4 nl Sugar 14,633 11,100 10,129 8,207 6,632 -3.0 -4.2 n2 Pineapple 10,396 8,900 8,386 7,721 7,095 -1.7 -1./ n3 Hotel 4,235 12,550 12,989 19,203 23,740 12.8 6.2 n4 Garment 2,379 2,992 3,143 3,959 5,020 2.6 4.8 n5 Recreation 2,925 4,120 4,294 5,279 6,457 3.9 4.2 n6 Construction 17,470 22,600 23,772 28,3)() 39,802 2.9 5.3 n7 Constm.tion Materials 2,355 3.002 3,625 4,528 6,758 2.7 6.4 n8 Diversified Manta. 7,416 9,109 9,664 11,047 12,727 2.3 2.8 n9 Retail 30,999 49.111 50,846 63,872 30,292 5.2 4.7 n10 Wholesale - Trucking 13,047 17,961 19,078 21,921 25,210 3.6 2.8 n11 Finance, Ins., & Real Estatc 8,458 16,188 18,037 23,753 31,173 7.5 5.6 n12 Transportation 7,614 11,042 11,200 13,332 15,756 4.2 3.5 n13 Communication - Util. 4,641 8,480 8,579 11.758 16,274 6.9 6.6 n14 Service 18,185 34,466 36,064 47,907 64,213 7.4 6.0 n15 Unclassified 7,067 1,500 1,219 510 219 -1.5.8 -15..; wl Private Wav Rate ($) 4,283 6,520 6,900 9,030 12,050 4.8 5.7

lilt Residential. Construction 2/ 1. ($ million) 91.7 252.7 297.0 479.9 885.9 11.9 11.6 IIC Commercial Construction 2/ ($ millioa) 67.5 218.2 214.3 260.5 455.8 13.9 7.8 Construction Completed ($ mill.) 256.9 625.6 660.1 971.11,640.2 10.4 9.5

SL Retail Sales ($ million) 948.2 1,763.01,960.0 2,549.03,331.0 7.1 5.5

Pt Corp. Profit (Tar.) ($ million)3/ 6.8 14.4 14.9 18.8 27.6 8.7 6.4

WI Private Wage Income ($ million) 651.01,390.01,555.82,500.04,196.4 8.8 10.4 UT Transfer. Paym:nt ($ millioa) C16.0 192.0 220.2 291.6 386.2 12.6 5.8 P2 Property (8 million) 138.0 278.4 282.6 372.6 469.9 8.). 5.2 ?I Nonfarm Prep.Income ($ mill.) 102.0 156.0 172.0 210.7 257.6 4.8 4.1 YP Civilian P...rsonal Income ($ million) 1,303.0 2,778.03,041.24,553.7 6,833.0 8.8 Total. State Personal 111,A)me 4/ ($ million) 1,413.0 3,060.01,155.1 4,928.7 7,287.0 8.4 8.1

1/Total Employment includes private wage employment plus government employment, farm employment and non-agriculture self-employed. These last three sectors were projected independently. 2/Permit value. Since information on total corporate profit is not available, corporate tax collect shown above are used as a proxy. State corporate tax collections are estimated to account 6.3 percent of the total corporate profits. 4/Total State Personal Income is derived by adding military wages shown in table 3 to Civilian Personal Income.

Hawaii.Department of Planning and Economic Development. ECONOMIC FORECASTS FOR THE STATE OF HAWAII TO 1975AND1980. 1971.

120 139 Table 3-HAWAII AND THE UNITED STATES: A DECADE OF CHANGE Figure 36 Selected economic indicators 1960 Hawaii 1970 10-yearchangepercent 1960 Unitca States 1970 Una=ploymentTotal resident rate population:al civilian- April employment1 632,772228,050 3.0% 335,450769,913 3.6% 47.121.7 179.3 =ill.65.3 =ill.5.5% 203.2 =ill.7S.5 4.97. '3.3 PerGross capita State personalatailand National sales income product of construction put in place $275.4$2,335 mill.944.2$1.81 bill.mill. $2,025.7 mill. $703.8$4,474 mill.$4.13 bill. 114.5184.6128.2 91.6 $219.5$2,236$503.7 bill.$53.9 bill. S35L.5.929.125.76.5 bill. 91.3 bill. 65.175.393.9 Elettricity` :: tor vehicle ger.errize4 registration (bill (1,000) Z1) serIces 208,411 230.8 1.47 414,165 40.5 3.49 138.0 93.775.3 73,859 841.6 65.0 mill. 1,63.3.0103,977 104,.1 =ill. 56.9L7.360.2 Cc-s7.-,.."-nC:stB.a=k of private living 1.-ndedemandcost index xdeposits (1967=100) (1957-59=100)- $275.5 mill.107.2 85.2 $608.8 mill.167.4114.3 121.0 56.2,34.2 $133.4 bill. 88.7 103 $209.3 bill.116.3 15, =7.i3:.:

PERSPECTIVESHawaii. Department FOR ofSHORT-TERM Planning and AND Economic LONG-TERM Development. ECONOMIC GROWTH. THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE ECONOMY OF 1972. HAWAII: